Adolescent

The noun adolescence comes from the Latin word adolescere, which means "to ripen"
or "to grow up."
So it makes sense that we use it to describe that unique age when kids start growing
into something closer to grown-ups. 

Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Children who
are entering adolescence are going through many changes. Adolescence begins at
puberty, around age 10 to 12 and concludes somewhere between 18 to 21 years of
age. Puberty – is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. a
phase of rapid growth, at the end of which the body reaches reproductive maturity.

Adolescence is generally regarded as the psychologic, social, and maturational process

initiated by the pubertal changes.
It involves three stages
 Early adolescence(11-14yrs)
 Middle adolescence(15-17yrs)
 Late adolescence(18-20yrs)

The average age of onset of puberty is at 11 for girls and 12 for boys.
Here are three stages of developments which all adolescents experience:
Physical development – Physical changes of puberty are primarily the result of
hormonal activity under the influence of central nervous system. Puberty is a period of
several years in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur,
culminating in sexual maturity. The average age of onset of puberty is at 11 for girls and
12 for boys.
There are two types of physical changes that occur during puberty:
a) changes to primary sex characteristics - Primary sex characteristics refer to changes
to the sexual organs themselves (uterus, vagina, penis, and testes)
b) changes to secondary sex characteristics. - Secondary sex characteristics refer to
other visible changes that mark adult maturation such as changes in height and body
shape.

Cognitive Development - The development of the ability to think and reason.

Adolescence marks the beginning development of more complex thinking processes
(also called formal logical operations). This time can include abstract thinking the ability
to form their own new ideas or questions. It can also include the ability to consider many
points of view and compare or debate ideas or opinions. It can also include the ability to
consider the process of thinking.

Typical Cognitive Changes During Adolescence:

- Ability to reason gives them a new level of social awareness.
- Teenager begin to acquire the ability to think abstractly.
- The ability to think systematically about all logical relationships within a problem.
- They can analyses situations logically in terms of cause and effect.

In particular, they may think about the following:

1.Their own thinking.
2.What others are thinking.
3.What others are thinking about them.
4.How ideals can be reached. They criticize society, parents, and even themselves.

Cognitive development means how children think, explore and figure things out. It is the
development of knowledge, skills, problem solving and dispositions, which help children
to think about and understand the world around them. Brain development is part of
cognitive development.
 
Social development
- Adolescent social development is often described as the process of establishing a
sense of identity and establishing a role and purpose. It is an outwards sense of
oneself.

-During these years, adolescents are more open to 'trying on' different behaviors and
appearances to discover who they are and who they want to be.

You might notice that your teen is:

 searching for identity: young people are busy working out who they are and
where they fit in the world. This search can be influenced by gender, peer group,
cultural background, media, school and family expectations
 seeking more independence: this is likely to influence the decisions your child
makes and the relationships your child has with family and friends
 seeking more responsibility, both at home and at school
 looking for new experiences: the nature of teenage brain development means
that teenagers are likely to seek out new experiences and engage in more risk-
taking behaviour. But they’re still developing control over their impulses
 thinking more about “right” and “wrong”: your child will start developing a stronger
individual set of values and morals. Teenagers also learn that they’re responsible
for their own actions, decisions and consequences. They question more things.
Your words and actions shape your child’s sense of ‘‘right’’ and “wrong”
 influenced more by friends, especially when it comes to behaviour, sense of self
and self-esteem
 starting to develop and explore a sexual identity: your child might start to have
romantic relationships or go on “dates”. These are not necessarily intimate
relationships. For some young people, intimate or sexual relationships don’t
occur until later on in life
 communicating in different ways: the internet, cell phones and social media can
significantly influence how your child communicates with friends and learns about
the world. 
In an attempt to find their identity and discover who they are, adolescents are likely to
cycle through a number of identities to find one that suits them best.

Emotional Development
- Emotional development during adolescence involves establishing a realistic and
coherent sense of identity in the context of relating to others and learning to cope
with stress and manage emotions. The way a person thinks and feels about
themselves and others, their inward thoughts, is key to their emotional
development.
-
- Adolescents' emotional development includes developing a realistic and
meaningful sense of self in the context of relating to others, as well as learning
how to handle stress and control emotions. The internal thoughts and feelings
that a person has about themselves and other people are important to their
emotional development.

This stage is more emotional develop to the child lumalabas kanilang mga
esmosyon nag dedevelop at nagmamature and relating to others as learning how
to handle stress and control emotions. The internal thoughts and feelings that a
person has about themselves and other people are important to their emotional
development.

 Shows strong feelings and intense emotions at different times. - Emotions are not
under control Nagpapakita ng matinding damdamin at matinding emosyon sa
iba't ibang panahon. Moods wings might seem unpredictable.
 Children begin to break emotional ties with parents and develop them with
friends.

 Feel self-conscious about their physical appearance. – nagkakaroon ng self-

conscious, especially about physical appearance and changes. Teenage self-
esteem is often affected by appearance or by how teenagers think they look As
they develop, teens might compare their bodies with those of friends and peers
 Displays of empathy also increase during adolescence

 Adolescence young people generally become more aware of their own feelings
and the feelings of others, but these perceptions may still be tenuous. 
-Shows strong feelings and intense emotions at different times.
-Children begin to break emotional ties with parents and develop them with friends.
-Feel self-conscious about their physical appearance. They might also compare their
body with those of friends and peers. Teenage self-esteem is often affected by how
teenagers think they look.
- Boys are less likely to display emotions of fear as girls are.
- Displays of empathy also increase during adolescence
- Adolescence young people generally become more aware of their own feelings and
the feelings of others, but these perceptions may still be tenuous. 

Emotional changes
You might notice that your teen:

 shows strong feelings and intense emotions at different times. Moods might
seem unpredictable. These emotional ups and downs can lead to increased
 conflict. Your child’s brain is still learning how to control and express emotions in
a grown-up way
 is more sensitive to your emotions: young people get better at reading and
processing other people’s emotions as they get older. While they’re developing
these skills, they can sometimes misread facial expressions or body language
 is more self-conscious, especially about physical appearance and changes.
Teenage self-esteem is often affected by appearance - or by how teenagers think
they look. As they develop, teens might compare their bodies with those of
friends and peers
 goes through a “invincible” stage of thinking and acting as if nothing bad could
happen to him. Your child’s decision-making skills are still developing, and your
child is still learning about the consequences of actions.

Developing and demonstrating individual emotional assets such as resilience, self-

esteem and coping skills is heightened during adolescence because of the rapid
changes being experienced.