March 13, 2006

Please note that this workbook is made available for historical purposes only.
A Training Workbook
SECOND EDITION

Developed by: Jacqueline Bradshaw

OPEN
LEARNING "Gopher" by Maureen Witney
AGENCY "WWW" by Sheila Comeau
Electronic Library Network

/
Basic Internet Tools
Jacqueline Bradshaw, Maureen Witney, Sheila Comeau
Electronic Library Network, Open Learning Agency

Second Edition

Print and electronic editions of this document were developed collab~rativel~

by
ELN, SCOET and the OLA.

Earlier versions of this book have been produced in support of hands-on Internet Training Workshops.

Copyright O 1995, 1994 Open Learning Agency

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without permis-
sion in writing from the Manager, Electronic Library Network, Open Learning Agency.

ISBN 1-55162-195-9 Second Edition

Open Learning Agency

4355 Mathissi Place
Burnaby, British Columbia
V5G 4S8

Printed in Canada by the Open Learning Agency

Graphic Design: Mike Quinlan - SCOET
 Training Objectives
An Important Note t o t h e Student
Some conventions

What i s t h e Internet?
lnternet Basics
The lnternet Network
Connecting to the lnternet
Other Networks
Basic Functions and Tools

L o g g i n g i n t o Your L o c a l System
Connecting to the lnternet
What is Logging In?
Terminal Emulation
Checklist of lnformation
INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to a UNIX local host
INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to a VMS local host
INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to your local host
On Your Own
Exercise One: Logging In

l n t r o d u c t i o n t o Telnet
What is Telnet?
Telnet Basics
Typical Command Format
Understanding lnternet Addresses
Checklist of lnformation
Telnet Tips
INSTRUCTIONS: How to Telnet (UNIX)
INSTRUCTIONS: How to Telnet (VMS)
INSTRUCTIONS: How to Telnet
Interesting Public Telnet Hosts
On Your Own
Exercise Two: Telnet

I n t r o d u c t i o n t o Electronic Mail
What is Electronic Mail?
E-Mail Basics
Understanding lnternet E-Mail Addresses
Finding E-Mail Addresses
E-Mail Basic Functions
Content of a typical E-Mail Message:
Checklist of lnformation
E-Mail Tips
INSTRUCTIONS:The ELM E-Mail Program
INSTRUCTIONS: The VMS E-Mail Program
INSTRUCTIONS:The Pine E-Mail Program
INSTRUCTIONS: E-Mail
ON YOUR OWN:
Exercise Three: E-Mail

- -- -

Electronic Library Network

 lntroduction to E-MAIL Discussion Groups
What are E-Mail Discussion Groups?
What you get from E-Mail Discussion Groups
What are LISTSERVS?
Discussion List Basics
Understanding Discussion List Addresses
Checklist of lnformation
Listserv Discussion List Tips
INSTRUCTIONS: Subscribing to Discussion Lists
To subscribe to a discussion list:
To unsubscribe from a discussion list
INSTRUCTIONS: Sending messages to a Discussion List
To send an e-mail message to the list
To read messages from the list
On Your Own
Exercise Four: Discussion Lists

lntroduction to FTP
What is FTP
Anonymous FTP
FTP Basics
ASCll Text Files
Understanding Directories, Files, and File Size
Directories
Recognizing ASCll Text Files
File Size
Directory Information - Recognizing
directories, files and file size
Typical FTP Command Format
Checklist of lnformation
FTP Tips
INSTRUCTIONS: How to FTP (UNIX)
Anonymous FTP Basic lnstructions for UNIX system
Local File Management for UNIX system
INSTRUCTIONS: How to FTP (VMS)
Anonymous FTP Basic lnstructionsfor VMS system
Local File Management for VMS system
INSTRUCTIONS: How to FTP
Anonymous FTP Basic lnstructions
Local File Management
Selected Documents via FTP
On Your Own
Exercise Five: FTP

lntroduction to Gopher

8.# What is Gopher?

Gopher Basics
8B Checklist of Information
Gopher menu items
Text Files
Directory of Items
 Telnet Connections
lndex searches
Tips on lndex Searching
INSTRUCTIONS: Using a typical UNlX gopher
INSTRUCTIONS: Using a typical VMS gopher
INSTRUCTIONS: Using a gopher
INSTRUCTIONS: Typical Gopher lndex searches
Selected Gopher Indexed Resources
List of interesting gopher sites
List of Public Gophers by Telnet
On Your Own
Exercise Six: Gopher

Introduction to the World Wide Web

What is the World Wide Web?
Web Basics
Universal Resource Locators (URLs)
Checklist of Information
Types of Web Resources
Using a Text-based Browser
Using a Graphical Browser
Searching the Web
Tips on Web Searching
List of Interesting Web Sites
On Your Own
INSTRUCTIONS: Using the LYNX Browser
INSTRUCTIONS: Using the Netscape Browser
INSTRUCTIONS: Using Your Browser
Exercise Seven: The World Wide Web
- - -

How to "Get Connected"

What does "being connected mean?
Where to get an Account with lnternet Access
Tips for Selecting a Service Provider
lnternet Service Providers
A List of lnternet Service Providers for the
British Columbia Lower Mainland
Dial-up lnternet Access Providers in Canada
Connecting from a distance
How To Find Out About Internet Resources

Appendix A: lnternet Resource Articles

Appendix B: Library Oriented Discussion Lists
Appendix C: Glossary of Terms

Electronic Library Network iii

Basic Internet Tooh

List of Figures
Figure 1: Typical Telnet Session
Figure 2: Typical E-Mail Message
Figure 3: Typical FTP Session
Figure 4: Typical Gopher Command and Menu
Figure 5: Results of a Gopher "Directory" Menu Item"
Figure 6: Typical Gopher lndex Search Menu Item
Figure 7: Enter Gopher lndex Search Term
Figure 8: Results of Gopher lndex Search
Figure 9: LYNX - Text-based Browser
Figure 10: LYNX - Results of First Link Selection
Figure 11: The Netscape Navigator - Graphical Browser
Figure 12: Netscape - Results of First Link Selection
Figure 13: LYNX - Webcrawler Search Form
Figure 14: LYNX - Results of a Webcrawler Search
Figure 15: Netscape - Webcrawler Search Form
Figure 16: Netscape - Results of a Webcrawler Search

This is an introductory level course originally designed for library personnel and
adapted for faculty with little or no previous experience with the Internet. It does
assume some previous experience in using computers.

B y the e n d of t h e course y o u w i l l :
Understand what the Internet is, what types of resources are available through
the Internet, and what the basic tools are for using and obtaining those
resources.
Understand the concepts required to accomplish the following basic Internet
activities: remote login (telnet), send and receive electronic mail messages
(e-mail), and transfer files (ftp).
Know what an electronic discussion group, or "Listserv" is and how to use
electronic mail to subscribe to and monitor one.
Using common software, practice the above tasks.
Know what Gopher and World Wide Web Software is, and be able to use it
to explore Internet resources and accomplish remote login, file transfer, and
e-mail.
Understand how to apply your knowledge to your own software tools.
Be introduced to some basic Internet resources for library personnel.
Determine appropriate methods and equipment for obtaining access to
Internet connections.
 This workbook is designed to be for hands-on training. It also provides valuable
reference material. Although the examples use specific software which may be
different fiom your own, you will be learning the important concepts, and getting
a chance to experience Internet tools and resources first hand.

Each section contains information about a topic and instruction sheets. The
information will apply no matter what software you use. The instruction sheets
contain specific instructions for two common operating systems, UNIX, and VMS.
There are also blank instruction sheets you can use to create instruction sheets for
your own system. Contact your computer system support or service vendor to find
out how to get these instructions.

Each section also includes an exercise that can be done using your own programs.
As well, lists of some interesting resources have been provided for you. Try them
out.

SOME CONVENTIONS
The workbook consists of information, instructions, and exercises. When you are
to carry out a command, or perform an exercise, the steps to follow will be
numbered. When you are to press a particular key it will appear in angle brackets.

For example: <Enter> means to press the "enter" or "return7'key.

Common keys:
<Bksp> Backspace
Shift key

Space Bar
Enter or Return key
Control key
<Down> Down Arrow Key
<Up> Up Arrow Key

If you are to press two keys at the same time, it will be indicated by the use of a
"+" sign. For example: <Shift>+<C>indicates you should press the letter "c"
while holding down the shift key.

Electronic Library Network v

Basic Internet Tooh
Bait Internet Tooh
 INTERNET BASICS
When you hear people refer to "The Internet", they may actually be referring to
one of three things:

1) The computers and network that make up the Internet;

2) Resources available from computers connected to the network;
3) Tools used to retrieve the resources or communicate with other individuals "on
the Internet": including Telnet, Electronic Mail, and FTl?

The lnternet Network

Technically, the Internet is a Worldwide Network of Computer Networks. At the
beginning of 1994 there were over:

2,000,000 host computers connected to

15,000 networks, 30 million users
in more than 70 countries
The gowth rate for this Network of networks is estimated at over 15% per month!

National Networks
The Foundations of the Internet are the national networks (also called backbones)
which can transmit data at phenomenal rates.

In the US the National Network is called NSFNet (Handles volumes of T3 -

45Mbps that is 45 Million Bits per second)

In Canada the network is called CA*Net (Speed: T 1 or 1Mbps). There is a project

called CANARIE which is examining our Network Infrastructure. They have
recommended an upgrade to T3 lines. CA*Net links with NSFNet in three places.
Our local connection is through Seattle.

Regional Networks
Linking to the national networks are regional networks. For example, in British
Columbia regional service providers include:

BCNet
BC Systems Corporation (CLN, DNet, Provnet)
BC Tel

Connecting to the lnternet

Your local system or network must connect with a regional network in order to be
connected to the Internet. e.g. Simon Fraser University's SFUNet, Vancouver
Public Library's system.

Other Networks
The Internet is not the only "network of networks". There are other international
networks such as Bitnet, Fidonet, both of which are primarily for the exchange of

Electronic Library Network 3

Bmic Internet Tooh

electronic mail.

In order to communicate between these networks, there must be "Gateway"

computers which are connected to more than one network, and can manage the
intercommunications.

BASIC FUNCTIONS AND TOOLS

The Internet uses a series of rules, or protocols that allow different types of
computers to communicate with each other. These protocols are referred to as
TCPIIP (transfer communication protocollinternet protocol).

To use the Internet you must use basic internet tools which comply with the
TCPIIP protocol. These are:

Telnet
Remote Connection with Other Systems for activities such as:
Searching Remote Databases
Searching Library OPACS
Protocol: Telnet, TN3270

Electronic Mail
An electronic messaging system for activities such as:
Direct communication - Send and Receive Messages
Participating in electronic discussions ("ListServs" or Usenet News)
Retrieving Documents by Mail
Protocol: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

A means to locate and transfer files to and from remote locations. Files could
contain:

Documents
Databases
Computer Programs
Sound or Images
Protocol: FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

HTTP
Used to indicate specifically formatted (hypertext) files which can be read using a
World Wide Web browser such as:

LYNX
Mosaic
Netscape
Protocol: H T T P (HyperText Transport Protocol)
NOTE: S o b a r e has been written to accomplish all these tasks for all the common types of
computers available. What the programs look like varies, depending on the environment. Most
UNIX, VMS (VAX), VM (IBM), and DOS (PC) based systems look similar and are "command line"
based. However there are programs available for environments such as Windows and Macintosh
computers which look very different, are ICON based, and use 'point and click" methods.
Electronic Library Network 5
Basic Internet Tooh
 CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
To connect to the Internet Network, you need an account on a computer which is
connected to the Internet Network, and which has the "sofnvare" loaded for use of
Internet tools. This could be your local host mainframe, or it could even be your
P C or Workstation if it has the correct kind of "Internet Connection" (usually via
an Ethernet card to your host) and if it has the required software and Internet
identification.

HAT IS LOGGING IN?

Logging in to a host system is the process of making a connection with the host
computer, and identifying yourself to that system. The connection could be by
physical cabling to a network or by some kind of modem and telephone line, either
from a PC workstation or a terminal. To identify yourself, typically you give your
account ID (sometimes called Login Name or Username) and some kind of
password. Some systems allow a c'public" type of access, in which case the ID is
made publicly available. Otherwise you will want to keep this information
confidential.

Terminal Emulation
When you connect with a host computer, it is usually expecting a specific type of
terminal. Whether you are connecting via a terminal or a workstation, you need to
be able to "emulate" or pretend to be the type of terminal the host is expecting.
Most problems in connecting to hosts are related to not being able to achieve the
proper type of terminal emulation. The most common type of emulation is
"VTlOO", a common, basic type of terminal with few "bells and whistles". IBM
machines commonly expect an IBM "3270" terminal. This is very different from
the VTlOO, so if your host is an IBM, VTlOO will usually not work well.

You must attempt to match the type of emulation you have on your terminal or
workstation to be compatible with the type of terminal the host is expecting.

C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To log in to your local host computer you will need to know:

0 How to turn on your workstation. You may also need to know how to connect
with the local host computer (e.g via a modem and dialup, etc.)
0 Your account ID and password if required.
0 What "terminal emulation" you need to use if YOU are logging in using a PC as
a workstation.
0 How to edit or correct commands as you are entering them.
0 How to log out of or disconnect from your local host.
0 How to turn off your vvorkstation if necessary

Electronic Library Network 7

B&c Internet Tooh

INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to a UNlX local host

Task What you Type Comments

Turn on the Workstation Power on the terminal or

PC

Connect to the Local Host machine name You may have to establish a
direct dial connection, or
you may be automatically
connected. You may have
to identify the specific
machine name with which
you will connect.

Login: yourid <Enter> N.B. Be sure you get upper

and lower case letters exact,
or your ID may not work.

Password: yourpasnuord <Enter> Again be very carefd about

upper and lower case.

Give your terminal Emulation VTlOO <Enter> VTlOO is the usual default.
System Prompt 1:yname-machinename% A UND( prompt usually
ends with a "%"

Logging Out logout <Enter>

Disconnect from host Usually automatic on

logout.

Shut down the workstation Turn off the power

NOTE: If you make a mistake before you complete logging in, you may not be
able to correct it. Continue with the process. W h e n you get a message telling you
that you weren't successful, start at the beginning of the sequence again.

Editing keys
Delete character left of cursor <Deb

Accept and carry out command <Enter> or <Return>

 Logging in to the Local System

INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to a VMS local host

Task What you Type Comments
Turn on the Workstation Power on the terminal or
PC

Connect to the Local Host machine name You may have to establish a
direct dial connection, or
you may be automatically
connected. You may have
to identify the specific
machine name with which
you will connect.

Username: yourid <Enter> N.B. Be sure you get upper

and lower case letters exact,
or your I D may not work.

Password: yourparsword <Enter> Again be very careful about

upper and lower case.

Give your terminal Emulation VTlOO <Enter> VTlOO is the usual default.
(not always required)

System Prompt $ OR YNAME$ A VMS prompt usually

ends with a "$"

Logging Out logout <Enter>

Disconnect from host Usudy automatic on

logout.

Shut down the workstation Turn off the power

~ - ~ - - % ~ ~ n m

NOTE: If you make a mistake before you complete logging in, you may not be
able to correct it. Continue with the process. When you get a message telling you
that you weren't successful, start a t the beginning of the sequence again.

Editing keys
Delete character left of cursor <Bksp>

Accept and carry out command <Enter>or <Return>

Electronic Library Network 9

Basic Internet Tooh

INSTRUCTIONS: How to log in to your local host

Task What you Type Comments
Turn on the Workstation

Connect to the Local Host

Identify yourself

Enter your password

System Prompt

Logging Out

Disconnect from host

Shut down the workstation

NOTE: If you make a mistake before you complete logging in, you may not be
able to correct it. Continue with the process. When you get a message telling you
that you weren't successful, start at the beginning of the sequence again.

Editing keys
Backspace (delete character left of cursor)

Delete (delete current character)

Move cursor:
left
right
Accept and carry out command
 Loging in to the Local System

ON YOUR OWN
I) There is a table on the previous page that can be used to record instructions for
your own system. To get the information required, check with your computer
systems support, or your service provider.
2) Practice logging in to your own account. (See "Exercise One: Logging In" in
this chapter).

For those without Internet Access:

Refer to the section in the workbook on "How to Get Connected" to Internet
tools & resources.

Exercise One: Logging In

.....<...2.,... .
,g,
%
,<
,..

,,J Y:.
You will need a system Password & Id to log in. If you do not have an account, see
..< ,,,,<.-, "..,
*,. ,
your system administrator.

ID:
Password:

1) Connect to the host.

2) At the "login" prompt type your I D & press the <Enter> key
3) At the "password" prompt type your password & press the <Enter> key.
Remember: If a mistake is made before you complete logging in, you may not
be able to correct it. Just continue the sequence. You will get a message telling
you that your password didn't match, and you will have to start over with your
login ID.
4) You may be asked for a terminal type. [VTlOO] is usually the default.
5) You may see a various system messages. If you do, follow any instructions on
your screen.
6) You should now be at the system prompt. Log out by typing your system's
logout command.

Electronic Library Network 11

BdsiC Internet Took
Basic Internet Tooh
 WHAT IS TELNET?
Telnet is the "protocol" or set of rules used on the Internet for connecting to
another computer (known as the "remote host") and logging in to that system.
Telnet is often referred to as "remote login7'. Telnet also often refers to the software
program used to carry out the task.

TELNET BASICS
To make a Telnet connection, issue your local telnet command followed by the
Internet "address" of the remote host computer with which you wish to connect.

Typical Command Format

TELNET address

TELNET (to start up the telnet program on your local "host" computer)

OPEN address

NOTE: Some systems (e.g. Unix) require that you enter all commands in lower
case letters.

Electronic Library Network 15

Basic Internet Took

.-....... -. -,-. .. Figure 1 : Typical Telnet Session

Trying 134.87.26.6 ...

Connected to mala.bc.ca.

Escape character is 'A]'.

Malaspina University-College Computer Services MicroVAX 31 00 (MALINS)

* UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS PROHIBITED

Terminal type?

..................... MA CA T Version 3.2 ===============

Malaspina University-College has the following options currently available:

1: Malaspina College Library Catalogue

2: Malaspina College Library Reserve Collection
3: Malaspina College Library Plays Index
4: Malaspina UniversityICollege Calendars Collection

..............
.............
.........
...........
..........
.....
.........
::::<::f&
Enter the number of your choice or Q to quit: .....
...................
:.:... . . .

Connection closed by foreign host.

%

NOTE: Remember Macintosh and Windows based systems look very different as
they are usually menu driven and use graphics and a mouse to activate commands.
However, all Telnet programs do the same thing - make a connection with a remote
host computer using the TELNET protocols.
 Introdaction to Tenet

Understanding Internet Addresses

"Domain-Based" Addressing
Every network host on the Internet is given an address. T h e host is referred to as a
"domain", it's address is a "domain name". Individual machines attached to the
host's network may be given "sub-domain" names.
CA*Net (Canada) Conventions:
Usually the organization, province and country:
e.g. 0LA.BC.CA
Occasionally just the organization and country: e.g.

US Domain Conventions:
COM Commercial
EDU Educational Institution (e.g. MIT.EDU)
GOV U.S. Government
MIL U.S. Military
NET Gateways and administrative hosts
ORG Organizations which fit none of the above
(e.g. CARLORG)

Other Countries:
e.g. AU-Australia; FR- France; UK-United Kingdom

Internet Numbers
"Domain Names" actually represent numeric addresses. You may hear the term IP
address. This refers to the Internet Protocol numeric address for each machine:

Names are usually used because they are easier to remember!

Electronic Library Network 17

Bmic Internet Took

C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To use your local telnet program, you should know

How to issue your telnet command locally.

Your local telnet "break" or escape key to terminate a connection that has
"hung up". This "TELNET BREAK" sequence closes your telnet connection
to the remote "host" without ending the session on your local host. A
common escape sequence is <Ctrl>+<]>. If this sequence does not work for
you then you should contact your system administrator to find out the correct
sequence.
How to exit your local telnet program. Some automatically terminate when
you exit the remote site, others require you to issue some type of "Quit"
instruction.
What type of terminal emulation capabilities your system has.

What you will need to telnet to a remote host:

0 The Internet address of the remote host you want to connect with.
0 Any login instructions, ID'S passwords, etc. that may be required.
0 What type of terminal emulation the remote host requires (usually vt100).
0 Information about how to use the system once you are there (often available
once you have connected via online help).
0 Information about how to exit the remote host you are connecting with (ofcen
displayed as you log in to the system).
 TELNET TIPS
1) Be patient: you are connecting to hosts which may be slow to respond,
or over lines which are heavily used. Remember, speed is a relative thing!
......
2) Don't press keys indiscriminately. You may get yourself into command
sequences you didn't anticipate, with no way to know how to get out.
3) Your connection may be refused for a variety of reasons:
All public access points to the site may be in use;
Their system is "down";
Some network connections are not functioning;
Your own host computer may not be able to verify the address;
If you really need to get in, try again later.

4) Not all sites allow everyone in. You may have an address, but not an account,
and therefore not be allowed to use the service. O r you may get limited access
to services. Be prepared for this. Not everything on the Internet is free!
5 ) Some systems will not be compatible with the equipment you are using.
Remember, you are trying to act like a "terminal" on the host system (also
known as "terminal emulation"). Most sites will expect a VTlOO terminal
emulation. Some can support a variety of terminal types. Your software may
also be flexible in the type of terminal you can emulate.
Keep in mind that you are connecting to the remote host through your local
host. Even if you can select the correct terminal emulation at your
workstation, the key codes may not be translated correctly by your local host.
If you connect with a site and the screen display is jumbled, or you get
instructions to use keys not on your keyboard, the best thing to do is
disconnect. Try some other service, or see below for how to deal with an IBM
environment.
6) IBM environments often only support a TN3270 terminal emulation. Your
system may have a special program called TN3270 that you need to use instead
of the Telnet command when connecting to an IBM computer. If you are
connecting from an IBM system, conversely, you will need special software to
converse with the rest of the world, TNVT100.
7) Be prepared for your editing keys (Backspace, Delete, etc.) not to work, or to
work differently than you expect. Try also using cursor control keys and the
spacebar to correct errors.
8) If you do get stuck, try to follow a sequence of "escapes":
i. Use the remote system's Exit command. If you do not know it, or it
doesn't seem to be working, try any of: STOP, BYE, EXIT, Quit, Logoff,
Logout, Hangup.
ii. Use your local system's Telnet Break command
iii. Emergency break of your own connection.

Electronic Library Network 19

Basic Internet Tooh

INSTRUCTIONS: How to Telnet (UNIX)

Task What You Type Comments

Start Telnet Session telnet address You should see a message

e.g.
- "connecting.. ."
telnet eln.bc.ca

End Telnet Session Automatic on exit You should be returned to

from remote host your local system prompt

Telnet Break <Ctrl>+] Back to telnet> prompt

Quit <Enter> Back to system prompt

INSTRUCTIONS: How t o Telnet (VMS)

- -

Task What You Type Comments

Start Telnet Session telnet d r e s s You should see a message
e.g. "Trying.. ."
telnet eln.bc.ca

End Telnet Session Automatic on exit You should be returned to

from remote host your local system prompt

Telnet Break <Ctrl>+ [ <Enter> Back to system prompt

INSTRUCTIONS: How t o Telnet

Task What you type Comments
Start Telnet Session

End Telnet Session

Telnet Break
 Introduction to Tenet

Interesting Public Telnet Hosts

Telnet Host Address Login
ELN Database Server e1n.bc.a
(includes access to the
UBC catalogues)

SFU Databases 1ibrary.sh.a SFULIB

Carnosun College OPAC amcat.camosun.bc.ca catinq

Malaspina College OPAC mala.bc.ca macat

Brandon University OPAC library.brand0nu.a libcat

(combined with periodical
index!)

University of Northern B.C. 1ibrary.unbc.edu library

Vancouver Regional Freenet freenet.vancouver.bc.ca guest

Vancouver Public Library vpl.vancouver.bc.a login: netpac

password: netpacl

Victoria Freenet freenet.victoria. bc.a guest

CARL Uncover database.carl.org

(Table of contents database
of 14,000 journal titles)

Dartmouth University 1ib.dartmouth.edu

(Full Text Databases)
Try these commands:
select file shakespeare
sonnets
or
select file shakespeare plays

Library of Congress locis.loc.gov

Weather information hermes.merit.edu Which host?

UM-Weather

Melvyl, the Union catalogue melvyl.ucop.edu

of nine University of
California campuses

Anything you find in the

Hytelnet directory.

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, these addresses are subject to change.
They were valid as of 09/95)

Electronic Library Network 21

Basic Internet Tooh

ON YOUR OWN
1) Contact your computer systems people or service provider for instructions on
how to TELNET from your location. Fill in the Instructions table with your
own information.
2) Do "Exercise Two: Telnet" in this chapter.
3) Explore more sites on the "Interesting Public Telnet Hosts" list.

Exercise Two: Telnet

If any of the connections below does not work, simply try another.

If you have trouble disconnecting from any of the sites, use your system's Telnet
"Break" sequence:

Task A
1) Telnet to the Malaspina College OPAC:
telnet mala.bc.ca <enter>
2) The login name is MACXT. Enter it when prompted for "username:".
MACAT <enter>
3) Write down any instructions for exiting and getting help.
4) Explore the online help
5) Exit from the OPAC using the exit information you have written down.

Task B
-
Telnet to CARL Uncover a database of the table of contents of over 15,000
journals:
telnet database.carl.org <enter>
When you get to the resource menu, the menu item to select is:
1 - the Uncover database.
Write down any instructions for exiting and getting help.
You will be asked numerous questions after you choose Uncover. Simply
continue to press the <enter> key to ignore all "account" messages.
Exit from the database using the exit information you have written down.

Task C
1) Telnet to a Union catalogue of California university campus libraries:
telnet melvyl.ucop.edu <enter>
2) Enter your terminal type: this "vt100" should work fine.
3) Press enter to select a database to search or explore the online help by typing
"help."
 Introduction to Telnet

Task D
1) Telnet to the Victoria Freenet:
telnet freenet.victoria.bc.ca <enter>
2) The login name is "guest". Enter it when prompteci for "login:"
guest <enter>
3) Write down any instructions for exiting and getting help.
4) Explore the online help.
5) Exit from the Freenet using the exit information you have written down.
Further Exploration:
Connect to any of the sites listed in Useful and Interesting Telnet Sites.
Feel free to explore.

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, the above Internet addresses are subject to
change. They were valid as of 09/95)

Electronic Library Network 23

Basic Internet Took

Notes
Electronic Library Network 25
Basic Internet Tooh
 WHAT IS ELECTRONIC MAIL?
Electronic Mail (e-mail) is a computer-based system for exchange of messages and
other information. It features rapid, easy to use, and inexpensive communications.
There is no need for participants to be "online" at the same time. Mail is sent to
the "host" computer at your recipient's site, and is available to that user when they
"log on" to their system and activate their e-mail program. Similarly, you can
receive and answer your mail at a time convenient to you.

If your system interconnects with the Internet, you can now communicate with
literally millions of people in over 70 countries throughout the world.

E-MAIL BASICS
E-Mail Programs vary widely. Like Telnet programs, they are available for all types
of computer systems. Some common e-mail programs are: PINE, ELM, VMS
mail, Eudora, NU-Pop, etc.

Though individual commands may vary with the specific E-mail program, the
basic functions are the same.

Understanding Internet E-Mail Addresses

Internet E-Mail Addresses take the following form:
[email protected]
e.g. [email protected]

"at" "dot" ''dot"

Your UserlD. / Your region.*

*Alternatively, these may
Your institution, be one of the "domains"
organization or company. I listed on page 17.

Finding E-Mail Addresses

There is no one central registry of existing e-mail addresses. The simplest way to
find someone's e-mail address is to phone or write them and ask. Or, if you receive
a message from them, their address will be included in the message.

The B.C. Colleges and Institutes searchable electronic mail directory is accessible
via the Camosun College Gopher by typing: gopher gopher.camosun.bc.ca

Other methods for attempting to find e-mail addresses are beyond the scope of this
introductory workbook.

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Basic Internet Took

E-Mail Basic Functions

Send a message.
Read an incoming message.
Reply to the sender of a message.
Forward a message to another address.
Print your messages.
Delete messages that are no longer required.

Content of a typical E-Mail Message:

For a message you are sending, you will need to provide at least the following:

To: Address to which the message is being sent

Subject: The subject of the message (you could leave this out).

Text: The body of the message

Your program may ask you for other information, such as who to send copies to
(CC:), but further information is optional.

Figure 2: Typical E-Mail Message

To:
CC:
Subj:

Enter your message below. Press CTRLIZ when complete, or CTRLIC to quit:
 C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To use your local e-mail program, you should know:
0 How to start your e-mail program.
0 How to perform simple e-mail functions: Send, Read, Print, Reply, Forward,
Delete.
0 The address(es) of individual(s) with whom you wish to correspond.
0 How to quit your e-mail program.

E-MAIL TIPS
1) Always sign your name somewhere in the body of the message, especially if
your I D is numeric or cryptic. It may not appear on the message header when
the message is received.
2) DON'T USE ALL CAPITALS. It looks like you are SHOUTING!!!
3) Think before you send a message. There is no way to retrieve it once it's on its
way. Send in haste, repent in leisure!

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Basic Internet Took

INSTRUCTIONS: The ELM E-Mail Program

Task What you type Comments
Start E-mail elm <Enter> If you have any messages,
they will be listed.

Send a Message <m>

Send the message to: y@[email protected] Address of recipient.

Subject of message: yrmessuge subject If you don't give a subject,

<Enter> be asked if you redly
want to send the message.
Just say <y>

Copies to: [email protected] This is optional.

Enter message Type your message as

desired. Press <Enter> at
the end of every line.
Correct current line only
with <Deb.

End of message Move to a blank line:

<.> <Enter> (This is a period)
When asked to choose:
Send the message <Enter> S)end is the default.
Cancel sending <F> F)orget cancels.

Select a specific message Move highlight <Up> or

<Down> to message

Read a selected message <Enter>

Next screen <Sp>
Back to messages <i>

Print a selected message <P > How to get a printout will

vary. Check with your
computing services.

Reply to a selected message <r>

Copy message ( ~ l n ) <n> Do not include the message
in your reply.
Subject of message: <Enter> Subject is given. Proceed as
for regular message.

Forward selected message <f> Proceed as for regular

Edit outgoing message <n> message.

Delete selected message <d> Message is marked to be

deleted when you exit.

Quit <'I>
Delete messages 9" If any are marked.
Move read to received <n> Back to system prompt.
 Introduction to Electronic Mail

INSTRUCTIONS: The VMS E-Mail Program

Task What you type Comments
Start E-mail mail <Enter> If you have any messages,
they will be listed.

Send a message <SZ

Send the message to: '[email protected]" Address of recipient in
<Enter> quotes
Subject of message: ymzessage subject If you don't want to give a
<Enter> subject, just press <enter>.
Copies to: [email protected] This is optional.
<Enter>
Enter message Type your message as
desired. Press <Enter> at
the end of every line.
Correct current line only
with <Bksp>.

End of Message <CTL> + <Z>

To quit without sending <CTL> + <C>

a message

Look at a directory of DIR <Enter> Lists messages in current

your messages directory ( N E W L is
default directory).

Read a selected message # <Enter>

Next screen <Enter> Type the number of the
message you wish to read.

List messages already read DIR MAIL <Enter> Lists all old messages
but not deleted

Return to unread mail DIR NEWMAIL <Enter> Lists only unread messages.

Print a selected message P <Enter> How to get a printout will

vary. Check with your
computing services.

Reply to a selected message R <Enter>

Subject of message: <Enter> Subject is given. Proceed as
for regular message.

Forward selected message F <Enter> Proceed as for regular

message. Message is sent
after you enter the subject.

Delete selected message D <#> Message deleted

Quit Exit Back to system prompt

P w P P w P ' -

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INSTRUCTIONS: The Pine E-Mail Program

Task What you type Comments
Start E-mail pine <Enter> Main Menu.
<i> If you have any messages,
they will be listed.

Compose a message ccr

To: [email protected] Address of recipient.
<Enter>
Cc: [email protected] Carbon copies. This is
optional.
<Enter>
Attchment: <Enter> This is optional.
Subject: yrmessage subject <Enter>
Message text: Your message. Type your message as
desired. There is no need
to press <Enter> at the end
of every line.

Send the message

Send message? <pis the default.

Cancel message ~ C t r l z+<c>

Cancel? <F <n> is the default.

Select a specific message Move highlight <Up> or

<Down> to message

Read selected message <Enter> <v> is the default command

Next screen
Previous screen This is a hyphen.
Back to messages <i>

Print selected message < p or <1> Varies - check your menu.

Print message? <Enter> The default is to print.
Your computing services
can tell you how to get a
printout.

Reply to a selected message

Include original message? <n> is the dehult.
Subject is given.
Proceed as for regular
message.

Forward selected message <f> Proceed as for regular

message.

Delete selected message cd> Message is marked to be

deleted when you exit.
Undelete previously marked <u> Message will not be deleted.

Quit <'I> <pis the default.

Really quite Pine? <Enter> If any were marked.
Expunge the deleted messages? <Enter> <pis the dehult.
Return to system prompt.
 Introduction to Electronic M a i l

INSTRUCTIONS: E-Mail
Task What you type Comments
Start E-Mail

Send a Message

End of Message

Cancel a Message

Read a Message

Print a Message

Reply to a Message

List Messages

Delete Message

Quit

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ON YOUR OWN:
Get information on how to use your own e-mail program. This could be a
handout prepared by your computing systems, or merely instructions for
starting your program & getting online help.
Fill in the blank e-mail instruction sheet with instructions for your e-mail
program.
Do "Exercise Three: E-Mail" in this chapter.
Practise sending messages to a colleague. (Remember - get the e-mail address
by phoning or writing your colleague, or give them your address and get them
to send you a message. Their address will appear in the "From" field of the
header of the message they send.)

Exercise Three: E-Mail

For this task you will need the e-mail address of a colleague or partner.

Start up your e-mail program.

Send a message to your colleague. (Or to yourself!)
You should be prompted at least for the address of the individual you wish to
send the message to, and the subject of the message.
Type your message.
Exit message creation and send the message
Ask your colleague to send you a message. (Or send yourself a message!) Read
the message when you receive it.
Send a reply to the message.
Forward a message to your colleague.
Print this same message.
Delete the message you have just printed.
Exit from the e-mail program.
Electronic Library Network 35
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 WHAT ARE E-MAIL
DISCUSSION GROUPS?
Electronic mail discussion groups are usually lists or services where many people
contribute information via electronic mail, and where anyone who subscribes to the
service can read and reply to the messages. There are two main types: E-Mail Lists
(often called Listservs for the software program that supports them), and Network
News or Usenet News.

For both types of lists, you must subscribe to the service. However, with "Usenet
News" your local institution or Internet service provider must subscribe to a "News
Feed" which sends many megabytes of messages on a regular basis. You only get
the messages when you activate your "news reader". With Listservs, you subscribe
individually to the discussion list. As messages are sent to the list, they are
forwarded directly to your e-mail address. Whenever you activate your e-mail
program they are there for you to read.

There are advantages to each type of program. The most important difference is
that you need "institutional support" to get Usenet News "feeds", but you can
always participate in Listservs if you have an Internet e-mail address. We will focus
on Listservs in this course. (NOTE: Organizations that may subscribe to the
News feeds are: universities, colleges or freenets.)

W h a t you get from E-Mail

Discussion Groups
1) General information on the topic of the list.
2) Answers to specific questions you may send.
3) News on what else is going on of interest to subscribers of that list: new lists,
sites to telnet to, files to retrieve, etc.
4) Some electronic journals "publish" via Listservs.
5 ) Notices of conferences that may be of interest.

HAT ARE LISTSERVS?

Listservs are electronic Discussions supported by the LISTSERV S o h a r e . There
are a few varieties of this program around, but they are all very similar. Most
Listservs started out as BITNET lists, but fortunately many are now also available
through the Internet. There are lists available on every topic imaginable.

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DISCUSSION LIST BASICS

There are two parts to communicating with a discussion list:

1) The "administrative" aspects for which you must communicate with the
Listserv program; e.g. when you wish to subscribe to a list or unsubscribe from
a list; or request Help or "archived documents" from a list .There are many
advanced Listserv operations such as searching for and retrieving archived
documents from a list which are beyond the scope of this workbook..
2) The communication with other people subscribed to the list, i.e. reading and
sending mail. In order to do this, you must send messages to the list itself.

Understanding Discussion List Addresses

Discussion list addresses take the following form:

[email protected] (for list administration)

or
[email protected] (for sending messages to list members)

e.g. [email protected](the administrative address)

[email protected] (the Discussion List address)
If you see an address like "listserv@machine" it is likely to be a BITNET address,
and is more complicated to send mail to. If you have the choice, always use the
full Internet address.

e.g. GOVDOC-L@PSUVM is a BITNET address

[email protected] is an Internet address.
NOTE: Some discussion list programs are slightly different than the "listserv"
program. Follow the instructions for addressing exactly as you see on any
information for the list. For example, some administrative programs are called
"listproc," (for "List Processor") and you have to address your administrative
correspondence to an address like: [email protected]

C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To subscribe to a discussion list you need:

0 The address of the machine on which the discussion list is managed.

0 Information on how to address the discussion list adminitrative program (e.g.
Iistserv or listserver).
0 The name of the list to which you would like to subscribe.
 LISTSERV DISCUSSION LIST TIPS
The list you subscribe to may be more or less active than others.
However, you should receive confirmation that you have indeed
subscribed. If you do not get at least this, you should try again. If all
else fails, send a message to the listowner describing your problem (usually
the address is given when you get the information about the list).
Before you send a message to the list ask yourself if it is likely to be of interest
to all the list subscribers (remember, thousands of people may be subscribed to
this list). If you are replying to a message posted by an individual, it may be
more appropriate to reply directly to that individual, whose address should be
included in their message.
When you do send a message to a list, make sure you include your NAME
and E-MAIL address in the body of the message. This information does not
necessarily show up automatically on everyone's e-mail programs.
If you have a question for the list, consider whether everyone on the list will be
interested in the reply, or whether you should specify in your message that
people should reply directly to you, rather than the list.
Some lists are "moderated" - that is to say, there is an "editorial board" who
decides whether a message gets posted. You may find that messages you send
do not get posted for one reason or another.
If your e-mail address changes, or you will no longer be at that address, please
remember to unsubscribe fiom the list, so there will not be returned mail for
the list administrator to deal with.
If for some reason your system cannot receive mail for more than 3 days (for
example, a network connection is down in your area), you may be
automatically "unsubscribed" from the list. Wait a reasonable amount of time
after your service has been restored to see if you get any mail. If not, you may
have to subscribe to the list again.

INSTRUCTIONS: Subscribing to Discussion Lists

To subscribe to a discussion list:

Send an E-Mail message to the listserv program at the appropriate address, with the
subject field blank, and the SUBSCRIBE or (SUB) command as the text of the
message.

Format:
TO: [email protected]
SUBJECT:

SUB listname yourhame yourlname

TO: [email protected]
SUBJECT:

SUB PACS-L Jacqueline Bradshaw

- --

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To unsubscribe from a discussion list

Send a message to the listserv program with the SUBJECT field blank, and the
UNSUBSCRIBE (or UNSUB) command as the text of the message.

TO: [email protected]
SUBJECT:

UNSUBSCRIBE 1'lstname

TO: [email protected]
SUBJECT:

UNSUB PACS-L

INSTRUCTIONS: Sending messages to a Discussion List

To send an e-mail message to the list

Using your e-mail program, send a message to the Discussion list at the appropriate
address with the message you wish to include:

TO: [email protected]
Subject: whatever

The text of your message

TO: PACS-L@UHUPVMl .UHU.EDU

SUBJECT: A fascinating message about librarians

TEXT: whatever you wish to say.

To read messages from the list

You will receive messages in your email box automatically. Read the messages
according to your e-mail program's instructions for reading any message.

ON YOUR OWN
1) Do "Exercise Four: Discussion Lists" in this chapter.
2) Check out the Usenet News lists through a local freenet or try the Victoria
Freenet (telnet freenet.victoria.bc.ca); under Library & Information Services,
News Stand (Usenet News).
 E-MAILDiscussion Groups

Exercise Four: Discussion Lists

For this exercise, you must be in your e-mail program. Start it up if necessary.

Task 1
There is a discussion list dealing with issues of interest to Business Librarians.
The name of the list is "BUSLIB-L". Its address is idbsu.idbsu.edu. Send a
message to the Listserv requesting to subscribe.
Proceed as for sending an e-mail message.

To: [email protected]
Subject: (leave this blank)

Message:
SUB BUSLIB-L yfname ylname
Read any messages you receive for a day or two.
Send a message to [email protected] requesting to unsubscribe from
BUSLIB-L.

Task 2
1) [email protected] is a discussion list which posts among other
things, positions available. Send a message to the Listserv requesting to
subscribe.
Proceed as for sending an e-mail message.

To: [email protected]
Subject: leave this blank
Message:
SUB ACRLNY-L y-fname ylname
2) Read any messages you receive for a day or two.
3) Send a message to [email protected] requesting to unsubscribe from
ACRLNY-L

Further Exploration:
Review the excerpt fiom "Library Oriented Electronic Conferences" in Appendix
B, or follow the instructions there to get lists for other subject areas. Subscribe to
one or two lists.

There are also a variety of discussion list directories available. Check out the ELN's
gopher server at: infoserv.uvic.ca under "Electronic Library Resources" for the
"Directory of Scholarly Electronic Conferences." (For information on how to use
Gopher, see Section 7.)

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, the above Discussion List addresses are
subject to change. Consult the latest version of the Directory of Electronic
Discussion lists. For instructions on how to get this list, see Appendix B.)

Electronic Library Network 41

Basic Internet Tooh
Electronic Library Network 43
Bdsic Internet Took
 WHAT IS FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is the method for transferring files of data fiom one
computer to another using Internet Protocols.

Anonymous FTP
Many systems allow you to transfer files without having an account or I D on the
remote system. This is known as "Anonymous FTP". When prompted for your
login name, you give "anonymous", and for password, you give your e-mail
address. There are over 1,000,000 files available throughout the world through
anonymous FTP, including documents and programs, that can be used by all types
of computers and operating systems.

A Special FTP Tool

An important tool has been developed to search for files at "Anonymous FTP"
sites, called ARCHIE. ARCHIE is an advanced Internet resource and beyond the
scope of this introductory workbook.

FTP BASICS
Files are stored in directories at the remote host site. In order to get a file, you
must connect to the remote host and login, change to the directory which contains
the file, and ask to get the file. Once you are done, you must terminate your
session.

ASCII Text Files

At this introductory level, you will learn how to transfer plain text files, sometimes
referred to as files in "ASCII" format.

Some files are "compressed" - that is condensed for more efficient storage. Program
files also need special consideration to transfer and use. These types of files are
dealt with at a more advanced level.

You may hear of the terms "ASCII" and "BINARY" in relation to file transfers. In
this workbook, because you will be doing transfers of text files, you will be
transferring files in "ASCII" format. You don't have to do anything special to have
this type of file transferred. Binary mode is used for those compressed and program
files. You usually have to indicate when you want this type of file transfer.

Understanding Directories, Files,

and File Size

Directories
Files are commonly organized by storing them in "directories". These are
organizational units usually containing files which are related - e.g. files containing
basic Internet guides, files on document delivery services, etc. These directories

-
- -

Electronic Library Network 45

Basic Internet Tooh

may be hrther divided into "subdirectories". Directories and subdirectories are

usually indicated by the use of the "1" character.

e.g. /pub (a directory named "pub" usually stands for public)

/pub/internet-res-guides (a subdirectory of guides in the pub directory)

Note that directory names may be very short, or very long, but you must be very
careful to type them exactly as they are displayed - including matching upper and
lower case.

Recognizing A S C l l Text Files

Files are the units which contain the data. Usually you can tell from the filename
extenstion what type of file you are looking at. Generally, if there is no extension,
or if the extension is .txt or .asc, the file is an ASCII text file. If you are not sure,
see if there is an INDEX or README file that describes the available files - these
are always text files. Otherwise, get the file and try to view it. If you can't, it
probably wasn't a text file.

Examples of probable text files:

INFNETNEWS5 .TXT

File Size
Before you transfer a file it is extremely important to know how large that file is!
Some files available over the Internet are hundreds of pages long. They will take a
long time to transfer, and you may not have enough local file storage space to
accommodate them.

Directory Information - Recognizing directories, files

a n d file size
To find information about directories, files, and the file size, you need to do a file
"list" of the directory at the remote site (see the Instructions Table for instructions
on how to do this). When you do, you should see information in a similar format
to the following (but you won't see the headings!):
Security Ownership Size DateITime Fileneme
w-r-r- 1 nic m e r i t 21219 Feb 1 1 02:30 INDEX
w-r-r- 1 nic m e r i t I6326 Oct 22 23:l8 READ.ME
d r w x r - s r - x 2 nic m e r i t 512 Sep 15 1992 acceptable. use
d r w x r - s r - x 3 nic m e r i t 51 2 Nov 30 21:04 internet.tools
w-r-r- 5 nic m e r i t 71 16 M a y 27 1993 internet.biblio
w-r-r- 1 nic m e r i t 91214 Jul 28 1992 intr0.to.i~

You will note the first part of the file listing shown above has a series of letters and
dashes. All you need to know about for now is the first one. If it is a "-" it means
the item is a file. If it is a "d" the item indicates a directory The name of the file
or directory is given at the far right of the listing. So, "acceptable.use" is a
subdirectory of the current directory, while "INDEX" and "intro.to.ip" are files.
 Introduction to FTP

The size o f the file i s indicated b y the number to the left o f the date. The file
INDEX i s 21219 bytes in size, or 2 1kbytes. This i s a fairly manageable file size.
Note "intro.to.ipm which i s 91K. Depending o n your system this could take several
minutes to transfer!

Typical FTP Command Format

FTP machine.address
or
F T P (to invoke the FTP program o n your local "host" computer)
O P E N machine.address

NOTE: Macintosh and Windows based systems look very different. However,
once you get t o the remote host, you will be performing the same functions.

...-- -....... Figure

- 3: Typical FTP Session
..

% ftp sluaxa.slu.edu
Connected to sluaxa.slu.edu.
220 sluaxa.slu.edu FTP server (OSFII Version 5.60) ready.
Name (sluaxa.slu.edu:bradshaw):
anonymous
331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
Password: bradshawQola.bc.ca
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.

250 CWD command successful.

ftp> c d millesjg
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> dir
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for Ibinlls
(1 28.1 89.32.21,4482).
total 556
I956 2 2 1 4 9 1 6 Ju1 20 1 6 : 5 3 MailServer.com
I956 2 2 1 5 6 7 7 5 May 1 8 10.29 interlaw.txt
1956 2 2 317044 May 1 8 1 0 . 2 9 inter1aw.w~
I956 22 1491 6 Jul 1 7 1 0 . 2 3 mailser.cmd
1956 2 2 17741 Jut 1 7 1 2 : 4 1 newusers.faq
d r w x r - x r - x 2 1956 2 2 5 1 2 Jun 07 0 9 : 1 4 training
d r w x r - x r - x 2 1956 2 2 5 1 2 Jul 0 5 0 8 : 3 4 workshop
226 Transfer complete
ftp> get newusersfaq 1nterFAQ.txt
local: InterFAQ.txt remote: newusers.faq

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Basic Internet %oh

200 PORT command successful.

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for newusers.faq
(128.1 89.32.21,4504) (.
226 Transfer complete.
17741 bytes received in 4.08 seconds (4.25 Kbytesls)

ftp> quit

221 Goodbye.
%

Checklist of Information
To use your local FTP program you should know:

0 How to issue your FTP command.

Your local FTP "break" key to terminate a stalled connection.
0 How to exit your FTP program. Some automatically terminate when the
connection is broken. Others require you to issue some kind of "quit"
instruction.
0 How to manipulate your files locally. At minimum you should know: how to
display your file directory; how to view a file online; how to print a file; how
to delete a file.

To use the remote FTP site you will need:

0 The address you wish to connect with.

D Your own e-mail address
0 The directory in which the file you wish to retrieve is located.
0 The name of the file you wish to retrieve.
 FTP TIPS
1) Although it's called "anonymous FTP", it is considered good manners
to use your e-mail address in place of a password during the login process.
.:....

2) FTP can place a great load on the resources of the remote computer, and slow
down the response time for that system's regular users. Try to do your FTP'ing
aker normal business hours for that site.
3) Look for README or index files on the remote host which will explain what
is available in directories.
4) Not all systems use the same rules for naming files. To be safe, when
transferring files, give the file a name with no more than eight characters, with
an extension no more than three characters (eg. myfile.txt; yourfile.zip)
5) Type the filename to "get" exactly as it is displayed. Most file names are "case
sensitive". This means you must type upper and lower case letters exactly as
they appear.
6) Not all files are useful on all systems. Some program files have been written
only for certain types of operating systems or computers, and will be of no use
on other types of systems.
7 ) Check your file size before transferring. If it is very large, it may take a long
time to transfer, or may use up more disk space than you have available, and
you may have to terminate your session before the file is completely
transferred.
8) Files move around on host sites. Host sites come & go. Don't be surprised if
something you go to retrieve isn't there any more, or the site doesn't exist any
more. You can use the DIR or LS command to look around. Also check the
README or INDEX files (see point #3) although these are not always up to
date either.
9) If you have the FTP prompt (FTP>), but are having difficulty logging in, or
are not sure where you are in the process, you can always issue the "quit"
command and start again.

Electronic Library Network 49

Basic Internet Took

INSTRUCTIONS: How to FTP (UNIX)

--

Anonymous FTP Basic Instructions for UNIX system

Task What you type ExamplelComments
Start FTP program FTP d r e s s <enter> FTP e1n.bc.a <Enter>

Connect Failed, try again FTP>

(at FTP> prompt) open address <enter> FTP> open e1n.bc.a

Login ID& Password anonymous <Enter> anonymous <Enter>

[email protected] <Enter> [email protected]
<Enter>

Login Failed, try again user anonymous <Enter> Using "user anonymous"
[email protected] <Enter> starts the process over again.
If this fails, Quit and start
over.

Change directory cd dir <Enter>

cd dirhubdir <Enter> cd /pub/etexts<Enter>

Display files in directory:

File names only 1s <Enter> (file names only)
Names,date, size dir <Enter>

Change directory back up cdup <Enter> Try any of them to see

one level cd .. <Enter> which one works at the
cd [-I remote site.
---

Get a file:
same name locally get j2ename <Enter> get infofile.txt <Enter>
renamed locally get filename new&me get lg-name-0.txt name.txt
<Enter> <Enter>

Close the FTP session quit <Enter>

Abort the session <Ctrl>+<C><Enter>

Local File Management for UNIX system

Task What you type ExamplelComments
Display your file directory 1s -1 <Enter> lists directory information
in the "long" form,
including file size

Read a file more fiame <Enter> more myfile.txt <Enter>

Next page <Sp>
Cancel reading <Q>
Print a file lpr fiame <Enter>

Delete a file rm fiame <Enter> . delete myfile.txt <Enter>

w m . . m- - < . X p -
 Introduction to FTP

INSTRUCTIONS: How to FTP (VMS)

Anonymous FTP Basic Instructions for VMS system

Task What you
. type
. Example/Comments
Start FTP program FTP address <enter> FTP e1n.bc.a <Enter>

Connect Failed, try again

(at FTP> prompt) open address <enter> FTP> open e1n.bc.a
Login ID: user anonymous <Enter> user anonymous <Enter>
Password: name@phce.&c.ca<Enter> [email protected]&.ca
<Enter>

Login Failed, try again user anonymous <Enter> Using "user anonymousn
[email protected] <Enter> starts the process over again.
If this fails, Quit and start
over.

Change directory cd dir <Enter> cd /pub

cd dir/subdir <Enter> cd /pub/etexts<Enter>

Display files in directory:

File names only 1s <Enter> (file names only) These may vary at the
Names,date, size dir <Enter> remote site.

Change directory back cdup <Enter> Try any of them to see

up one level cd .. <Enter> which one works at the
cd [-I remote site.
Get a file:
same name locally get Jilename <Enter> get infofile.txt <Enter>
renamed locally get filename newfjzame get lg-name-0.txt name.ort
<Enter> <Enter>
- -

Close the FTP session quit <Enter>

Abort the session <Ctrl>+<C>

Local File Management for VMS system

Task What you type ExamplelComments
Display your file directory dir /size <Enter> Lists directory information
in the "longn form,
including file size.

Read a file type /page jkname type /page myfile.txt ;1

<Enter> <Enter>
Next page <Enter>

Print a file print/que=LRC-Print

@name <Enter>

Delete a file del filename <Enter> del mfile.txt <Enter>

Electronic Library Network 51

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INSTRUCTIONS: How t o FTP

Anonymous FTP Basic Instructions

Task What you type Comments
Start FTP program

Login ID& Password

Login Failed, try again

Change directory

Display files in directory:

File names only

Names,date, size

Change directory back up

one level

Get a file:
same name locally
renamed locally

Close the FTP session

Abort the session

Local File Management

After you have retrieved your file, you will need to manipulate it locally.

Task What you type ExamplelComments

Display your file directory

Read a file
Pause reading
Resume reading
Cancel reading

Print a file

Delete a file
 Introdzlction to FTP

Selected Documents via FTP

Document Address Directory File
Yanoff's Special csd4.csd.uwm.edu pub inet.services.txt
Services List

Subject Oriented una.hh.lib.umich.edu inetdirsstacksl various file names

Internet Guides

Library uses of Internet theseus.itc.gu.edu.au uploads paradis1.txt

Kovac's Directory of zeus.kent.edu library Several files. Get

Scholarly Electronic the ACADLIST
Conferences .README file
for contents of
each file.

Library S o h a r e Archives hydra.uw0.a libsofi Numerous files.

index of files, (including Get the 00-
text files) guides for subject index.txt file for a
areas: Engineering OPACS; list organized
Biology resources; Fine arts roughly by
resources; etc. subject.

Interpersonal and guvm.ccf.georgetown you are placed Each article has a

Computing Technology .edu directly in the different file
EJournal Logon: IPCT-J appropriate name. Try
Password: GUEST directory retrieving a
CONTENTS file
to see what is in
each issue.

Index of Project mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu etext Get one of the

Gutenberg Electronic following files for
Texts Available an index of
available
electronic texts:
0INDEX.GUT
INDEX1OO.GUT

Information for nic.merit.edu introducing.the A variety of files.

network novices .internet NB: internet.
basics.eric-digest

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, these addresses are subject to change.
They were valid as of 09/95)

Electronic Library Network 53

Basic Internet Tooh

ON YOUR OWN
1) Fill in the FTP instruction sheet included in this chapter with information for
your system.
2) Fill in the Local File Management instruction sheet with information for your
system.
3) Do Exercise 5: FTP in this chapter.
4) If you have subscribed to an e-mail discussion list, watch the postings for
references to interesting files. Try retrieving any you read about.

Exercise Five: FTP

For each item:

1) Establish your FTP connection

2) Log in with Username "user anonymous" and your e-mail address as the

3) Change directories to the appropriate directory.

4) List the files to see if your file is actually there.
5) Get the file you need. Change the filename as you get it.
6) Quit the FTP connection.
7) Do a local directory listing to see if you have retrieved your file.
8) Use your local file viewing or editing capabilities to view it on screen.
9) Print a copy of the file.
10) Delete your file.

ltem A
A document that discusses the basics of Internet.

address: nis.nsf.net
directory: introducing.the.internet
filename: internet.basics.eric-digest

ltem B
A document that discusses e-mail etiquette.
address: ftp.msstate.edu
directory pub/docs/words-l/Funnies
filename: emily.postnews
 Introduction to FTP

ltem C
A document that discusses what the Internet is.

address: nysernet.org
directory: Ipublguides
filename: whatis.internet

ltem D
An issue from the "Acquisitions Librarian's Electronic Network", an electronic
discussion group "journal".

address: 1ibrary.cornell.edu
directory: lpublacqnetlacqnet3
filename: acqnet3.7 1

NOTE: If you are interested - the index for this journal is in the directory
Ipublacqnet. The filename to get is acqnet.index. It is a large (over 50k) file.

Further Exploration:
Refer to the list of "Selected Documents via FTP" in your workbook. Retrieve
anything you find interesting.

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, these addresses are subject to change.
They were valid as of 09/95)

Electronic Library Network 55

Basic Internet Tooh
Electronic Library Network 57
Basic Internet Taoh
 WHAT IS GOPHER?
Gopher software provides menu access to a wide range of Internet resources
allowing easy browsing of the Internet. Gopher pulls together widely distributed
information and presents it as a single, seamless interface. There are over 4,000
gopher servers worldwide.

Gopher's hierarchical menus allow users to cruise the Internet and read, print, and
download information without having to know addresses or commands. Gopher
works with other Internet services such as e-mail, telnet, and file transfer, allowing
you to easily EMail documents to yourself or others; to connect to remote sites
without having to know telnet protocols and addresses; and to transfer documents
without knowing File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

Gopher Basics
There are two pieces of software in the gopher system, a "client" and a "server". To
use Gopher, you need to have access to both a client and a server. The Gopher
client is the workhorse; the Gopher server is the traffic cop. Put another way, the
server points the client to specific resources; the Gopher client actually makes the
connections and document transfers.

When a Gopher client connects to a server, the server sends back a menu. Each
menu item has the Internet address for that item included but not visible to you on
the screen. (You can, however, look at this address by pointing to an item and
asking for that item's "attributes", typically an equal sign in the UNIX gopher
client). When you select a menu item, your local Gopher uses the address
information to connect directly to the resource, leaving the original Gopher server
out of the loop altogether.

The Gopher client software may be available on your local system. If not, you can
make a telnet connection to a publicly available Gopher client. A Gopher server
may be available on your local system, or your client may be set up to
automatically point to a server on a remote host.

To start, or "invoke" the Gopher client, the typical command format is:

gopher center>
In most clients, you are automatically connected to a specific Gopher server as soon
as you invoke the Gopher client.

If no default Gopher server is in place or to bypass the default server, the typical
command format is:

e.g. gopher infoserv.uvic.ca

NOTE: Gopher clients designed for different computer systems may look and
operate somewhat differently, but most have the same basic functions.

---- - --

Electronic Library Network 59

Basic Internet Took

C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To use Gopher software, you will need:

O A Gopher client on a local host, Mac or PC connected to the Internet;

or
The number (for dialup or datapac) or the telnet address for the system on
which a public Gopher client resides. You will also need appropriate account
or login information for that system.
0 Information on how to invoke the gopher client. Most clients automatically
connect to a default gopher server as soon as the gopher client is invoked.
0 The address of specific gopher server(s) and instructions for how to gopher
directly to that server if desired.
NOTE : Resources on the Internet are not always available - systems are down for
maintenance or even crash occasionally, so be prepared to try different possibilities.

Gopher menu items

Gopher is based on a hierarchy of menus. Each menu item points to an Internet
resource which could be another directory, a text file, a searchable index, or a telnet
connection. Usually the type of menu item will be indicated by some kind of
symbol. A UNIX based system, for example, might use the following symbols:

a text file
1 a directory of more items
<TEL> a telnet connection
c?> a searchable index

Figure 4: Typical Gopher Command and Menu

% gopher <Enter>
U. B. C. Library G o p h e r client

1 About InfoServ (B.C. Electronic Library Network Gopher)..

2 Electronic Library Network (ELN)l
3 Using InfoServ's New Gopher and Web Clients (ELN members only)/
4 IndexlAbstract Databases (ELN members only)/
5 ELN Union lists (Serials, Media, Outlook)/
6 Search all InfoServ's Menus using Jughead?
7 What's New on InfoServ?/
8 B r i t i s h Columbia R e s o u r c e s 1
9 Library Catalogues1
10 Electronic Library Resources1
11 Reference Tools/
12 Resources organized by Subject1
1 3 World's Gopher and Information Servers1
14 Search for Resources on the Internet (Archie, Veronica, Phone books..)/
1 5 InfoServ - Original version1

Press ? for Help, q to Quit

 Introduction to Gopher

Figure 5: Results of a Gopher "Directory" Menu Item

Internet Gopher lnformation Client 2.0 pi10

B r i t i s h Columbia Resources

About this information . . .

British Columbia Systems Corporation (BCSC)/
CUFAIBC Post-Secondary Education lnformation Service1
Camosun College1
Education Technology Centre of BC (ETC) Gopher1
Electronic Library Network (ELN)/
Malaspina College/
Simon Fraser University (SFU)/
University of British Columbia (UBC)/
University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC)l
University of Victoria (UVic)/
Vancouver Public Library1
Victoria Free-Net I

Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 111

Text Files
When a text file is selected, the document you request is actually transferred to
your Gopher client. Once the file is transferred, you do not actually stay
connected to the remote host. The file is only kept temporarily unless you further
instruct your Gopher to keep it permanently. If you decide to save the item as a
file, or mail the item to your client creates the appropriate
permanent file using the name you suggest, or sends the file in an e-mail message
to any address you designate.

Directory of Items
If you select a Directory of Items, your Gopher client will connect with the
appropriate Gopher server, and return a further list of menu items for your
selection.

Telnet Connections
When a telnet session is initiated by selecting a <TEL> menu item, the Gopher
client (NOT the server) establishes the telnet connection to the remote host
requested. The Gopher server is no longer involved until the telnet session is
terminated.

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Basic Internet Tooh

lndex searches
An index search is a common type of Gopher menu item that is identified by <?>,
<ID%, <SRC> or some other icon indicating a question. This indicates resources
for which searchable indexes have been created. Files with searchable indexes may
be, for example, books, dictionaries, reference sources, bibliographies, network
addresses, software catalogues, Internet information, archives of Usenet newsgroups
and Listserv mailing lists, or various specialized indexes, databases and texts.

How to search indexes

Once you select an index search menu item, you are prompted to enter a search
query. You then enter your search term(s). Gopher searches the index and builds a
"custom" menu that lists only those items which contain the search terms that you
entered. You can then select any item from this customized menu in the same way
that you would for any Gopher menu item.

Index searches are specific to the computer on which the resource resides. Each
server can have its own set of rules. Searches are not case sensitive. Some allow
only single word searching. There are various interpretations of multiple word
search rules. Basically, it is recommended that you use a single word search. If you
want to go beyond that, experiment with a specific search index, remembering that
what you discover here will not necessarily apply elsewhere.

Figure 6: Typical Gopher lndex Search Menu Item

Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pi10

Library Catalogues

1. About this information . . .

2. Instructions for different catalog types1
3. British Columbia Libraries1
4. Canadian Libraries1
5. United States Libraries1
->6. S e a r c h f o r l i b r a r y c a t a l o g s by k e y w o r d <?>
7. Complete Yale menu of Library Catalogs and related information 1

Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 111

 Introduction to Gopher

Figure 7: Enter Gopher lndex Search Term

lnternet Gopher lnformation Client 2.0 p110

Library Catalogues

1. About this information . . .

2. Instructions for different catalog types1
3. British Columbia Libraries1

-
4. Canadian Libraries1
5. United States Libraries1
6. Search for library catalogs by keyword <?>

r- Search for library catalogs by keyword

Words to search for: calgary

[Cancel: AG] [Erase: AU] [Accept: Enter]

Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Searching..l

.... Figure 8: Results of Gopher Index Search

.............................
I i.

lnternet Gopher lnformation Client 2.0 pllO

Search for library catalogs by keyword: calgary

+- 1. University of Calgary.
2. University of Calgary <TEL>

Ranking of Search Results

Index searches typically assign each document retrieved a "weight" or ranking
determined by the number of hits on search terms entered, and the position of
these terms in the document. The documents are then presented according to this
ranking. The documents with the most hits on the desired word(s) are listed first.
When multiple terms are entered as a search, "OR" is automatically implied.
Thus a search for "library" "congress" really searches "library" OR "congress" and
could come up with highly ranked documents with "library" occurring many times
but with no mention of "congress", hence nothing on the Library of Congress.

Electronic Library Network 63

Basic Internet Tooh

TIPS ON INDEX SEARCHING

1) Always begin searching an unknown index with a single search term.
................
.......
..........
...............
..........
2) To experiment further in a specific index, find a known document, and try ..:...
.......
.........
retrieving it with a number of different search strategies using multiple
keywords and "and", "or", ''not'' etc.
3) Different index searches on one gopher do not necessarily use the same search
mechanism; nor does the same resource occurring on different gophers use the
same search mechanism. Always experiment to determine the specific search
capabilities.
4) On some servers, though you can perform a search and get the menu of results,
you may be denied access to the actual resource.
 Introduction to Gopher

INSTRUCTIONS: Using a typical UNlX gopher

Task What you type Comments
Invoke gopher gopher From system prompt

Gopher to specific site gopher <gopher address> From System prompt

Get help <?> Do not press <enter>

Go Up to the previous menu <U> Do not press <enter>

Return to the Main menu <Mz Do not press <enter>

Cancel action <Ctl>+<G>

Exit a document <Ctl>+<G>or U Do not press <enter>

Select an item <up>or <down>, <enter>

or
<#> <enter> "#" represents the menu
item number

View next or previous page <+> or <-> When menu is more than
one page

Display the resource address <=> Do not press <enter>

Save current item to a file <s> (lower case) When reading or pointing
to a document

EMail current document <m> (lower case) When reading or pointing

to a document

Page down in a document <sp> When reading a document

Exit Search screen <Ctl>+<G>

or
Delete search terms Follow screen instructions
<Enter> to delete search terms

Quit gopher <q> Back to system prompt

Electronic Library Network 65

Basic Internet Took

INSTRUCTIONS: Using a typical VMS gopher

Task What you type Comments

Invoke gopher gopher From system prompt

Gopher to specific site gopher <gopher address> From system prompt

Get help <?>

Go Up to the previous menu <U>

Return to the Main menu em>

Cancel action <Ctl>+<G>

Exit a document 9
Select an item <up>or<down>,<enter>
<#><enter> # represents the menu item
number

View next or previous page <page up> When menu is more than
<page down> one screen

Display the resource address <=>

Save current item to a file <SZ When reading or pointing

to a document

EMail current document <q> To quit reading document

em> To mail the document

Page down in a document <Sp> When reading a document

Quit gopher
Really quit? YIN Back to system prompt
 Introduction to Gopher

INSTRUCTIONS: Using a gopher

Task What you type Comments
Invoke gopher

Gopher to specific site

Get help

Go Up to the previous menu

Return to the Main menu

Cancel action

Exit a document

Select an item

View next or previous page

Display the resource address

Save current item to a file

EMail current document

Page down in a document

Exit Search screen

Quit gopher

Electronic Library Network 67

Basic Internet Took

INSTRUCTIONS: Typical Gopher Index searches

Task You enter Comments

Single word search Word Recommended for all

(not case sensitive) unknown indexes. Word
may be included as string in
another word.

Multiple word search Word1 Word2 "OR" is usually implied

when no operator.

Truncate search term Word* * represents one or more

letters (not all versions)

Selected Gopher Indexed Resources I

Gopher Site Host Address Path

Infoslug, Univ. of California, scilibx.ucsc.edu 11The LibraryIElect.
Santa Cruz Reference Books

Supreme Court of Canada gopher-droit. 11English version1Supreme

Decisions, U of Montreal umontreal.ca Court of CanadaISupreme
Court of Canada Decisions

Univ. of British Columbia g0pher.ubc.a lllibraries and Information

SourcesIRef. material

University of Saskatchewan gopher.usask.ca 1IComputingIInternet

Electronic Conferences - InfoIDirectory of Scholarly
Kovacs list Electronic Conferences

University of Southern cwis.usc.edu l1Other GopherslGopher-

California JewelsIGeneral Reference
Resources
 Introduction to Gopher

List of interesting gopher sites

Site Address Comments

Academe this week chronicle.merit.edu

(Chronicle of Higher Education)

The Bulletin Board ukoln.bath.ac.uk Resources of interest to

for Libraries librarians
Select "4. BUBL: Bulletin
Board for Libraries".

Envirogopher envirolink.org Environmental resources

Gopher's Mother, gopher.tc.umn.edu Source for gopher

Univ. of Minnesota information & software

InfoSem - B.C. Electronic infoserv.uvic.ca Library oriented BC and

Library Network worldwide

North Carolina State dewey.lib.ncsu.edu

University Library (without
walls) gopher

Rice University riceinfo.rice.edu Subject-related lists under

/Information by subject area

University of California at scilibx.ucsc.edu Excellent all around gopher

Santa Cruz Infoslug

University of Michigan una.hh.lib.umich.edu Clearinghouse for Subject

Oriented Guides under
IgenrefIInternet guides &
resources

University of Saskatchewan gopher.usask.ca Hytelnet and Publishers'

Catalogues under
ILibraryIUseful Non U of
Sask Info

University of Waterloo uwinfo.uwaterloo.ca Student oriented

Victoria Freenet freenet.vict0ria.bc.a

Washington and Lee 1iberty.uc.wlu.edu Highly recommended

Law Library research gopher
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . w & ~ ~ ~ A ~ ~ ~ ~

Electronic Library Network 69

Basic Internet Tooh

List of Public Gophers by Telnet

Hostname Login Location

consultant.micro.umn.edu gopher University of Minnesota

gopher.msu.edu gopher University of Minnesota

- -

panda.uiowa.edu panda University of Iowa

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, these addresses are subject to change.
They were valid as of 09/95)

ON YOUR OWN
Check if your Internet service provider has a gopher client available and, if so,
how to connect. If not, you may want to investigate the possibilities of
implementing a gopher client locally, or find out whether you can get an
account at a neighbouring institution which has a gopher client. You could
also try connecting to a public gopher client (see list of Public Gophers above)
Do "Exercise Six: Gopher"
Explore Internet resources by connecting to gophers fiom the "List of
interesting gopher sites".
Try searching some of the indexes listed in the list of "Selected Gopher Indexed
Resources".
 Introduction to Gopher

Exercise Six: Gopher

GROUP 1 TASKS
For all tasks in this group:

1) Connect to the InfoServ gopher:

type "gopher infoserv.uvic.cd' at the system prompt or command line.
2) To access the subject related resources lists, select /Resources Organized by
Subject.

Task A
I) Select /Resources Organized by Subject - Rice University.
2) Look at /Census.
3) E-Mail yourself some interesting data from the US 1990 census.

Task B
1) Select /Resources Organized by Subject - Rice University.
2) Look at /Travel/Travel Information Library (University of Manitoba).
Investigate a country about which you would like some travel information.
3) E-Mail some interesting information to yourself.

Task C
1) Select /Resources Organized by Subject - Rice University.
2) Look at /Government, Political Science and Law. Find Clinton's Press Releases.
3) E-Mail yourself a statement by Clinton on a current issue.

Task D
I) Select /Resources Organized by Subject - University of Waterloo.
2) Select a subject area of interest in your work or personally. Look at "Electronic
discussion groups in ..." your subject.
3) Save a list of discussion groups to a file, making note of the file name you give
it.

After you have completed the above tasks:

1) Start up your e-mail program. Read any messages you have received. Delete
them, and quit the e-mail program.
2) View the file you saved in Task D. Delete the file when you have viewed it.

Electronic Library Network 71

Basic Internet Tooh

GROUP 2 TASKS
Explore other gopher servers by doing any of the following. If a connection does
not work, try another one. Remember, to connect directly to a gopher server,
issue the "gopher" command at the system prompt or command line.

Task E
For an overview of the activities of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. check out
their gopher.

I) gopher gopher.eKorg
2) select /Legal Issues and Cases

Task F
For environmental resources, gopher to the Envirogopher. Note in particular,
Environmental Organizations On-line.

I) gopher envirolink.org

Task G
To explore library specific gophers, gopher to the Liberty gopher at Washington
and Lee Law Library.

I) gopher liberty.uc.wlu.edu
2) select /Finding Gopher Resources1 All Gopher Sites/ Library Gophers

Task H
To look at publisher catalogs, connect to the University of Saskatchewan gopher.

1) gopher gopher.usask.ca
2) select /Library/E-Journals

Task I
For a list of "Smilies", gopher to the Liberty gopher at Washington and Lee Law
Library.

1) gopher liberty.uc.wlu.edu
2) select /Libraries and Information Access/ Reference Sources/ Unofficial Smilie
Dictionary.

GROUP 3 TASKS: Index Searches

For the tasks in this group, use the following steps:

1) At the system prompt or command line, type:

gopher gopher.address <enter> (e.g gopher infoserv.uvic.ca)
2) Follow the path by selecting the specific menu items listed.
3) To activate the index search, highlight the item and press <enter>.
4) Type the search term and press <enter>
 Introduction to Gopher

5) When finished each task, quit this gopher.

<q>
System may respond: Really quit (y/n)? <Y>

Task J
Let's see what there is about libraries in the educational database of ERIC Digests.

Gopher to: gopher.ucsc.edu

Path: /The Researcher/Social Sciences/Education
Item to select: ERIC Digests
Search term: library

Task K
We want to find the Supreme Court's ruling on the Sue Rodriguez case.

Gopher to: gopher.droit.umontreal.ca

Path: /English version/Supreme Court of Canada
Item to select: Complete Decisions Index
Search term: Rodriguez

Task L
Gopher gurus often refer to the Infoslug gopher. Let's locate this highly regarded
gopher and take a look at its resources.

Gopher to: cs4sun.cs.ttu.edu

Path: /Other Gophers and Information Servers
Item to select: Search Gophers by Name or Internet Address
Search term: infoslug

Task M
We want to find how Freedom of Information affects libraries.

Gopher to: bc~cO2.~ov.bc.ca (02 are both numbers)

Path: /Freedom of Information - Directory of Records
Item to select: Search Entire Directory of Records
Search term: library

(NOTE: As with all Internet resources, these addresses are subject to change.
They were valid as of 09/95)

Electronic Library Network

Basic Internet Tooh

Notes
Electronic Library Network
Basic Internet Took
 WHAT IS WORLD WIDE WEB
World Wide Web (WWW or 'the Web') is a relatively new approach to exploring
Internet information. With a piece of software called a Web 'browser', users can
access many diverse Internet services. For the user, this happily means learning
fewer navigating commands.

Another benefit to accessing the Internet via the Web is the way in which the
information is presented. Information produced for the Web is created with special
formatting which allows related documents to be 'linked' together. These links are
embedded in Web documents using a language known as HTML (HyperText
Markup Language). The author forges links to related information on the Internet,
embedding pointers to other documents or sites using hypertext code. When a user
browsing the document highlights and selects a link, the software reads the hidden
code and is able to retrieve the material designated in the coding.

Unlike Gopher, which offers Internet information in hierarchical menued

structures, the Web presents interconnected, cross-threaded information. Gophers
rely on upwards and downwards movement through levels, while movement within
the Web can be horizontal, vertical, and diagonal. This may sound confusing, but
the Web's flexibility provides a natural and intuitive approach to Internet
exploration.

WEB BASICS
To explore the Web, you need access to Web client software (called a 'browser) and
a connection to a site running Web server software. Browsers are available in a
variety of styles. 'Line-oriented browsers' such as Lynx read only text-based
information, while Igraphical browsers' such as Netscape, Mosaic and Cello can
deliver still images, movies, and audio information to the user.

In order to use a sophisticated graphical browser, you must run it locally on your
own machine and then establish a direct Internet connection to the Web server. If
you can't run a browser from your desktop, you may be able to connect to a
publically available text-based browser via telnet, gopher, or a dialup connection to
an Internet service provider. Internet sites offerering access to a public browser will
limit the number of simultaneous users, so you may have to be patient when trying
to connect.

Web browsers allow you to select links, see information about a document's
location, point to a new address, and review your exploration path. Your browser
will also let you return to what is called your 'home pageT.

Your home page is simply a Web document which has been defined by your
browser as the starting point for your Web explorations. If you use a public
browser, the home page is defined by the people who make the browser publically
available. If you run your own browser locally, you define what your home page
will be. With special software, you can create a home page and collect your
favorite links on it, or you can simply point to someone else's home page. Many

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people and organisations have designed their own informative home pages, and
most are open to visitors.

Universal Resource Locators (URLs)

Hypertext links pointing to other Internet resources rely on a standard information
addressing format known as Universal Resource Locators (or URLs). URLs include
a tag indicating the type of resource (e.g 'http' for a hypertext document or
'gopher' for a Gopher server), a Internet machine address (e.g. infoserv.uvic.ca),
and directory and filename information. A URL for an information file on the
ELN InfoServ Gopher might look like this:

When you select a link, your browser points to a new location because it reads this
URL information. If you read about a new Web site and you have its URL, you
can point your browser there directly. A text-based browser such as Lynx requires
you type the letter 'g' (for 'go to'), and then type the URL. With a gaphical
browser such as Netscape, new URLs can be typed directly into a 'Location'
information box on the browser screen.

URLs can be annoying to work with. They are long strings of text that must be
transcribed exactly as written, observing upper and lower case, in order to yield
results. Luckily, browsers have a bookmark feature which remembers URLs so you
don't have to. A publically available browser may not allow you to save
bookmarks, however.

C h e c k l i s t of I n f o r m a t i o n
To explore the World Wide Web, you will need:

0 A Web browser on your desktop computer which is connected to the Internet

via a SLIP, PPP or ethernet connection. (See the chapter "How to 'Get
Connected' " for more information.)

A phone number (for dialup or Datapac access) or the telnet address for the
host system where a public client resides.
0 Information on how to invoke your Web browser.
0 Instructions for entering URLs.
0 Instructions for stopping the transfer of a file.
NOTE: The Web is an ideal place to browse, so don't worry if you don't have a list
of URLs at hand. Explore the links on your browser's home page. You should find
plenty of sites to visit.

Types of Web r e s o u r c e s
Here is a list of some of the more popular resource types designated in URLs:

http: (HyperText Transport Protocol) retrieves a document written in

HyperText Markup Language.
telnet: opens a live connection to the Internet machine address given in the URL.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

gopher: opens a connection to the gopher server given in the URL.

fip: retrieves a document via file transfer protocol (ftp).

Using a Text-based Browser

A commonly used text-based browser is a package called Lynx, which runs on
under vtlOO terminal emulation (see "Logging in to the Local System"). Lynx
takes advantage of a full-screen environment, which means it is not limited to
input from a command line; this browser can process information fed to it from a
variety of places on the screen, and this offers a real advantage when dealing with
hypertext documents. When Lynx displays a hypertext document, it simply ignores
non-text information such as images.

With the Lynx text-based browser, users navigate documents by using the upldown
arrow keys to highlight links. Highlighted links are then selected by pressing right
arrow key, and previous screens are retrieved by using the lefi arrow.

-
FIGURE 9: LYNX Text-based WWW Browser

University of Kansas Home Page

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Basic Internet Took

FIGURE 10: LYNX - Results of First Link Selection

Using a Graphical Browser

Graphical Web browsers such as Netscape, Mosaic, and Cello offer greater
flexibility than text-based browsers because they can process many different types of
information encountered on the Web, from colourfully illustrated hypertext
documents to movie clips from the latest Hollywood releases. In order to process
this sophisticated information, graphical browsers demand upscale processing
power, memory, and Internet connectivity.

The great flexibility of gaphical browsers depends, to a large extent, on their use of
'helper applications'. Helper applications are different programs which browsers
launch in order to handle special processing tasks. If, for example, a movie clip is
retrieved by the browser, special movie viewing software starts up and processes the
clip.

Netscape, a shareware product currently available for Macintosh, Windows and

Unix environments, is a sophisticated Web browser that can be configured to
handle all sorts of documents. With Netscape, links are selected with a mouse, and
users may point and click on icons and highlighted text in order to navigate the
Web.

The Netscape client software must reside on the machine that you use to connect
to the Internet. If the Internet connection is being made over a modem, a SLIP or
PPP connection must be established in order for Netscape to accept the user's
interactions. See "How to Get Connected" for more information about these
connections.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

FIGURE 11: The Netscape Navigator - Graphical WWW Browser

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FIGURE 12: Netscape - Results of First Link Selection

SEARCHING THE WEB

Many powerful search tools (or search engines) are being developed for the Web.
Unfortunately, each search tool comes with a different set of instructions. It is
useful to read any available information on formulating queries, defining the scope
of the search, and controlling the output of search results before you use a Web
search engine.

Many of the Web search engines respond to questions submitted on query 'forms'.
Browsers that can process information in forms are referred to as 'forms-capable'.
You may find that simple text-based browsers are not always as forms-capable as
gaphical browsers.

Below is Netscape's brief description of major Web search engines:

(See http://home.netscape .com/home/internet-search.html)

INFOSEEK SEARCH

Infoseek is a comprehensive and accurate WWW search engine. You can

type your search in plain English or just enter key words and phrases. You can
also use special query operators.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

THE LYCOS HOME PAGE: HUNTING WWW INFORMATION

This search engine, served by Carnegie Mellon University, will allow you to
search on document titles and content. Its May 1, 1995 databasecontains 3.75
million link descriptors and the keywords from 767,000 documents. The
Lycos index is built by a Web crawler that can bring in 5000 documents per
day. The index searches document title, headings, links, and keywords it
locates in these documents.

WEBCRAWLER SEARCHING
This engine allows searches by document title and content. It is part of the
Webcrawler project, managed by Brian Pinkerton at the University of
Washington, which collects documents from the Web.

If you still haven't found what you're looking for and you'd like to try
out other available search engines, check out these other lists of search
engines:

W3 SEARCH ENGINES
Published by the University of Geneva, this list of search engines covers a
wide variety of topics and subjects but isn't updated very often.

CUSl (Configurable Unified Search Interface)

Nexor U.K. offers this tool, a single form to search a large number of differ-
ent WWW engines for documents, people, software, dictionaries, and more.

FIGURE 13: LYNX: Webcrawler Search Form

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FIGURE 14: LYNX: Results of Webcrawler Search

FIGURE 15: Netscape: Webcrawler Search Form

 Introduction to the Worla Wide W e b

FIGURE 16: Netscape: Results of Webcrawler Search

R a n k i n g of s e a r c h r e s u l t s
Many of the Web search engines will rank search results according to a relevance
formula. With the Webcrawler, the document in which your search terms appear
the greatest number of times is given a rank of 1000. Other documents are rated
in comparison with this high-scoring document. Therefore, a document scoring
500 would be, according to machine logic, half as relevant as a document ranking
1000. This type of scoring lacks sophistication, and only serves as a p i d e .

TIPS O N WEB SEARCHING:

1> When searching with an unknown search engine, always begin with a single
search term.
Try retrieving a document which you know exists using a search engine. Try
retrieving the same document using other engines. Notice how the search
engine responds to the query. Try using "and", "or", or "not" in your search.
Read any 'Help' files that are available with the search engine.
Remember that some items retrieved in your search results may not be
publically accessible.

Subject guides available on the W e b

Web subject guides are useful starting points when you are exploring a specific
topic. They often bring together information from a variety of Internet resources,
including file archives, discussion groups, and Gopher and Web sites devoted to a
certain topic or field.

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Basic Internet Took

Below is a list of some popular subject guides available on the Web:

Web site URL

Whole Internet Calalog http://nearnet.gnn.com/gnn/wic/alltop.toc.html

Yahoo Internet Directory http://www.yahoo.com

Einet Galaxy http://www.einet.net

WWW Virtual Library http://www.w3.org/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject

NCSA's Meta-Index http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/

Meta_Index.html

List of interesting Web sites

- - - - --

If you're interested in roaming the Web and you'd like a good 'launch pad', try
some of these 'Hot Lists':

http:llhome.netscape.com/home/whats-new.htm1(Netscape's 'What's New' page)

http://www.infi.net/cool.html (Cool sites list from InfiNet)

http://www.prgone.com/hotlink.html (BBS One HotLinks Page)

http://www.clark.net/pub/journalism/awesome.html (John Maculowich's List)

http://wings.buffalo.edu/contest(Best of the Web '94)

Public browsers via telnet

At the time of publication, these telnet sites offered public MWW browsers:

lynx.cc.ukans.edu (log in as www)

www.njit.edu (log in as www)

www.huji.ac.il (EnglishIHebrew browser. Log in as www)

infoserv.uvic.ca (log in as ELN, then type "lynx")

Also, systems staff at your institutions can tell you if a public browser is available on your
local system.
~ < . : ~ ~ ~ m . m ~ m ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ? m ~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - * ( I P O _ ~ ~

ON YOUR OWN
1) Check if there is a Web client available to you from your Internet provider, and
how you can connect to it remotely.
2) Find out if you can access a Web client locally on your desktop computer (for
example, one may be installed for your local area network). If not, you may
explore the possibility of installing one. Contact the systems staff at your
institution, o r consult a colleague who is currently running a Web browser
from their desktop.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

Familiarize yourself with your browser's help files.

Try searching the Web using the search engines listed under 'Searching the
Web' above.
Complete "Exercise 7: World Wide Web".

INSTRUCTIONS: LYNX BROWSER

TASK ACTION COMMENTS

Invoke Lynx Type WWW or Lynx At the login or system

prompt

Point Lynx to a site Type "g" + the URL At any Web page

Get help T~~ "hWor "?"

Return to starting home page Type "m" for main screen

Return to previous document Press the left arrow key

Highlight following link Press the down arrow key

Highlight previous link Press the up arrow key

$9
Activate a link Press the right arrow key

Go to previous page of Press "-"

current document

Go to next page of Press "+"

current document

Display URL of Press "="

current page

Stop transfer of a file Press "2" or CTRL-G Cancels input or transfer in

progress.

Save a file Press "d" Save to user's account,

download to desktop
machine or printer

Mail a file Press "p" Mail option

Add a bookmark Press "a" Saves current document or

highlighted link in a
bookmark file.

View bookmarks Press "v" Each bookmark serves as a

link.

--
Quit Press "q" Can be done at any screen.

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INSTRUCTIONS: NETSCAPE BROWSER

TASK ACTION COMMENTS
Invoke browser Double-click on the Read Netscape's installation
Netscape icon on your files for more information
desktop. on running Netscape from
an icon.

Point browser to a site Type the URL in the Observe upper and lower
"Location" box on the case and punctuation.
screen.

Get help Use the Netscape This handbook is accessible

Handbook (http://home. from Netscapel. 1's Help
netscape. com/englmozilla menu.
11.11 handbook).

Return to starting home page Click on the "Home" Select "Show toolbar" under
button. "Options" menu if this
button does not appear on
your screen.*

Return to previous document Click on the "Back"

button (may be a left arrow).

Select a link Click on it with the mouse. Cursor changes to a hand

when it is pointing to a
hypertext link.

Go to previous page of Press the "Page up" key. The scroll bar can also be
current document used to move around in a
document.
,1
Go to next page of Press the "Page down" key,
current document

Display URL of current page See the "Location" box. Point to a link to display its
URL (appears at the bottom
of the screen).*

Stop transfer of a file Click on the "Stop" It may take a moment to

button. cancel the transfer.

Save a file Select "Save as..." under Ifsaving as "Source", hypertext

the "File" menu. markup is preserved.

Mail a file Select "Mail document ..." Includes option to send

from the "File" menu. current document as a file
attachment, or quote it in
the body of your message.

Add a bookmark Choose "Add bookmark

from the "Bookmarks" menu.

View bookmarks Highlight the "Bookmarks" "View bookmarks" will

menu, or select "View allow you to edit, import,
bookmarks". or export your bookmarks.

Quit Choose "Quit" from the Can be done at any screen.

file menu.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

INSTRUCTIONS: Using your browser

TASK ACTION COMMENTS
Invoke browser

Point browser to a site

Get help

Return to starting home page

Return to previous document

Highlight following link

Highlight previous link

Activate a link

Go to previous page of
current document

Go to next page of
current document

Display URL of current page

Stop transfer of a file

Save a file

Mail a file

Add a bookmark

View bookmarks

Quit

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Exercise 7: World Wide Web

-

A GENERAL NOTE ABOUT WEB SITES: You may find you are unable to
connect to some of the more popular web sites because they are overloaded with
activity. If you find this is the case, skip to another TASK and try the busy site
later, or wait half a minute and try again.

Group 1 TASKS: Searching Web Subject

Resources
For all tasks in this group, connect to a public Web client or run your local Web
client.

TASK A
1) Point your browser to the URL http://www.yahoo.corn.
2) Select the link for 'Law'.
3) Select the link for 'General Information'.
4) Explore some of the sites found here.
5) Return to the Yahoo home page using the back key.
6) Search for one of the sites you explored in step 4 (e.g. Law.Net) using Yahoo's
search form.

TASK B
1) Point your browser to the 'WWW Virtual Library' link found at the bottom of
the Yahoo home page.
2) Select the 'Catagory Subtree' link.
3) Select 'Wine' under the heading 'Agriculture'.
4) Read about Croatian vintages, or explore the South African Wine site.
TASK C
Select the link for the 'Whole Internet Catalog' from the Yahoo home page.
Select the link 'Environmental Studies' under the heading 'Science and
Technology'.
Select 'EnviroWeb'.
Search EnviroWeb for information on an environmental topic (e.g. clearcut,
acid rain, ozone)
Find a fairly short article or home page and save it as a text file on your
computer. (Note: You may not be permitted to do this with a public Web
browser.)

G r o u p 2 TASKS: E x p l o r i n g W e b H o t L i s t s

TASK A
1) Point to Netscape's 'What's New' page
(http://home.netscape.com/escapes/whats~new.html)
2) Navigate a few of the new sites listed here.
3) Open the 'History' file on your browser.
 Introduction to the World Wide Web

4) Return to the Netscape 'What's New' page &om the History list.

TASK B
1) Connect to the Best of the Web '94: '1994 Winners'
(http://wings.buffalo.edu/contest).
2) Find the 'Best Overall Site'.
3) Mail yourself the information on the 'Best Overall Site'

TASK C
1) Connect to John Makulowich's Truly Awesome hot list
(http://www.clark.net/pub/journalism/awesomehtml).
2) Have a look at 'Rec.Trave1 Libraryt.
3) Do a search on your favorite country/city/region.
4) Mail yourself some of the information found in your search, providing it's not
a huge file. (Note: public browsers may not allow you to mail Web
documents)

Group 3 TASKS: Exploring W e b Search

Engines
For all of these tasks, connect to the Web search engine list found at:

Alternate search engine lists found at:

TASK A
Connect to the Webcrawler.
Type in 'letterman's top ten' in the search box
Submit the search.
Note the level of detail provided on your search results.
Scan the search results and try to find Letterman's Top Ten list.
Create a bookmark for Letterman's Top Ten when you find it.
Return to the search results list and compare the various search results. How
relevant are they?

TASK B
I) Connect to the Lycos search engine (note: it's often busy).
2) Select the small Lycos catalogue.
3) Enter the search term 'rose. garden' (this will search for an exact match on
'rose' and bring up matches on the word 'prden', 'gardens', Igardening1,
Igardeners1,etc.)
4) Submit the search.
5) Note the level of detail provided on your search results.

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Basic Internet Took

6) Read a few of the short descriptions provided by Lycos and visit the sites for a
closer look.

TASK C
Connect to the CUSI search engines (for a potentially faster connection, use a
Canadian CUSI site, such as http://abyss.idirect.com/cusi.html).
CUSI presents you with a large and versatile search form. Take a moment to
look at the entire CUSI page. Notice how you can specify different types of
search information on this form (e.g. People search, File searches).
Start by trying to locate Web sites that offer Internet help. Use the form found
under 'Search the Web', enter the terms 'internet help', and select a search
engine from the list provided.
(If you need more info on the search engines, read the short description
provided below the form in each section).
Explore some of your search results. Bookmark a few for future reference.
Return to the CUSI home page and find the 'People' search form.
Search for 'malaspina' using the 'Internet domains' search engine. You should
retrieve the Internet address for Malaspina College.

TASK D
I) Execute a search for "opera" using Webcrawler, Lycos, and Einet Galaxy on the
CUSI home page.
2) Compare the results. Which search engine yields the best results?
3) Try a few of our own searches.
Electronic Library Network 93
Basic Internet Tooh
 WHAT DOES "BEING CONNECTED" MEAN?
There are three basic levels of "connectivity" to the Internet

1) Direct connection. This means that you have some kind of direct dedicated IP
connection to your terminal or workstation (often by an Ethernet type of
connection) from your host computer.
2) Dial-up connection via SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) or PPP (Point to
Point protocol). Using a modem and regular telephone line you make a "dial-
up" connection to a host computer with Internet connectivity, and then
establish an IP connection to your PC. It means you can transfer files by FTP
directly to your personal computer.
N.B. This type of connection requires special software on your PC or MAC, and
for your host computer to support SLIP or PPP connections. You must also be
able to install and support IP software on your computer for Telnet, FTP, etc.

3) Dial-up connection via Serial Line and standard communications software.

This type of connection requires your host computer to support a regular dial-
up access, and for you to have an account on the host system.
This type of connection works well for telnet and e-mail. However, it means that
any FTP file transfers you do will end up on the host rather than your PC. To
download the file to your P C you need to undertake a second step. This could be
done by two methods. For a text file, you can "view" the file on the host system
while logging the screen display to a file or printer using your telecommunications
software "logging" capabilities. For all types of files, you can initiate a serial line
file transfer (Kermit, xmodem, ynodem, etc.) if your host computer and
telecommunications program both have the capability.

WHERE TO GET AN ACCOUNT WITH

INTERNET ACCESS
Depending on your affiliation and location, there are a number of options to
investigate .

1) Check with your computer support group at your own institution. You may
be surprised by what services are available.
2) Freenets are being established in many major centres. The philosophy behind
Freenets is just what it indicates - to provide free access to Internet tools and
resources for the ~ u b l i c usually
, by dial-up as well as telnet. Check with each
Freenet in your area to find out what services are provided, and what methods
of access are supported.
3) Check with an academic institution. Many universities and colleges offer
accounts with Internet connectivity for a fee to anyone who requests one.
Others may have accounts available for staff, faculty or students.
4) Check with a professional association or an affiliated organization. For
example, all teacher librarians can often get access to some services through
their professional organizations.
5) Try a commercial service provider (sometimes called "Network Service
Resellers").

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Tips for S e l e c t i n g a S e r v i c e Provider

If you are subscribing to a service for Internet connectivity, there are some basic
questions to ask about services provided:

What type of connectivity is available? Are serial line dial-up or SLIP

connections supported? If SLIP connection is available, how much assistance
or information is available for setting it up?
What tools are available: at least telnet, FTC and e-mail should be provided.
Some may also provide access to other tools such as Gopher clients.
What speed of connection is supported for the user. Most service providers
should have at least 14.4 bps modem connection support.
What speed is their connection to the Internet.
Do they support serial line file transfers. If so, using what protocols (e.g.
kermit, xrnodem, ymodem, etc.), and can your telecommunications software
support the one(s) required. (If you will always be connecting via a SLIP or
direct connection, this may not be required.)
What assistance is available for the user? Are there any charges?
Always be sure to investigate all charges including: account setup, monthly or
per hour rates (and is the hourly rate for elapsed time or CPU usage - quite
different rates!), file storage costs, and costs for extra services such as news feeds
or e-mail support.
Ask for a free trial of the service. Not all services are equal, even if they sound
the same.
 How to "Get Connected

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS

A List of Internet Service Providers for the

British Columbia Lower Mainland
Organization
& Contact Phone Services
Cyberstore 526-3373 Basic, News,
Gopher

Deep Cove BBS, 536-5855 Basic, News

White Rock

Mindlink 534-5663 Basic,

News,Gopher

SFU Computer Basic,

Services News, Gopher
Tim Devlin
SFU Education 29 1-4259 As Above
Faculty (For Teacher
Librarians)
Contact: David Bell

UBC Computer 822-6443 Basic, News,

Services Gopher
Wimsey 936-8649 Basic,
Contact: News, Gopher,
Richard Pitt WWW, WAIS,
ARCHIE, free
Mosaic1 SLIP self
installing package

Key: Basic Services include Telnet, FTP, a n d E-Mail

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Dial-up Internet Access Providers i n

Canada
You can find a list of Internet providers in the Yellow Pages. Local computer
papers are also a good source of information on lo& providers.

Connecting from a distance

When you live in an area where there are no local providers, you have other
options for getting connected.

I) Investigate service providers in your area. Check with local schools, colleges, or
bulletin board services.
2) Pay regular long distance charges on your calls. This can be quite expensive,
but can be minimized if your calls are at off-peak hours.
3) Investigate special dial-up services which may be provided through the telcos.

N.B. Please contact a service provider directly for more current and complete
information.
 H o w to "Get Connected"

HOW TO FIND OUT ABOUT

INTERNET RESOURCES
There are any number of ways to find out about Internet resources. The hard
thing will be to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Remember there is lots out there, but
much of it is not "quality controlled"!

Print Resources: A bibliography of guides to the Internet is included in your

workbook. Many of these guides contain lists of good resources.
One Good E-Mail Discussion Group: A discussion list in your area of interest
can be an invaluable source of information. A selected list of discussion groups
is included in the workbook, as well as instructions for how to locate more.
One Good Menu System or Gopher: Your service provider may have a menu'd
access to the Internet, or may have set up a gopher server. Or, you can use one
of the public gopher clients listed in your workbook as a starting point.
Lists of resources: There are many lists of Internet resources available via the
Internet. A few of these have been listed in your workbook. Try them out.
Many of them will lead to other lists of resources.
Many library oriented periodicals now have regular columns or special articles
describing Internet tools and resources. In particular, check out: Database,
Online, Computers in Libraries, Journal of Academic Librarianship, and
Information Technology and Libraries.
Ask a colleague: This is an underrated, but very excellent source of
information. There is more out there than any one individual will ever be
able to grasp. Set up an "Internet Interest Group" in your organization to
share information.
Advanced Internet courses generally cover more tools for finding information
on the Internet.

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Basic Internet %oh
Electronic Library Network 101
Basic Internet %oh
 " W H E R E TO START"
FOR NEW INTERNET USERS
Jim Milles
Ver. 4.5
21 July 1994
- --

1. E-mail systems vary widely.

For help with most e-mail questions (signature files, quoting, and so on), contact your local
computer support personnel or your Internet service provider, or consult the books listed
below for a discussion of your mail system.

2. Some recommended books for new users of the Internet:

Aboba, Bernard. -The Online User's Encyclopedia: Bulletin Boards and Beyond-.
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994. 806 pp. ISBN 0-201-62214-9, US$32.95. (A
remarkably useful and comprehensive work, covering everything from the basics of comput-
er communications, to using local bulletin boards, to the intricacies of the Internet.)

Dern, Daniel l? -The Internet Guide for New Users-. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
570 pp. ISBN 0-07-0 16510-6, US$40.00 (hardcover); ISBN 0-07-0165 11-4, US$27.95
(paper). (Dern is the former editor of -Internet World- magazine and author of numerous
articles on the Internet in many other publications.)

Engst, Adam. -Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh-. Indianapolis: Hayden Press, 1993.
641 pp. ISBN 1-56830-064-6, US$19.95. (Highly recommended by Mac users, many of
whom preferred this to the Fraase book listed below. Comes with a disk containing a vari-
ety of Internet access s o h a r e , including a "legal copy of MacTCP 2.0.2.")

Gilster, Paul. -The Internet Navigator-. New York: John Wiley, 1993. 470 pp. ISBN O-
471-59782-1, US$24.95. (An elegantly written and cleanly designed guidebook, the best
of the new books for the individual dial-up user. Contains a wealth of useful background
information on the workings of the Internet and the organizations behind it.
Recommended for the individual dial-up user who is serious about the Internet.)

Hahn, Harley & Rick Stout. -The Internet Complete Reference-. Berkeley: Osborne
McGraw-Hill, 1993. 818 pp. ISBN 0-07-881980- 6, US$29.95. (Considered by many
the best of the new crop of Internet books, and at 800+ pages, among the most comprehen-
sive. The humor, however, seems somewhat more lame than some others.)

Krol, Ed. -The Whole Internet: User's Guide & Catalog. 2nd ed. Sebastapol, CA:
OtReilly & Associates, 1994. 543 pp. ISBN 1-56592-063-5, US$24.95. (In the fast-mov-
ing world of the Internet, for most of 1993 this was the successor to -Zen- as the essential
p i d e to the Internet, and is still regarded by many as the best of the Internet books.
However, the availability of other books like Gilster's makes Krol's Unix bias more evident.
Recommended especially for users of Unix systems.)

LaQuey, Tracy. -The Internet Companion Plus: A Beginner's Start- Up Kit for Global
Networking. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993. 196 pp. ISBN 0-20 1-62719- 1,
US$19.95. (A good
- guide
- for the true beginner, useful even for the pre-beginner who has
not yet signed on to the Internet.)
Electronic Library Network 103
Basic Internet %oh

Randall, Neil. -Teach Yourself the Internet: Around the World in 21 Days_. Indianapolis,
IN: SAMS Publishing, 1994. 676 pp. ISBN 0-672-30519-4, US$25.00. (A remarkably
comprehensive workbook and resource guide, generously illustrated; its greatest strength is
its systematic approach to gaining familiarity with the scope of the Internet.)

Savetz, Kevin M. -Your Internet Consultant: The FAQs of Life Online-. Indianapolis,
IN: SAMS Publishing, 1994. 550 pp. ISBN 0-672-30520-8, US$25.00. (Most common-
ly asked questions about tools and resources presented in a convenient format; well indexed
and with a clearly organized table of contents.)

Smith, Richard and Mark Gibbs. -Navigating the Internet: Deluxe Edition-. Indianapolis,
IN: SAMS Publishing, 1994. 640 pp. ISBN 0-672-30485-6, US$29.95. (A highly read-
able guide, with an easy- to-use listing of Internet resources arranged by subject. Smith is
well known for his popular online "Navigating the Internet" courses.)

3. Other useful books for new users:

Badgett, Tom and Corey Sandler. -Welcome to... Internet: From Mystery to Mastery-.
New York: MIS Press, 1993. 324 pp. ISBN 1-55828-308-0, US$19.95. (A self-instruc-
tion handbook.)

Braun, Eric. -The Complete Internet Directory-. New York: Fawcett, 1993. 704 pp.
ISBN 0-449-90898-4, US$25.00. (As the title suggests, this is a directory of newsgroups,
discussion lists, ftp sites, and so on, with just a few pages on how to use these resources. A
directory like this, Hahn and Stout's -Internet Yellow Pages-, or Rittner's -Whole Earth
Online Almanac-, may be useful as a companion to one of the other "how-to" guide-
books).

Eddings, Joshua. -How the Internet Works-. Emeryville, CA: Ziff-Davis Press, 1994.
218 pp. ISBN 1-56276-192-7, US$24.95. (Excellent integration of graphics to explain
some of the technology behind the Internet. However, examples of resources are extremely
short and selective; definitely not a resource guide.)

Falk, Bennett. -The Internet Roadmap-. San Francisco: SYBEX, 1994. 263 pp. ISBN O-
7821-1365-6, US$12.99.

Fisher, Sharon. -Riding the Internet Highway-. Carmel, Indiana: New Riders Pub., 1993.
266 pp. ISBN 1-56205-192-X, US$16.95.

Fraase, Michael. -The Mac Internet Tour Guide: Cruising the Internet the Easy Way-.
Chapel Hill, NC: Ventana Press, 1993. 288 pp. ISBN 1-56604-062-0, US$27.95. (The
first Internet guide written for Macintosh users; includes a 800K disc containing usell
software.)

Fraase, Michael. -The PC Internet Tour Guide: Cruising the Internet the Easy Way-.
Chapel Hill: Ventana Press, 1994. ISBN 1-56604-084-1, US$24.95.

Fraase, Michael. -The Windows Internet Tour Guide: Cruising the Internet the Easy
Way-. Chapel Hill, NC: Ventana Press, 1994. 344 pp. ISBN 1-56604-081-7, US$24.95.
(Good graphics and sample screens, but coverage is selective; some important tools like
World-Wide Web are omitted.)

Gardner, James. -A DOS User's Guide to the Internet-. Waterloo, ON, Canada: MKS
[Mortice Kern Systems], 1993.

Hahn, Harley, and Rick Stout. -The Internet Yellow Pages-. Berkeley, CA: Osborne
McGraw-Hill, 1994. 447 pp. ISBN 0-07-882023-5, US$27.95. (An entertaining, easy-
 Appendix A: Internet Resource Articles

to-use directory of Internet resources, and an excellent companion to Hahn and Stout's
-Complete Internet Reference-.)
Heslop, Brent and David Angell. -The Instant Internet Guide-. Reading, MA: Addison-
Wesley, 1994. 209 pp. ISBN 0-201-62707-8, US$14.95.

Hoffman, Paul E. -Internet Instant Reference-. San Francisco: SYBEX, 1994. 317 pp.
ISBN 0-7821-1512-8, US$12.99. (A pocket guide to Internet terms and concepts, for
both beginning and advanced Internet users.)

-The Internet Unleashed-. Indianapolis: SAMS Publishing, 1994. 1,387 pp. ISBN 0-672-
30466-X, US$44.95. (Contains chapters written by over 40 prominent Internet experts.
This is the most comprehensive, and most expensive, Internet reference currently available,
but not recommended for the beginning user).

Jaffe, Lee David. -Introducing the Internet: A Trainer's Workshop-. (Internet Workshop
Series, Number 1.) Berkeley, CA: Library Solutions Press, 1994. 92 pp. ISBN 1-882208-
05-6, US$30.00 (US$45.00 with diskette). (The first in a series of supplements to
-Crossing the Internet Threshold-, by Tennant, Ober, and Lipow. Based on an actual
trainer's handouts and script, it may also be used as a self-instruction workbook.)

Kehoe, Brendan. -Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide-. 3rd ed.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994. 193 pp. ISBN 0-13-121492-6, US$23.95.
(One of the first and most popular guides to the Internet. The first edition was distributed
for free on the Internet, and is still available at many anonymous ftp sites, e.g.
nic.merit.edu, directory /introducing.the.internet, filename zen.txt.)

Kochmer, Jonathan and NorthWestNet. -The Internet Passport: NorthWestNet's Guide to

Our World Online-. 4th ed. Bellevue, WA: NorthWestNet, 1993. 5 15 pp. ISBN O-
9635281-0-6, US$29.95. (A comprehensive guide to Internet resources, comparable to
Krol's -The Whole Internet- but even broader in scope. It covers a number of areas that
other guides ignore.)

Lambert, Steve & Walt Howe. -Internet Basics-. New York: Random House, 1993. 495
pp. ISBN 0-679-75023-1, US$27.00. (Although this is a good, general guide to the
Internet for any user, it is especially useful for those who access the Internet through the
commercial Delphi information service. Howe is the sysop of the Delphi Internet SIG.)

Levine, John R. and Carol Baroudi. -The Internet for Dummies-. San Mateo, California:
IDG Books, 1993. 355 pp. ISBN 1-56884- 024-1, US$19.95. (A very useful, well orga-
nized, and readable book, one of the publisher's popular "... for Dummies" series.)

Marine, April; Kirkpatric, Susan; Neou, Vivian; and Ward, Carol. -Internet: Getting
Started-. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice Hall, 1992. 360 pp. ISBN 0-13-327933-2,
US$28.00. (Includes useful information on how to obtain Internet access, as well as other
technical reference material.)

Pike, Mary Ann and Tod G. Pike. -The Internet Quick Start-. Indianapolis: Que Corp.,
1994. 387 pp. ISBN 1-56529-658-3, US$21.99. (Contains separate chapters on "Using
the Internet via" CompuServe, AOL, DELPHI, and Unix systems.)

Quarterman, John S. -The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems

Worldwide-. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1990. 719 pp. ISBN 1-55558-033-5,
US$49.95. (A comprehensive guide to the history and present--= of 1990--state of the
Internet and its component and related networks. Recommended for those who want to
learn the background and history of the Internet.)

Rittner, Don. -Whole Earth Online Almanac-. New York: Brady Publishing, 1993. 545

Electronic Library Network 105

Basic Internet Took

pp. ISBN 1-56686-090-3, US$32.95. (Another directory of online resources, this one
attempts to cover not only Internet, but also Fidonet and commercial services like America
Online and CompuServe, and even local BBSes.)

Robinson, David EW. -All About Internet FTP: Learning and Teaching to Transfer Files
on the Internet-. (Internet Workshop Series, Number 2.) Berkeley, CA: Library Solutions
Press, 1994. 90 pp. ISBN 1-882208-06-4, US$30.00 (US$45.00 with diskette). (The
second supplement to -Crossing the Internet Threshold-; suitable for use either by trainers
or as a self-teaching workbook.)

Sachs, David and Henry Stairs. -Hands-on Internet: A Beginning Guide for PC Users-.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994. 275 pp. ISBN 0-13-056392-7,
US$27.95. (A detailed workbook for the individual user; like most of the others, assumes
the reader will be working on a Unix system.)

Tennant, Roy, John Ober, & Anne G. Lipow. -Crossing the Internet Threshold: An
Instructional Handbook-. 134 pp. ISBN 1-882208- 01-3, US45.00. Berkeley, CA:
Library Solutions Press, 1993. (Includes helpful fact sheets on various Internet tools from
fip and telnet to archie, gopher, WAIS, and World-Wide Web.)

Tolhurst, William A., Mary Ann Pike, Keith A. Blanco, and John R Harris. -Using the
Internet: Special Edition-. Indianapolis, IN: Que Corp., 1994. 1188 pp. ISBN 1-56529-
353-6, $39.95. (At well over 1000 pages, this is the current leader in the sweepstakes for
biggest Internet book. However, its coverage is surprisingly spotty; it includes a 110-page
chapter on legal considerations, but ignores major tools like World-Wide Web.)

4. For those who know enough about using the Internet to be able to use "ftp,"the fol-
lowing sources are very useful (note that they are regularly updated, so the version num-
bers and file names may change)::
de Presno, Odd. "The Online World." Available by anonymous ftp from oak.oakland.edu,
directory /pub/msdos/info, type binary, filename online16.zip. Uncompress with PKZip
2.04g. (An excellent source for coverage of European resources, also excellent for users of
commercial services like CompuServe, Genie, and MCImail.)

December, John. "Information Sources: the Internet and Computer- Mediated

Communication." 15 December 1993, release 3.15. Available by anonymous ftp from
ftp.rpi.edu, directory /pub/communications, filename internet-cmc.txt. (Gives locations
and access instructions for hundreds of Internet training documents, directories, and other
materials. Essential for locating the many valuable Internet resources discussed in the other
pidebooks.)

G&n, Adam and Electronic Frontier Foundation. "Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet."
January 1994. Available by anonymous fip from ftp.eff.org directory
/pub/Net-infoIBigDummy, filename bigdummyart.

Martin, Jerry. "There's Gold in them thar Networks! or Searching for Treasure in all the
Wrong Places." RFC 1402, January 1993. Available by anonymous fip from nic.merit.edu,
directory /introducing.the.internet, filename network.gold.

Milles, James. "Discussion Lists: Mail Server Commands." Available by anonymous fip
from sluaxa.slu.edu, directory /pub/millesjg, filename mailser.cmd. (Explanation of the
most commonly used commands for five of the most popular discussion list management
programs.)

Milles, James. "An Introduction to Using the Internet at Saint Louis University School of
Law." Available by anonymous fip from sluaxa.slu.edu, directory /pub/millesjg, filename
 Appendix A: Internet Resource Articles

inter1aw.w~(binary, Wordperfect 5.115.2 format), inter1aw.m (ASCII), or inter1aw.p~

(Postscript). (Although the focus is on legal resources, this guide should be u s e l l for any
VAX/VMS user. It is also the only source I know of that discusses the differing commands
for the BITNET and Unix listserver systems.)

NCSA Education Group. "An Incomplete Guide to the Internet." July 1993. Available by
anonymous ftp from fip.ncsa.uiuc.edu, directory
/Education/Education~Resources/IncompleteGuidel Incomp.Guide.Old, filename
1ncomp.Guide.July.txt. (Focuses on K-12 users and resources.)

Noonan, Dana. "A Guide to InternetIBitnet." June 1993. Available by anonymous fip
from vml .nodak.edu, directory Innews, filename guidev2.nnews. (A rare and valuable
guide for the VAXIVMS user.)

"NYSERNet New User's Guide to Useful and Unique Resources on the Internet." Version
2.2, April 1992. Available by anonymous fip from nysernet.org, directory /pub/guides, file-
name new.uset.guide.V2.2.txt

Parker, Elliott S. "Getting to Start: Selected Readings in Computer Communication." Ver.

4.01 (13 Dec 1993). Available by sending an e-mail message to
[email protected] only the line GET NETSTART
INFO F=MAIL. (A lengthy bibliography of books, articles, and other materials about the
Internet and related topics.)

Polly, Jean Armour. "Surfing the INTERNET: An Introduction." Version 2.0.3, May 15,
1993. Available by anonymous ftp from nysernet.org, directory /pub/guides, file surf-
ing.2.0.3.txt.

"SURAnet Guide to Selected Internet Resources." December 1993. Available by anony-

mous fip from fip.sura.net, directory Ipublnic, file infoguide. 12-93.txt.

Yanoff;Scott. "Special Internet Connections" (updated frequently). A list of interesting

and useful selection showing the broad range of Internet resources, including a few Online
Public Access Catalogs, chat lines, weather servers, Campus Wide Information Systems, and
other reference resources. Available by anonymous fip from csd4.csd.uwm.edu, directory
/pub, filename inet.services.txt.

5. For information on how to get connected to the Internet:

Engle, Mary, Marilyn Lutz, William W. Jones, Jr., and Genevieve Engel. -Internet
Connections: A Librarian's Guide to Dial-Up Access and Use-. Lita Monographs 3.
Chicago: Library and Information Technology Association, 1993. 166 pp. ISBN 0-8389-
7677-8, US$22.00.

Estrada, Susan. -Connecting to the Internet: An OIReillyBuyer's Guide-. Sebastapol,

CA: O1Reilly& Associates, 1993. 170 pp. ISBN 1-56592-061-9, US$15.95.

Notess, Greg R. -Internet Access Providers: An International Resource Directory-.

Westport, CT: Meckler, 1993. ISBN 0-88736- 933-2, US$22.95.

If you have e-mail access to the Internet, you can obtain a copy of the Public Dialup
Internet Access List (the most comprehensive list of Internet access providers for individuals
and small organizations) by sending an e-mail message containing the command "Send
PDIAL" to [email protected].

Electronic Library Network 107

Basic Internet Tooh

6. The latest version of this document, "Where to Start" for New Internet Users:
Available by anonymous fip from sIuaxa.slu.edu, directory /pub/millesjg, filename
newusers.faq, or from ubvm.cc.buffdo.edu, directory /NETTRAIN, filename
NEWUSERS.FAQ.

It may also be obtained by e-mail by sending a message to

[email protected] containing only the line:
GET NEWUSERS FAQ NETTRAIN F=MAIL

"Where to Start" for New Internet Users is also available on the World-Wide Web
(http://lawlib.slu.edu/newusers.htm).

A collection of reviews of Internet books can be obtained by anonymous fip from

ubvm.cc.bufGlo.edu, cd /nettrain. The filenames are nettrain.revs-1, nettrain.revs-2, and
nettrain.revs-3. They may also be obtained by sending a message to
[email protected] only the lines:

GET NETTRAIN REVS-1 NETTRAIN F=MAIL

GET NETTFWN REVS-2 NETTRAIN F=MAIL
GET NETTRAIN REVS-3 NETTRAIN F=MAIL

Jim Milles (listowner, NETTRAINQ UBVM) Phone: (314) 658-2759

Head of Computer Services Fax: (314) 658-3966
Saint Louis University Law Library
3700 Lindell Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63108
E-mail: [email protected]
 The Kovacs Directory of Scholarly E-Conferences
Selected Excerpts: Library Oriented Discussion Lists. For Complete Listings, see "How to
Retrieve the Directory" below.

Copyright 1994 by Diane K. Kovacs, The Directory Team and Kent State University
Libraries. Single copies of this directory from its networked sources, or of specific entries
from their networked sources, may be made for internal purposes, personal use, or study by
an individual, an individual library, or an educational or research institution. The directory
or its contents may not be otherwise reproduced or republished in excerpt or entirety, in
print or electronic form, without permission from Diane K. Kovacs, Kent State University
Libraries. ([email protected])

The Association of Research Libraries has sole permission to produce and sell a print ver-
sion of the Directory of Scholarly E-conferences. Contact Ann Okerson - [email protected] for
more information.

8th Revision Directory of Scholarly Electronic Conferences

March 1994

Contents:
The Directory Team
Scope of the Directory
How to Retrieve the Directory of Scholarly Electronic Conferences.
Subscription Instructions
Definitions
Archives

The Directory Team:

-
Diane Kovacs Editor-in-Chief
(Bitnet)dkovacs@kentvm(Internet)[email protected])

Comparative & Interdisciplinary Humanistic Studies

Languages
Linguistics and Text Analysis
Literature
Writing
Education: Computer Assisted Instruction/EducationalTechnology
Education: Educational Research (general), Grants and Funding
Education: Higher, Adult and Continuing Education
Education: Primary, Secondary (K-12),Vocational and Technical
Education: Miscellaneous Education, Alumni and Student
Groups
Gladys Bell
(Bitnet) gbell@kentvm (Internet) [email protected]

Electronic Library Network 109

Basic Internet Took

Anthropology and Archaeology

Geography and MiscRegional and Individual Country Studies
History
Latin American Studies
Social Work
Social Activism
Sociology and Demography

Michael Kovacs (Internet) [email protected]

Computer Science; Social, Cultural and Political aspects of
Computers and Academic Computer Support FlLE

Paul Fehrmann (Bitnet) pfehrman@kentvm(Internet)

[email protected]

Communication Studies
Journalism
Philosophy and Ethics
Psychology
Religious Studies

Leslie Haas (Bitnet)lhaas@kentvm

(Internet)[email protected]

Criminal Justice
Law
Political Science and Politics
Business
News
Weather and Meteorology
Animal Sciences (Zoology)
EnvironmentalSciences
(ADA) Americans with Disabilities Act Interest Section

Jeanne Langendorfer (Bitnet)jlangend@kentvm

(Internet)[email protected]

Biological Sciences FlLE 5

(except Animal Sciences and Environmental Sciences)
Womens StudiesIGender Studies
Physical Education, Recreation and Dance

Jolene MillerlAmey Park (Bitnet)aparkOkentvm

(Internet)[email protected]/ [email protected]

Physical Sciences FlLE 6 (except Weather and Meteorology)

 Appendix B: Library Oriented Discussion Lists

Kara Robinson (Bitnet)krobinsoOkentvm

(Internet)[email protected]

Art
Dance
Library and Information Science
Popular Culture
Publishing and Related Issues
Music
Theater, Film and Television

2. Scope of the Directory

This directory contains descriptions of electronic conferences (e-conferences) on topics of
interest to scholars. The 8th revision includes relevant new e-conferences created as of
January 1, 1994. E-conference is the umbrella term that includes discussion lists, Internet
interest groups, e-journals, e-newsletters, Usenet newsgroups, forums, etc. We have used
our own judgment in deciding what is of scholarly interest, and accept any advice or argu-
ment about our decisions. We have placed the entries into categories by deciding the
*dominant* academic subject area of the electronic conference. Usenet Newsgroups have
been directly reviewed for inclusion in this version. The Internet and Bitnet addresses are
marked with an (I) or a (B) respectively. Earn and Usenet sites are marked with an (E) or a
(U) respectively.

Many LISTSERV e-conferences have peer sites, in order to save space we have only listed
the main LISTSERV node for these.

Where possible, the information in each record has been checked for currency and accuracy
by contacting the moderators or other contact person.

We chose the term *moderator* as the umbrella term to describe: contact person, coordina-
tor, listowner, editor, moderator, etc.; whoever is in charge.

The field labels are as follows:

LN: (e-conference name)
TI: (topic information)
SU: (subscription information)
ED: (edited? Yes or No - Private lists were called edited)
AR: (archived? if Yes, frequency, Private=subscribers only)
MO: (moderator, editor, listowner, manager, coordinator,etc.)
SA: (submission address(es))
KE: (keywords)

Topic descriptions are taken in whole or part from the descriptions provided by each mod-
erator. Thank you to Marty Hoag, Listowner of New-List for providing the archives of
New-List as a clearing house for list information. Special thank you to David Hartland.
NISPIMailbase Project, Computing Service, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne for
information on 235 of the United Kingdom MAILBASE e-conferences. Thank you also to
Teri Harrison for updating and providing information on the COMSERVE conferences,
Pedro Saizar for providing information on Latin American Studies electronic conferences,
Joseph Van Zwaren for Israeli electronic conference information, and Joan Korenman for
information on Women's Studies conferences, Jean Schneider for confirming european e-
conferences and Hunter Monroe for checking on the unannounced and relocated e-confer-
ences. Thank you very sincerely to all the individuals who contributed conference names,

Electronic Library Network 111

Basic Internet Tooh

information and feedback about conference statuses. Any errors are the responsibility of the
compilers of each section. If you can provide corrections or additional information about
any of these electronic conferences, please contact the Directory Team member responsible
for that area or:

-
Diane Kovacs Editor-in-Chief
(Bitnet) DKOVACS@KENTVM
(Internet) [email protected]

3. How to retrieve the Directory of Scholarly E-Conferences

ACADLIST README (explanatory notes for the Directory)
ACADLIST INDEX (Listname and Keyword Index of the Directory) 96 k
ACADSTAC HQX (binhexed, self-decompressing, HYPERCARD
version of the Directory - Keyword
searchable) 587 k (1 meg. decompressed.)
ACADSMAL HQX (discontinued but the regular stack should work
on small screen Macs now.
ACADLIST FILE1 (Education and Library and Information
Science) 120 k
ACADLIST FILE2 (Art and Architecture through Linguistics and Text
Analysis) 79 k
ACADLIST FILE3 (Literature through Writing) 98 k
ACADLIST FILE4 (Social Sciences) 141 k
ACADLIST FILE5 (Biological Sciences) 63 k
ACADLIST FILE6 (Physical Sciences) 77 k
ACADLIST FILE7 (Business, Economics, Publishing and News) 38 k
ACADLIST FILE8 (Computer Science) 77 k
ACADLIST FILE9 (Social, Cultural, and Political Aspects of Computing; and Academic
Computing Support) 96 k

PRINT version is available from the Association for Research

Libraries. The print version is combined with the Directory of
Electronic Journals and is called -The Directory of Electronic
Journals Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists- Contact
Ann Okerson - [email protected] more information.

How to retrieve Gles from the LISTSERV@KENTVMor

1. Send an e-mail message addressed to LISTSERVQKENTVM or

[email protected].
2. Leave the subject and other info lines blank.
3. The message must read:
GET Filename Filetype f=mail
(e.g., ACADLIST FILE1 or ACADSTAC HQX or whatever)
4. If you need assistance receiving, etc, contact your local
Computer Services people

How to retreive files via anonymous FTP to KSUVXA.KENT.EDU

1. type: ftp KSUVXA.KENT.EDU
at your dollar sign prompt (VAX) your shell prompt (Unix) or
ready screen (IBM VM). If you are on another kind of system
 Appendix B: Library Oriented Discussion Lists

consult with your computer services people to find out the

proper procedure.
2. when prompted for 'USERID,' type anonymous
3. Your password will be your actual userid on your local
machine.
4. Type: cd library
5. Type: get Filename.Filetype
(e.g., ACADLIST.FILE1 or ACADSTAC.HQX or whatever)
6. The files will be transferred directly into the directory
you ftp'ed from.
GOPHER gopher.usask.ca and gopher.cni.org (there are several other sites as well)

4. General Subscription Instructions:

To subscribe to a LISTSERV (both Unix Internet and IBMIVM LISTSERV software is in
use. Both Internet and Bitnet addresses are provided where possible), COMSERVE, LIST-
PROC, MAILBASE, MAILSERV, MAJORDOMO, NEWSERV or SARASERV discussion
list send an e-mail message addressed to the Bitnet or Internet address provided in the SU:
field. Leave the subject line blank. The text of the message *must* read:

SUBSCRIBE LISTNAME Yourfirstname Yourlastname Your Institution

(LISTNAME means the name of the list..e.g. if the LN: field says LIBREF-
[email protected] LISTNAME is LIBREF-L)

Bitnet users should use the Bitnet address. Internet users should use the Internet server
address. Do not include any other text and *leave the subject line blank* as this is being
read by a computer and not a person....the machine just won't understand and will bounce
back your command if it is not worded as specified above.

To subscribe to Internet Interest Groups, you send an e-mail message to list-

REQUEST@host (e.g., [email protected]). The -
REQUEST address gets you to the Coordinator, rather than to the membership of the
entire e-conference. Please look carehlly at the entry for each list you are interested in, to
see if a -REQUEST address has been provided. Include your name, address, and institu-
tional affiliation in your message

Usenet Newsgroups are generally accessed by typing "RN" or "NN" at the shell prompt,
ready screen or $ prompt on your e-mail account. Check with your Computer Services
People to find out what the local availability and procedures are for access to Usenet
Newsgroups.

Subscription directions for other types of discussions are included with individual entries.

5. Definitions
BITNET--Because Its Time Network...BITNET was established as an academic network for
scholars from different universities all over the world to communicate with each other.
BITNET uses RSCS protocol. This means that messages/commands are "leap-frogged"
from one BITNET connected Computer to another (e.g., Kent State University to Ohio
State University to University of Houston).

EARN-- is the European Academic Research Network and works similarly to (and is direct-
ly connected to) the Bitnet.

FTP-- File Transfer Protocol, allows moving files from one computer to another using the

Electronic Library Network 113

Basic Internet Tooh

Internet protocols.

Internet-- The international network of networks based on the TCPIIP protocol. That is,
to be connected to the Internet, a computer must be running the TCPIIP software, have a
registered domain, and a telecommunications connection to other computers running
TCPIIP (e.g., connected through OARNET).

Usenet-- A worldwide Unix-based network that supports the distribution of messages; e.g.,
USENET NEWS

*If you find other terms that you would like to understand please contact us and we'll be
glad to help.

6. Archives
Archives are available for many discussions. On LISTSERV, COMSERVE, MAILSERV
and MAILBASE to receive a list of files available from a server send the command:

INDEX LISTNAME to SERVER@NODEID

You can then send the message:GET Filename Filetype to the SERVER@NODEID.(SERV-
ER means LISTSERV or COMSERVE or MAILBASE or MAILSERV or whatever,
NODEID means the site of the server which runs the e-conference)

It is also possible to search Bitnet LISTSERV and COMSERVE discussion archives for
items of particular interest to you. For details on archives searching:

For LISTSERV send e-mail with the message

INFO DATABASE

to a LISTSERV of your choice. (e.g. [email protected])

For COMSERVE send e-mail with the message HELPFILE

Some discussions maintain archives available via anonymous FTl? This is noted where
available. In the next revision sites where archives are maintained on other types of Internet
server, e.g. GOPHER, MWW.

Copyright 1994 by Diane K. Kovacs, The Directory Team and Kent State University
 Appendix B: Library Oriented Discmsion Lists

=Education and Library and lnformation Science File 1=

........................
Education sections compiled by Diane K. Kovacs -
DKOVACSQ kentvm.kent.edu
Library and lnformation Science section compiled by Kara Robinson -
KROBINSOOkentvm.kent.edu

=Library and lnformation Science=

compiled by Kara Robinson - KROBINSOOkentvm.kent.edu
.......................
LN: ACQNET
TI: The Acquisitions Librarian's Electronic Network.
SU: (I) [email protected]
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, anonymous ftp to LIBRARY.CORNELL.EDU in the directory
Ipublacqnet and related sub-directories
MO: Christian Boissonnas (B) CRI QCORNELLC
SA: (B) ACQNETOCORNELLC
KE: Acquisitions (Library science) - Serials - Library Collections

LN: ACRLNY-L
TI: Bulletin Board designed to facilitate rapid communication about
library jobs and events.
SU: (B) MAILSERVQNYUACF (I) [email protected]
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, anonymous ftp to ACFCLUSTER.NYU.EDU
MO: Sue Schub (B) SCHUBONYUACF (I) SCHUBOACFCLUSTER.NYU.EDU
SA: (B) ACRLNY-LONYUACF (I) ACRLNY-LOACFCLUSTER.NYU.EDU
KE: Library Events - Employment

LN: ADVANC-L
TI: Geac Advance Library System. ADVANC-L is a discussion forum for
issues related to the GEAC Advance Library System and its users.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIDBSU (I) LISTSERVQIDBSU.IDBSU.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.advance-I
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Daniel Lester (B) ALILESTEOIDBSU (I) [email protected]
SA: (B) ADVANC-LQ IDBSU (I) ADVANC-LO IDBSU.IDBSU.EDU
KE: GEAC Advance - OPACs - Library Automated Systems

LN: ALCTS
TI: Association for Library Collections and Technical Services.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUICVM (I) LISTSERVQUICVM.UIC.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: No
MO: (B) U34261QUICVM - (B) U19466QUICVM - (B) U31452QUICVM
SA: (B) ALCTSOUICVM (I) ALCTSOUICVM.UIC.EDU
KE: Technical Services (Library science) - Acquisitions (Library
science) - Library Collections

LN: ALF-L
TI: Academic Librarians Forum. ALF-L is concerned with exploring the
working conditions of academic librarians.
SU: (B) LISTSERVOYORKVMI (I)LISTSERVQVM1.YORKU.CA

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Basic Internet Tools

ED: No
AR: Yes, Weekly, Private
MO: Tiit Kodar (B) TKODARQYORKVM:! (I) TKODARQVM2.YORKU.CA
SA: (B) ALF-LQYORKVMI (I) ALF-LQVMI .YORKU.CA
KE: Academic Librarians - Universities - Work Environment

LN: ARCHIVES
-
TI: Archives Archival Theory and Practice Archives. For all
persons involved andlor interested in archival theory and practice.
SU: (8) LlSTSERVQMlAMlU (I) LISTSERVQMIAMIU.MUOHIO.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: John B. Harlan (B)JBHCOORDQMIAVXl (I) JBHCOORDQMlAVXl.MUOHIO.EDU
SA: (B) ARCHIVESQMIAMIU (I) ARCHlVESQMIAMIU.MUOHIO.EDU
KE: Archives - Archival Theory - Archivists

LN: ARLIS-L
TI: Art Libraries Society E-conference.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUKCC (I) LISTSERVQUKCC.UKY.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly, Private
MO: Mary Molinaro (B) MOLINAROQUKCC - Jack Stewart (I)
MSTEWOOQUKCC.UKY.EDU
SA: (B) ARLIS-LQUKCC (I) ARLIS-LOUKCC.UKY.EDU
KE: Art Librarians - Humanities Librarians - ARLIS

LN: ASIS-L
TI: American Society for lnformation Science E-conference.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUVMVM (I) LlSTSERVQUVMVM.UVM.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly, Private
MO: Merri Beth Lavagnino (B) MLAVAGNIQUVMVM - Debbie Lords (I)
DLORDSOALEXANDRIA.LIB.UTAH.EDU
SA: (B) ASIS-LQUVMVM (I) [email protected]
KE: lnformation Science - ASlS (American Society for lnformation
Science) - Computer Networks

LN: AUTOCAT
TI: Library Cataloging and Authorities E-conference.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUBVM (I) LISTSERVQUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.autocat
ED: No
AR: Yes, Weekly,
MO: Judith Hopkins (B) ULCJHOUBVM (I) ULCJHOUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU
SA: (B) AUTOCATOUBVM (I) AUTOCATQUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU
KE: Cataloging (Library science) - Authority Control (Library
science) - Technical Services (Library science)

LN: BI-L
TI: BI-L is an e-conference dedicated to discussing ways of
assisting library users in efficiently exploiting the resources
available in and through the library of the 1990s.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQBINGVMB (I) LlSTSERVQBINGVMB.CC.BINGHAMTON.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Martin Raish (B) MRAlSHQ BlNGVMB
 Appendix B: Library Oriented Disczlssion Lists

SA: (B) BI-LQBINGVMB (I) [email protected]

KE: Bibliographic Instruction - Library Use Education

LN: BUSLIB-L
TI: Discussion forum for issues related to business libraries.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIDBSU (I) LISTSERVQIDBSU.IDBSU.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.buslib-I
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Barbara Butler (I) BUTLERQEQUINOX.UNR.EDU
SA: (B) BUSLIB-LQIDBSU (I) [email protected]
KE: Business Librarians - Social Sciences Librarians

LN: CALL-L
TI: Canadian Academic Law Libraries E-conference.
SU: (B) LlSTSERVQUNBVMl (I) LISTSERVQUNB.CA
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: John Sadler (I) JSADLERQUNB.CA
SA: (8) CALL-LO UNBVMI (I) CALL-LQ UNB.CA
KE: Canadian Law Libraries

LN: CHMINF-L
TI: Chemical Information Sources E-conference.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIUBVM (I) LISTSERVQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Gary Wiggins (B) GWlGGlNSQlUBVM
SA: (B) CHMINF-LQIUBVM (I) CHMINF-LQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
KE: Chemistry lnformation Resources - Science Information Resources

LN: CIRCPLUS
TI: Circplus is a discussion forum for issues relating to
circulation, reserves, stack maintenance and similar issues in
libraries.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIDBSU (I) LISTSERVQIDBSU.IDBSU.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.circplus
ED: No
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: Daniel Lester (8) ALILESTEQIDBSU (I) ALILESTEQIDBSU.IDBSU.EDU
SA: (B) CIRCPLUSQIDBSU (I) CIRCPLUSQIDBSU.IDBSU.EDU
KE: Circulation (Library science) - Library Reserves - Library
Stacks - Public Services (Library science)

LN: COLLDV-L
TI: COLLDV-L is a moderated discussion e-conference directed
primarily to library collection development officers,
bibliographers, and selectors plus others involved with library
collection development, including interested publishers and vendors.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUSCVM (I) LISTSERVQVM.USC.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Lynn Sipe (B) LSIPEQUSCVM (I) LSIPEQVM.USC.EDU
SA: (B) COLLDV-LQUSCVM (I) COLLDV-LQVM.USC.EDU
KE: Library Collections -Acquisitions (Library science) - Technical
Services (Library science)

Electronic Library Network 117

Basic Internet Tooh

LN: COLLIB-L
TI: ACRL College Library Communications. Its primary role is to
serve as a vehicle for communication among members of the ACRL's
College Libraries Section. It is also intended to serve as a forum
for the discussion of issues relevant to college librarians and
staff who serve primarily 4-year undergraduate institutions.
SU: (I) LlSTSERVQWILLAMETTE.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Larry R. Oberg (I) LOBERGQWILLAMETTE.EDU
SA: (I) [email protected]
KE: ACRL College Libraries Section - Academic Librarians

LN: COMENIUS
TI: Comenius is an open discussion and forum for news on the
development of library and information services through computing
technology and networking. (English Language)
SU: (E) LISTSERVQCSEARN (I) LlSTSERVQEARN.CVUT.CZ
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Alexandra Cernochova (E) ALEXAPRGOCSEARN
SA: (E) COMENIUSQCSEARN (I) COMENlUSQEARN.CVUT.CZ
KE: Computer Networks - Computers and Libraries

LN: CONSERVATION DlSTLlST

TI: Preservation of Library Materials E-conference. (Digest Format)
SU: (I) [email protected]
ED: Yes
AR: No
MO: Walter Henry (B) XB.K98QSTANFORD (I) CONSDIST-
REQUESTQLINDY.STANFORD.EDU
SA: (I) CONSDISTQLINDY.STANFORD.EDU
KE: Conservation - Preservation - Library Collections

LN: COOPCAT
TI: COOPCAT has been established to serve as a clearinghouse of
information to aid in the formation of cooperative cataloging
arrangements between libraries.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQNERVM (I) LlSTSERVQNERVM.NERDC.UFL.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Willy Cromwell (B) CN.WICOSTANFORD - Carol Walton (B)
CARWALTQ NERVM
SA: (B) COOPCATQNERVM (I) [email protected]
KE: Cooperative Cataloging (Library science) - Cataloging (Library
science) - Technical Services (Library science)

LN: ELDNET-L
TI: (ASEE) Engineering Libraries Division Network covers issues of
interest to engineering and related subject area libraries and
librarians. Sponsored by the Engineering Libraries Division of the
American Society of Engineering Education.
SU: (8) LISTSERVQUIUCVMD (I)LISTSERVQVMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
 Appendix B: Libray Oriented Discussion Lists

MO: Mel DeSart (B) DESARTQUIUCVMD (I) [email protected]

SA: (B) ELDNET-LQUIUCVMD (I) ELDNET-LQVMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU
KE: Engineering Librarians - ASEE (Engineering Libraries Division of
the American Society of Engineering Education)

LN: EXLlBRlS
TI: Rare Books and Special Collections E-conference.
SU: (B) LlSTSERVQRUNMl (I) LlSTSERVQRUNMl .RUTGERS.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Peter Graham (B) GRAHAMQZODIAC (I) PSGRAHAMQGANDALF.RUGERS.EDU
SA: (B) EXLlBRlSQRUTVMl(I) EXLlBRlSQRUNM1.RUTGERS.EDU
KE: Rare Books - Manuscripts (Library science) - Special Collections
(Library science)

LN: GAY-LIBN
TI: GayILesbianlBisexual Librarians Network. Discussions will often
be directly related to libraries or library associations.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUSCVM (I) LISTSERVQVM.USC.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Weekly, Private
MO: Ivan E. Calimano (I) CALIMANOQVM.USC.EDU - Kevin R. Trimmer (I)
TRIMMERQVM.USC.EDU
SA: (B) GAY-LIBN@ USCVM (I) GAY-LIBNQVM.USC.EDU
KE: Gay Librarians - Lesbian Librarians - Bisexual Librarians -
MOTSS

LN: GEONET-L
TI: Geoscience Librarians and Information Specialists E-conference.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIUBVM (I) LISTSERVQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Yearly, Private
MO: Lois Heiser (B) HEISERQIUBACS (I) [email protected]
SA: (B) GEONET-LO IUBVM (I) GEONET-LQ IUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
KE: Geosciences Librarians - Earth Sciences

LN: GOVDOC-L
TI: Discussion of Government Documents Issues.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQPSUVM (I)[email protected] (U)
bit.listserv.govdoc-I
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: Raeann Dossett (B) RAEDQUIUCVMD (I) RAEDQVMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU -
Diane Kovacs (B) DKOVACSQKENNM (I) DKOVACSQ KENTVM.KENTEDU
SA: (B) GOVDOC-LQPSUVM (I) GOVDOC-LQPSUVM.PSU.EDU
KE: Government Documents - GPO (Government Printing Office) - Public
Services (Library science)

LN: ILL-L
TI: Designed to be a discussion of policies, procedures, problems,
etc. for interlibrary loan.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUVMVM (I) LISTSERVQUVMVM.UVM.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: Patricia Mardeusz (B) PMARDEUS@UVMVM
SA: (B) ILL-L@UVMVM(I) ILL-LQUVMVM.UVM.EDU

Electronic Library Network 119

Basic Internet Tooh

KE: Interlibrary Loan - Library Resource Sharing - Public Services

(Library science)

LN: LAW-LIB
TI: Law Librarians.
SU: (I) LAW-REQQUCDAVIS.EDU
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Judy Janes (I) JCJANESOUCDAVIS.EDU
SA: (I) LAW-LIBQUCDAVIS.EDU
KE: Law Librarians

LN: LAWLIBREF-L
TI: Law Library Reference Queries List. LAWLIBREF-L is intended to
relieve the LAWLIB List of reference type queries. The aim is to
establish a discussion list for reference librarians working in law
libraries. Content will include reference queries (U.S. Federal and
State Law emphasis) and reference issues (policy, collection
development, resource sharing, etc.).
SU: (I) LISTSERVQACC.WUACC.EDU
ED:
AR:
MO: Mark Folmsbee (I) ZZFOLMQACC.WUACC.EDU - Lissa Holzhausen (I)
ZZHOLZQACC.WUACC.EDU
SA: (I) LAWLIBREF-LQACC,WUACC.EDU
KE: Law - Librarianship - Reference - Reference Questions

LN: LlBADMlN
TI: Library Administration and Management.
SU: (8) LISTSERVQUMAB (I) [email protected]
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Pamela Bluh (B) PBLUHQUMAB - John Culshaw (I)
CULSHAW-J QCUBLDR.COLORADO.EDU
SA: (B) LIBADMINQUMAB (I) LIBADMINQUMAB.UMD.EDU
KE: Library Administration - Library Management - Library Planning

LN: LIBREF-L
TI: LIBREF-L was created in response to a perceived desire for a
quick and interactive communications medium for reference
librarians. This is a discussion of the changing environment of
library reference services and activities.
SU: (B) LISTSERVOKENTVM (I) LISTSERVQKENTVM.KENT.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.libref-I
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: LIBREF-L Moderators (0) LIBREFEDOKENTVM (I)
LIBREFEDQKENNM.KENT.EDU - Kara L. Robinson (B) KROBINSOQKENTVM (I)
KROBINSOQ KENTVM.KENT.EDU
SA: (B) LIBREF-LQKENTVM(I) LIBREF-LQKENTVM.KENT.EDU
KE: Reference Services (Library science) - Public Services (Library
science)

LN: LIBRES
TI: Distribution of the LIBRES: Library and Information Science
Research Electronic Journal.
 Appendix B: Library Oriented Discussion Lists

SU: (B) LISTSERVQKENTVM (I) LlSTSERVQKENTVM.KENT.EDU (U)

bit.listserv.libres
ED: Yes
AR: Contact the Moderator.
MO: LIBRES Editors (B) EDITORSQKENTVM (I) [email protected]
Diane K. Kovacs (B) DKOVACSQKENTVM (I) DKOVACSO KENTVM.KENT.EDU
SA: Distribution only.
KE: Library and Information Science - Research

LN: LIBSUP-L
TI: Library Support Staff.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUWAVM (I) LlSTSERVQUWAVM.U.WASHINGTON.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Mary Kalnin (I) KALNINQCARSON.U.WASHINGTON.EDU
SA: (B) LIBSUP-LQUWAVM (I) LIBSUP-LQUWAVM.U.WASHINGTON.EDU
KE: Library Support Staff - Library Personnel

LN: LM-NET
TI: School Library Media e-conference that focuses on the topics of
interest to the school library media community, including the latest
on school library media services, operations, and activities. It is
an e-conference of practitioners helping practitioners...linking
schools through their library media centers.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQSUVM (I) LISTSERVOSUVM.ACS.SYR.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, on ASKEric Gopher
MO: Mike Eisenberg (B) MIKEQSUVM (I) MlKEQERICIR.SYR.EDU Peter
Milbury (I) PMILBURQEIS.CALSTATE.EDU
SA: (B) LM-NETQSUVM (I) LM-NETQSUVM.ACS.SYR.EDU
KE: School Media Centers -Audio-visual Services

LN: MAPS-L
TI: Maps and Air Photo Systems Forum. An international discussion
forum for Map Librarians, other librarians dealing with or
interested in cartographic information and cartomaniacs of all
types.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUGA (I) LlSTSERVQUGA.CC.UGA.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Jean Snow (B) JEANQUGA - Johnnie D. Sutherland (B) JSUTHERLQUGA
SA: (B) MAPS-LOUGA (I) LISTSERVQUGA.CC.UGA.EDU
KE: Map Librarians - Cartography Librarians - Geography Librarians

LN: MEDLIB-L
TI: MEDLIB-L is an e-conference for medical and health sciences
libraries. Practical and theoretical issues in public and technical
services are discussed. This forum is for ideas, questions,
announcements, and concerns specific to health sciences libraries.
Sponsored by the Medical Library Association.
SU: (8) LISTSERVQUBVM (I) LlSTSERVOUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.medlib-I
ED: No
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Sharon Murphy (B) HSLSCMOUBVM - Nancy Start (8) HSLSTARTOUBVM
(I) HSLSTARTQUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU

Electronic Library Network 121

Basic Internet Took

SA: (8) MEDLIB-LQUBVM (I) MEDLIB-LQUBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU

KE: Medical Librarians - Health Sciences Librarians

LN: MLA-L
TI: E-conference for the Music Library Association.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIUBVM (I) LlSTSERVQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU (U)
bit.listselv.mla-l
ED: No
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: Richard Griscom (B) RWGRISOl QULKYVM (I)
RWGRlSOl QULKYVM.LOUISVILLE.EDU - A. Ralph Papakhian (8)
PAPAKHIQIUBVM
SA: (B) MLA-LQIUBVM (I) MLA-LQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
KE: MLA (Music Library Association) - Music Librarians

LN: NATRESLIB-L
TI: Natural Resources Librarians and lnformation Specialists
Discussion Group. This new list exists to provide a medium for
interaction between Natural Resource Librarians and lnformation
Specialists. All issues, questions, brainstorming, or discussions
pertaining to natural resources librarianship are welcome on this
unmoderated list.
SU: Contact the Moderator
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Anne Hedrich (I) ANNHEDQCC.USU.EDU
SA: (I) NATRESLIB-LQCC.USU.EDU
KE: Librarianship - Natural Resources - Sciences

LN: OFFCAMP
TI: Off-Campus Library Services E-conference.
SU: (B) LlSTSERVQWAYNESTl (I) LISTSERVOCMS.CC.WAYNE.EDU
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Barton Lessin (B) BLESSINQWAYNESTI
SA: (B) OFFCAMPQWAYNESTI (I) 0FFCAMPOCMS.CC.WAYNE.EDU
KE: Off-site Library Users - Library Services - Remote Access to
Library Services

LN: PACS-L
TI: Public-Access Computer Systems Forum deals with all computer
systems that libraries make available to their patrons, including
CD- ROM databases, computer-assisted instruction (CAI and ICAI)
programs, expert systems, hypermedia programs, library microcomputer
facilities, and local databases. Sponsored by the University of
Houston, University Libraries and the lnformationTechnology
Division.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQUHUPVMl (I) LlSTSERVQUHUPVMl.UH.EDU (U)
bit.listserv.pacs-l
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Weekly
MO: (B) LIBPACSQUHUPVM1
SA: (B) PACS-LQUHUPVM1 (I) PACS-LQUHUPVM1.UH.EDU
KE: Public Access to Computers - CD-ROMs - OPACs - Library Services

LN: PNWCSC
 Appendix B: Library Oriented Disczlssion Lists

TI: PNWCSC Pacific Northwest Canadian Studies Consortium Librarians.

SU: (0) LISTSERVQUWAVM (I) LISTSERVQUWAVM.U.WASHINGTON.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly, Private
MO: (I) LDIBIASEQU.WASHINGTON.EDU
SA: (8) PNWCSCQUWAVM (I) PNWCSCQUWAVM.U.WASHINGTON.EDU
KE: Canadian Studies Librarians - Pacific Northwest Librarians

LN: PUBLIB
TI: General issues, including net-related topics, in Public
Libraries. All postings to PUBLIB-NET (focused discussion of the
Internet and Public Libraries) are also posted to PUBLIB.
SU: (I) LISTSERVQNYSERNET.ORG
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, available on the NYSERNET Gopher
MO: John lliff (I) JILIFFQFIRNVX.FIRN.EDU - Jean Armour Polly (I)
JPOLLY QNYSERNETORG
SA: (I) [email protected]
KE: Public Libraries - Librarians

LN: PUBLIB-NET
TI: Focused discussion on the use of the Internet in public
libraries. All discussions on PUBLIB-NET will also be posted to
PUBLIB.
SU: (I) LISTSERVQNYSERNET.ORG
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, available on the NYSERNET Gopher
MO: John lliff (I) JILIFFQFIRNVX.FIRN.EDU - Jean Armour Polly (I)
JPOLLY QNYSERNET.ORG
SA: (I) PUBLIB-NETQNYSERNET.ORG
KE: Public Libraries - Internet

LN: PUBYAC
TI: Children's and Young Adult Services in Public Libraries.
SU: (I) LlSTSERVQLIS.PIll.EDU
ED: No
AR: Yes
MO: Margarent Mary Kimmel (I) KIMMELQLIS.PIll.EDU - Shannon L.
VanHeemert (I) SENTI QLIS.PITT.EDU
SA: (I) PUBYACQLIS.PITT.EDU
KE: Public Libraries - Children - Young Adults - Public Service

LN: SERIALST
TI: SERIALS in Libraries E-conference was established in order to
serve as an informal electronic forum for most aspects of serials
processing in libraries. Topics may include such things as:
cataloging, acquisitions, collection management, serials budgets and
pricing issues, binding, preservation, microfilm, union list
activities, announcements, news and job postings, etc.
SU: (0) LISTSERVQUVMVM (I) LlSTSERVQUVMVM.UVM.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Birdie MacLennan (0) BMACLENNQUVMVM (I) BMACLENNQUVMVM.UVM.EDU
SA: (0) SERIALSTQUVMVM (I) SERlALSTQUVMVM.UVM.EDU
KE: Technical Services (Library science) - Serials - Acquisitions
(Library science)
-

Electronic Library Network

Basic Internet Tooh

LN: SLAJOB
TI: Special Libraries Association Employment Opportunities-
International.
SU: (B) LISTSERVQIUBVM (I) LISTSERVQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
ED: Yes
AR: Yes, Monthly
MO: Spencer Anspach (I) SANSPACHQUCS.INDIANA.EDU - Roger Backman (I)
BECKMANRQ UCS.INDIANA.EDU
SA: (B) SLAJOBQIUBVM (I) SLAJOBQIUBVM.UCS.INDIANA.EDU
KE: SLA (Special Libraries Association) - Employment (International)

LN: STUMPERS-L
TI: STUMPERS-L is a networking resource for reference questions that
have people, in essence, stumped!
SU: (I) MAILSERVQCRF.CUIS.EDU
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Joann M. Wleklinski (I) ROSLIBREFRCOCRF.CUIS.EDU
SA: (I) STUMPERS-LISTQCRF.CUIS.EDU
KE: Reference Questions - Knowledge Sharing

LN: TQMLIB
TI: Total Quality Management for Librarians. TQMLIB is open to
anyone interested in TQM applications in the library environment.
SU: (0) LlSTSERVQWAYNESTl (I) LlSTSERVQCMS.CC.WAYNE.EDU
ED: No
AR: No
MO: Barton Lessin (B) BLESSINQWAYNESTI (I) BLESSINQCMS.CC.WAYNE.EDU
SA: (B) TQMLlBQWAYNESTl (I) TQMLIBQCMS.CC.WAYNE.EDU
KE: TQM (Total Quality Management) - Libraries - Library
Administration
 Network Working Group G. Makin
Request for Comments: 1392 Xylogics, Inc.
FYI: 18 T. LaQuey Parker
UTexas
Editors
January 1993

Internet Users' Glossary

(Selected Entries)

Status of this Memo

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify
an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract
There are many networking glossaries in existence. This glossary concentrates on
terms which are specific to the Internet. Naturally, there are entries for some basic
terms and acronyms because other entries refer to them.

Acknowledgements
This document is the work of the User Glossary Working Group of the User
Services Area of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

Electronic Library Network 125

Baic Internet Took
 Appendix C- Glossary of Terrns

GLOSSARY
:-)
This odd symbol is one of the ways a person can portray "mood" in the very flat
medium of computers--by using "smiley faces". This is "metacommunication",
and there are literally hundreds of such symbols, from the obvious to the obscure.
This particular example expresses "happiness". Don't see it? Tilt your head to the
left 90 degrees. Smiles are also used to denote sarcasm. [Source: ZEN]
address
There are three types of addresses in common use within the Internet. They are
email address; I c internet or Internet address; and hardware or MAC address. See
also: email address, IP address, internet address.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
A standard character-to-number encoding widely used in the computer industry.
See also: EBCDIC.
anonymous FTP
Anonymous FTP allows a user to retrieve documents, files, programs, and other
archived data from anywhere in the Internet without having to establish a userid
and password. By using the special userid of "anonymous" the network user will
bypass local security checks and will have access to publicly accessible files on the
remote system. See also: archive site, File Transfer Protocol.
application
A program that performs a function directly for a user. FTP, mail and Telnet
clients are examples of network applications.
archie
A system to automatically gather, index and serve information on the Internet.
The initial implementation of archie provided an indexed directory of filenames
fiom all anonymous FTP archives on the Internet. Later versions provide other
collections of information. See also: archive site, Gopher, Wide Area Information
Servers.
archive site
A machine that provides access to a collection of files across the Internet. An
"anonymous FTP archive site", for example, provides access to this material via the
FTP protocol. See also: anonymous FTP, archie, Gopher, Wide Area Information
Servers.
ASCII
See: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
backbone
The top level in a hierarchical network. Stub and transit networks which connect
to the same backbone are paranteed to be interconnected.
bandwidth
Technically, the difference, in Hertz (Hz), between the highest and lowest
fi-equencies of a transmission channel. However, as typically used, the amount of
data that can be sent through a given communications circuit.
binary
11001001
Bitnet

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An academic computer network that provides interactive electronic mail and file
transfer services, using a store-and-forward protocol, based on IBM Network Job
Entry protocols. Bitnet-I1 encapsulates the Bitnet protocol within IP packets and
depends on the Internet to route them.
BMI
By The Way
Bulletin Board System (BBS)
A computer, and associated software, which typically provides electronic messaging
services, archives of files, and any other services or activities of interest to the
bulletin board system's operator. Although BBS's have traditionally been the
domain of hobbyists, an increasing number of BBS's are connected directly to the
Internet, and many BBS's are currently operated by government, educational, and
research institutions. See also: Electronic Mail, Internet. [Source: NWNET]
Campus Wide lnformation System (CWIS)
A CWIS makes information and services publicly available on campus via kiosks,
and makes interactive computing available via kiosks, interactive computing
systems and campus networks. Services routinely include directory information,
calendars, bulletin boards, databases.
client-server model
A common way to describe the paradigm of many network protocols. Examples
include the name-serverlname-resolver relationship in DNS and the file-serverlfile-
client relationship in NFS. See also: Domain Name System.
CNI
See: Coalition for Networked Information
Coalition for Networked lnformation (CNI)
A consortium formed by American Research Libraries, CAUSE, and EDUCOM to
promote the creation of, and access to, information resources in networked
environments in order to enrich scholarship and enhance intellectual productivity.
Computer Emergency ResponseTeam (CERT)
The CERT was formed by DARPA in November 1988 in response to the needs
exhibited during the Internet worm incident. The CERT charter is to work with
the Internet community to facilitate its response to computer security events
involving Internet hosts, to take proactive steps to raise the community's awareness
of computer security issues, and to conduct research targeted at improving the
security of existing systems. CERT products and services include 24-hour technical
assistance for responding to computer security incidents, product vulnerability
assistance, technical documents, and tutorials. In addition, the team maintains a
number of mailing lists (including one for CERT Advisories), and provides an
anonymous FTP server, at "cert.orgW,where security-related documents and tools
are archived. The CERT may be reached by email at "[email protected]" and by
telephone at + 1-412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline).
Cyberspace
A term coined by William Gibson in his fantasy novel Neuromancer to describe
the "world" of computers, and the society that gathers around them. [Source:
ZEN]
DDN
See: Defense Data Network
DDN NIC

12%
 Appendix C: Glossary of Terms

See: Defense Data Network Network Information Center

Defense Data Network (DDN)
A global communications network serving the US Department of Defense
composed of MILNET, other portions of the Internet, and classified networks
which are not part of the Internet. The D D N is used to connect military
installations and is managed by the Defense Information Systems Agency.
Defense Data Network Network Information Center (DDN NIC)
Often called "The NIC", the DDN NIC's primary responsibility is the assignment
of Internet network addresses and Autonomous System numbers, the
administration of the root domain, and providing information and support services
to the DDN. It is also a primary repository for RFCs.
dialup
A temporary, as opposed to dedicated, connection between machines established
over a standard phone line.
Directory Access Protocol
X500 protocol used for communication between a Directory User Agent and a
Directory System Agent. [Source: MALAMUD]
Directory System Agent (DSA)
The software that provides the X.500 Directory Service for a portion of the
directory information base. Generally, each DSA is responsible for the directory
information for a single organization or organizational unit. [Source: RFC12081
Directory User Agent (DUA)
The software that accesses the X.500 Directory Service on behalf of the directory
user, The directory user may be a person or ano4her s o h a r e element. [Source:
RFC12081
DNS
See: Domain Name System
domain
"Domain" is a heavily overused term in the Internet. It can be used in the
Administrative Domain context, or the Domain Name context. See also: Domain
Name System.
Domain Name System (DNS)
The DNS is a general purpose distributed, replicated, data query service. The
principal use is the lookup of host IP addresses based on host names. The style of
host names now used in the Internet is called "domain name", because they are the
style of names used to look up anything in the DNS. Some important domains
are: .COM (commercial), .EDU (educational), .NET (network operations), .GOV
(U.S. government), and .MIL (U.S. military). Most countries also have a domain.
For example, .US (United States), .UK (United Kingdom), .AU (Australia). It is
defined in STD 13, RFCs 1034 and 1035. EBCDIC See: Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code
Electronic Mail (email)
A system whereby a computer user can exchange messages with other computer
users (or groups of users) via a communications network. Electronic mail is one of
the most popular uses of the Internet. [Source: NNSC]
email
See: Electronic mail

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email address
The domain-based or UUCP address that is used to send electronic mail to a
specified destination. For example an editor's address is "[email protected]".
[Source: ZEN]
European Academic and Research Network (EARN)
A network connecting European academic and research institutions with electronic
mail and file transfer services using the Bitnet protocol. See also: Bitnet
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)
A standard character-to-number encoding used primarily by IBM computer
systems. See also: ASCII.
FAQ
Frequently Asked Question
file transfer
The copying of a file from one computer to another over a computer network. See
also: File Transfer Protocol, Kermit.
File Transfer Protocol (FrP)
A protocol which allows a user on one host to access, and transfer files to and from,
another host over a network. Also, FTP is usually the name of the program the
user invokes to execute the protocol. It is defined in STD 9, RFC 959. See also:
anonymous FTl?
finger
A program that displays information about a particular user, or all users, logged on
the local system or on a remote system. It typically shows full name, last login
time, idle time, terminal line, and terminal location (where applicable). It may also
display plan and project files left by the user.
flame
A strong opinion and/or criticism of something usually as a frank inflammatory
statement, in an electronic mail message. It is common to precede a flame with an
indication of pending fire (i.e., FLAME ON!). Flame Wars occur when people
start flaming other people for flaming when they shouldn't have. See also:
Electronic Mail
For Your Information (FYI)
A subseries of RFCs that are not technical standards or descriptions of protocols.
FYIs convey general information about topics related to TCPIIP or the Internet.
See also: Request For Comments.
freenet
Community-based bulletin board system with email, information services,
interactive communications, and conferencing Freenets are funded and operated
by individuals and volunteers -- in one sense, like public television. They are part
of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN), an organization based in
Cleveland, Ohio, devoted to making computer telecommunication and networking
services as freely available as public libraries. [Source: LAQUEY]
FrP
See: File Transfer Protocol
FYI
See: For Your Information
gateway
 Appendix C- Glossary of Ems

The term "router" is now used in place of the original definition of "gateway".
Currently, a gateway is a communications device/program which passes data
between networks having similar functions but dissimilar implementations. This
should not be confused with a protocol converter. By this definition, a router is a
layer 3 (network layer) gateway, and a mail gateway is a layer 7 (application layer)
gateway. See also: mail gateway
Gopher
A distributed information service that makes available hierarchical collections of
information across the Internet. Gopher uses a simple protocol that allows a single
Gopher client to access information from any accessible Gopher server, providing
the user with a single "Gopher space" of information. Public domain versions of
the client and server are available. See also: archie, archive site, Wide Area
Information Servers.
header
The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and
destination addresses, and error checking and other fields. A header is also the part
of an electronic mail message that precedes the body of a message and contains,
among other things, the message originator, date and time. See also: Electronic
Mail, packet.
host
A computer that allows users to communicate with other host computers on a
network. Individual users communicate by using application programs, such as
electronic mail, Telnet and FTl? [Source: NNSC]
host address
See: internet address
hostname
The name given to a machine.
hub
A device connected to several other devices. In ARCnet, a hub is used to connect
several computers together. In a message handling service, a hub is used for the
transfer of messages across the network. [Source: MALAMUD]
IMHO
In My Humble Opinion
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
A voluntary, nontreaty organization founded in 1946 which is responsible for
creating international standards in many areas, including computers and
communications. Its members are the national standards organizations of the 89
member countries, including ANSI for the U.S. See also:Open Systems
Interconnection. [Source: TAN]
internet
While an internet is a network, the term "internet" is usually used to refer to a
collection of networks interconnected with routers. See also: network.
Internet
(note the capital "I") The Internet is the largest internet in the world. Is a three
level hierarchy composed of backbone networks (e.g., NSFNET, MILNET), mid-
level networks, and stub networks. The Internet is a multiprotocol internet. See
also: backbone, Internet Protocol, National Science Foundation.

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internet address
A IP address that uniquely identifies a node on an internet. An Internet address
(capital "I"), uniquely identifies a node on the Internet. See also: internet,
Internet, 1P address.
lnternet Protocol (IP)
The Internet Protocol, defined in STD 5, RFC 791, is the network layer for the
TCPIIP Protocol Suite. It is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching
protocol. See also: Request For Comments TCPIIP Protocol Suite.
lnternet Relay Chat (IRC)
A world-wide "party line" protocol that allows one to converse with others in real
time. IRC is structured as a network of servers, each of which accepts connections
from client programs, one per user. [Source: HACKER]
IP address
The %bit address defined by the Internet Protocol in STD 5, RFC 791. It is
usually represented in dotted decimal notation. See also: internet address, Internet
Protocol, host address.
Kermit
A popular file transfer protocol developed by Columbia University. Because Kermit
runs in most operating environments, it provides an easy method of file transfer.
Kermit is N O T the same as FTl? See also: File Transfer Protocol [Source:
MALAMUD]
Knowbot
An experimental directory service. See also: white pages, WHOIS, X500.
listserv
An automated mailing list distribution system originally designed for the
BitnetIEARN network. See also: Bitnet, mailing list.
Lurking
No active participation on the part of a subscriber to an mailing list or USENET
newsgroup. A person who is lurking is just listening to the discussion. Lurking is
encouraged for beginners who need to get up to speed on the history of the group.
See also: Electronic Mail, mailing list. [Source: LAQUEY]
mail bridge
A mail gateway that forwards electronic mail between two or more networks while
ensuring that the messages it forwards meet certain administrative criteria. A mail
bridge is simply a specialized form of mail gateway that enforces an administrative
policy with regard to what mail it forwards. See also: Electronic Mail, mail
gateway. [Source: NNSC]
mail gateway
A machine that connects two or more electronic mail systems (including dissimilar
mail systems) and transfers messages between them. Sometimes the mapping and
translation can be quite complex, and it generally requires a store-and-forward
scheme whereby the message is received from one system completely before it is
transmitted to the next system, after suitable translations. See also: Electronic
Mail. [Source: RFC1208]
mail server
A software program that distributes files or information in response to requests sent
via email. Internet examples include Almanac and netlib. Mail servers have also
been used in Bitnet to provide FTP-like services. See also: Bitnet, Electronic Mail,

1 32
 Appendix C: Glossary of T e r m s

FTP. [Source: NWNET]

mailing list
A list of email addresses, used by a mail exploder, to forward messages to groups of
people. Generally, a mailing list is used to discuss certain set of topics, and
different mailing lists discuss different topics. A mailing list may be moderated.
This means that messages sent to the list are actually sent to a moderator who
determines whether or not to send the messages on to everyone else. Requests to
subscribe to, or leave, a mailing list should ALWAYS be sent to the list's "-requestn
address (e.g., [email protected] for the IETF mailing list). See also:
Electronic Mail
moderator
A person, or small group of people, who manage moderated mailing lists and
newsgroups. Moderators are responsible for determining which email submissions
are passed on to list. See also: Electronic Mail, mailing list.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
An extension to Internet email which provides the ability to transfer non-textual
data, such as graphics, audio and fax. It is defined in RFC 1341. See also:
Electronic Mail
Multi-User Dungeon (MUD)
Adventure, role playing games, or simulations played on the Internet. Devotees
call them "text-based virtual reality adventures". The games can feature fantasy
combat, booby traps and magic. Players interact in real time and can change the
"world" in the game as they play it. Most MUDS are based on the Telnet protocol.
See also: Telnet. [Source: LAQUEY]
National Science Foundation (NSF)
A U.S. government agency whose purpose is to promote the advancement of
science. NSF funds science researchers, scientific projects, and infrastructure to
improve the quality of scientific research. The NSFNET, funded by NSF, is an
essential part of academic and research communications. It is a highspeed
"network of networks" which is hierarchical in nature. At the highest level, it is a
backbone network currently comprising 16 nodes connected to a 45Mbls facility
which spans the continental United States. Attached to that are mid-level networks
and attached to the mid-levels are campus and local networks. NSFNET also has
connections out of the U.S. to Canada, Mexico, Europe, and the Pacific Rim. The
NSFNET is part of the Internet.
netiquette
A pun on "etiquettewreferring to proper behavior on a network.
Netnews
See: Usenet
Network lnformation Center (NIC)
A NIC provides information, assistance and services to network users.
Network Information Services (NIS)
A set of services, generally provided by a NIC, to assist users in using the network.
See also: Network Information Center.
NIC.DDN.MIL
This is the domain name of the D D N NIC. See also: Domain Name System,
Network Information Center.

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Open Systems Interconnection(OSI)

A suite of protocols, designed by I S 0 committees, to be the international standard
computer network architecture. See also:
packet
The unit of data sent across a network. "Packet" a generic term used to describe
unit of data at all levels of the protocol stack, but it is most correctly used to
describe application data units.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
The Point-to-Point Protocol, defined in RFC 1171, provides a method for
transmitting packets over serial point-to-point links. See also: Serial Line IF!
[Source: FYI41
Post Office Protocol (POP)
A protocol designed to allow single user hosts to read mail from a server. There are
three versions: POE POP2, and POP3. Latter versions are NOT compatible with
earlier versions. See also: Electronic Mail.
postmaster
The person responsible for taking care of electronic mail problems, answering
queries about users, and other related work at a site. See also: Electronic Mail.
[Source: ZEN]
PPP
See: Point-to-Point Protocol
protocol
A formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow
to exchange those messages. Protocols can describe low-level details of machine-to-
machine interfaces (e.g, the order in which bits and bytes are sent across a wire) or
high-level exchanges between allocation programs (e.g., the way in which two
programs transfer a file across the Internet). [Source: MALAMUD]
remote login
Operating on a remote computer, using a protocol over a computer network, as
though locally attached. See also: Telnet.
Request For Comments (RFC)
The document series, begun in 1969, which describes the Internet suite of
protocols and related experiments. Not all (in fact very few) RFCs describe
Internet standards, but all Internet standards are written up as RFCs. The RFC
series of documents is unusual in that the proposed protocols are forwarded by the
Internet research and development community, acting on their own behalf, as
opposed to the formally reviewed and standardized protocols that are promoted by
organizations such as CCITT and ANSI.
RFC
See: Request For Comments
Serial Line IP (SLIP)
A protocol used to run IP over serial lines, such as telephone circuits or RS-232
cables, interconnecting two systems. SLIP is defined in RFC 1055. See also:
Point-to-Point Protocol.
server
A provider of resources (e.g., file servers and name servers). See also: Domain Name
System.
 Appendix C. Glossary of E m

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A protocol, defined in STD 10, RFC 821, used to transfer electronic mail between
computers. It is a server to server protocol, so other protocols are used to access
the messages. See also: Electronic Mail, Post Ofice Protocol.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
The Internet standard protocol, defined in STD 15, RFC 1157, developed to
manage nodes on an IP network. It is currently possible to manage wiring hubs,
toasters, jukeboxes, etc.
SLIP
See: Serial Line IP
Ti
An AT&T term for a digital carrier facility used to transmit a DS-1 formatted
digital signal at 1.544 megabits per second.
T3
A term for a digital carrier facility used to transmit a DS-3 formatted digital signal
at 44.746 megabits per second. [Source: FYI41
TCP
See: Transmission Control Protocol
TCPllP Protocol Suite
Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol. This is a common
shorthand which refers to the suite of transport and application protocols which
runs over Il? See also: IP,FTeTelnet,SMTP
TELENET
A public packet switched network using the CCITT X.25 protocols. It should not
be confused with Telnet.
Telnet
Telnet is the Internet standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. It
is defined in STD 8, RFC 854 and extended with options by many other RFCs.
terminal emulator
A program that allows a computer to emulate a terminal. The workstation thus
appears as a terminal to the remote host. [Source: MALAMUD]
terminal server
A device which connects many terminals to a LAN through one network
connection. A terminal server can also connect many network users to its
asynchronous ports for dial-out capabilities and printer access.
TN3270
A variant of the Telnet program that allows one to attach to IBM mainframes and
use the mainGame as if you had a 3270 or similar terminal. [Source: BIG-LAN]
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
An Internet Standard transport layer protocol defined in STD 7, RFC 793. It is
connection-oriented and stream-oriented, as opposed to UDJ?
Usenet
A collection of thousands of topically named newsgroups, the computers which run
the protocols, and the people who read and submit Usenet news. Not all Internet
hosts subscribe to Usenet and not all Usenet hosts are on the Internet. See also:
Network News Transfer Protocol, UNIX-to-UNIX Copy. [Source: NWNET]

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white pages
The Internet supports several databases that contain basic information about users,
such as email addresses, telephone numbers, and postal addresses. These databases
can be searched to get information about particular individuals. Because they serve
a function akin to the telephone book, these databases are often referred to as
"white pages. See also: WHOIS, X.500.
WHOIS
An Internet program which allows users to query a database of people and other
Internet entities, such as domains, networks, and hosts, kept at the DDN NIC.
The information for people shows a person's company name, address, phone
number and email address. See also: white pages, X.500. [Source: FYI41
Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)
A distributed information service which offers simple natural language input,
indexed searching for fast retrieval, and a "relevance feedback" mechanism which
allows the results of initial searches to influence future searches. Public domain
implementations are available. See also: archie, Gopher,
World Wide Web (WWW or W3)
A hypertext-based, distributed information system created by researchers at CERN
in Switzerland. Users may create, edit or browse hypertext documents. The clients
and servers are freely available.
WWW
See: World Wide Web
X
X is the name for TCPIIP based network-oriented window systems. Network
window systems allow a program to use a display on a different computer.The most
widely-implemented window system is XI 1 - a component of MIT's Project
Athena.
X.25
A data communications interface specification developed to describe how data
passes into and out of ~ u b l i cdata communications networks. The CCITT and
I S 0 approved protocol suite defines protocol layers 1 through 3.
X.400
The CCITT and I S 0 standard for electronic mail. It is widely used in Europe and
Canada.
X.500
The CCITT and I S 0 standard for electronic directory services. See also: white
pages, WHOIS.
Yellow Pages (YP)
A service used by UNIX administrators to manage databases distributed across a
network.