Foreword

The Schoolwide English Enrichment and Development Strategies (SEEDS) is a programme

specially designed to arrest the declining standard of English among Malaysians. It is a
comprehensive programme that takes into account every facet of language learning and the
unique problems faced by Malaysians when striving to learn a foreign language. It uses a 3-
pronged strategy namely,

(i) Plan for Improving English in Schools (PIES)

(ii) Formal English Classes (FEC)
(iii) English Immersion Activities (EIA)

This booklet is compiled to facilitate the running of the first component (PIES) and is to be used
for the broadcast and R & R sessions.

The rationale behind PIES is that vocabulary forms the foundation of any language learning. Thus,
PIES is the strategy in the SEEDS programme, designed to help the learner acquire 1500 words
or more within a span of 5 months. The acquisition of 1500 words serves as a springboard,
enabling the learner to participate confidently in the other components of SEEDS (FEC & EIA).

Introduction
SEEDS is designed to be used in a school environment. However, it can be adapted for
individual use. If you are using this booklet and CD-ROM on your own, you should follow these
steps in order to get the maximum benefit.

Steps:

1. Listen to one article at a time, beginning with Article 1.

2. Listen two or three times a day to each article, with a break of at least an hour after each
listening. Note the pronunciation of new words.
3. After each listening, replay the article. Without looking at the article on screen or referring
to your booklet, but merely based on what you hear, write down as much as you can on a
piece of paper. You may only be able to catch some words and phrases the first time.
4. Repeat Step 3 for the second and third listening, using the same piece of paper. Fill in as
much as you can of what you missed previously. By the third listening, you should be able
to reproduce most of the article.
 SEEDS

The Schoolwide English Enrichment and Development Strategies (SEEDS) is a

programme designed as part of the English Everyday Programme (EEDP). Articles in this
booklet are suitable for secondary school students and are taken from various resources
to meet students’ needs. It is hoped that the implementation of this SEEDS programme
will provide a platform for the assimilation of the language into the English language
learners’ world.

Let’s cherish the power of READING!

SEEDS 2022 TEAM

MRSM PENGKALAN HULU

MRSM SERTING

MRSM TUN DR ISMAIL

MRSM TUN MOHAMMAD FUAD STEPHENS

Cover Design by

RASYIDI MUHAMMAD RADZI

MRSM TAIPING
Table of Contents
Article 1: Radio Based Learning in Mali ............................................................................ 4
Article 2: Kihnu Cultural Space .......................................................................................... 5
Article 3: Weaving The Perfect Ketupat............................................................................. 6
Article 4: How Fashion Rules The World........................................................................... 7
Article 5: Queen (British Rock Band)................................................................................. 8
Article 6: The World Record Holder for Most Body Modifications .................................. 9
Article 7: Satere Mawe Tribe Initiation ............................................................................. 10
Article 8: Born Worker ...................................................................................................... 11
Article 9: Self-Governing Prison ...................................................................................... 12
Article 10: Throwing of Broken Dishes............................................................................ 13
Article 11: Tibau – Melanau’s Sacred Swinging Rope .................................................... 14
Article 12: Mah Meri and It’s Ritual .................................................................................. 15
Article 13: Dabus – Perakian Warrior Dance ................................................................... 16
Article 14: Jerunai - Melanau’s Old Burial Poles ............................................................ 17
Article 15: The Bobohizan - The Ritual Priestess ........................................................... 18
Article 16: The Reason Why ONLY Muhammad Ali's 'Hollywood Walk of Fame Star' Is
Not on The Floor ............................................................................................................... 19
Article 17: Why Do We Carve Pumpkins on Halloween?................................................ 20
Article 18: Not So Fast: These Habits Aren’t as Polite as You Think ............................ 21
Article 19: Kuala Lumpur Daytrip: Exploring Malaysia's Beautiful Batu Caves ........... 22
Article 20: The English Language .................................................................................... 23
Article 21: Ariana Accused of Cultural Appropriation .................................................... 24
Article 22: Japanese Wedding Traditions ....................................................................... 25
Article 23: The Tragic Zongzi ........................................................................................... 26
Article 24: The Female Free Divers .................................................................................. 27
Article 25: The Maori Hangi .............................................................................................. 28
Article 26: The Triumph of BTS ........................................................................................ 29
Article 27: Li Ziqi-The Reclusive Food Celebrity ............................................................ 30
Article 28: Bacha Posh of Afghanistan............................................................................ 31
Article 29: Pasta and Italian Culture ................................................................................ 32
Article 30: Roman Gladiators ........................................................................................... 33
Article 32: Panic buying – simply preparing or irrationally panicking? ........................ 35
Article 33: Shopping addiction......................................................................................... 36
Article 34: Quality Over Quantity ..................................................................................... 37
Article 35: How Money Affects Happiness ...................................................................... 38
Article 36: How Online Shopping Impact Your Wallets .................................................. 39
Article 37: Pros of Online Shopping ................................................................................ 40
Article 38: Cons of Online Shopping ............................................................................... 41
Article 39: What a budget does? ...................................................................................... 42
Article 40: The difference between ‘wants’ and ‘needs’ ................................................. 43
Article 41: Let’s Be Wiser Consumers ............................................................................. 44
Article 42: Customer Loyalty............................................................................................ 45
Article 43: Teaching Kids about Money........................................................................... 46
Article 44: Life Insurance as Investment ......................................................................... 47
Article 45: Financial Stress .............................................................................................. 48
Article 46: A Method to Save Money – Don’t Cave In to Advertising............................. 49
Article 47: A Method to Save Money – Hold Off On Getting the Newest Tech Gadgets50
Article 48: Malaysian Consumer Rights for Claims and Refunds.................................. 51
Article 49: What Are Budget Apps? ................................................................................. 52
Article 50: Don’t Be Scammed! ........................................................................................ 53
Article 51: How to Decide to Trade in or Sell? ................................................................ 54
Article 52: Phone Trade-In vs. Selling ............................................................................. 55
Article 53: How to Travel on A Student Budget .............................................................. 56
Article 54: My Shopping Weakness ................................................................................. 57
Article 55: 8 Tips on saving money as a student ............................................................ 58
Article 56: What's The Difference Between Credit & Debit Cards.................................. 59
Article 57: What’s the difference between saving and investing money? .................... 60
Article 58: What are NFTs, and how do they work?........................................................ 61
Article 59: What Is Cryptocurrency? ............................................................................... 62
Article 60: What you should know about Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB) .............. 63
Article 61: The mystery that is Venus .............................................................................. 64
Article 62: Should some of the world’s endangered places be off-limits to tourists? . 65
Article 63: Want better talks with your kids? Take them outside. ................................. 66
Article 64: Why city trees can be good for kids’ brains? ............................................... 67
Article 65: Webb Space Telescope .................................................................................. 68
Article 66: To Cheat or Not to Cheat ................................................................................ 69
Article 67: Artificial Intelligence ....................................................................................... 70
Article 68: Cleaning Up Microplastics Mess.................................................................... 71
Article 69: Can Science Fiction Predict the Future of Technology?.............................. 72
Article 70: Tokyo's Olympic Medals ................................................................................ 73
Article 71: Rain Falls on Peak of Greenland Ice Cap for First Time on Record ............ 74
Article 72: Do genetics control who our friends are?..................................................... 75
Article 73: First Left-handed Genetic Markers Found .................................................... 76
Article 74: Llamas Could Help Us Beat Flu ..................................................................... 77

1
Article 75: How Fake Meat is Made .................................................................................. 78
Article 76: How a Polaroid Camera Works ...................................................................... 79
Article 77: Mpemba effect ................................................................................................. 80
Article 78: Adapting to Climate Change by Getting Smaller .......................................... 81
Article 79: Black Holes ..................................................................................................... 82
Article 80: Plankton Under the Ice of Artic Ocean .......................................................... 83
Article 81: Northern lights ................................................................................................ 84
Article 82: The Social Life of a Vampire Bat .................................................................... 85
Article 83: The Dirtiest Places on a Plane ....................................................................... 86
Article 84: A Short History of The Smartwatch ............................................................... 87
Article 85: The Need for An Electric Toothbrush ............................................................ 88
Article 86: What are Wormholes? .................................................................................... 89
Article 87: How did ancient people store food before refrigeration? ............................ 90
Article 88: Let’s Learn about Auroras.............................................................................. 91
Article 89: Microscopes and Lenses ............................................................................... 92
Article 90: The Importance of Computer Education to Students ................................... 93
Article 91: May - National Mental Health Month .............................................................. 94
Article 92: Why is Self-Care Important? .......................................................................... 95
Article 93: Meditation – Simple and Quick Way to Reduce Stress ................................ 96
Article 94: The Importance of Recycling ......................................................................... 97
Article 95: Environmentalism ........................................................................................... 98
Article 96: Australian Wildfires ........................................................................................ 99
Article 97: Climate Change ............................................................................................. 100
Article 98: Elevated bridge alternative........................................................................... 101
Article 99: Les Miserables .............................................................................................. 102
Article 100: Film Fest Seeks To Dodge Virus And Controversy .................................. 103
Article 101: Plane ‘Masks Up’ To Promote Proper Health Measures ........................... 104
Article 102: 200 Join Lagundi Plant Medical Trials ....................................................... 105
Article 103: Feathery Friends Bring Fortune ................................................................. 106
Article 105: Fridays For Future ...................................................................................... 108
Article 106: Living by The Sea Makes Us Happier ........................................................ 109
Article 107: Jakarta - A Sinking City .............................................................................. 110
Article 108: Reducing Food Waste Helps Fight Climate Change................................. 111
Article 109: First Aid ....................................................................................................... 112
Article 110: Yuck! Clean Your Touch Screen! ............................................................... 113
Article 111: Pet Allergens ............................................................................................... 114
Article 112: Water, The Never-ending Story............................................................. 115

2
Article 114: How Environment Affects Human Health .................................................. 117
Article 115: From trials to triumph ................................................................................. 118
Article 116: Improve Your Flow with Top-Rated Yoga Mats ......................................... 119
Article 117: Why does cold fresh air help nausea go away? ....................................... 120
Article 118: Your pupils can count … sort of ................................................................ 121
Article 119: Banana nutrition facts & health benefits ................................................... 122
Article 120: Are teeth naturally yellow?......................................................................... 123

3
 Article 1: Radio Based Learning in Mali

ÉGOU REGION, Mali – Persistent insecurity in central and northern Mali has helped fuel a
protracted humanitarian crisis, disrupting access to education, health and other services, and
displacing more than 300,000 people – more than half of them are children.

COVID-19 has compounded the problem. Before the pandemic, direct threats and
attacks on education had forced the closure of around 1,300 schools in central and northern
regions. But pandemic-related measures shuttered schools across the country for most of
2020, leaving many of the most vulnerable young people unable to access education.

UNICEF has been distributing solar-powered radios in conflict-affected areas to

vulnerable households and listening groups, where as many as 15 young people can make
use of the same radio. The devices provide an educational lifeline for those who might
otherwise be cut off from classes and complement the efforts of temporary learning spaces
that have been established at sites for internally displaced persons to ensure that children
can continue to learn in safety.

Unicef.org

WORD LIST

1. Persistent - berterusan constant

2. Protracted - berlarutan extended or prolonged
3. Compounded - bertambah buruk worsen
4. Regions - wilayah area
5. Shuttered - penutupan closed
6. Vulnerable - terdedah kepada bahaya unprotected
atau serangan
7. Distributing - diagihkan allocating
8. Devices - peranti appliances, equipment
9. Complement - melengkapkan to combine well with
something
10. Established - ditubuhkan set up, constituted

4
 Article 2: Kihnu Cultural Space

Lying off Estonia’s Baltic coast, the small islands of Kihnu and Manija are home to a
community of 600 people whose cultural expressions and agricultural traditions have been
kept alive over the centuries largely through the island’s female population. The men of the
Kihnu community have taken to sea to hunt seals and fish, while the women have remained
on the islands to farm and to maintain the household. Kihnu women thus have become the
principal custodians of the cultural traditions embodied in numerous songs, games, dances,
wedding ceremonies and handicrafts. Singing is an integral part of collective handicraft
activities and of religious celebrations.

The most visible emblem of Kihnu culture remains the woolen handicrafts worn by the
women of the community. Working in their homes using traditional looms and local wool, the
women weave and knit mittens, stockings, skirts and blouses, which often feature bright
colours, vivid stripes and intricate embroidery.

Their geographic isolation, their strong sense of community spirit and their unwavering
attachment to the customs of their ancestors have enabled the Kihnu people to preserve their
crafts and customs.

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kihnu-cultural-space-
00042

WORD LIST

1. Remained - tinggal stay

2. Custodians - penjaga guardians
3. Embodied - mewakili featured
4. Integral - penting essential
5. Emblem - lambang symbol
6. Looms - mesin tenun textile machine
7. Weave - menenun to make by crossing strands in
pattern
8. Vivid - jelas striking
9. Intricate - rumit complicated
10. Embroidery - sulaman a design of coloured stitches on cloth

5
 Article 3: Weaving The Perfect Ketupat

One of favourite Raya delicacies is ketupat and rendang. The coconut leaves used in
wrapping ketupat are usually shaped in triangular or diamond forms. After they are cooked,
they are left to hang in bunches in the open air.

The shape of the ketupat allows moisture to drip downwards while the porous coconut
leaves ensures the rice is aerated, yet provides enough protection from flies and other insects.

The key to a perfect ketupat is, of course, in its weaving – a dying art form. Today, the
availability of instant ketupats that come in square plastic packets have all but rendered us
ignorant about the traditional art of ketupat weaving.

Basically, ketupat weaving comprises three vertical and three horizontal interlocking
loops. Just one loose loop is all it takes for the rice to fall out. Therefore, every weave has to
be perfect in order to avoid deformed or half-empty ketupats. However, someone skilled
enough can fix loose loops by tightening the leaves.

https://www.malaymail.com/news/opinion/2015/07/26/weaving-the-perfect-
ketupat/940157

WORD LIST

1. Delicacies - makanan istimewa a rare or expensive type of food

2. Bunches - seikat group
3. Porous - dapat menyerap absorptive, penetrable, permeable
4. Aerated - berudara containing many small bubbles of air
5. Weaving - menyulam to make by crossing strands in pattern
6. Rendered - membuatkan to cause to become
7. Ignorant - jahil unaware
8. Horizontal - melintang lying level or flat
9. Loops - gelung around shape or curved made by a line
curling back towards itself
10. Deformed - kecacatan misshapen

6
 Article 4: How Fashion Rules The World

In the 21st century the style trends of the fashion industry dominate the world more
than they ever did, and control not only the way people dress but also trends in home ware
design, makeup fashion and people’s overall attitudes.

Nowadays, fashion is bold and daring, and this reflects a noughties generation that is
not afraid to say what they think, or wear what they want. Fashion is not just a means of
clothing your body, it is the essence of your personality and beliefs, and designers are well
aware of the power they hold. Designers’ predictions and designs for the coming season are
more hotly anticipated than any other revelation in the world.

Trends in fashion unify women and men around the world, yet they still allow people
the ability to portray their own individual style at the same time. To keep up with the latest
fashions, people subscribe to fashion magazines, keep a keen eye on what has appeared in
shops and what has been there for a long time, and go to fashion shows to see what the
designers are putting on the catwalk this season, and therefore what will make it in to the
shops.

https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2287/how-fashion-rules-the-
world

WORD LIST

1. Trends - ikutan mode, fashion

2. Dominate - menguasai control, dictate

3. Bold - berani brave
4. Essence - intipati gist
5. Predictions - ramalan forecast, prophecy
6. Anticipated - disangkakan foreseen, predictable
7. Revelation - pendedahan disclosure
8. Unify - menyatukan to bring together, combine
9. Portray - menggambarkan depict, describe
10. Catwalk - pentas the long stage that models walk along in a
fashion show, footway

7
 Article 5: Queen (British Rock Band)

QUEEN, British rock band whose fusion of heavy metal, glam rock, and camp
theatrics made it as one of the most popular groups of the 1970s. Although generally
dismissed by critics, Queen crafted an elaborate blend of layered guitar work by
virtuoso Brian May and overdubbed vocal harmonies enlivened by
the flamboyant performance of front man and songwriter Freddie Mercury. The members of
the band were Freddie Mercury, Brian May, John Deacon, and Roger Taylor.

Members of two bands composed of university and art-school students combined to

form Queen in London in 1971. Defiantly eschewing the use of synthesizers, the band
constructed a sound that was part English music hall, part Led Zeppelin, epitomized by the
mock-operatic “Bohemian Rhapsody,” Britain’s top single for nine weeks. Spectacular
success followed in 1977 with “We Are the Champions” and “We Will Rock You”—which
became ubiquitous anthems at sporting events in Britain and the United States. .

Their popularity waned for a period in the 1980s; however, a stellar performance at
the charity concert Live Aid in 1985 reversed their fortunes commercially. Mercury died
of AIDS in 1991, and the band issued its final album in 1995.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Queen-British-rock-group

WORD LIST

1. Fusion - gabungan merger, union

2. Virtuoso - hebat extremely skilled
3. Enlivened - dijiwai to make more interesting or
active
4. Flamboyant - bergaya dazzling, glamorous
5. Eschewing - mengelak avoiding
6. Epitomized - melambangkan to be a perfect example of a
quality
7. Spectacular - menakjubkan astonishing, astounding
8. Ubiquitous - ada dimana-mana all over, pervasive
9. Waned - menyusut decline, drop
10. Stellar - bintang of a star

8
 Article 6: The World Record Holder for Most Body Modifications

A man from Germany has set a Guinness World Record for the most number of body
modifications. Rolf Buchholz has more than 516 body modifications, and he says he is not
yet done altering his body.

According to Guinness World Records, Rolf works in information technology for a

telecommunication company in Germany. It was only at the age of 40 that he started on the
journey of body modifications by getting his first ever tattoo and piercing. In the more than
20 years since, he has been rendered almost unrecognisable with several piercings along
his lips, eyebrows, nose and even two small horns on his forehead.

In 2010, Rofl was also recognised by Guinness as the man with the most number of
body piercings. He came to public attention after he was turned back from the Dubai airport
in 2014. It was five years and several modifications after that that Rolf Buchholz had two horns
implanted into his forehead. He gained attention again recently after Guinness World Records
shared his videos on their social media channels. "The body modifications have changed only
the outside," says Rolf. "It's changed not me. I'm the same person."

https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/rolf-buchholz-meet-the-man-with-a-world-record-for-most-body-modifications-2315366

WORD LIST

1. modifications - pengubahsuaian alterations

2. journey - proses/ perjalanan process
3. piercing - tindik a small hole in a part of the body
made to insert jewellery
4. rendered - menjadi made
5. unrecognisable - tidak dapat dikenal unidentifiable
6. recognised - diiktiraf acknowledged
7. public attention - perhatian orang ramai public eye
8. turned back - dihalau driven away
9. implanted - ditanam inserted object in one’s body
10. recently - baru-baru ini not long ago

9
 Article 7: Satere Mawe Tribe Initiation

The Satere Mawe Tribe is a tribe in the Brazilian Amazon that has minimal contact with
the outside world. The tribe has been able to preserve many ancient traditions, including the
coming-of-age initiation for the young boys of the tribe.

At age 13, the boys of the Satere Mawe Tribe become men but must prove their worth
through the initiation ceremony. The boys head off into the jungle to harvest the angry bullet
ants. One sting from the inch-long ant is said to be 30-times more painful than a bee sting, or
about as painful as a gunshot, giving them their name.

Back in the village, the chief elder intoxicates the ants in an herbal mixture, knocking
them out just long enough to weave them into a special pair of gloves, with the stingers
pointing inwards. When the ants wake up, the ceremony begins. The boys show courage by
placing their hands in the gloves for 10 minutes each while being led in a traditional dance.
The ceremony repeats 19 more times before the young boys can call themselves men.
According to the Satere Mawe traditions, the bullet ant initiation prepares them for the pain of
adulthood and how to manage pain without showing weakness.

https://www.alltherooms.com/blog/dark-tourism-the-most-unusual-customs-around-the-world/
WORD LIST

1. tribe - suku kaum ethnic group

2. preserve - mengekalkan maintain
3. ancient - purba very old
4. coming-of-age - kedewasaan adulthood
5. initiation - permulaan inauguration
6. harvest - pengumpulan gather
7. sting - sengat the act of injecting poison
8. intoxicates - memabukkan inebriates
9. knocking them - meletakkan mereka striking them unconscious
out dalam keadaan tidak
sedar diri
10. weave - menganyam interlace

10
 Article 8: Born Worker

They said that Jose was born with a ring of dirt around his neck, with grime under his
fingernails, and skin calloused from the grainy twist of a shovel. They said his palms were
already rough by the time he was three, and soon after he learned his primary colours, his
squint was the squint of an aged laborer. They said he was a born worker. By seven he was
drinking coffee slowly, his mouth pursed the way his mother sipped. He wore jeans, a shirt
with sleeves rolled to his elbow. His eye could measure a length of a board, and his knees
genuflected over flower beds and leafy gutters.

They said lots of things about Jose, but almost nothing of his parents. His mother
stitched at a machine all day, and his father, with a steady job at the telephone company,
climbed splintered, sun-sucked poles, fixed wires and looked around the city at tree level.

“What do you see up there?” Jose once asked his father.

“Work,” he answered. “I see years of work,”

Jose took this as a truth, and though he did well in school, he felt destined to labor.
His arms would pump, his legs would bend, his arms would carry a world of earth. He believed
in hard work, believed that his strength was as ancient as rock’s.

http://www.glencoe.com/sec/languagearts/ose/literature/course3/docs/g8u05.pdf

WORD LIST

1. grime - kotoran dirt

2. skin calloused - kulit kasar hardened skin
3. rough - kasar tough
4. squint - pandangan mata to peergenuflecged
5. genuflected - melutut kneel
6. gutters. - longkang drain
7. stitched - menjahit to sew
8. steady job - kerja yang stabil permanent employment
9. splintered - hampir reput chip
10. destined - ditakdirkan doomed

11
 Article 9: Self-Governing Prison

San Pedro Prison in Bolivia isn't an ordinary prison. It's more like a mini city, with a
thriving drug trade, a real-estate business and, for many years, tourism. Children live there,
raised by convicted parents and the innocent spouses who can't afford to raise them alone
on the outside.

A documentary in 2003 on San Pedro revealed a world where drug kingpins get
special self-financed build-outs to serve their sentences. The prisoners there also work to pay
rent, creating a stratified society in which the wealthiest inmates have private bathrooms and
kitchens, while the poorest are crammed into small cells or are forced to sleep outside. There
are about 1,500 inmates in San Pedro. They self-govern through democratically elected
representatives for each section of the complex.

However, this isn't a peaceful society. Stabbings are common, and it is found that
smokable cocaine is being produced, consumed and trafficked in and out of the prison gates.
Tourists could check out the prison for the cost of a small bribe. In 2013, Bolivian officials
announced the imminent closure of San Pedro after the alleged rape of a child inside; the
event seems to have ended the practice of tourism at the prison, but San Pedro otherwise
remains open for business.

https://www.livescience.com/56023-amazing-modern-societies.html
WORD LIST

1. thriving - berkembang maju prosperous and growing

2. convicted - disabitkan kesalahan declared guilty
3. kingpins - ketua chief
4. sentences - hukuman convictions
5. stratified - berstrata hierarchical
6. inmates - banduan convicts
7. self-govern - memerintah sendiri self-command
8. trafficked - diperdagangkan secara haram smuggled
9. imminent - akan datang impending
10. alleged - tuduhan supposed/claimed

12
 Article 10: Throwing of Broken Dishes

Looking for a way to bring good luck? The Danes sure have a unique way of doing so.

On the New Year, they throw the broken dishware at the homes of friends and family. The
more dishes that are broken and piled up at your door on January 1st, the more friends and
good fortune you have.

During the year, people in Denmark save any broken dishes, plates, cups, or bowls
until New Year’s Eve. In fact, the dish and porcelain manufacturers will empty their
warehouses in the weeks leading up to New Year’s Eve. Trucks arrive at towns and villages
days before December 31st, and residents stockpile cracked, chipped or broken plates. As
the clock strikes midnight, people run around smashing plates against each other’s doors.

While the original custom involves the satisfaction of hurling the dish at someone’s
front door, nowadays, a less aggressive way to wish good luck is to simply leave a pile of
broken plates on the doorstep of a loved one. The tradition dates back centuries and is one
of the more unique ways to ring in the new year.

https://tradish.com/view.php?id=90

WORD LIST

1. dishware - pinggan mangkuk tableware

2. porcelain - pinggan mangkuk atau china
perkakas yang diperbuat
daripada bahan seramik
3. manufacturers - pengilang producers
4. warehouses - gedung storehouse
5. stockpile - menyimpan stok hoard
6. chipped - sumbing having a small piece
broken off at the edge
7. custom - adat tradition
8. hurling - melempar throwing, tossing
9. dates back - telah wujud has existed in
10. ring in - memulakan begin, start

13
 Article 11: Tibau – Melanau’s Sacred Swinging Rope

Throughout the history of religions and cultures, objects used in cults, rituals and
sacred ceremonies have almost always been of both utilitarian and symbolic natures.
Ceremonial and ritualistic objects have been utilised as a means for establishing or
maintaining communication between the sacred and the profane. On occasion, such object
have been used to compel the sacred realm to act or react in a way that is favourable to the
participants. In ancient time, sacred objects must be prepared carefully in accordance of adet
(law and order of the universe).

In Melanau’s tradition, tibau is a death-defying 20-foot high swing, in which youths dive
from a high bamboo scaffolding and catch a swinging rope as it reaches the height of its arc.
First one, then two and eventually eight young men hang in a clump from the giant swing as
soars above the beach. It is believed that the spirits will be swinging together with them. This
tradition has become one of the famous attractions for Melanau’s traditional ceremony that is
called Pesta Kaul.

http://learnmelanau.nativeglot.com/2011/05/sacred-objects-of-kaul.html?m=1

WORD LIST

1 sacred - suci divine

2 utilitarian - berguna functional

3 establishing - menghasilkan building

4 realm - alam dimension

5 ancient - kuno age-old

6 universe - alam semesta world

7 scaffolding - perancah platform

8 arc - lengkok curvature

9 clump - gumpalan blob

10 soars - melambung tinggi shoot up

14
 Article 12: Mah Meri and It’s Ritual

Hari Moyang Puja Pantai is the last of the traditional rituals still being practised by the
Mah Meri. At sunrise, a day before ritual starts, villagers would gather on the beach and take
their boats out to the sea near the mouth of the river. There, they would throw popped rice
into the water while the villagers who are still on the beach would offer prayers to the spirit
houses along the river mouth. The boats then moved towards the sea about 2 kilometres to a
site where they believed that another junk boat, which was not saved by Moyang Getah, had
sunk.

Meanwhile at sunset, the villagers would seek audience with their loved ones that
have passed on at the sanggar altars near their houses. They would offer the favourite food
and drinks of the deceased and verbally communicate with them. Throughout the night, the
shaman and his helpers would engage with the Moyang Getah in a trance. The whole village
would then march to the shore where a grand altar had stood for many years, to offer a grand
feast.

https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/g/38955

WORD LIST

1 rituals - upacara keagamaan customs

2 mouth - muara entrance

3 spirit - roh entity

4 junk - serpihan debris

5 seek audience - mendapatkan perhatian gather

6 deceased - si mati dead

7 shaman - bomoh witch doctor

8 engage - terlibat take part in

9 march - berarak stride

10 feast - kenduri banquet

15
 Article 13: Dabus – Perakian Warrior Dance

Dabus is a warrior dance from Perak. Dabus is believed to have been brought to the
Malay Peninsular around 200 years ago by traders and religious devotees. Some historians
claim that the Dabus was brought from Acheh in Northern Sumatera, while others claim it was
directly to the Malay Peninsular by traders from Baghdad during the 18th century. It is said that
in the ancient time, Dabus may have been used to train and prepare soldiers for religious
battles, invoking spiritual power to perform their noble task and demonstrating their
fearlessness and bravery.

Dabus is said to have the power to heal and prevent illness. This tradition combines
singing and chanting, dancing as well as the skill of the dancers to wield the anak dabus (a
spike-like instrument decorated with bells at the hilt). It is performed by a group of singers and
several dancers. The singers chant songs of praise to the Prophet Muhammad and other great
religious figures. The chanting is accompanied by the rhythms of small rebana (hand drum).
The dancers perform various Dabus movements including Lang Sewah, Ayun Talak and
Susun Sirih. The performance is usually presided over by a leader called Khalifah.

https://www.pusaka.org/communities-dabus

WORD LIST

1 devotees - pemuja enthusiasts

2 invoking - memohon calling on

3 spiritual - rohani divine

4 fearlessness - tanpa rasa gentar boldness

5 chanting - melantunkan (suara) chorusing

6 wield - menghayun swinging

7 hilt - pemegang holder

8 figures - tokoh-tokoh characters

9 rhythms - irama tempo

10 presided - dipengerusikan chaired

16
 Article 14: Jerunai - Melanau’s Old Burial Poles

Jerunai or Kelidieng is a wooden post which measures up to an armful in diameter and

is made of Belian timber, a type of wood that can withstand exposure to extreme weather
conditions for centuries. The Jerunai is carved with various kinds of patterns. Some have
simple patterns, some of them are carved with complicated designs which takes years to
finish. Those patterns are made by the Melanau craftsmen. According to legends, when a
king dies, his corpse will not be buried immediately but will be placed inside a casket. The
casket later will be placed inside a special shelter near the Jerunai. After the corpse has
rotted, the bones will be gathered and placed inside the urn. The urn containing the King’s
bones will then be placed inside the Jerunai.

On 28 April 2008, the Jerunai was officially recognised for its historical and cultural
significance and turned into the essential landmark at Taman Poket in Dalat, becoming an
eternal reminder for the Melanau society on the lives of their ancient nobles, as well as a
tourism spot.

https://www.worldheritage.com.my/blog/tag/jerunei-gardens/

WORD LIST

1 carved - diukir sculpted

2 complicated - rumit complex

3 corpse - mayat dead body

4 casket - keranda coffin

5 rotted - busuk decomposed

6 significance - kepentingan importance

7 essential - perlu necessary

8 eternal - kekal everlasting

9 nobles - bangsawan aristocrat

10 spot - tempat location

17
 Article 15: The Bobohizan - The Ritual Priestess

Sabah’s animists were superstitious. Some of today’s elders still follow their ancient
superstitions from centuries ago. A commonly held belief in rural Sabah describes what one
should do if a snake passes in front of them. Most will return home and rest to avoid the
looming bad luck regardless of how far they’ve travelled. Another tells of how whistling at
night might call unwanted spirit into their house. Even today it’s not uncommon for picnicking
locals to offer some of their food to the spirits of the land.

The Bobohizan or ritual priestess, communicates with spirits living in the human world.
On special occasions, he priestess goes into a trance after reciting long chants. Ritual
sacrifices of chickens appeased the spirits who then passed information onto the Bobohizan.
The locals would then listen to the information and take everything, whether positive or
negative, as a sign. People gave small tokens of appreciation to the Shaman-like priestess
who also acted as doctor and judge. The once ubiquitous Bobohizan throughout Sabah and
Sarawak now performs ceremonial roles becoming fewer in numbers as the years pass. Oral
chants and special knowledge intrinsic to Kadazan-Dusun culture passed through
generations is slowly being forgotten.

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/

WORD LIST
1 superstitious - kepercayaan tahyul mythical
2 belief - fahaman faith
3 looming - muncul appearing
4 whistling - bersiul hissing
5 occasions - majlis events
6 trance - khayal dazed
7 appeased - ditenangkan satisfied
8 locals - penduduk tempatan residents
9 ubiquitous - di mana-mana omnipresent
10 intrinsic - wujud inherent

18
Article 16: The Reason Why ONLY Muhammad Ali's 'Hollywood Walk of Fame Star' Is
Not on The Floor

It's highly unlikely that you may not have heard of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, where
five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars are embedded in the sidewalks of Hollywood Boulevard
in California. Some of the names the Walk of Fame honours include Jackie Chan, Morgan
Freeman, Elvis Presley and even Donald Trump is honoured on the Walk of Fame.

So far there are 2,500 of these stars that are carelessly being walked on by millions of
people who visit the Hollywood boulevard. Except one. The only star that had never been
walked on. This star belongs to late Muhammad Ali. He is the only star that is not on the
ground. Instead, it's mounted on a wall next to the Walk of Fame.

Ali had originally declined an invitation from the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce to
get a star because he didn't want his name and what it represented disrespected by having
it walked on by 'people who have no respect for me. “I bear the name of our Beloved Prophet
Mohammad (peace be upon him), and it is impossible that I allow people to trample over his
name," Ali had said at the time. Ali wasn't just the greatest athlete of all time, but he was also
the most famous Muslim -- and that last part shouldn't be forgotten.

https://says.com/my/sports/this-is-the-reason-why-only-muhammad-ali-s-hollywood-star-is-not-on-the-floor

WORLD LIST

1. embedded - tertanam planted

2. sidewalk - kaki lima pavement

3. honoured - sebagai penghormatan acknowledged

4. boulevard - laluan utama avenue

5. belongs to - dimiliki oleh owned by

6. mounted on - diletakkan diatas moved up

7. declined - menolak rejected

8. disrespected - tidak dihormati ridiculed

9. bear - membawa carry

10. trample - memijak step on

19
 Article 17: Why Do We Carve Pumpkins on Halloween?

Halloween is filled with odd traditions, Halloween colours, and even games
like bobbing for apples, many with a rich history. Halloween jack-o-lanterns are no exception.
Although jack-o-lanterns adorning every doorway are the norm, most people don’t know why.
We’ll share the secret of the season’s most ubiquitous decoration. Their origin has to do with
the explanation behind what Halloween is itself.

Jack-o-lantern is, as the name might suggest, a lantern—one made out of a root
vegetable. (Nope, it doesn’t have to be a pumpkin—more on that later!) Perhaps you’ve made
one yourself, using pumpkin carving stencils to create a face or design in a pumpkin. But this
is somewhat of an odd tradition when you think about it. How did it originate?

“In every ancient pagan tradition worldwide, people honour their dead, their
ancestors,” says Cerridwen Fallingstar, Witch, teacher, and author of Broth from the
Cauldron: A Wisdom Journey through Everyday Magic. “In Celtic countries, notably Scotland
and Ireland, people would bury the dead, and then…they would dig up the skull and place it
on a shelf inside a barrow, or burial mound. On Samhain, the day of the dead that we now
call Halloween, people would enter the mound and light a candle inside one or more of the
skulls that were present there.” Sound familiar? No wonder jack-o-lanterns evoke a creepy
feeling—they began as real skulls!

https://www.rd.com/article/why-do-we-carve-pumpkins/
WORLD LIST

1. traditions - adat culture

2. adorning - menghiasi decorating
3. ubiquitous - merata-rata everywhere
4. carving - ukiran sculpting
5. originate - berasal begin
6. pagan - tidak beragama atheist
7. ancestors - nenek moyang forefathers
8. barrow - bukit hill
9. burial mound - kawasan perkuburan yang membukit burial site
10. evoke - membangkitkan bring to mind

20
 Article 18: Not So Fast: These Habits Aren’t as Polite as You Think

There are all sorts of things your fast food worker won’t tell you, including some of the
habits they find annoying. Some of those are probably pretty easy to figure out—they don’t
like it when you’re rude, throw trash on the floor, or let your kids run amok through the
restaurant. But there are also plenty of things you do, that you probably think are helpful or
polite, that bug them just as much.

Be as clear as possible when ordering so nothing gets lost in translation. The

employee will repeat your order back to you, or you’ll be able to see it on a screen, so make
sure everything looks correct. The drive-through at certain chains will have you pull to the side
or into designated parking to keep the flow of orders coming. You might think it makes things
easier on employees to park and wait at the window instead, but they want you to follow the
directions. Find out which fast-food joint has the fastest drive-through lanes.

Unless the trash can is completely packed, it’s rude to leave bags and wrappers at
your table when you’re eating at a fast-food restaurant. But separate the wrappers from the
baskets and only throw away the actual trash. Don’t forget to check if you’re breaking one of
these obscure etiquette rules without even realizing it.

https://www.rd.com/list/polite-habits-fast-food-employees-dislike/

WORLD LIST

1. annoying - menjengkelkan irritating

2. figure out - mengenalpasti interpret

3. trash - sampah rubbish

4. bug - ganggu disturb

5. translation - terjemahan explanation

6. designated - ditetapkan prepared

7. joint - cawangan branch

8. rude - biadap impolite

9. separate - asingkan removed

10. obscure - kabur vague

21
 Article 19: Kuala Lumpur Daytrip: Exploring Malaysia's Beautiful Batu Caves

On the surface, Kuala Lumpur, city of 1.8 million people, is a modern metropolis filled
with shopping malls and skyscrapers. But beneath that urban buzz lies a city of cultural
diversity, fueled by a mix of Malay, Chinese and Indian influences. For instance, just nine miles
(14.5 kilometers) north of the city center lies a series of beautiful Hindu shrines set in dramatic
limestone caves.

First brought to global attention in 1878, the Batu Caves isn’t just a holy site for Hindu
faithful -- they're also an Instagrammers' paradise. The area features four main sites. Cave
Villa and Ramayana Cave each charge a nominal fee of 15 Malaysian ringgit for entry. The
Dark Cave, once the site of adventure tours, has been closed since February 2019 and no
reopening date has been set. The main attraction though is the Temple Cave. The entry fee
is not Ringgit but calories, as visitors must ascend 400 feet (123 meters) into the 400-million-
year-old limestone caverns.

Twenty volunteers spent three days in 2018 painting the cave's 272 steps in a colorful
gradient that leaves visitors staring in awe. Inside there are two Hindu shrines, colorfully
adorned and completely dwarfed by the 300-foot-high walls that rises around them. Up a set
of steep stairs in the back of the cave, the rock walls give way to the sky, offering otherworldly
views.

https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/kuala-lumpur-batu-caves-malaysia/index.html

WORLD LIST

1. metropolis - bandar capital

2. skyscrapers - pencakar langit high-rise
3. shrines - tempat suci Holy place
4. paradise - syurga heaven
5. nominal - minima minimal
6. ascend - menaik climb
7. limestone - batu kapur sedimentary rock
8. gradient - warna kecerunan incline
9. adorned - dihiasi decorated
10. steep - curam hilly

22
 Article 20: The English Language

The Industrial Revolution and the rise of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th and
early 20th-century saw the expansion of the English language. The advances and discoveries
in science and technology during the Industrial Revolution saw a need for new words,
phrases, and concepts to describe these ideas and inventions. Due to the nature of these
works, scientists and scholars created words using Greek and Latin roots such as bacteria,
histology, nuclear and biology.
Colonialism brought with it a double-edged sword. It can be said that the nations
under the British Empire’s rule saw the introduction of the English language as a way for them
to learn, engage, and hopefully, benefit from “overseas” influence. While scientific and
technological discoveries were some of the benefits that could be shared, colonial Britain saw
this as a way to not only teach their language but impart their culture and traditions upon
societies they deemed as backward, especially those in Africa and Asia.
The idea may have backfired as the English language walked away with a large
number of foreign words that have now become part and parcel of the English language like
shampoo, candy, cot and many others originated in India!
https://www.oxfordinternationalenglish.com/a-brief-history-of-the-english-language/

WORD LIST

1. expansion - pengembangan growth, spread

2. revolution - revolusi change

3. scholars - cendekiawan, golongan bijak pandai academics

4. colonialism - penjajahan imperialism

5. engage - melibatkan diri participate

6. influence - pengaruh effect, inspiration

7. impart - menyebarkan, memberi pendedahan expose, pass on

8. deemed - dianggap thought, considered

9. backfired - memberi kesan yang berlawanan having opposite effect

10. originated - berasal came from, derived

23
 Article 21: Ariana Accused of Cultural Appropriation

Fans are noticing the apparent changes in Grande’s social presence in terms of her
mannerisms, appearance, and articulation. Some believe that the pop artist has been
adopting aspects of cultures other than her own in order to appeal to a new audience and
further her music career.
During her time playing Cat Valentine on Nickelodeon’s “Victorious,” Grande had pale
white skin and dyed dark-red hair. As she transitioned into her solo music career,
Grande ditched the red hair for a long, dark ponytail and a dark tan. Her public display of
cultural appropriation was often dismissed, at least until she released the music video for her
hit single “7 rings.” However, many of Grande’s fans have defended her by referencing the
fact that a large portion of her fan base is actually from Japan.
Dr. Satish Kolluri, a professor of Communications at a university said, “Appropriating
a Japanese aesthetic for her video as a gesture of love to her fans, in my opinion, was
cringe-worthy and disrespectful. Interestingly, what we see as cultural appropriation in
America, her fans in Japan see in her music video a celebration of Japanese culture at best
or a non-issue at worst.”
https://thepacepress.org/3839/arts/ariana-grandes-evolution-cultural-appropriation/

WORDLIST
1. apparent - jelas, ketara obvious

2. articulation - pertuturan, artikulasi speech

3. appeal - menarik minat attract, interest

4. transitioned - beralih arah shifted

5. ditched - menukar, membuang left, get rid of

6. dismissed - diketepikan, dilupakan ignored, forgotten

7. defended - mempertahankan backed, supported

8. aesthetic - estetik concerning

9. gesture - tanda sign, act

10. cringe-worthy - memalukan embarrassing, humiliating

24
 Article 22: Japanese Wedding Traditions

For many Japanese women, the beautifully coloured silk kimonos are still a favourite
for weddings. These kimonos are decorated with rich embellishments that are often
embroidered with purple iris flowers because in Japan, the colour purple represents love.
The wedding itself is traditionally either Shinto or Buddhist. During a Shinto ceremony,
the earth’s natural spirits are asked to bless the newlyweds. Japanese wedding rituals often
incorporate items with strong symbolic meaning, its strength or simple elegance; as an
example bamboo which represents both prosperity and purity, while the mizuhiki knot given
at Japanese weddings is often shaped like a crane, symbolising prosperity and a long life. It
is also traditional to fold 1,000 gold origami cranes since it is believed that the cranes mate for
life and they represent good fortune, longevity, and peace in the marriage.
During a Buddhist ceremony, two strings of beautiful beads are woven together to
symbolise the union of two into one. “Sankon-no-gi” is a ceremony where the bride and groom
drink sake, three times each, from three different cups that are called “sakazuki”. Exchanging
cups representing the exchange of marriage vows. Next their parents also take sips, sealing
the bond between the two families.
https://worldbridemagazine.com/11476/the-vibrant-wedding-traditions-of-asia/

WORD LIST

1. embellishments - perhiasan decorations, adornments

2. embroidered - dijahit, disulam stitched, sewn

3. newlyweds - pengantin baru bride and groom, married

couple

4. rituals - upacara ceremonies, services

5. incorporate - mengandungi include

6. elegance - gaya classiness, chic

7. purity - kesucian decency

8. prosperity - kemewahan, kesenangan wealth, affluence

9. longevity - berkekalan, berpanjangan long life

10. vows - sumpah janji promise, oath

25
 Article 23: The Tragic Zongzi

Known by many names in Southeast Asia depending on the region (Bak Chang in
Malaysia and Singapore, Ba Chang in Thailand), these glutinous rice dumplings come in little
triangle-shaped parcels wrapped in bamboo leaves. Like many traditional Chinese cuisines,
the Zongi was created in honour of a legendary figure in China's history: the poet Qu Yuan.
Famous for pioneering the art in ancient China, Qu Yuan was also a beloved minister
and a former advisor to the King. However, he was banished by the King after corrupt officials
slandered Qu Yuan's name. Even in exile, Qu Yuan continued to write some of the greatest
poetry in Chinese literature expressing concern for his country and people.
Unfortunately, his home town was invaded in 278 B.C. Stricken with grief, Qu Yuan
drowned himself in the famous Ni Lo River. Although the people rushed to the river to rescue
their beloved minister, they were too late. Instead, they furiously threw packets of steamed
rice wrapped in leaves to prevent the sea creatures from consuming Qu Yuan's body.
Since then, it become customary for Chinese families to enjoy rice dumplings in
memory of Qu Yuan's legacy.

https://sea.mashable.com/culture/11221/heres-the-tragic-story-behind-the-popular-dumpling-festival

WORD LIST

1. region - rantau, wilayah area, province

2. cuisines - makanan, masakan food

3. legendary - tersohor, terkenal renowned, famous

4. pioneering - merintis establishing, founding

5. banished - dibuang negeri exiled, thrown out

6. slandered - difitnah defamed

7. exile - (dalam) buangan banishment

8. grief - kesedihan, kepiluan sorrow, misery

9. furiously - dengan marahnya angrily, wrathfully

10. customary - kelaziman, kebiasaan usual, expected

26
 Article 24: The Female Free Divers

Chae is a haenyeo, a traditional profession on her home island of Jeju, South Korea.
For centuries, these female divers have eked out a living by plunging into the sea to gather
its edible treasures and sell them. In the 1960s, at their apex, there were 23,000 haenyeo
women on Jeju, according to the island’s Haenyeo Museum. But now, only 4,300 haenyeo
remain; many experts believe this generation will be the last, as young people flee to cities
and pollution destroys the haenyeo’s place of work: the fragile aquatic ecosystem of the Strait.
As of last year, Jeju was home to only 67 haenyeo under the age of 50.
But as the haenyeo’s numbers have dwindled, interest in them has grown. The
aforementioned Haenyeo Museum opened in 2006; in 2015, the Jeju government spent the
equivalent of $6.5 million USD on preservation measures for the haenyeo, such as
subsidising the cost of their wetsuits and helping pay for their accident and medical
insurance; and in 2016, UNESCO awarded the divers a Cultural Heritage of Humanity
designation.

https://roadsandkingdoms.com/2017/the-female-free-divers-of-jeju/

WORD LIST
1. profession - pekerjaan occupation

2. eked out - berusaha keras untuk forced out

kelangsungan hidup

3. apex - kemuncak peak

4. flee - pergi, melarikan diri escape

5. aquatic - akuatik water, marine

6. dwindled - berkurangan decrease

7. aforementioned - berkenaan said, aforesaid

8. preservation - pemeliharaan protection, salvation

9. subsidising - memberi subsidi funding, sponsoring

10. designation - gelaran title

27
 Article 25: The Maori Hangi

Traditionally, Māori people cooked in earth ovens called ‘hāngī'. Good food is central
to the spirit of hospitality. A feast cooked in a traditional Maori hāngī (earth oven) is a centuries-
old cooking method that is perfect for feeding a crowd that also helps to bring a community
together. Maori people speak of land as ‘giving food’, therefore it is a tradition to cook in an
earthen pit. Cooking a hangi is a long process that sometimes takes many hours. As a rule,
a truly large amount of food is prepared with the expectation that it will be served for a big
group of people.

Hangi preparation begins by collecting stones. The stones must be selected so that
they do not split during heating, therefore volcanic ones are best suited for this. To prepare
a hangi, a pit is dug in the ground which is big enough to fit the stones and wood as well as
the food. Wooden branches are placed in the hole which act as a base and a tunnel to suck
in the oxygen which fuels the fire. Following that volcanic stones are placed on top of the
branches and firewood. This is then set on fire altogether and left to burn for hours, till the fire
burns out and the rocks become white from the heat. The rocks are then covered with a wet
cloth creating lots of steam and baskets of food are placed on top. The hole is carefully
covered with dirt from the edges up to the top of the pile so the steam cannot escape from
the pit. After 2-3 hours of slow cooking, the food is ready to be uncovered and served.

https://www.trafalgar.com/real-word/hangi-traditional-maori-cooking-technique/

WORD LIST

1 Maori - Kaum Maori indigenous Polynesian people of

mainland New Zealand
2 earthen - dibuat dari tanah made of earth
3 expectation - jangkaan hope, anticipation
4 split - pecah break
5 volcanic - berkaitan gunung berapi made by a volcano
6 suited - sesuai befit
7 pit - lubang hole
8 cloth - kain fabric
9 dirt - tanah earth
10 uncovered - dibuka open

28
 Article 26: The Triumph of BTS

We’re talking about utopian and dystopian futures, about how the boundary-
smashing, hegemony-overturning global success of the wildly talented seven-member South
Korean juggernaut BTS, feels like a glimpse of a new and better world, of an interconnected
21st century actually living up to its promise.

BTS’ downright magical levels of charisma, their genre-defying, sleek-but-personal

music, even their casually nontoxic, skin-care-intensive brand of masculinity — every bit of it
feels like a visitation from some brighter, more hopeful timeline. What the leader, RM is
currently pondering, however, is how all of it contrasts with a darker landscape all around
them, particularly the horrifying recent wave of anti-Asian violence and discrimination across
a global diaspora.

“We are outliers,” says RM, “and we came into the American music market and enjoyed
this incredible success.” In 2020, seven years into their career, BTS’ first English-language
single, the irresistible “Dynamite,” hit Number One, an achievement so singular it prompted
a congratulatory statement from South Korea’s president, Moon Jae-in. The nation has long
been deeply invested in its outsize cultural success beyond its borders, known as the Korean
Wave.
https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/new-bts-song-2021-worlds-biggest-band-1166441/

WORD LIST

1 utopian - sempurna idealist, visionary

2 hegemony - penguasaan dominant
3 juggernaut - kuasa besar blitz, movement
4 glimpse - pandangan view
5 downright - jelas outright, thorough
6 genre-defying - melawan norma genre busting, extraordinary
7 pondering - berfikir reflect, appraise
8 diaspora - pergerakan, kempen movement
9 prompted - membuatkan incited
10 outsize - besar grand, extravagant

29
 Article 27: Li Ziqi-The Reclusive Food Celebrity

Meet the ‘kimchi’ influencer whose quaint foodie and rural culture videos touched city-
dwelling millennials in quarantine. Chinese YouTube celebrity Li Ziqi was recently crowned
by Guinness World Records for having the “most subscribers for a Chinese language channel
on YouTube”, with some 14.2 million followers at the time of writing.

The 30-year-old’s quietly thoughtful videos of rural Chinese life provide a tranquil
escape from the slick, fast-paced quality of other YouTube videos, and dispense gentle
lessons through honest country living. While other ultra-competitive vloggers might
hawk consumerism and inflated lifestyles, Li’s videos in contrast spark simple joy with their
focus on hand-crafting – whether Li is creating an elaborate Chinese pastry made with
magnolia flowers from her backyard, or an entire set of furniture assembled from bamboo
collected from a nearby forest.

Li has been praised for transcending language and culture, as well as inspiring
millions worldwide as an icon of seclusion and self-sufficiency – even before quarantine
was a thing.

https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3120396/how-did-chinese-youtube-star-li-ziqi-break-guinness-world

WORD LIST

1 quaint - menarik elegant

2 millennials - golongan millennial generation of people born in the 1980s
or 1990s
3 tranquil - damai peaceful, serene
4 slick - bosan trite, stereotyped
5 dispense - memberikan administer, deal out
6 hawk - memerhatikan keep an eye for something
7 inflated - berlebih-lebih exaggerated
8 transcending - melangkaui exceed, surpass
9 seclusion - pengasingan isolation
10 self-sufficiency - berdikari independence

30
 Article 28: Bacha Posh of Afghanistan

Bacha Posh is a Persian word which means “dressed up as a boy”. The cultural
practice of Bacha Posh documented since one century ago. The King Habibullah Khan who
ruled Afghanistan from 1901-1919 asked his youngest daughter to dress up as men to guard
his harem. This term got first introduced by Jenny Nordberg’s book (2014) “The Underground
Girls of Kabul. The Hidden Lives of Afghan Girls Disguised as Boys”. In her book, she reveals
that the tradition of Bacha Posh is embedded in the cultural, not religion, the practice of
Afghanistan.

The underlying theory of this practice is initiated when there was a need for boy or
men at the time of war, however, gradually it evolved to fill up the different “void”. In the
contemporary period of Afghanistan, the practice of Bacha Posh prevails among the families
of all the across the province, tribes and socio-economic class that have no male heir.
Nordberg further exemplified on the practice that in Afghanistan “There is no social security,
little health care and virtually no rule of law. There is just unemployment, poverty and constant
war. In this environment, the number of sons equals a family’s strength…. They are
insurance.” A ceremony is held called Nashrah wherein the birth of male child and mother is
celebrated through music, prayer and gifts. On contrary, the birth of daughter welcomes
mockery for mother and father.

https://thekootneeti.in/2020/12/15/bacha-posh-the-cultural-practice-of-girls-living-as-boys-in-afghanistan/

WORD LIST

1 harem - anak perempuan female relatives

2 embedded - tersemat attached

3 initiated - diperkenalkan introduced

4 void - kekosongan lack, emptiness

5 contemporary - moden modern

6 prevails - berterusan persists

7 province - kawasan area

8 heir - waris inheritor

9 insurance - insuran guarantee

10 mockery - ejekan shame, insult

31
 Article 29: Pasta and Italian Culture

Pasta is the most popular main course in the world, symbol of the Italian culture and
national pride. This is why for Italians it is so important that pasta is properly prepared. It is
more than just food. It is an element of union shared throughout Italy: it is an integral part of
life, of popular culture (simple but traditional) of all Italians, not only of their cuisine, but of
their very essence. Pasta means tradition, the symbol of Italian cuisine always and forever.

The origins of pasta are very old. It all began when the man abandoned the nomadic
life, he learned to sow and gather and became a farmer. It is at that time that the history of
man marries and intersects with that of wheat and with wheat begins the history of pasta. From
harvest to harvest, from generation to generation, man has learned to work wheat better by
milling it, mixing it with water, smoothing it into thin doughs and cooking it on a hot stone. The
first indication of the existence of something similar to pasta dates back to the first millennium
BC, and is to be attributed to the Greek civilisation.

https://ma-vi-trade.it/en/pasta-the-symbol-of-italian-cusine/

WORD LIST

1 union - penyatuan unification

2 integral - penting essential

3 cuisine - hidangan cooking

4 essence - intipati basic nature, root

5 abandoned - meninggalkan give up

6 nomadic - berpindah-randah wandering

7 sow - menanam to plant

8 harvest - hasil tanaman crop

9 milling - menghancurkan grinding

10 civilisation - budaya culture, lifestyle

32
 Article 30: Roman Gladiators

The term gladiator derives from the Latin gladiatores in reference to their principal
weapon the gladius or short sword. However, there was a wide range of other weapons
employed in gladiator contests. The gladiators also wore armor and their helmets, in
particular, were objects of great workmanship, richly embossed with decorative motifs and
set with ostrich or peacock plumed crests.

A Roman gladiator was an ancient professional fighter who usually specialized with
particular weapons and types of armor. They fought before the public in hugely popular
organised games held in large purpose-built arenas throughout the Roman Empire from 105
BCE to 404 CE. Roman gladiator games were an opportunity for emperors and rich
aristocrats to display their wealth to the populace, to commemorate military victories, mark
visits from important officials, celebrate birthdays or simply to distract the populace from the
political and economic problems of the day.

Gladiators most often came from a slave or criminal background but also many
prisoners of war were forced to perform in the arenas. There were also cases of bankrupt
aristocrats forced to earn a living by the sword. Perhaps the most famous gladiator of all was
Spartacus, who led an uprising of gladiators and slaves from Capua before he was captured
and forced to train as a gladiator.

https://www.worldhistory.org/gladiator/

WORD LIST

1 armor - perisai a metal layer to protect one in a

battle
2 workmanship - hasil kerja the skill with which something was
made
3 embossed - corak yang timbul ornamented with or having the form
of a raised pattern
4 crests - jambul feather / fur on top on animal’s head
5 ancient - purba old age
6 arenas - gelanggang an enclosed area used for public
entertainment
7 aristocrats - bangsawan nobleman
8 populace - penduduk residents
9 commemorate - memperingati to honour
10 uprising - pemberontakan rebellion

33
 Article 31: What Is Financial Literacy?

Financial literacy is the combination of financial, credit, and debt management

knowledge that is necessary to make financially responsible decisions—choices that are
integral to our everyday lives. Financial literacy includes understanding how a checking
account works, using a credit card, and avoiding debt. Financial literacy has an impact on
families as they try to balance their budget, buy a home, fund their children’s education, and
ensure an income for retirement.

The level of financial literacy may vary with education and income levels, but evidence
shows that highly educated consumers with high incomes can be just as ignorant about
financial issues as less-educated, lower-income consumers (though, in general, the latter do
tend to be less financially literate). And consumers perceive financial decision-making and
education as difficult and anxiety-producing. People reported choosing the right investment
for a retirement savings plan was more stressful than a visit to the dentist, according to
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

investopedia.com/articles/investing/100615

WORD LIST

1. financial literacy - celik kewangan knowledge

2. integral - penting essential

3. impact - kesan effect

4. fund - biaya trust

5. retirement - persaraan withdrawal

6. vary - berbeza-beza differ

7. ignorant - jahil unaware

8. perceive - mendapati notice

9. anxiety-producing - menimbulkan kebimbangan anxiety-inducing

10. investment - pelaburan savings

34
 Article 32: Panic buying – simply preparing or irrationally panicking?

Last Saturday, Kristina Moy decided to visit her local supermarket in the US city of
Seattle to pick up some weekly groceries. What started as a quick errand turned into a three-
hour ordeal, navigating checkout lanes packed with hundreds of shoppers stocking up amid
the outbreak of coronavirus. That day was declared a state of emergency following the
announcement of the first US death related to Covid-19. “For the most part, people were
understanding and relatively calm. But patience was definitely starting to grow thin,” says
Moy, who tweeted images of long queues and people with trolleys loaded with bottled water.

“Toilet paper and milk were flying off the shelves faster than I could count, and
carbonated water was just about empty.” Moy isn’t the only one to experience long queues
and empty shelves. Shoppers in Malaysia wanting to pad “pandemic pantries”. These grocery
hoarders plan to fill their kitchens until the crisis dies down. These are the real-world
consequences of panic buying – a phenomenon that happens in the face of a crisis that can
drive up prices and take essential goods out of the hands of people who need them most (such
as face masks for health workers). So why do people do it? The answer lies in a fear of the
unknown, and believing that a dramatic event warrants a dramatic response.

bbc.com/worklife/article
WORD LIST

1. pick up ambil / beli collect

2. errand tugasan task

3. amid ditengah-tengah during

4. a state of emergency darurat national danger

or disaster

5. relatively secara perbandingan quite

6. loaded diisi laden

7. flying off hilang soaring

8. pad mengisi stuff

9. hoarders mereka yang suka mengumpul. collectors

10. warrants menjamin permits

35
 Article 33: Shopping addiction

Some people develop shopping addictions because they essentially get addicted to
how their brain feels while shopping. As they shop, their brain releases endorphins and
dopamine, and over time, these feelings become addictive. A professor in applied health
sciences, claims that 10 to 15 percent of the population may be predisposed to these feelings.
In some cases, it may be difficult to tell if you are, or a loved one is, a shopaholic. Many people
adore shopping, and many people also spend too much money while engaging in this activity.
It is important to note that going a shopping spree once in a while does not mean you are a
shopping addict.
However, there are several signs and symptoms shopping addicts display that you
may want to look for. Like all addicts, shopping addicts may try to hide their addiction, and if a
loved one is addicted to shopping, they may try to hide it from you. If you hide credit card bills,
shopping bags or receipts, you may be a shopaholic. Some of the other emotional symptoms
you may notice from a shopaholic are they spend more than they can afford and they shop
when they are angry or depressed.
psychguides.com
WORD LIST

1. addicted - ketagih dependent

2. releases - melepaskan discharges

3. predisposed - terdedah inclined

4. adore - suka love

5. engaging - melakukan appealing

6. shopping spree - membeli-belah shopping binge

7. display - petunjuk show

8. shopaholic - Suka membeli-belah shopping addict

9. afford - mampu pay for

10. depressed - tertekan miserable

36
 Article 34: Quality Over Quantity

You may have heard the phrase quality over quantity before, but what does it mean?
It is somewhat self-explanatory as the phrase implies a preference for better things as
opposed to more things. However, it encompasses so much more! It’s a way of life that is
congruent with the philosophy that quantity doesn’t make you happy. Once you understand
that, you start focusing on quality instead. Quality over quantity is freedom from our culture of
consumerism and learning the importance of gratitude. This simplicity contributes to a fulfilling
life in ways quantity could never achieve. The reason for choosing quality over quantity can
be summarized in one word: simplicity.
Choosing quality over quantity in all areas of your life opens you up to experiencing
deeper connections and more satisfaction. Choosing your outfit is a lot easier when you
have less clothing in your closet. Decision fatigue is real! Quality over quantity allows you to
use your resources more efficiently. You will be able to save time, money, as well as your
physical and mental energy. Saving these resources enables you to free them for other more
meaningful things that really matter to you.
womenmarketingonline.com

WORD LIST

1. implies - maksud suggests

2. opposed - bertentangan contrasting

3. encompasses - meliputi includes

4. congruent - serupa similar

5. gratitude - kesyukuran appreciation

6. simplicity - kesederhanaan easiness

7. satisfaction - kepuasan pleasure

8. outfit - pakaian clothing

9. efficiently - cekap professionally

10. resources - pendapatan income

37
 Article 35: How Money Affects Happiness

The big question is, “Can money buy happiness?” There is no simple answer. “It seems
natural to assume that rich people will be happier than others,” write psychologists Ed Diener
and Robert Biswas-Diener in Happiness (Blackwell Publishing, 2008). There is a strong
correlation between wealth and happiness, the authors say: “Rich people and nations are
happier than their poor counterparts; don’t let anyone tell you differently.” But they note that
money’s impact on happiness isn’t as large as you might think. If you have clothes to wear,
food to eat, and a roof over your head, increased disposable income has just a small
influence on your sense of well-being.

To put it another way, if you’re living below the poverty line ($22,050 annual income
for a family of four in 2009), an extra $5,000 a year can make a huge difference in your
happiness. On the other hand, if your family earns $70,000 a year, $5,000 may be a bonus,
but it won’t radically change your life. There is also a real danger that increased income can
actually make you miserable—if your desire to spend grows with it. But that’s not to say you
have to live like a monk. The key is finding a balance between having too little and having too
much—and that’s no easy task.

oreilly.com/library
WORD LIST

1. assume - andaikan accept

2. correlation - perkaitan connection

3. counterparts - rakan sejawat colleagues

4. small influence - memberi impak yang sedikit little impact

5. disposable - meleset nonrefundable

6. poverty - kemiskinan scarcity

7. radically - dengan cepat drastically

8. miserable - sengsara sad

9. desire - keinginan longing

10. balance - keseimbangan equilibrium

38
 Article 36: How Online Shopping Impact Your Wallets

Shopping for goods and services online offers myriad benefits, such as efficiency,
convenience, and greater selection, as well as potentially better pricing than what you’d find
in a brick-and-mortar shop. According to a recent survey conducted by NPR and Marist
College, 69% of U.S. adults make purchases online. As a result of lockdowns and restrictions
from the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, e-commerce skyrocketed. In the first half of 2020,
U.S. e-commerce sales rose by 29.7% year over year.

Its popularity shows no sign of slowing, especially when social media is becoming a
strong platform for shopping, too. Commerce driven by social media is expected to reach $36
billion in 2021, representing 4.3% of all retail commerce sales, according to a recent report
from Insider Intelligence. Even though it’s easy to overindulge in retail therapy and
overspend, the benefits of online shopping tend to outweigh the negatives if you know how
to shop smart. Doing research and checking out reviews of products before making purchases
are some of the ways you can shop smart.

thebalance.com/budgeting

WORD LIST

1. myriad - banyak many

2. brick-and-mortar - normal/biasa conventional

3. lockdowns - sekatan restriction policy

4. pandemic - pandemik a prevalent disease

5. skyrocketed - meningkat increase

6. commerce - perdagangan trade

7. retail - runcit small business

8. overindulge - berlebih-lebihan enjoying too much

9. outweigh - melebihi more significant

10. reviews - maklumbalas feedback

39
 Article 37: Pros of Online Shopping

Online shopping promotes a hassle-free sale where shopping could be done just with
a click. Googling for deals is undoubtedly one of e-commerce’s biggest perks: You avoid
sometimes-pushy salespeople and crowds, all from the comfort of your couch. Plus, it’s easier
to browse the latest sales all at once rather than pushing through racks.

Another perk of online shopping is it empowers the consumer through product

reviews. Online reviews make it easy to get insider information on the product or shop you are
interested in. Clothing rental service Nuuly, for example, lets its customers add photos of
themselves wearing products to written reviews, enabling future customers to make
empowered, smart purchasing decisions. It’s beneficial for small businesses, too. Eighty-
seven percent of consumers read online reviews of local businesses, according to marketing
consultancy Bright Local’s 2020 Local Consumer Review Survey.

Also, when applicable, free shipping is a key driver for online purchases. Free
shipping leads to more sales, according to a recent survey conducted by Austin, Texas-based
BigCommerce. Eighty-four percent of respondents reported specifically making a purchase
because free shipping was offered.

thebalance.com/budgeting

WORD LIST

1. hassle -free - tanpa kerumitan convenient

2. undoubtedly - sudah pasti certainly

3. perks - kelebihan benefits

4. (all from the) comfort - tempat selesa convenience

5. empowers - memperkasakan becoming powerful

6. rental - sewaan rent

7. reviews - semakan an assessment

8. decisions - keputusan a conclusion

9. applicable - berkenaan relevant

10. respondents - responden people who provide feedback

40
 Article 38: Cons of Online Shopping

Despite myriad of pros in purchasing items online, there’s also some drawbacks. One
of it being, customers have to pay for their own return fees.

Many return policies often require you to pay for refund and restocking fees, even for
defective items, according to Michelle Madhok, online shopping expert and founder of online
deals publication, SHEFinds Media. If a company does not provide you with a return shipment
label, you will have to pay out of pocket for the expenses at a postal service.

Also, online shopping heightens the chance of the public to be fraud victim. Beware
of sites that request more personal information than just your name, address, and credit card
number. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), there were 4.8 million identify
theft and fraud reports in 2020, most of which occurred online. If an online site asks for
something like your social security number or bank account number, that’s typically a red flag
that where you’re shopping from is not trustworthy and you may be a victim of fraud.

thebalance.com/budgeting

WORD LIST

1. drawbacks - kelemahan disadvantages

2. policies - dasar guidelines

3. refund - bayaran balik reimbursement

4. defective - rosak broken

5. expenses - perbelanjaan spending

6. heightens - meningkatkan increase

7. fraud - penipuan scam

8. occurred - berlaku happened

9. red flag - peringatan warning of danger

10. trustworthy - boleh dipercayai trusted

41
 Article 39: What a budget does?

If you want to control your spending and work toward your financial goals, you need
a budget. A personal or household budget is a summary that compares and tracks your
income and expenses for a defined period, typically one month. While the word "budget" is
often associated with restricted spending, a budget does not have to be restrictive to be
effective.

A budget will show you how much money you expect to bring in, then compare that to
your required expenses—such as rent and insurance—and your discretionary spending,
such as entertainment or eating out. A written, monthly budget is a financial planning tool that
allows you to plan how much you will spend or save each month.

Though making a budget may not sound like the most exciting activity, it's an important
part of keeping your financial house in order. That's because budgets rely on balance. If you
spend less in one area, you can spend more in another, save that money for a large purchase,
build a "rainy day" fund, increase your savings, or invest in building wealth.

thebalance.com/budgeting

WORD LIST

1. financial - kewangan related to finance

2. household - rumah tangga domestic

3. associated - berkaitan related

4. restricted - terhad controlled

5. required - diperlukan needed

6. discretionary - budi bicara individual judgement

7. rely on - bergantung depends on

8. fund - dana a sum of money

9. invest - melabur venture funding

10. wealth - kekayaan abundance of valuables

42
 Article 40: The difference between ‘wants’ and ‘needs’

When you're creating a monthly budget, one of the most important steps you need to
take into account is categorizing your spending by whether it is a "need" or a "want." It is also
one of the most difficult steps because what is a need versus a want can vary from person to
person. It is also easy to miscategorise wants as needs if you are so accustomed to them
that you have trouble imagining living without them.

When you fill out a budgeting worksheet, you categorise your spending as either wants
or needs. This separates your expenses into what is necessary for your well-being and
survival (needs) compared to what you would like to have but do not require (wants).

Needs are usually your basic living expenses, things necessary for your health, or
expenses that are required for you to do your job. For instance, food, utility bill and
commuting fees. Wants are things you choose to buy but could live without, such as dining
out, entertainment and travel.

thebalance.com/budgeting

WORD LIST

1. vary - berubah change

2. miscategorise - salah kategori wrongly classify

3. accustomed - terbiasa familiar

4. separates - mengasingkan segregate

5. necessary - diperlukan required

6. well-being - kesejahteraan being healthy

7. survival - kelangsungan hidup endurance

8. utility - utiliti service

9. commuting - berulang- alik travel

10. fees - tambang payment

43
 Article 41: Let’s Be Wiser Consumers

As a wise consumer, you should not buy too much on credit. This is because when
you buy on credit you are actually adding to the cost of the product when you pay interest to
the credit card vendor. Therefore, make sure you budget your money before you go shopping.
Plan before you buy and make sure you have sufficient money before you go shopping. When
out shopping, you shouldn't buy the first item you see.

As a wise consumer you should realise that you need to shop around. Look for
available discounts and special deals. You may find the same product going at a lower price
at different outlets. Thus, shopping around will make you a wise consumer who can find the
best price for the item you wish to purchase. This will certainly save you your hard-earned
money! To be a wise consumer you should avoid impulse purchases. Do not make a
purchase just because it's on offer, or because the salesperson is very persuasive and you
find it difficult to say `no, thank you'!

englishdaily626.com

WORD LIST

1. consumer - pengguna buyer

2. interest - faedah extra charge

3. budget - tetapkan belanjawan allocate amount

4. sufficient - mencukupi enough

5. available - ada obtainable

6. deals - tawaran sale

7. outlets - kedai shop

8. hard-earned - susah payah mendapatkan difficult to get

9. purchases - pembelian buy

10. persuasive - meyakinkan convincing

44
 Article 42: Customer Loyalty

Customer loyalty is a consumer's willingness and desire to repeatedly buy a product

or use a service from a company they have had outstanding experiences with. Customer
loyalty is the relationship satisfied customers have with the business establishments. It can
also extend to occasional repeat customers. Customer loyalty goes beyond ensuring that a
customer is satisfied with the services or products your business offers. The ideal end goal is
to turn a customer into a brand advocate. Although some businesses experience a degree of
customer loyalty without investing any effort it seems, you can attract new customers and
strengthen the relationship with your existing customers by implementing a rewards program.

Through such a program, you can incentivise customers to continually buy your
products by offering future discounts or even free items. As an additional step of ensuring
customer loyalty, prioritize maintaining a high level of quality with the items you sell. Avoid
becoming the company whose online reviews say that the formula changed or the product
malfunctions more easily than it did previously. That's bad for customers.

jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/managementreview

WORD LIST

1. loyalty - kesetiaan engagement

2. outstanding - menyerlah extraordinary

3. establishment - penubuhan development

4. occasional - sekali-sekala sometimes

5. advocate - penyokong supporter

6. investing - melabur putting

7. implementing - melaksanakan carrying out

8. incentivise - memberi galakan motivate

9. prioritize - mengutamakan focus

10. malfunctions - rosak break down

45
 Article 43: Teaching Kids about Money

Teaching kids about money when they’re young lays the foundation for responsible
money management later in life. Children whose parents emphasise the importance of
financial literacy and encourage them to spend and save thoughtfully develop a healthy
perspective on money. It’s never too early to begin teaching your kids about money. Some
parents don’t feel confident enough in their own knowledge of financial matters to be
comfortable teaching their kids about money. Others believe it’s inappropriate to burden
young children with conversations about money or think, mistakenly, that children are too
young to understand financial concepts.

Based on a research, younger students can learn financial topics and that learning is
associated with improved attitudes and behaviors which, if sustained, may result in increased
financial capability later in life. The fact that opportunities to talk to kids about money happen
naturally as we go about our daily lives. Parents can take advantage of these “teachable
moments” when they arise to help their kids begin building the foundation for a lifetime of
financial success.

annuity.org/financial-literacy/how-to-teach-kids-about-money

WORD LIST

1. foundation - asas basis

2. emphasise - menekankan highlight

3. literacy - celik knowledge

4. thoughtfully - mempertimbangkan considerately

5. perspective - sudut pandang overview

6. inappropriate - tidak sesuai unsuitable

7. sustained - berterusan constant

8. capability - keupayaan ability

9. opportunities - peluang chances

10. lifetime - seumur hidup life span

46
 Article 44: Life Insurance as Investment

Life insurance is something you may consider adding to your financial plan if you're
interested in providing a measure of security for your loved ones. Proceeds from a life
insurance policy can be used to pay final expenses, eliminate outstanding debts, or cover
day-to-day expenses. Whether life insurance is a smart investment may depend on what you
need and want a policy to do for you.

When deciding whether life insurance is a good investment, it's important to

understand the types of policies you can purchase. There are several variations of life
insurance plans, but they generally fall into two categories: permanent and term. Term life
insurance is designed to cover you for a set term, hence its name. Permanent life insurance,
on the other hand, covers you for life as long as your premiums are paid. There are many
arguments in favor of using permanent life insurance as an investment while term life
insurance could be a good investment if you don't want to leave your loved ones with the
burden of paying off debt or other expenses.

annuity.org/financial-literacy/how-to-teach-kids-about-money

WORD LIST

1. security - jaminan guarantee

2. eliminate - menyingkirkan get rid of

3. expenses - perbelanjaan cost

4. investment - pelaburan expenditure

5. permanent - tetap fixed

6. term - tempoh period

7. premiums - amaun nilai charge

8. arguments - hujah dispute

9. burden - beban responsibility

10. debt - hutang a sum of money owed

47
 Article 45: Financial Stress
Financial stress is an emotional tension that is specifically related to money. Anyone
can experience financial stress, but financial stress may occur more often in households with
low incomes. Stress can result from not making enough money to meet your needs such as
paying rent, paying the bills, and buying groceries. People with less income might experience
additional stress due to their jobs. Their jobs might lack flexibility when it comes to taking
time off. They might work in unsafe environments, but they are afraid to leave because they
won't be able to support themselves financially while they look for another job.

People with low incomes may not have access to resources to manage their financial
stress, either, such as health insurance to receive mental health treatment. Most people stress
about money from time to time. But financial stress can become problematic if it disrupts
your everyday life. For instance, you might find you can't focus on or enjoy other parts of your
life because your money-related stress is causing you to worry so much.

verywellmind.com/understanding-and-preventing-financial-stress

WORD LIST

1. tension - ketegangan pressure

2. occur - terjadi happen

3. households - keluarga family

4. incomes - pendapatan salary

5. additional - tambahan more

6. flexibility - fleksibiliti adjustability

7. unsafe - berbahaya dangerous

8. resources - sumber materials

9. problematic - bermasalah serious

10. disrupts - mengganggu disturbs

48
 Article 46: A Method to Save Money – Don’t Cave In to Advertising

It is impossible to be completely immune to advertising unless you live an off-grid

living without access to any form of media. People feel compelled to spend for various
reasons.
Besides, sensory marketing is made to appeal to your five senses, making you act on your
emotional impulses rather than rationality. For instance, the distinct smell of food from a
popular fast food chain that you associate with your childhood is one of the factors that lead
you to spending, even if you do not need to.

Every time you see a commercial or hear a jingle, learn to recognise the tactics the
establishments are using to appeal to you. Furthermore, you should adapt a “buy only what
you need, not what you want” mantra to remind yourself of what is truly important to your
needs. This way, you will only have possessions that you cherish, which not only saves you
money, but also keeps you from accumulating unnecessary clutter and keeps you grateful
for the things you do have. It takes time to develop the willpower to control impulse spending
but your efforts will pay off when you realise how much you’ve managed to save for a rainy
day.

sg.theasianparent.com/consumerism-examples

WORD LIST

1. off-grid - luar grid/kawasan off-the-grid

2. compelled - terpaksa forced/driven

3. impulses - dorongan instinct

4. distinct - tersendiri noticeable

5. jingle - bunyi tune

6. establishments - institusi/syarikat institution

7. mantra - mantera incantation

8. accumulating - mengumpulkan litter

9. clutter - sampah notice

10. willpower - kemahuan strength

49
 Article 47: A Method to Save Money – Hold Off On Getting the Newest Tech Gadgets

New models of smartphones and laptops are released every year and the increasingly
advanced specifications can be very tempting. You may feel the need to upgrade your
smartphones to the latest models year after year. But is that really necessary when your
current phone is only a year old? A 64GB iPhone 11 without contract costs RM2,399 while the
128GB iPhone 12 costs up to RM3,599, and upgrading every year will cause your expenses
to add up. Whether you are choosing the “cheapest” or the priciest option, using your phone
until it stops working gives you more bang for your buck—although your mileage may vary.

As for laptops, refurbished ones sold via the official website or flagship stores of
your preferred laptop brand are as good as new, and can save you at least RM400 compared
to buying a brand new one. And whether you are purchasing a brand new or a refurbished
device, spending that extra cash on an extended warranty can help you save money on
costly repairs in case your phone/laptop breaks.

sg.theasianparent.com/consumerism-examples

WORD LIST

1. specifications - spesifikasi particulars

2. tempting - menggoda attractive

3. expenses - perbelanjaan costs

4. priciest - paling mahal highly priced

5. bang for your buck - nilai untuk wang value for money

6. mileage - tempoh span

7. refurbished - diubahsuai remodeled

8. flagship stores - kedai utama lead/front stores

9. extended - dipanjangkan continued

10. costly - mahal pricey

50
 Article 48: Malaysian Consumer Rights for Claims and Refunds

As a consumer, you have the right to receive fair judgement which includes
compensation for your purchase of goods or services received which had a misleading trade
description. It was either the item purchased was of poor quality or if you received
unsatisfactory services. You can submit a claim for compensation to the Tribunal For
Consumer Claims Malaysia which is part of the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer
Affairs Malaysia.

There is a monetary limit under the law that states that you can only make claims that
do not exceed RM25,000. Compensation is not given by the Tribunal, but traders will be
ordered by the Tribunal to give the compensation.

Aside from that, make sure you keep all types of documentation pertaining to your
purchase or service received from the trader which you are seeking claims from as it will be
required for evidence purposes. The usual evidence which will be required are receipts,
invoices, advertising materials, flawed products and brochures or any other type of documents
or materials which would help the case of the complainant.

comparehero.my/money-tips/articles/consumer-rights-malaysia

WORD LIST

1. fair - adil impartial

2. compensation - pampasan reimbursement

3. misleading - mengelirukan puzzling

4. unsatisfactory - tidak memuaskan disappointing

5. monetary - kewangan financial

6. exceed - melebihi pass

7. traders - peniaga sellers

8. pertaining - berkaitan related

9. flawed - cacat imperfect

10. complainant - pengadu accuser

51
 Article 49: What Are Budget Apps?

If you are looking for ways to get your finances under control, creating a budget is
one of the best ways to start. Thanks to the internet, you can take advantage of free budgeting
apps to make it easier to manage your money. These apps make tracking your everyday
spending a snap, so you can see where you can make little changes that will add up quickly.
The most downloaded app is Mint. Mint is a great app for monthly budgeting. It automatically
updates and categorises transactions so you get a picture of your spending in real time.

Now that you know about the best budget app on the market, you are probably saying
“Okay. But which one is right for me?” The answer is, it depends. How comfortable are you
with the idea of budgeting in the first place? Do you share finances with another person, or
are you flying solo? Do you prefer to budget on the go or at home on your computer? Think
about the options to help you find the best budget app for you.

amfam.com/resources/articles/money-matters/budget-apps

WORD LIST

1. finances - kewangan funds

2. creating - menyediakan making

3. budgeting - belanjawan monetary

4. tracking - penjejakan trailing

5. changes - perubahan adjustment

6. monthly - bulanan every month

7. transactions - urus niaga purchases

8. comfortable - selesa at ease

9. solo - seorang alone

10. options - pilihan choices

52
 Article 50: Don’t Be Scammed!

Online scammers these days know all kinds of tricks and techniques to get you to
hand over your personal information. Therefore, it is important to protect yourself when
strangers or people with malicious intent approach you, asking for your personal details.

According to a post shared on Facebook by Royal Malaysian Police, a female victim

recently lost RM9,500 when she encountered online banking scammers impersonating the
police. The victim received a call from an alleged Negeri Sembilan court regarding the arrears
of her RHB loan. The call was then “transferred” to the police headquarters in Bukit Aman and
the victim was forced to reveal her personal information such as her username, password and
also TAC number for “verification” purposes.

Banks today have tried their very best to improve online security in order to regain
customer’s confidence and trust. However, we as a consumer should take extra precaution
to secure our personal information because all of those security measures would be pointless
if we are not careful with our private details.

soyacincau.com/2018/08/14/tips-to-protect-yourself-from-being-scammed/

WORD LIST

1. tricks - helah deceits

2. malicious - berniat jahat evil

3. encountered - menemui came across

4. impersonating - menyamar imitating

5. alleged - dikatakan supposed

6. arrears - tunggakan overdue amount

7. verification - pengesahan confirmation

8. precaution - langkah berjaga-jaga safety measure

9. measures - langkah procedures

10. private - peribadi personal

53
 Article 51: How to Decide to Trade in or Sell?

The decision whether to trade in your old phone or to sell can depend on a few factors,
which means neither is inherently better than the other. As a result, it's important to consider
the situation, as well as your budget and preferences, to make the right choice for you.

If you're thinking about trading in your phone, consider spending a few minutes
researching how much you could earn by selling the device. This can give you an idea of the
trade-off you'd make by opting for the convenience of a trade-in over the work it might take
to sell the phone.

For example, if your particular phone is worth $100 more if you sell it instead of trading
it in, it may still be worth doing a trade-in if you don't have a lot of free time to go through the
whole selling process, and you can afford to lose the difference.

However, if your budget is tight, spending a little extra time selling the phone may be
well worth the additional cash.

thebalance.com/budgeting/

WORD LIST

1. trade - perdagangan exchange

2. inherently - secara semulajadi naturally

3. preferences - pilihan inclination

4. earn - memperoleh gain

5. opting - memilih deciding

6. particular - khususnya specific

7. worth - berbaloi sufficiently good

8. whole - keseluruhan entirely

9. afford - mampu bear

10. additional - tambahan extra

54
 Article 52: Phone Trade-In vs. Selling

For many people, a cell phone is the most important device they own. So, the
prospect of upgrading your phone to a newer (or simply a different) model can be exciting.

Many people trade in or sell their old phones to get some cash to help pay for their
new device. There are advantages and disadvantages to trading in your phone or selling.

If you're buying your new phone through the manufacturer or your wireless carrier,
the simpler option may be to do a trade-in. Typically, you'll get an estimate of how much the
phone is worth, and the carrier will provide a prepaid return kit or a shipping label so you don't
have to pay to ship the device.

Selling your phone instead of trading it in requires more legwork, but it could result in
more cash in your pocket, which you can put towards your new phone or recoup some of its
cost if you already purchased it. There are several places where you can sell your iPhone or
Android device, including eBay, Craiglist and Facebook Marketplace.

thebalance.com/budgeting/

WORD LIST

1. device - peranti gadget

2. prospect - prospek plan

3. upgrading - naik taraf enhancing

4. manufacturer - pengeluar producer

5. carrier - pembawa transmitter

6. typically - biasanya commonly

7. estimate - anggaran approximation

8. prepaid - prabayar paid in advance

9. legwork - kesusahan hassle

10. recoup - mendapatkan semula regain

55
 Article 53: How to Travel on A Student Budget

Taking holidays as a student can be tough with a stringent budget, but not impossibly
difficult. Sometimes issues with money can get in the way. Follow this advice to help you
manage your spending while still enjoying the holiday you’ve waited for so long for.
Your spending behaviour is vital when you are a student, and it is best to identify your
bad habits quickly. Discipline comes in super handy when you’re wanting to save cash.
If you’re looking to travel on a student budget, be clever with your money and only
spend when necessary. Work out a daily budget so you can enjoy your time away. Simply
divide how much spending money you have by the number of days away. This will give you a
rough idea to balance your purchases. Having some cash on hand while overseas is helpful
as you may be charged with your debit or travel card. You don’t want to bring a whole wad of
cash, so reduce the amount of ATM fees you get by taking enough out once a week to get
you by.

goget.com.au/blog/how-to-travel-on-a-student-budget/

WORD LIST

1 stringent - (bajet) yang kecil strict

2 spending - perbelanjaan expenditure
3 vital - sangat penting essential
4 bad habits - amalan-amalan tidak baik weaknesses
5 super handy - sangat membantu extremely useful
6 work out - rancang plan
7 purchases - pembelian buy
8 simply - hanya just
9 rough idea - gambaran awal vague idea
10 wad of cash - jumlah wang yang banyak bundle

56
 Article 54: My Shopping Weakness
My shopping weakness is the opposite season from others, I guess! Fall clothes are
what get me every year. When the new school year starts, I find it hard to resist the new
patterns, rich colours, and stylish winter boots that are on display in the stores. Our winter
season is long here, so I do get a lot of wear out of my purchases. I do use store credit cards
to get the discounts but will keep a close tab on my spending by setting a limit and paying
the entire amount off when the bill comes. After all, if I pay interest, I didn’t pay as fair a price
as I thought I did.

In addition, the Spring merchandise with all its happy colours and light-weight fabrics
is just so tempting. But I run very cold, so I continuously try to remind myself that I really do
not need a large number of tops and bottoms in Summer fabrications.

To conclude, my biggest, shopping weakness: stripes. I’m not even going to

pretend I have this one under control!

youlookfab.com/2013/01/08/the-discipline-to-overcome-a-shopping-weakness/

WORD LIST

1 fall - musin luruh autumn

2 resist - melawan withstand
3 stylish - bergaya fashionable
4 display - dipamerkan exhibit
5 a close tab - melihat dengan teliti observe
6 entire - keseluruhan whole
7 merchandise - barang-barang goods
8 tempting - menarik appealing
9 run very cold - rasa sangat takut frighten very much
10 tops and bottoms - pakaian dari bahagian clothes that are put
pinggang ke atas dan dari on from the upper
bahagian pinggang ke bawah and lower parts of
their bodies

57
 Article 55: 8 Tips on saving money as a student

There are some simple ways students can spend less, save more, while still having a
great life. Firstly, make a budget. Avoid shopping when you’re hungry, manage your loans,
and cut out unnecessary costs. Next, buy, swap and sell some of your school supplies,
clothes and furniture in your house. Instead of buying them new, get them and save 50% –
80% of your budget like buying from Ebay.
Don’t buy a car yet! A car is one of the most expensive things you can own as a
student. Using cheaper transport options can save you a lot. Instead of buying lunch at the
café, try to find recipes that freeze well and make multiple servings every Sunday or whatever
day is convenient.

You can also save money by finding discounts you’re eligible for - there are heaps!
Students can save on travel, movies, food, software, and retail if you know where to look.
Don’t forget to cut out unnecessary subscriptions. By doing regular checks of your
subscriptions, you’ll cut out regular payments you don’t use before they cost too much.

https://www.goget.com.au/blog/how-to-save-money-as-a-student/

WORD LIST

1 spend - berbelanja pay out

2 loans - pinjaman credit / mortgage
3 unnecessary - tidak perlu unneeded
4 swap - tukar exchange
5 freeze - membeku chill
6 servings - hidangan portion / plate
7 convenient - selesa agreeable / suitable
8 heaps - bertimbun bundle / pile
9 retail - barang runcit trade
10 subscriptions - langganan purchasing (daily / monthly)

58
 Article 56: What's The Difference Between Credit & Debit Cards

Debit and credit cards are both used to pay for goods or services without paying in
cash. The difference between the two is where the money to pay for the purchase comes
from. When you use a debit card, the funds for the amount of your purchase are taken from
your savings account in almost real time. When you use a credit card, the amount will be
charged to your line of credit, meaning you will pay the bill at a later date, which also gives
you more time to pay. Using a debit card instead of a credit card is a good way to decrease
your chances of getting into debt.

This method of payment should keep you within your budget because you would not
want to spend all of the money in your savings account. Debit cards give you easy access to
your cash. Since the money from a purchase you make with your debit card is taken directly
out of your savings account, you don't have to worry about a bill coming your way at the end
of the month. This also means that you don't have to worry about interest accumulating on
that bill. Using a debit card is a great way to control your spending.

huntington.com/learn/checking-basics/difference-between-credit-debit

WORD LIST

1. purchase - pembelian procurement

2. funds - dana resources

3. real time - waktu sebenar now

4. charged - dikenakan owe

5. credit - hutang loan

6. decrease - mengurangkan reduction

7. chances - peluang probability

8. keep you within - memastikan perbelanjaan di manage

dalam kemampuan

9. taken directly - diambil terus credited from

10. interest accumulating - nilai yang dikenakan annual

percentage rate

59
 Article 57: What’s the difference between saving and investing money?

Saving means putting money aside. You usually save up to pay for something
specific, such as a holiday, a deposit on a home, or to cover any emergencies that might
crop up (like a broken television). Everybody should do their best to build up an emergency
savings fund. The general rule is to have at least three months’ worth of living expenses saved
up in an instant access savings account. This should include rent, food, school fees and any
other essential outgoings. Your emergency fund means you have some financial security if
something goes wrong. Set yourself savings goals and put away enough to buy what you
want.

You could also start to think about investing your money if you don’t need the money
in the next five years. Investing means taking some of your money and trying to make it grow
by buying products that might increase in value over time. For example, you might invest in
stocks, property, or shares in a fund. While the gains from investing can be bigger than
saving, the value of investments can go down as well as up. Before choosing to invest your
money, remember that there’s always the risk that your investments can go down as well as
up. That means you could lose money.

moneyhelper.org.uk/en/savings/how-to-save/should-i-save-or-invest

WORD LIST

1. saving - simpanan put aside

2. specific - khusus exact

3. deposit - simpanan savings

4. emergencies - kecemasan predicaments

5. crop up - muncul appear

6. expenses - perbelanjaan expenditures

7. access - jalan masuk entry

8. rent - sewa lease

9. stocks - saham shares

10. property - harta benda estate

60
 Article 58: What are NFTs, and how do they work?

NFT stands for non-fungible token. A painting can be copied or photographed,

however, the original is still the original, and the replicas don’t have the same value. Each
non-fungible token acts as a certificate of authenticity, showing that a digital asset is unique
and not interchangeable. An NFT can never be changed, never be adjusted, and never be
stolen.

A non-fungible token is essentially a certificate of ownership for a digital asset. The

value comes from the collectability of that asset, as well as its potential future sale value.
NFTs can be sold and also traded.

Using art is an excellent example of the value of NFTs. In February 2021, digital artist
Beeple sold the NFT for their ‘Everydays – The First 5000 Days’ artwork for a staggering
$69.3 million through an auction house. The first Tweet from Jack Dorsey, the founder of
Twitter, sold the NFT for his first Tweet for $2.9 million. The ‘Nyan Cat’ GIF sold for $561,000
at the time. The ‘Charlie Bit Me’ Video video of a baby biting his brother’s finger was viewed
over 800 million times on YouTube. The NFT for the video sold for around £500,000.

futurelearn.com/info/blog/what-are-nfts-how-they-work

WORD LIST

1. non-fungible - tidak boleh ditukar (cannot) mutually interchangeable

2. original - asli unique

3. replicas - tiruan duplicates

4. token - token symbolic

5. authenticity - keaslian genuineness

6. interchangeable - boleh tukar exchangeable

7. adjusted - diselaraskan accustomed

8. collectability - koleksi collection

9. staggering - mengagumkan amazing

10. auction - lelongan public sale

61
 Article 59: What Is Cryptocurrency?

A cryptocurrency (or “crypto”) is a digital currency that can be used to buy goods and
services, but uses an online ledger with strong cryptography to secure online transactions.
Many companies have issued their own currencies. Think of them as arcade tokens or casino
chips. Cryptocurrencies work using a technology called blockchain. Blockchain is a
decentralized technology spread across many computers that manages and records
transactions. Part of the appeal of this technology is its security.

The most popular cryptocurrency, bitcoin, has had volatile price moves over the years,
reaching nearly $65,000 before losing nearly half its value the next month

The total value of all bitcoins, the most popular digital currency, was pegged at about
$1.2 trillion. Why are cryptocurrencies so popular? Supporters see cryptocurrencies such as
bitcoin as the currency of the future and are racing to buy them now, presumably before they
become more valuable. Some supporters like the fact that cryptocurrency removes central
banks from managing the money supply, since over time these banks tend to reduce the value
of money via inflation.

nerdwallet.com/article/investing/cryptocurrency-7-things-to-know

WORD LIST

1. cryptocurrency - matawang digital digital currency

2. ledger - lejar / rekod kira-kira record

3. transactions - urusniaga connections

4. issued - mengeluarkan distributed

5. decentralized - dikembangkan spread out

6. appeal - ciri-ciri quality of something

7. pegged - diikat secured

8. presumably - jangkaan probably

9. valuable - berharga treasured

10. reduce - pengurangan lessen

62
 Article 60: What you should know about Amanah Saham Bumiputera (ASB)

ASB was launched by Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad or ASNB on 2 January, 1990
for all Malaysian Bumiputeras, with an objective to provide an alternative savings vehicle to
a bulk of the population. ASNB is the wholly-owned unit trust management company of
Permodalan Nasional Bhd (PNB). This unit trust fund aims to generate long term, consistent
and competitive returns for its investors. As such, ASB was designed as a fixed price equity
income fund where the price per unit of the fund is fixed at RM1.00 with no sales charges and
no fees for the redemption of units.

ASB has a maximum input limit of up to RM200,000 and investors can only increase
their investment amounts until this limit. Hence, capital gains that are retained in the ASB
account may exceed RM200,000. Investors are free to decide the amount to invest at any time
and can top-up or subscribe to additional units anytime they want.

iproperty.com.my/guides/amanah-saham-bumiputera-asb-amanah-saham-malaysia-asm/

WORD LIST

1. launched - dilancarkan inaugurated

2. alternative - pilihan lain substitute

3. bulk - pukal wholesale

4. wholly-owned - owned by one person/company milik penuh

5. unit trust - amanah saham shares

6. long term - jangka masa panjang longer period of time

7. returns - pulangan incomes

8. redemption - penebusan recovery

9. capital - modal resources

10. retained - dikekalkan reserved

63
 Article 61: The mystery that is Venus

If we couldn’t see Venus, we’d hardly dare to imagine such a deceptive world.
Named for the Roman goddess of love and fertility, the planet is one of the nighttime
sky’s most beautiful sights. But on its surface raindrops would dissolve flesh, temperatures
are hot enough that wood and gasoline would spontaneously burst into flame, while 6
pressure is so high that submarines would crumple.
Though today’s Venus is grotesque, scientists suspect it was once quite different—
temperate, perhaps awash in oceans, maybe even inhabited. For billions of years, our solar
system may have been home to two blue marbles orbiting the sun, side by side. Yet while life
on Earth flourished and thrived, a catastrophic amount of carbon accumulated in Venus’s
atmosphere, triggering a runaway greenhouse effect that laid waste to our once-verdant
sibling. Now Venus is a deadly marble—a world gone wrong.
Or is it?
“I don’t know that Venus went wrong,” says Lori Glaze, NASA’s planetary science
division director. “I prefer to say that Earth went right.”

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/hellish-venus-poses-many-mysteries-new-
spacecraft-aim-to-solve-them
WORD LIST

1. deceptive - mengelirukan, mengabui misleading, tricky

2. fertility - kesuburan productiveness

3. spontaneously - secara spontan involuntarily

4. crumple - renyuk crush

5. temperate - beriklim sederhana mild weather

6. inhabited - didiami occupied

7. flourished - tumbuh subur grow

8. catastrophic - membawa bencana disastrous

9. runaway - tidak terkawal out-of-control

10. verdant - menghijau green, grass-covered

64
 Article 62: Should some of the world’s endangered places be off-limits to tourists?

There are many cases where interventions have helped to mitigate overcrowding.
Last July, Italy banned large cruise ships from entering Venice’s waters and declared the
city’s lagoon a national monument. Bhutan has for decades pursued a “high-value, low-
volume” strategy, with prices only luxury travelers can afford, while investing in the
preservation of nature and culture. Some destinations—including Amsterdam—have all but
stopped actively marketing the city to tourists, switching objectives from “destination
promotion” to “destination management” for the welfare of locals.
“We have many examples of visitor management systems that work to limit visitation
in vulnerable places,” says Greg Klassen, a tourism strategist based in Vancouver. “For
example, many national parks have areas open to visitors by first-come, first-served, lottery
systems.”
Such measures have been gaining traction. In 2017, Peru limited access to Machu
Picchu to two timed entries each day and restricted travelers to specific trails. Some of the
new, stricter pandemic-era restrictions—visitors having to buy tickets for specific hours rather
than half-day blocks, for example—will likely be permanent.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/should-some-of-the-worlds-endangered-
places-be-off-limits-to-tourists
WORD LIST

1. intervention - campur tangan interference, arbitration

2. mitigate - mengurangkan alleviate

3. declared - mengisytiharkan proclaim, announce

4. monument - tugu peringatan testament

5. pursued - mengerjar objektif strived

6. luxury - mewah indulgent

7. preservation - pemeliharaan conservation

8. visitation - lawatan visit, inspection

9. welfare - kebajikan well-being

10. traction - kepopularan popularity

65
 Article 63: Want better talks with your kids? Take them outside.

Regardless of where you’re talking to your child, good conversations begin with strong
connections. “There’s decades of research showing that having sensitive, timely, responsive
interactions with your child will benefit your child’s development,” says cognitive psychologist
Merideth Gattis, a professor at Cardiff University in Wales who coauthored the 2018 study.
“And parents need to employ a sort of Goldilocks strategy—not too much, not too little, but
just right.”
So, what does that look like? According to Jennifer Kolari, a Toronto-based child and
family therapist, parents spend a lot of time talking to their kids, telling them what to do or why
they should or shouldn’t do something. But to nurture those deeper connections, parents
need to be fully present, pausing to listen and respond to their children with compassion and
empathy. And that’s when the magic happens.
“Some pretty important chemicals start to flow when you have this connectivity,” says
Kolari, author of Connected Parenting: How to Raise a Great Kid. For instance, when your
child feels heard, his brain is bathed in oxytocin, one of the reward chemicals that makes
people feel good.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/family/article/want-better-talks-with-your-kids-take-them-
outside
WORD LIST

1. timely - tepat pada masa opportune

2. responsive - responsif reactive

3. interactions - interaksi interplay

4. coauthored - pengarang bersama cowriter

5. employ - menggunakan utilise

6. nurture - memupuk encourage

7. compassion - belas kasihan sympathy

8. empathy - empati understanding

9. connectivity - perhubungan interconnection

10. bathed - dibanjiri suffused, enveloped

66
 Article 64: Why city trees can be good for kids’ brains?

With three kids under eight years old, New York City parents Kimberly and Sam
Leopold made proximity to nature the top must-have during their recent apartment search.
“We spend time in a park two or three times a day,” says Kimberly, who lives in a 750-square-
foot South Harlem apartment with her husband and daughters. “Honestly, it’s a matter of
survival. The kids are just happier when they can play and explore outdoors.”
And it turns out that a regular infusion of nature—in particular, seeing and being
around trees—could help bolster kids’ thinking and reasoning skills, too. A recent British
study of more than 3,500 city-dwelling children and teenagers from across London found that
having a higher daily exposure to woodlands (basically, places with trees) can help kids’
cognitive development.
The good news is that kids can—and should—get a daily dose of trees and other
nature even if your family lives in a city or suburb, says Tim Beatley, founder and executive
director of Biophilic Cities, which advocates for future cities in which residents are surrounded
by nature.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/family/article/why-city-trees-can-be-good-for-kids-brains

WORD LIST
1. proximity - hampir closeness

2. must-have - penting essential

3. survival - hidup continue to exist

4. infusion - penerapan incorporation

5. bolster - mengukuh strengthen

6. reasoning - pertimbangan logical thinking

7. dwelling - menetap residing, living

8. exposure - pendedahan introduction

9. suburb - kawasan perumahan residential area

10. advocates - menyokong supports

67
 Article 65: Webb Space Telescope

Planetary systems take millions of years to form, which introduces quite a challenge for
astronomers. How do you identify which stage they are in, or categorise them?
The best approach is to look at lots of examples and keep adding to the data we have
and NASA’s upcoming James Webb Space Telescope will be able to provide an infrared
inventory. Researchers using Webb will observe 17 actively forming planetary systems.
Webb will measure spectra that can reveal molecules in the inner regions of these
protoplanetary disks, complementing the details ALMA has provided about the disks’ outer
regions. These inner regions are where rocky, Earth-like planets can start to form, which is
one reason why we want to know more about which molecules exist there.
The James Webb Space Telescope will be the world’s premier space science
observatory when it launches in 2021. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look
beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and
origins of our universe.
https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-webb-space-telescope-to-explore-forming-planetary-
systems/
WORD LIST

1. Planetary systems - sistem planet star system

2. inventory - senarai/inventori list

3. spectra - jaluran warna range

4. molecules - sebatian zarah particle

5. Protoplanetary disks - cakera planet primitif rotating disk

6. rocky - berbatu stonelike

7. observatory - balai cerap lookout

8. distant - jauh far

9. probe - menyiasat explore

10. origins - permulaan beginning

68
 Article 66: To Cheat or Not to Cheat

The ability of cognitive control allows humans to override the brain’s impulses. It
also plays a role in making moral decisions. But does cognitive control override a moral
impulse to be honest, or to be dishonest? It depends on a person’s moral default, according
to new research published in JNeurosci.
Speer et al. used EEG to find the activity pattern of cognitive control and compare it
to the brain activity of participants during a cheating task. Participants played spot-the-
difference and won a reward when they reported finding three differences. But only some pairs
of images actually contained three differences, encouraging the participants to cheat.
The moral default of the participants varied: some people chose to cheat a few times,
while others only told the truth a few times. As participants decided whether or not to cheat,
the activity of theta brainwaves strengthened, an activity pattern representative of cognitive
control.
Stronger theta activity meant participants were more likely to go against their moral
default: cheaters were more likely to be honest, and honest people were more likely to cheat.

https://scitechdaily.com/to-cheat-or-not-to-cheat-cognitive-control-can-drive-cheaters-to-be-
honest-and-honest-people-to-cheat/
WORD LIST

1. cognitive - proses mempelajari learning process

2. override - menolak reject

3. impulses - dorongan urge

4. default - keadaan asal standard

5. pattern - corak design

6. cheating - menipu act dishonesty

7. encouraging - menyokong supporting

8. varied - pelbagai different

9. brainwaves - gelombang otak brain urge

10. go against - menentang oppose

69
 Article 67: Artificial Intelligence

Artificially intelligent devices perform tasks that would usually require a human brain.
Artificial intelligence, or AI, is all around us. Phone navigation apps and self-driving cars use
AI to plan their routes. Streaming services use AI to suggest films, while online shops use it
to suggest products. Basically, AI is behind any device solving a problem that typically requires
human brainpower.

AI has the power to do a lot of good. Thinking machines could help diagnose diseases
or treat patients. Online AI moderators could screen hateful posts or flag fake news stories.
Artsy AI is giving the world new paintings, songs and other creative works.

Still, in a lot of ways, today’s AI is nowhere near as smart as people. Most AI must study
vast amounts of data to learn anything. These systems often struggle to learn abstract
concepts or explain their decisions. In some cases, using AI may even cause harm.

In short: AI is revolutionizing many aspects of our lives. But like any world-changing
technology, it must be used responsibly.

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/lets-learn-about-artificial-intelligence

WORD LIST

1. artificial - tiruan unnatural

2. navigation - pemanduan arah map-reading

3. streaming - penstriman broadcast

4. diagnose - mengenalpasti analyse

5. moderators - pengendali mediators

6. screen - menapis filter

7. flag - melabel label

8. vast - sangat banyak extensive

9. struggle - begelut battle

10. revolutionizing - mengubah reform

70
 Article 68: Cleaning Up Microplastics Mess

To tackle a big environmental problem, chemists in the Czech Republic have been
thinking small. Really small. Their new miniature robot has one purpose: To help clean up
tiny bits of plastic polluting waterways across the globe.
Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are
magnetic and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits themc, they produce chemical reactions
that propel them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they
glom onto it and start to break it down. When the lights go out, they let go and are free to be
used again. In a new study, the scientists reported that these robots can either break down a
piece of microplastic or hold onto it to be collected later.
The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment,
although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-
treatment plant. One day, microrobots could play a big role in a worldwide clean-up effort.

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/innovation-tiny-swimming-robots-may-help-
clean-up-a-microplastics-mess

WORD LIST

1. tackle - mengatasi deal with

2. chemists - ahli kimia map-reading

3. miniature - kecil tiny

4. waterways - jalan air canal

5. magnetic - menarik/bermagnet pulling

6. propel - menolak push

7. glom - melekat attach

8. go out - padam darken

9. waste-water - sisa air/kumbahan sewerage

10. role - peranan contribution

71
 Article 69: Can Science Fiction Predict the Future of Technology?

The internet is going to offer us freedom of information and expression—or it’s going
to consign us to surveillance and manipulation. Mobile devices might give us the freedom to
travel the world—or they’re going to tie us down with an expectation of constant accessibility
and the curse of digital distraction. If we have trouble predicting the future development and
impact of technology, it’s not due to a failure of imagination. Indeed, our greatest imagination
reveal exactly what makes technology so hard to predict.

We can see this in science fiction, a genre that often features (or even revolves around)
imagined technologies. But science fiction is also concerned with imagining possible futures,
or alternative presents (and pasts). Maybe science fiction writers can’t tell us when our robot
overlords will arrive, or when and how our brains will be able to connect directly into the
internet, or even how we’ll communicate in the years ahead. But it can help us reflect on the
biggest technological challenge of all: how to grapple with the role of technology as it stands
today.
https://daily.jstor.org/can-science-fiction-predict-the-future-of-technology/

WORD LIST

1. consign - menyerahkan surrender

2. surveillance - pengawasan scrutiny

3. accessibility - kebolehcapaian Ease of access

4. distraction - gangguan interruption

5. reveal - mendedahkan expose

6. genre - kategori karya sastera atau category

seni
7. fiction - cerita; rekaan story

8. alternative - pilihan different

9. overlords - tuan masters

10. grapple - menangani deal

72
 Article 70: Tokyo's Olympic Medals

There's no more prestigious athletic award than Olympic gold, and at the Tokyo
Olympics and Paralympics, the top competitors will take home medals that were produced
from recycled small electronic devices like cell phones.
Over a span of two years, the Tokyo 2020 Medal Project collected 78,985 tons of
electronic devices — including 6.21 million cell phones — from across Japan to produce the
5,000 Olympic medals that will be awarded in Tokyo. The gold, silver, and bronze elements
of the devices were obtained through smelting, a process that involves heating and melting
to extract a base metal.
It's the first time in Olympic history that medals were made using recycled metal, and
the first time that ordinary citizens have been involved in their production, according to the
official website of the Tokyo Games. The recycled Olympic medals are part of a larger
sustainability effort, as previous Olympics had been criticised for it. For example, the
Olympic Stadium for the Pyeongchang Olympics in 2018, cost $100 million to make and was
torn down after the games.
https://www.insider.com/tokyo-olympics-medals-recycled-cell-phones-2021-7

WORD LIST

1. prestigious - terhormat respected

2. competitors - pesaing contenders

3. over a span of - dalam tempoh masa in the period of

4. awarded - dianugerahkan granted

5. obtained - diperolehi acquired

6. extract - mengeluarkan sesuatu bahan isolate; extricate

dari sesuatu benda
7. recycled - telah dikitar semula salvaged

8. ordinary - biasa everyday

9. sustainability - kelestarian survivability

10. previous - sebelum ini former

73
 Article 71: Rain Falls on Peak of Greenland Ice Cap for First Time on Record

Rain has fallen on the summit of Greenland’s huge ice cap for the first time on record.
Temperatures are normally well below freezing on the 3,216-metre (10,551ft) peak, and the
precipitation is a stark sign of the climate crisis.

Scientists at the US National Science Foundation’s summit station saw rain falling
throughout 14 August but had no gauges to measure the fall because the precipitation was
so unexpected. The rain fell during an exceptionally hot three days in Greenland when
temperatures were 18⁰C higher than average in places. As a result, melting was seen in most
of Greenland, across an area of about four times the size of the UK.

The recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded it
was “unequivocal” that carbon emissions from human activities were heating the planet and
causing impacts such as melting ice and rising sea level. In May, researchers reported that a
significant part of the Greenland ice sheet was nearing a tipping point, after which
accelerated melting would become inevitable even if global heating was halted.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/20/rain-falls-peak-greenland-ice-cap-first-time-
on-record-climate-crisis

WORD LIST

1. summit - puncak peak

2. precipitation - pemendakan rainfall

3. stark - benar-benar harsh

4. gauges - alat pengukur instruments

5. exceptionally - luar biasa remarkably

6. unequivocal - jelas; tidak boleh disangkal clear

7. emissions - pembebasan releases

8. significant - penting vital

9. tipping point - saat dimana sesuatu keputusan breaking point

penting perlu dibuat
10. halted - telah dihentikan stopped

74
 Article 72: Do genetics control who our friends are?

Have you ever met someone you instantly liked, or at other times, someone who you
knew immediately that you did not want to be friends with, although you did not know why?
Malcolm Gladwell examined this phenomenon in his best-selling book, Blink. He noted that
an "unconscious" part of the brain enables us to process information spontaneously, when,
for example, meeting someone for the first time, or faced with making a decision quickly under
stress.

Now, a new study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM)
suggests that there may be a biological basis behind this instantaneous compatibility
reaction. A team of researchers showed that variations of an enzyme found in a part of the
brain that regulates mood and motivation seems to control which mice want to socially
interact with other mice—with the genetically similar mice preferring each other.

"Imagine the possibilities of truly understanding the factors behind human

compatibility. You could better match patients and doctors to advance the quality of
healthcare, as studies have shown compatibility can improve health outcomes,” said Dr. Kelly.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-09-genetics-friends-mice.html

WORD LIST

1. examined - mengkaji analysed

2. phenomenon - fenomena occurrence; event

3. faced - berhadapan confront

4. basis - asas origin; source

5. instantaneous - serta merta immediate

6. variations - variasi alternative

7. regulates - mengawal controls

8. interact - berhubung communicate

9. compatibility - keserasian affinity; similarity

10. advance - memajukan improve

75
 Article 73: First Left-handed Genetic Markers Found

Scientists have discovered the first genetic markers tied to being left-handed. These
genetic markers may play roles in brain development and communication between different
brain areas.

Scientist have known that genes contribute to being left-handed, but they didn’t know
which genes are involved. In the new study, the researchers analysed the genomes of about
400,000 people in the UK whose health records and genomic data are part of a database
known as the UK Biobank.

The researchers looked for differences in the DNA of left versus right-handers and
they identified four genetic markers tied to being left-handed. Three of these markers were
located in genes that provide instruction for making proteins involved in brain development
and structure.

“We discovered that, in left-handed participants, the language areas of the left and
right sides of the brain communicate with each other in a more coordinated way”. Dr. Akira
Wilberg said. This finding suggests that “left-handers might have an advantage when it comes
to performing verbal tasks”, but much more research would be needed to show this.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YYJ86vhyKG-mZzg9OJPuS7bCUMe45qXc/view?usp=sharing

WORD LIST

1. development - pembangunan growth

2. contribute - menyumbang give

3. analysed - menganalisa examined

4. genomes - genom gene and chromosomes

5. versus - lawan against

6. identified - mengenalpasti recognized

7. participants - peserta candidates

8. coordinated - selaras synchronized

9. advantage - kelebihan benefit

10. performing - mempersembahkan carry out

76
 Article 74: Llamas Could Help Us Beat Flu

The influenza virus infects millions of people every year and can cause as many as
650,000 deaths globally. The virus constantly mutates, changing its structure so it can evade
our bodies’ natural defence as well as the vaccine we use to help boost our natural immunity.
This is what makes it so hard to eradicate the flu and why new vaccines are required each
year.

However, scientists have discovered an unlikely new weapon against the shape-
shifting virus – llama antibodies. Human antibodies only bind to the tips of the virus’ surface
proteins – parts that can be changed easily through mutations. But llama antibodies are much
smaller than ours and can bind to parts of the virus that do not change.

The researchers isolated the most effective antibodies from llama blood and used
them to create a synthetic version that mimicked each of them. The synthesised antibodies
were tested on mice infected with flu. Out of the 60 different strains of virus tested, only one
wasn’t neutralised. If the therapy works it could protect people from both seasonal flu and
potential pandemics in the future.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pZBPVbWt-dXuh7HV2tIBeCrl1B2uZm6h/view?usp=sharing
WORD LIST

1. infects - menjangkiti contaminate

2. evade - mengelak avoid

3. boost - menggalakan improve

4. immunity - kekebalan resistance to

5. eradicate - membanteras remove

6. bind - mengikat tie

7. mutations - mutasi modification

8. isolated - mengasingkan separate

9. mimicked - meniru copy

10. pandemics - pandemik widespread

77
 Article 75: How Fake Meat is Made

Burger King announced in April that it’s rolling out the Impossible Whopper to all of its
7,300 restaurants in the US. This vegan burger isn’t your normal black bean meat substitute.
What makes it seemingly “impossible” is that its looks, feels and tastes like ground-beef – but
is entirely made from plants.

Engineered by Silicon Valley-based Impossible Foods, this fake meat makes clever
use of vegetable fats and proteins so that it even bleeds and sizzles when you cook it, and it’s
becoming big business. As well as Burger King, Impossible Food is partnering with other fast-
food chains. Meanwhile its rival, Beyond-Meat- which also makes fake sausages- is signing
up supermarkets on both sides of the Atlantic.

However, while plant-based burgers become more meat-like, the bleeding-edge of

biotech research is redefining what meat is entirely. In 2013, the Dutch scientist Mark Post
served up a lab-grown hamburger. No animal had to die to make it – instead lab technicians
grew it in a vat from a handful of cells in just three months. The downside was that it cost
about £250,000.

Six years later, so called- ‘cultured meat’ startups have slashed that price by 99 per
cent, and they diversified, growing beef, chicken, turkey and tuna. Milk made without cows
and eggs without hens are also in the works. It’s expected that affordable animal-free meat
will be available soon.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KCDccNiu3cB-V1HkZlEJuxYNjw1AQi2p/view?usp=sharing

WORD LIST

1. substitute - pengganti replacement

2. seemingly - nampaknya supposedly

3. partnering - bekerjasama associating

4. rival - saingan competitor

5. redefining - mentakrif semula reevaluating

6. vat - tong tank

7. downside - keburukan disadvantage

8. slashed - dipotong reduced

9. diversified - pelbagai expanded

10. expected - dijangkakan assumed

78
 Article 76: How a Polaroid Camera Works

Prior to the 1950s, photographers had to wait between 30 minutes and two hours for
their photos to be developed. This was until one man sought to change all that. Edwin Land’s
daughter didn’t understand why she couldn’t see her picture after spending a day at the beach.
This made Land asked himself the same question, sparking the ideas his daughter would
grow up never needing to wait for a photo again.

The first instant camera appeared in 1947. Named after its inventor, it was called the
Land Camera. Consisting of a roll of positive paper and developing chemicals, the camera
worked by bringing the exposed negative and the positive paper together through rollers.

Light energy ionized the film’s silver halide coatings, converting them to a metallic
silver atoms. The number of silver atoms on each part of the film was proportional to the light
exposed on the image. After around 60 seconds, the negative paper was peeled from the
positive images to reveal the finished photograph.

Polaroid’s Land Camera gained instant popularity, selling out on the first day. The
product made $5 million in its first year, and at Polaroid’s peak 1 billion shot were being
snapped a year.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YYJ86vhyKG-mZzg9OJPuS7bCUMe45qXc/view?usp=sharing

WORD LIST
1. prior - sebelum previously

2. sought - mencari pursued

3. sparking - mencetuskan stimulate

4. inventor - pencipta creator

5. exposed - terdedah unprotected

6. coatings - salutan coverings

7. proportional - berkadar corresponding

8. peeled - ditanggal pared

9. gained - mendapat obtain

10 peak - kemuncak top

79
 Article 77: Mpemba effect

A Tanzanian student, Erasto Batholomeo Mpemba once claims that hot water can,
under certain circumstances, freeze more quickly than cold water. He reported seeing the
effect while making ice cream as a 13-year-old in 1963.

People have described quick-freezing of hot water since the early days of science.
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and scientist who lived in the 300s B.C. reported observing
hot water freezing faster than cold water. Fast forward, Erasto Mpemba noticed something
strange too. He claimed that his ice cream turned into a solid faster when it was put into the
freezer steaming hot. The speedier freezing of hot water happened only under
certain conditions and those conditions would involve the bonds that link up neighbouring
water molecules. Scientists soon named the quick-freezing hot-water phenomenon Mpemba
effect.

However, Jonathan Katz a physicist from Washington University argues that the idea
of warm water might freeze faster than cold water “just makes absolutely no sense”. Other
researchers also are debating whether the Mpemba effect exists as scientists have struggled
to produce the effect in a repeatable way.

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/heres-how-hot-water-might-freeze-faster-cold

WORD LIST

1. circumstances - keadaan condition

2. effect - kesan aftermath

3. philosopher - ahli falsafah theorist

4. strange - aneh unusual

5. speedier - lebih laju quicker

6. neighbouring - bersebelahan alongside

7. phenomenon - kejadian occurence

8. physicist - ahli fizik scientist

9. absolutely - sama sekali completely

10. struggled - bertungkus-lumus strived

80
 Article 78: Adapting to Climate Change by Getting Smaller

Tropical birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer
wings as they adapt to climate change. Researchers studied data for 77 tropical bird species
over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass, with some species
losing nearly 2 per cent of their weight per decade. A third of the species studied also
developed longer wings.
The birds lost mass more sharply following extremely dry or wet seasons. This could
be a short-term response to changes in their environment, such as a lack of rainfall causing a
decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on. But wingspan was significantly larger
in one third of the species and the wing-to-mass ratio significantly smaller in two thirds of
them, suggesting that the mechanisms behind the change could be complex and genetic
rather than temporary.
Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The
leading theory is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio allows them to better conserve
heat. The inverse would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why
birds are getting smaller as the climate warms.

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2297382-birds-in-the-amazon-are-adapting-to-climate-
change-by-getting-smaller/#ixzz7CAld2LvS

WORD LIST

1. adapt - menyesuaikan evolve

2. mass - jisim portion

3. sharply - secara mendadak distinctly

4. decline - merosot downward

5. wingspan - lebar sayap breadth

6. ratio - nisbah proportion

7. mechanism - sistem instrument

8. complex - rumit intricate

9. latitudes - garis lintang width

10. inverse - pembalikan opposite

81
 Article 79: Black Holes

Black holes are areas in the universe where gravity pulls in everything, even light.
Nothing can get out and all objects are squeezed into a tiny space. Because there is no light
in black holes, we cannot see them. But scientists can detect the immense gravity
and radiation around them. They are the most mysterious objects in astronomy. Scientists
think that the first black holes were formed when the universe began about 13 billion of years
ago.
Albert Einstein was the first scientist to predict that black holes existed. But it was in
1971 that the first black hole was actually discovered. Black holes can have various sizes,
some may be even as small as an atom. But they all have one thing in common – a very
large mass.
Supermassives are the largest and most dominating black holes in our universe. They
have masses of a million or more suns put together. Every galaxy has a supermassive in its
centre. As they become larger and larger they pull in more material. The black hole at the
centre of our Milky Way is four million times as massive as our sun and surrounded by very
hot gas.
https://www.english-online.at/science/black-holes/black-holes.htm

WORD LIST

1. squeezed - dimampatkan compress

2. tiny - kecil microscopic

3. detect - mengesan identify

4. immense - amat besar enormous

5. mysterious - misteri enigmatic

6. predict - meramalkan forecast

7. various - pelbagai diverse

8. dominating - menonjol noticeable

9. pull in - menyedut draw in

10. massive - besar colossal

82
 Article 80: Plankton Under the Ice of Artic Ocean

For the first time scientists have discovered tiny organisms under the Arctic ice. They
suggest that, as the Arctic ice becomes thinner, the region may produce plankton, plants and
other organisms. The waters of the Arctic may contain more life than they had thought before.

Although the scientists have studied only a small part of the Arctic they think that in
certain areas, where there is enough sunlight and food, organisms find the right place to
develop. This new discovery could also explain why the oceans have swallowed up more
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they could explain.

Under ice phytoplankton cannot be seen by satellites. Up to now scientists have only
been able to do research in the summer months, in which they studied what was happening
in the waters of the Arctic. Because organisms need light to grow, they concentrated their
search in open water areas. Normally there is very little or no life under the thick ice sheets of
the Arctic because only one percent of the sunlight can manage to get through.

https://www.english-online.at/news-articles/science/plankton-under-arctic-ice.htm

WORD LIST

1. discovered - menemui found

2. organisms - organisma living thing

3. suggest - mencadangkan propose

4. contain - mengandungi consist

5. although - walaupun despite

6. certain - pasti definite

7. develop - membiak grow

8. swallowed up - menelan take in

9. concentrated - menumpukan focused on

10. manage - mampu accomplish

83
 Article 81: Northern lights

The northern lights, or the aurora borealis, are the beautiful dancing waves of light that
have captivated people for millennia. But for all its beauty, this spectacular light show is a
rather violent event.

Energized particles from the sun slam into Earth's upper atmosphere at speeds of up
to 45 million mph (72 million km/h), but our planet's magnetic field protects us from the
onslaught. As Earth's magnetic field redirects the particles toward the North Pole, the
dramatic process transforms into a cinematic atmospheric phenomenon that dazzles and
fascinates scientists and sky watchers alike.

Seeing the northern lights with your own eyes is a bucket-list item for astronomy lovers
and travellers alike. Fortunately, they occur frequently. "The northern lights are happening 24
hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year," said photographer Chad Blakely, owner
of northern lights tour company Lights Over Lapland. But that doesn't mean they're easy to
spot; you need to be at the right place at the right time.

https://www.space.com/15139-northern-lights-auroras-earth-facts-sdcmp.html

WORD LIST

1. captivated - memukau attracted

2. millennia - beribu tahun thousand years

3. spectacular - menakjubkan remarkable

4. violent - ganas aggressive

5. slam - menghempas hit

6. onslaught - serangan attack

7. dramatic - dramatik sudden and striking

8. cinematic - sinematik vivid

9. dazzles - mempesonakan dazes

10. fascinates - menarik impresses

84
 Article 82: The Social Life of a Vampire Bat

New research shows that vampire bats have deeper social relationships with one
another than scientists had thought. They exhibit very complex social behaviour such as
grooming each other's hair and sharing their food.

It is suspected that the vampire bats form friendships and meet at feeding time to
hunt. The bats might exchange information about prey position or access to an open wound
for feeding. If a bat comes back hungry from the hunt, other bats in the roost will sometimes
regurgitate the blood they've consumed and share it.

Gerald Carter, a scientist with the Ohio State University and the Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute said there is reason to fear vampire bats because they can spread the
deadly rabies disease to both animals and people.

"But I do think they are beautiful and interesting animals in their own right," Carter
added. They are a bit like grizzly bears, sharks, rats and venomous snakes: animals that
might not help people in any way and even endanger them, but should still be appreciated
and central in our diverse ecosystem.

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/good-friends-fresh-blood-the-social-life-of-a-vampire-
bat/6247436.html

WORD LIST

1. suspected mengesyaki presumed

2. form - membentuk develop

3. exchange bertukar trade

4. prey - mangsa killed by another animal

for food
5. access - jalan masuk entrance

6. rabies - penyakit sistem saraf oleh jangkitan virus fatal viral disease

7. disease - penyakit illness

8. venomous - berbisa poisonous

9. endanger - membahayakan risk

10. appreciated dihargai valued

85
 Article 83: The Dirtiest Places on a Plane

A new study has revealed the dirtiest parts of planes are areas that happen to be
almost completely unavoidable for passengers. Consumer watchdog Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation (CBC) investigated which parts of planes collected the most bacteria and other
pathogens by conducting tests on 18 short-haul flights between Ottawa and Montreal.

To ensure as many different areas of the plane as possible were tested, seats were
also chosen and more than 100 samples were taken from seatbelts, tray tables, headrests,
seatback pockets and bathroom door handles. The findings revealed headrests were the
dirtiest surfaces on a plane, testing positive for Staphylococcus, E. coli and Hemolytic bacteria.
It has been suggested that high levels of bacteria could be due to cabin crew not having
enough time to thoroughly clean the plane between flights.

The study comes after a flight attendant previously revealed that you should never
drink tap water mid-flight. This is because even though the water do get cleaned, the flight
attendants are never informed when or how often.

https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/dirtiest-places-plane-germs-bacteria-flights-study-
canadian-broadcasting-corporation-a8615881.html

WORD LIST

1. dirtiest - kotor stained

2. unavoidable - tidak dapat dielakkan unpreventable

3. investigated - siasat look into

4. pathogens - virus virus

5. conducting - melaksanakan carry out

6. short-haul - jarak dekat short distance

7. revealed - mendedahkan disclose

8. suggested - mencadangkan propose

9. thoroughly - mendalam in depth

10. previously - sebelum before

86
 Article 84: A Short History of The Smartwatch

A smartwatch is a portable device that's designed to be worn on a wrist. Like

smartphones, they use touchscreens, offer apps, and often record your heart rate and other
vital signs. While digital watches have been around for decades—some with abilities like
calculators and unit converters—only in the 2010s did tech companies begin releasing
watches with smartphone-like abilities.
Apple, Samsung, Sony, and other major players offer smartwatches on the
consumer market, but a small start-up actually deserves credit for popularizing the
modern-day smartwatch. When Pebble announced its first smartwatch in 2013, it raised a
record amount of funding on Kickstarter and went on to sell more than one million units.
At the same time, advances in silicon miniaturization opened the door to other kinds
of dedicated-purpose smartwatches. Companies like Garmin, for example, support
smartwatches like the Fenix, which are more rugged and optimized with sensors and
trackers to support back-country expeditions. Likewise, companies like Suunto released
smartwatches optimized for scuba diving that withstand extended time at significant
depths.
https://www.lifewire.com/an-introduction-to-smart-watches-3441381

WORDLIST

1. portable - mudah alih movable

2. often - selalu frequently

3. vital - penting important

4. abilities - kebolehan able to do something

5. releasing - melancarkan let out

6. consumer - pelanggan buyer

7. announced - mengumumkan declare

8. rugged - lasak strong

9. expeditions - ekspedisi journey

10. withstand - tahan strong resistance

87
 Article 85: The Need for An Electric Toothbrush

The electric (powered) toothbrush was commercially introduced around the 1960s.
Initially, it was designed with only back and forth brushing actions. However, as technology
evolved, the electric toothbrush was subsequently incorporated with higher frequency rotary
action brushes together with vibration mode.
Why do we need to use this kind of brush? Many studies have been conducted to
compare the effectiveness between manual versus powered toothbrushes. The results show
that powered toothbrushes are able to reduce plaque accumulation and gingivitis. Therefore,
gingival and oral health may improve in both short and long term.
Who needs to use the electric toothbrush? Generally, it is advisable for everyone to
use this kind of brush. Children know how to brush their teeth, however the technique and
pressure applied is insufficient to effectively remove plaque on the tooth surface. Geriatrics
(aged more than 65 years old) commonly have chronic medical problems which affect their
manual dexterity and oral selfcare. Therefore, geriatric patients or their caretakers just need
to simply manoeuvre the electric toothbrush to all tooth surfaces in order to clean them.
https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/heal/2021/10/738338/need-electric-toothbrush

WORDLIST

1. designed - direka plot

2. evolved - berkembang develop

3. incorporated - digabungkan integrate

4. effectiveness - keberkesanan efficacy

5. accumulation - pengumpulan collection

6. advisable - dinasihatkan recommended

7. insufficient - kekurangan inadequate

8. dexterity - ketangkasan agility

9. caretakers - penjaga guardian

10. manoeuvre - menggerakkan move

88
 Article 86: What are Wormholes?

A wormhole is a theoretical passage through space creating a shortcut through time

and space. It is not known whether or not they exist. They are a staple of science fiction and
have captured the popular imagination.
The existence of wormholes is first proposed by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen in
1935. Einstein and Rosen started with the mathematical solution of a black hole, which
consists of a singularity (a point of infinite density) and an event horizon (a region
surrounding that singularity beyond which nothing can escape). They found that they could
extend this solution to include the polar opposite of black holes: white holes
These hypothetical white holes also contain a singularity, but they operate in reverse
to a black hole: Nothing can enter the event horizon of a white hole, and any material inside
the white hole gets ejected immediately.
Einstein and Rosen found that, theoretically, every black hole is paired with a white
hole. Because the two holes would exist in separate places in space, a tunnel (a wormhole)
would bridge the two ends.

https://www.livescience.com/what-are-wormholes
WORD LIST

1. theoretical - berlandaskan satu teori based on a theory

2. staple - ruji an important part of an

element
3. infinite density - kemampatan tidak terhingga something that is very dense

4. region - kawasan area

5. extend - merangkumi cause to cover a wider area

6. polar opposite - kutub yang bertentangan exact contrast

7. hypothetical - berlandaskan satu hipotesis based on a hypothesis

8. reverse - terbalik opposite

9. ejected - dikeluarkan discharge

10. paired - dipasangkan coupled with something or

someone

89
 Article 87: How did ancient people store food before refrigeration?

Refrigeration is a pretty new phenomenon, so for millennia, people had to find clever
ways to preserve food. These practices slowed the growth of microorganisms that could cause
foodborne illnesses or lead food to rot. Many preservation practices other than refrigeration
— like salting, drying, smoking, pickling and fermenting — have been used for a long time.
It turns out that early hunter-gatherers had some pretty creative ways to extend the "shelf life"
of their food.

During the Ice Age, the Indigenous people of North America used to put the
carcasses of hunted animals into ponds to keep it for later use. The carcasses were purposely
placed in one of the many small, shallow ponds that dot the postglacial landscape of North
America. But the meat's preservation wasn't due to the water, exactly; it was largely the hard
work of the bacteria, Lactobacilli, that live in the water.

In Northern Europe, ancient civilizations would put food, including butter, into the bog
to preserve it. The food is preserved by the bacteria in the bog so that it still remains edible
after a long time.

https://www.livescience.com/ancient-food-storage

WORD LIST

1. phenomenon - fenomena occurance

2. foodborne illnesses - penyakit yang disebarkan menerusi diseases transmitted via

makanan food
3. smoking - menyalai cooking by fire

4. pickling - menjeruk a method of food

preservation
5. shelf life - tempoh luput a time period safe for
usage
6. Indigenous people - Orang Asal native people

7. carcasses - bangkai dead bodies of animals

8. postglacial - tempoh selepas zaman Ais A period after the Ice Age

9. ancient - kuno old

10. bog - swamp paya

90
 Article 88: Let’s Learn about Auroras

Auroras are streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky. They are also known as
northern and southern lights. These natural dazzling lights appear in the Earth’s polar regions
such as Greenland, Norway, New Zealand and Antartica.
The sun continually sheds a stream of charged particles, or plasma. That plasma,
called the solar wind, largely flows around the Earth’s magnetic field. (Picture water flowing
around a rock in a stream). But the magnetic field does capture some particles in the plasma
gale. These particles travel along the magnetic field lines toward Earth’s poles. Here, the
particles collide with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere. The collisions give the
atoms a bit of extra energy. The atoms then release that energy in the form of light particles.
These particles, or photons, form the auroras.
The beauty of auroras is that they’re not just a natural wonder in our world, but beyond
too. They occur on other planets with magnetic fields and atmosphere. Jupiter­­­ and Saturn
are two such planets.
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/lets-learn-about-auroras
WORD LIST

1. streamers - jalur-jalur cahaya columns of light

2. dazzling - mempesonakan shining intensely

3. polar - kutub related to the North or South

Pole
4. continually - berterusan repeated frequently

5. particles - zarah a small portion of matter

6. magnetic field - lapangan magnetik an area with magnetic charge

7. gale - angin yang kuat a very strong wind

8. atoms - jirim the smallest particle of an

element
9. energy - tenaga power

10. natural wonder - keajaiban alam semula jadi something magnificent formed
by nature

91
 Article 89: Microscopes and Lenses

Although cells vary in size, they’re generally quite small. For instance, the diameter of
a typical human red blood cell is about eight micrometers (0.008 millimeters). To give you
some context, the head of a pin is about one millimeter in diameter, so about 125 red blood
cells could be lined up in a row across the head of a pin. A microscope is an instrument that
magnifies objects otherwise too small to be seen, producing an image in which the object
appears larger. Most photographs of cells are taken using a microscope, and these pictures
can also be called micrographs.

From the definition above, it might sound like a microscope is just a kind of magnifying
glass. In fact, magnifying glasses do qualify as microscopes; since they have just one lens,
they are called simple microscopes. The fancier instruments that we typically think of as
microscopes are compound microscopes, meaning that they have multiple lenses. Because
of the way these lenses are arranged, they can bend light to produce a much more magnified
image than that of a magnifying glass.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-of-a-cell/introduction-to-
cells/a/microscopy

WORDLIST

1. vary - berbeza differ

2. typical - kebiasaan common

3. instrument - alat tool

4. magnifies - memperbesarkan enlarge

5. producing - menghasilkan making

6. appears - kelihatan emerges

7. qualify - dikategorikan be eligible

8. fancier - lebih menarik/canggih more sophisticated

9. compound - kompleks complex

10. multiple - banyak numerous

92
 Article 90: The Importance of Computer Education to Students

Education has benefited from the inclusion of technology and computers by making
it easier for students to keep up while helping teachers by improving the way lessons can be
planned and taught. Students who use computers learn to use word processors for work, and
subsequently they learn computer jargon and strengthen grammatical skills. Students can
also look up lessons on websites or through email rather than lugging heavy textbooks with
them every day.

Students who use computers have been shown to attend school more steadily and
perform better than students who do not use computers. Along with getting higher grades on
exams, students also stated they felt more involved with their lessons and work if they used
a computer. Using computers gets students to become more focused on their work at home,
in collaborative projects with other students and on their own.

Teaching students how to use computers helps them prepare for any number of
possible careers, and classes based on computer education can get even more specific.

https://itstillworks.com/importance-computer-education-students-1837.html

WORDLIST

1. benefited - memperoleh faedah received advantages

2. inclusion - kemasukan incorporation

3. subsequently - seterusnya later

4. jargon - istilah slang

5. strengthen - memperkukuh reinforce

6. lugging - membawa carrying

7. steadily - secara berterusan uninterruptedly

8. stated - menyatakan mentioned

9. collaborative - secara bersama combined

10. specific - terperinci precise

93
 Article 91: May - National Mental Health Month
Mental Health Month was established in 1949 to increase awareness on the
importance of mental health and wellness in people’s lives, and to celebrate recovery from
mental illness.

Over the past 20 years, the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration and the public health community have made efforts to increase the importance
of understanding both prevention and treatment of mental health problems. This endeavor has
significantly improved the outlook for those affected by mental illnesses.

Successful efforts that have raised awareness about the importance of mental health
and promoted acceptance, support, prevention and recovery from these mental health
conditions include: The Affordable Care Act for extensive health insurance coverage, The
Community Mental Health Services offering comprehensive community-based mental health
services and Suicide Prevention Program which facilitates early intervention plans among
youth-serving institutions.

Mental Health Month gives us a valuable opportunity to celebrate the tremendous

strides USA has made in promoting mental health and increasing the public's knowledge that
effective services and support are available.

https://youth.gov/feature-article/may-national-mental-health-month

WORD LIST

1. established - ditubuhkan set up

2. wellness - kesihatan health

3. recovery - kesembuhan recuperate

4. outlook - pandangan point of view

5. prevention - pencegahan hindrance

6. coverage - perlindungan protection

7 comprehensive - menyeluruh thorough

8 facilitates - memudahkan to ease

9. intervention - campur tangan involvement

10. tremendous - luar biasa magnificient

94
 Article 92: Why is Self-Care Important?
Sometimes people attempt to meet the needs of family members, employers, children,
friends, or society in general before their own. Trying to please and care for others might
interfere with one's self-care routine and can take a toll on a person's well-being. People who
have dependent personalities or experience depression or anxiety may also fail to meet their
self-care needs.

However, self-care is often considered to be an important aspect of resiliency: those

who are able to adequately meet their needs are often able to better cope with everyday
stressors. People who are able to meet their own physical and emotional needs are typically
better equipped to care for others. Maintaining a self-care routine is key for parents of children
with behavioral challenges or other special needs.
Fatigue, stress, anxiety may have a significant effect on well-being, but attending to
physical and emotional needs may help prevent or reduce the effects of these issues, foster
self-compassion, and leave parents more able to meet the needs of their child. Individuals in
a transition phase or those who are facing changing circumstances may neglect self-care.

Those who engage in behaviors that promote health—exercising, sleeping and eating
well, and keeping in touch with loved ones are less likely to develop anxiety or depression.
These self-care skills may also lead to resiliency that continues to have a positive effect
throughout life.
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/issues/self-care

WORD LIST

1. interfere - menganggu hinder

2. take a toll - memberi kesan negatif cause

3. dependent - bergantung reliant

4. resiliency - ketahanan adaptability

5. stressors - tekanan nuisance

6. equipped - dilengkapi prepared

7. fatigue - keletihan tiredness

8. foster - menggalak encourage

9. circumstances - keadaan situation

10. engage in - melibatkan participate in

95
 Article 93: Meditation – Simple and Quick Way to Reduce Stress
If stress has you anxious, tense and worried, consider meditation. A few minutes in
meditation can restore your calm and inner peace and it’s for everyone. There are many types
of relaxation techniques that have meditation components. The ways to meditate can include
guided meditation, mantra meditation, tai chi and yoga.

Originally meant to help deepen understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of
life, meditation has been practiced for thousands of years. These days, it is commonly used
for relaxation and stress reduction. A type of mind-body complementary medicine, meditation
can produce a deep state of relaxation and a tranquil mind.

Giving you a sense of calm, peace and balance that can benefit both your emotional
well-being and your overall health, these benefits don't end when your meditation session
ends. Meditation can help carry you more calmly through your day and may help you manage
symptoms of certain medical conditions. Meditation might also be useful if you have a medical
condition, especially one that may be worsened by stress such as anxiety, asthma, high blood
pressure, sleep problems and heart disease. However, meditation isn't a replacement for
medical treatment but it may be a useful addition to your other treatments.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/meditation/in-depth/meditation/art-20045858

WORD LIST

1. restore - memulihkan mend

2. components - bahagian elements

3. meditate - bertafakur contemplate

4. sacred - suci hallowed

5. mystical - mistik supernatural

6. complementary - saling melengkapi interrelated

7 tranquil - tenang calm

8 symptoms - gejala signs

9. worsened - bertambah buruk deteriorate

10. replacement - penggantian substitute

96
 Article 94: The Importance of Recycling

Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise
be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products. It is good for the environment
since we are making new products from the old ones which are of no use to us. When you
think of recycling, you should really think about the whole idea; reduce, reuse and recycle.

. We’ve been careless up to this point with the way we’ve treated the Earth, and it’s
time to change, not just the way we do things but the way we think. Energy saving is important
if we are to reduce the future effects of global warming. Saving resources and sending less
trash to the landfills helps in reducing air and water pollution.

The ever-growing population needs space to live and also to grow what they eat by
means of agriculture. If all this space were to be taken up by dumpsters and landfills, the
survival of humankind on this planet would be really difficult. With recycling, a lesser amount
of wastes is dumped and some valuable space is saved. Be mindful of what you do, pay
attention to the items you buy and always check yourself to see if you really need it or if it
comes in a package with less waste. We can all do our part, and we will make a huge
difference.

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/importance_of_recycling.php

WORD LIST

1. materials - bahan substances

2. whole - sepenuhnya entire

3. resources - sumber supplies

4. landfills - tapak pelupusan waste-disposal

5. pollution - pencemaran contamination

6. ever-growing - semakin berkembang expanding

7 agriculture - pertanian farming

8 survival - kelangsungan hidup endurance

9. humankind - manusia mankind

10. mindful of - beringat aware of

97
 Article 95: Environmentalism

Environmentalism is a movement and ideology aims to reduce the impact of human

activities on the earth and its various inhabitants. The movement has evolved to build
resilience towards the effects of global climate change. The objective is to build a society
capable of adapting to a rapidly changing earth and finding sustainable ways to live in it.

Environmentalism seeks to preserve, conserve and protect entire ecosystems

comprising animals, plants, and humans found in different habitats throughout our planet.
Along with preserving natural elements, this movement primarily seeks to protect the Earth's
resources that humanity requires for survival and development. The most pressing issue of
our global society today is climate change. This includes the issues of air and water pollution,
water scarcity, food insecurity, deforestation, rising sea levels, loss of species and habitat
biodiversity, and loss of indigenous environmental knowledge and traditions.
Civic environmentalism is a regional, local, or individual response to environmental
issues. It is a type of social action where citizens cooperate and work together to solve
environmental problems as a means to improve the communities they live and work in. The
ultimate goal is to ensure a sustainable community or movement through collective
participation – a lifestyle decisions intended to preserve the ability of future generations to
achieve the same quality of life.

https://www.learningtogive.org/resources/environmentalism

WORD LIST

1. ideology - kepercayaan belief

2. evolved - berkembang developed

3. sustainable - mampan lasting

4. preserve - memelihara guard

5. primarily - terutamanya mostly

6. scarcity - kekurangan shortage

7 insecurity - ketidakpastian uncertainty

8 indigenous - orang asli native

9. means - cara method

10. ultimate - tertinggi the best

98
 Article 96: Australian Wildfires

Nearly 3 billion animals were affected by Australia's worst wildfire season that burned
from July 2019 through March 2020. A figure almost three times higher than the original
estimates. The report released and commissioned by the World Wide Fund for Nature
Australia said more than 46 million acres were scorched.
Ten researchers from Australian universities and wildlife groups have been looking at
both the impact of the fires and the possible ways to protect ecosystems in the future. The
affected wildlife includes 143 million mammals, 2.46 billion reptiles, 180 million birds and 51
million frogs.
In addition to the immediate threat of fires, other factors influencing the mortality of
wildlife include smoke inhalation, heat stress and dehydration, and increased competition for
resources in their new habitats. It remains unclear what the impacts are on species outside
the fire zone. Rainfall that washed away sediment and ash into waterways could have
implications for wildlife downstream and still needs to be studied.
The magnitude of the devastation can't be compared to any other environmental event
because this is the first effect on wildlife to be measured. Protection of unburnt habitat and
establishing rapid response teams to rescue threatened species and habitats when fires
happen in the future should be made a priority.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/australian-wildfires-declared-among-worst- wildlife-disasters-
modern-history-n1235071

WORD LIST

1. figure - angka number

2. estimates - menganggarkan approximates

3. commissioned - ditauliahkan licensed

4. scorched - hangus burned

5. ecosystems - ekosistem habitat

6. immediate - serta merta instant

7 mortality - kematian death

8 inhalation - penyedutan inspiration

9. sediment - mendapan residue

10. magnitude - saiz yang besar immensity

99
 Article 97: Climate Change
Climate change is happening and it is caused by our actions. The weather patterns,
climates and natural environments are changing quicker than wildlife or people can adapt. So
many of the world's biggest challenges, from poverty to wildlife extinction, are made more
difficult by climate change.

As environmental problems go, few are as big and complex as climate change. It is
one of the biggest threats faced by our natural world and also a tough social and economic
issue. We have the knowledge and the technology to reduce our impact on the climate, and
ease the pressures on the world's most vulnerable places, people and wildlife. We just need
to make it happen.

Temperatures have been rising for over a century, speeding up in the last few years,
and are now the highest on record. This causes negative impacts such as the melting of Arctic
sea-ice, prolonged heat-waves and rising sea-levels. The carbon emissions from burning
fossil fuels for energy, farming, and destroying forests are causing the greenhouse effect,
trapping heat and making the Earth warmer.

We need to cut man-made greenhouse gas emissions drastically, phase out fossil
fuels and move to renewable energy. Eating less meat, using less energy and be more efficient
in the energy that we do use is preferable while tackling deforestation globally will help save
this planet.
https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/climate-change-and-energy

WORD LIST

1. adapt - menyesuaikan adjust

2. poverty - kemiskinan deprivation

3. extinction - kepupusan disappearance

4. complex - sukar complicated

5. threats - ancaman danger

6. vulnerable - terancam unsafe

7 prolonged - berpanjangan extended

8 emissions - pelepasan release

9. man-made - buatan manusia artificial

10. drastically - mendadak radically

100
 Article 98: Elevated bridge alternative

George Town: The Penang government’s controversial undersea tunnel project looks
likely to be scrapped for an elevated bridge that would be much less costly in terms of both
money and environmental impact. The local community complains about the impact on the
livelihood of fishermen and possible erosion of the coastline. The bridge alternative would
cost about RM3bil, half the cost of the RM6.3bil undersea tunnel.

“An undersea tunnel would have to be buried deep beneath the sea. If not, it would
hinder the passage of vessels entering the port,” said a source familiar with the project.
Currently, the navigational channel depth at the Penang Port is about 11 m, and it has to be
deepened to 15 m before big vessels can enter.

The Penang undersea tunnel is one of the four infrastructure projects under Penang
Transport Master Plan to ease chronic traffic congestion. It is said that both a bridge and an
undersea tunnel serve the same purpose so why not opt for a cheaper and environmentally
friendly alternative, especially in times when building material prices have skyrocketed.

The Star, 25th September 2021

WORD LIST

1. controversial - pertikaian disagreement

2. scrapped - digantikan discarded

3. impact - kesan consequences

4. livelihood - punca pendapatan sustenance

5. erosion - hakisan destruction

6. coastline - pesisiran pantai seacoast

7. hinder - menganggu obstruct

8. chronic - kronik/serius incorrigible

9. alternative - pilihan substitute

10. skyrocketed - meningkat naik escalated

101
 Article 99: Les Miserables

Victor Hugo wrote Les Miserables in 1862. An epic novel of social injustice, it features Jean
Valjean, a Parisian peasant who is unjustly imprisoned, and the man who haunts him after
his release, police inspector Jalvert. This classic story is celebrated for its portrayal of the civil
and political unrest of France in the post-Napoleonic era.
“Now,” said the Bishop, “go in peace. By the way, when you return, my friend, it is not
necessary to pass through the garden. You can always enter and depart through the street
door. It is never fastened with anything but a latch, either by day or by night.”
Then, turning to the gendarmes: “You may retire, gentlemen.” The gendarmes retired.
Jean Valjean was like a man on the point of fainting. The Bishop drew near to him, and said
in a low voice: “Do not forget, never forget, that you have promised to use this money in
becoming an honest man.”
Jean Valjean, who had no recollection of ever having promised anything, remained
speechless. The Bishop had emphasised the words when he uttered them. He resumed with
solemnity: “Jean Valjean, my brother, you no longer belong to evil, but to good. It is your soul
that I buy from you; I withdraw it from black thoughts and the spirit of perdition, and I give it
to God.”
https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2006/04000/les_miserables___excerpt_.11.
aspx

WORD LIST

1. injustice - ketidakadilan unfairness

2. imprisoned - dipenjarakan jailed

3. political unrest - pergolakkan politik political distress

4. depart - meninggalkan to leave

5. fastened - berkunci locked

6. no recollection - tidak ingat lost in memory

7 speechless - terdiam dumbstruck

8 uttered - berkata said

9. solemnity - kesungguhan seriousness

10. perdition - kebinasaan punishment

102
 Article 100: Film Fest Seeks To Dodge Virus And Controversy

Rome: What if you threw a film festival and nobody came? The world’s oldest film festival is
forced to walk a tight-rope between preserving its lustre as the premier launch pad for
Academy Award-winning films, while safely navigating the coronavirus crisis and averting
the controversy over gender inequality that has dodged it in the past.
The prestigious event now in its 77th year will be the first international film festival
since the Covid-19 pandemic shuttered competitions around the world. It has put in place a
host of safety measures – from limited seating to thermal scanners, to a fan-free red carpet
– to protect attendees as Covid-19 cases continue to climb in Italy and around the world.
Despite its scaled – down with theatre capacity reduced by about half, La Biennale in
Venezia takes on greater importance this year due to the cancellation of rival film festivals
across the globe, among them the glitzy Cannes Film Festival on the Cote d’Azur in France.

The Star, 31st August 2020

WORD LIST

1. dodge - mengelak elude

2. preserving - memelihara safeguarding

3. lustre - kilauan grandeur

4. navigating - mengemudi controlling

5. averting - mengelak resisting

6. prestigious - berprestij distinguished

7 shuttered - menghentikan Blocked off

8 attendees - hadirin audience

9. despite - walaupun though

10. due to - disebabkan oleh as a result of

103
 Article 101: Plane ‘Masks Up’ To Promote Proper Health Measures

Singapore: The blue mask is a common sight these days, but it was recently spotted on a
Cargolux Airlines Boeing 747-8 at Changi Airport. Flight CLX 7952 landed in Singapore
‘masked up’ on Thursday morning, four months after mask-wearing was made compulsory
for those here on April 14 to combat the spread of Covid-19.
The special livery covers the nose of the plane with straps highlighting the message
appropriate to current times: ‘Not without my mask’. It made a stopover in Singapore at 4.20
a.m on Aug 27 before heading to Luxembourg via Baku, Azerbaijan.
Luxembourg’s prime minister Xavier Bettel and deputy prime minister Francois Bausch
were both on site to greet the plane as well as its crew when it landed at Luxembourg Airport
on Thursday afternoon.
In a statement, Cargolux said the plane’s livery was meant to show that the airline
embraces the Luxembourg government’s campaign to promote the use of face masks in the
current environment.

The Star, 31st August 2020

WORD LIST

1. common - perkara biasa familiar

2. compulsory - wajib obligatory

3. combat - melawan fight

4. livery - rekabentuk covering

5. highlighting - menonjolkan focal point

6. stopover - persinggahan pit stop

7 via - melalui through

8 greet - sambut pay respect

9. embraces - menyahut honor

10. current - semasa present

104
 Article 102: 200 Join Lagundi Plant Medical Trials

Despite the skepticism of Western oriented physicians, Filipinos have been using
different parts of the Vitex Negundo plant, known as Lagundi in Tagalog and Dangla in Ilocano,
to treat various ailments long before Jesuit missionaries wrote about it in 17th century
chronicles.

With the epidemic, the researchers in Department of Science and Technology saw the
plant’s potential to treat Covid-19. Preparations for clinical trials on Lagundi’s efficacy in
treating symptoms that accompany the respiratory ailment that has hit more than 200,000
Filipinos are in progress. Secretary of the department said the trials would involve about 200
volunteers in the quarantine centres in Manila.

The goal is to address symptoms, such as cough, fever and sore throat, because it is
important if mild cases could get relief from symptoms. Lagundi was one of 10 plants
approved for therapeutic uses and soon used commercially under a cough syrup patent
owned by the government. Expanded into tablets the syrup is now marketed under different
brand names.

The Star, 31st August 2020

WORD LIST

1. skepticism - kesangsian apprehension

2. aliments - penyakit illness

3. missionaries - mubaligh evangelist

4. potential potensi capability

5. efficacy - keberkesanan effectiveness

6. respiratory - pernafasan breathing

7 address - merawat cure

8 relief - kelegaan comfort

9. therapeutic - terapeutik curative

10. patent - paten exclusively

105
 Article 103: Feathery Friends Bring Fortune

Hou Tiguo has a very special talent – he can tell what kind of birds are around simply
by their chirps. His skills do not stop there, as he has honed his ‘bird guide’ abilities from
working in a nature reserve in southwest China’s Yunnan Province for more than 30 years.

Hou lives in Baihualing Village of Baoshan City, a paradise of wild birds and the place
is one of the most popular spots for bird-watching.

Since an increasing number of birdwatchers and shutterbugs have been attracted to

the bird-watching destination in recent years, more villagers have engaged in work to
accommodate bird-loving tourists.

In Baihuang, there are more than 60 bird guides like Hou. The booming birdwatching
industry in Baihuang not only help villagers shake off poverty but also strengthens the
awareness of environmental protection. Since realising the small birds are cash cows,
villagers have given up hunting birds and now conduct regular patrols in the forest, stopping
bird-hunting and deforestation instead.

The Star 25th September 2021

WORD LIST

1. fortune - rezeki prosperity

2. honed - mengasah sharpened

3. bird-watching - aktiviti memerhati burung a type of hobby

4. shutterbugs - jurugambar photographers

5. engaged - terlibat committed

6. accommodate - menampung entertain

7 booming - berkembang pesat growing

8 shake off - membasmi get away from

9. cash cows - sumber pendapatan money maker

10. patrols - rondaan safeguarding

106
 Article 104: Yoga

Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise which aims at developing strength and
flexibility. To practise yoga, you learn a series of ‘postures’, where you put your body into
different positions. The correct breathing is important but yoga is not only about exercise but
to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and nature.
Yoga is good for the mind and body. Regular practice of yoga helps people to improve
their balance, stamina and also help with back pain. You won’t really get out of breath, like
you might be playing football or running but it does help with weight loss and keep your heart
healthy.
The breathing taught in yoga can help people to reduce stress and anxiety. There are
lots of different possible breathing patterns you can do. Yoga also improves concentration
and helps people to sleep better, so it’s great for anyone who’s under pressure at work or in
their studies.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/magazine-zone/yoga

WORD LIST

1. developing - membangunkan grow

2. positions - kedudukan pose

3. breathing - pernafasan inhalation

4. oneness - menyeluruh harmony

5. balance - kestabilan stability

6. weight loss - kehilangan berat slim down

7 reduce - mengurangkan lower

8 anxiety - kebimbangan nervousness

9. patterns - corak arrangement

10. pressure - tekanan stress

107
 Article 105: Fridays For Future

Fridays For Future is a youth-led, organised global climate strike movement started
in August 2018, when 15-year-old Greta Thunberg began a school strike for climate. In the
three weeks leading up to the Swedish election, she sat outside the Swedish Parliament every
school day, demanding urgent action on the climate crisis. She was tired of society’s
unwillingness to see the climate crisis for what it is: a crisis.

At first she was alone, but she was soon joined by others. On the 8th of September,
Greta and her fellow school strikers decided to continue their strike until the Swedish policies
provided a safe pathway well under 2° C, i.e. in line with the Paris agreement. They created
the hashtag #FridaysForFuture, and encouraged other young people all over the world to join
them. This marked the beginning of the global school strike for climate.

Their call for action sparked an international awakening, with students and activists
uniting around the globe to protest outside their local parliaments and city halls. Along with
other groups across the world, Fridays for Future is part of a hopeful new wave of change,
inspiring millions of people to take action on the climate crisis.

https://fridaysforfuture.org/what-we-do/who-we-are/

WORD LIST

1. led - diketuai head

2. strike - mogok protest

3. movement - pergerakan action

4. demanding - menuntut command

5. urgent - segera immediate

6. unwillingness - keengganan displeasure

7 marked - menandakan signal

8 sparked - mencetuskan trigger

9. awakening - kebangkitan stirring up

10. wave - gelombang surge

108
 Article 106: Living by The Sea Makes Us Happier

New research suggests that people who live close to the ocean or sea are happier.
Researchers from the University of Exeter in the UK say people who live in coastal areas
have better mental health than people who live inland. The data was from surveys of 25,963
people asking questions about their happiness, lifestyle and income. They found that those
who live within one kilometer of the coast are 22 per cent less likely to show any signs whereas
those who lived more than 50 kilometers from the coast had more symptoms of mental health
problems.

Lead researcher of the study, Dr. Jo Garrett, said: "For the first time, people living close
to the coast experience fewer symptoms of mental health disorders." She said the area along
coasts seemed to protect people from experiencing mental health problems, improve people's
health and wellbeing. Another researcher, Dr Mathew White, said: "We need to help policy
makers understand how to maximize the well-being benefits of 'blue' spaces in towns and
cities. We need to ensure that access is fair and inclusive for everyone, while not damaging
our fragile coastal environments."

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1910/191004-living-by-the-sea.html

WORD LIST

1. suggests - mencadangkan recommends

2. coastal - persisiran seaside

3. inland - pedalaman upcountry

4. income - pendapatan earnings

5. sight - pemandangan view

6. disorder - gangguan disturbance

7 well-being - kesejahteraan health

8 ensure - memastikan make sure

9. access - memperoleh entry

10. fragile - rapuh delicate

109
 Article 107: Jakarta - A Sinking City

One of the most densely populated cities in the world is in danger of sinking. According
to a report by environmentalist groups Jakarta could be completely submerged by 2050.
Sinking at an average of 10cm a year, half of Jakarta is already below sea level. Even more
alarming, the luxurious northern part of the capital, with its modern buildings and high-rises,
has sunk by 2.5 meters in the past decade. This is partly due to the 13 rivers that flow through
the Indonesian capital. Torrential rainfall in the monsoon season also causes flooding on a
regular basis.
In addition to natural causes, part of the problem is man-made. The city does not have
enough piped water for its growing population. Authorities can only supply about 40% of the
clean water that the city needs. Many people draw water out of the ground for drinking and
other purposes. As a result, the land above the ground water sinks.
There are not enough sewers and lack of pipes for the city's water supplies due to
imbalance between infrastructure and the growing population. Indonesian authorities are now
considering evacuating and relocating millions of people if the city continues to sink.

https://www.english-online.at/news-articles/world/asia/jakarta-a-sinking-city.htm

WORD LIST

1. densely - kepadatan crammed

2. submerged - tenggelam drown

3. alarming - membimbingkan frightening

4. torrential - lebat rapid

5. man-made - buatan manusia manufactured

6. draw out - mengeluarkan extract

7 sinks - tengelam to go under

8 sewers - kumbahan sewage system

9. evacuating - mengosongkan move out

10. relocating - memindahkan to move

110
 Article 108: Reducing Food Waste Helps Fight Climate Change

Reducing wasted food would probably help lower dangerous emissions into the
atmosphere and slow down climate change. Over 15% emissions from farming and agriculture
could be avoided if we managed our food supplies better. About 3.3 billion tons of carbon
dioxide comes from food waste.
A third of the food produced worldwide is never eaten. It gets spoilt during day-long
transport or in shops. Huge amounts of food are also thrown away by consumers, who often
buy too many things which they do not eat. While the demand for food per person stay the
same in the last decades, more and more food is available.
Richer countries waste more food than poorer ones. According to farming experts, more food
is wasted in growing Asian economies, like India and China. As people become richer, they
also adopt western eating habits.
Heads of governments and agriculture ministers around the world have recently met
to discuss ways in which food waste can be reduced. Currently, we are producing 20% more
food than we actually need. With such surplus we could feed another 1.5 billion people. On
the other hand, over 800 million people suffer from undernourishment.
Another suggestion is to cut back on eating meat. More meat is eaten in richer countries, thus
producing more greenhouse gases because producing meat is more energy intensive.
https://www.english-online.at/news-articles/environment/reducing-food-waste-fights-climate-change.htm

WORD LIST

1. emissions - pelepasan radiation

2. avoided - dielakkan evaded

3. managed - menguruskan handled

4. waste - sisa leftovers

5. spoilt - rosak rotten

6. demand - permintaan request

7 adopt - mengamalkan take up

8 surplus - lebihan excess

9. undernourishment - kekurangan zat malnourishment

10. cut back - mengurangkan decrease

111
 Article 109: First Aid

First aid is the help that you give someone quickly after they have hurt themselves or
have had an accident. It can stop a person from becoming more ill. In some cases, it can even
save a person’s life.

Only someone who knows first aid well should try to treat an injured or sick person.
Usually, you give first aid until a doctor or an ambulance arrives. Never try to give someone
first aid unless you know what to do. The wrong actions can do more harm than good.

When you call for help you should be able to give correct information. An ambulance
needs to know where the injured person is located and what exactly has happened. In some
cases, you will be given instructions on what to do until a doctor or ambulance arrives.

It is a good idea to have a kit with first aid supplies at home or in your car when you
travel. It should include bandages, tissue, something to write on, a flashlight, scissors, safety
pins, a spray or a lotion that kills germs. Always have a blanket ready to cover a person.

https://www.english-online.at/health_medicine/first-aid/first-aid-treatment.htm

WORD LIST

1. ill - sakit sick

2. save - menyelamatkan rescue

3. treat - merawat handle

4. aid - pertolongan help

5. actions - tindakan behavior

6. injured - cedera wounded

7 exactly - tepat correctly

8 kit - peralatan equipments

9. supplies - bekalan necessities

10. cover - melindungi protect

112
 Article 110: Yuck! Clean Your Touch Screen!

Your mobile device is dirtier than you think. Take a look at your mobile. Do you see
oily fingerprints and lint? Dust and crumbs? Is that a hair stuck at the screen edge?

We take our electronics into public restrooms, hand them to runny-nosed toddlers, pass
them around to share photos, and press them against sweaty skins in gyms. Repeated studies
show that what accumulates in germy nastiness worse than what is in the bottom of your
shoe. Like your toothbrush, “your mobile device is something you want to clean regularly.”
Says Dr. Dubert Guerrero, an infectious disease specialist. And probably, not something you
want to pass around the dinner table.

Cleaning your device can be tricky because you don’t want to damage it and
manufacturers don’t give you much guidance. It can be done, however; if you are
conscientious. Health experts advise wiping it down it with a moist microfibre cloth at least
daily, which is sufficient to eliminate fingerprints and dust. Bacteria which can cause
diarrhea and inflammation of the colon and flu viruses may require a sterilising agent such
as bleach or alcohol.

WORD LIST

1. lint - serabut dirt

2. restrooms - tandas toilet

3. toddlers - kanak-kanak kid

4. accumulates - terkumpul incorporates

5. infectious - berjangkit contagious

6. guidance - bimbingan advice

7 conscientious - teliti meticulous

8 sufficient - mencukupi ample

9. eliminate - menghapuskan wipe out

10. sterilising agent - agen pensterilan disinfectant

113
 Article 111: Pet Allergens

Millions of people live with pets despite being allergic to them. Any furry animal, most
commonly cats and dogs, may trigger allergy symptoms like sneezing or red, itchy eyes. Pet
allergies can also make asthma harder to control. You may think animal allergies are caused
by fur, but that fuzz and fluff is merely a carrier for allergens. Pet dander, the source of
allergens, is composed of tiny, even microscopic, proteins from flecks of skin shed by pets.

• Cat allergens are found in cat saliva, which sticks to fur when cats lick themselves.
They are also released by glands in the skin and shed as dander or secreted in the
urine of male cats. The allergens are buoyant, which means they easily remain
airborne.
• Dog allergens are also present in dander, as well as saliva, urine, and blood. Although
allergen levels can differ among breeds, all breeds, even hairless dogs, can trigger
allergies.
Pet allergens are easily spread. They can circulate in air and remain on carpets and
furniture for months. These small particles may also be carried on clothing into areas where
there are no pets. If you suspect you or a loved one is allergic to a pet, you can get tested
and try to reduce the exposure to pet-related allergens.

WORD LIST

1. furry - berbulu fuzzy

2. trigger - pencetus activate
3. symptoms - gejala indication
4. fuzz and fluff - lembut dan gebu frizzy mass of hair
5. dander - keradangan flecks of skin
6. buoyant - terapung floatable
7 circulate - berlegar spread
8 allergic - alahan hypersensitive
9. exposure - dedahan susceptibility
10. pet-related - berkaitan haiwan peliharaan issues regarding pet

114
 Article 112: Water, The Never-ending Story

Did you know that dinosaurs might have drunk the same water we drink today?
Living on the earth is like living in a terrarium. All the water on the earth has always
been here. The water that we have never goes away and new water is never created.
You might say the water we use is recycled! Water changes form as it moves through the
water cycle. Scientists have learned that the water cycle (They call it the Hydrological Cycle)
helps to purify the water.
When the soil and air are polluted it is harder for the water to get clean. Sometimes
water takes on a liquid form. That's called precipitation. Rainwater falls to the earth
and flows down to the rivers and streams. Sometimes when the air is very cold the
rainwater becomes solid and turns into ice and snow. Water accumulates in lakes and
oceans and even in underground aquifers. As the sun shines on the water and warms
it, a tiny invisible gas is formed. This part of the cycle is called evaporation. As the
water molecules rise, they form around small particles of dust and dirt creating clouds.
As the clouds rise more and more, water is collected. When the water molecules get
too heavy, they rain back down to earth, starting the cycle all over again.

https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/activities/stories/water-the-never-ending-story/index.htm

WORD LIST

1. never-ending - tidak berakhir endless

2. terrarium - bekas tertutup glasshouse

3. purify - menyucikan cleanse

4. precipitation - hujan drizzle

5. streams - saliran water course

6. accumulates - terkumpul collected

7 aquifers - lapisan batu batan yang source

berair

8 invisible - tidak kelihatan unnoticeable

9. evaporation - penyejatan dispersal

10. particles - zarah bits

115
 Article 113: Environment and Human Health

Human health is defined as the state of well-being with regards to the mental, physical
and social aspects of the human condition. A person cannot be called healthy merely because
of the absence of disease; he or she needs to be doing well in all ways to actually qualify as
healthy. Factors determining our health are biological, nutritional, psychological and chemical
and can be influenced by internal and external conditions. Externally, the biggest factor that
influences our health is our environment.
Our environment isn’t merely the air we breathe, although that is a major component;
it ranges from the water we drink to the soil we grow our food in to the sounds and noises in
our surroundings. Each part affects us and thereby our health. With emissions from vehicles,
factories and fires, our air supply is full of toxic chemicals that present the risk of lung cancer,
heart disease and asthma. The food we eat is covered in pesticides that make soil less fertile
and can be carcinogenic for us. The human body needs water to survive but our water sources
are full of human and industrial wastes that create serious health issues.
We need to remember that we have to live in synergy with our environment. What we
put out in it will come back to us. Unless we do something now, the earth will very soon no
longer be a habitable planet.

WORD LIST

1. with regards to - berkenaan dengan with reference to

2. merely - semata-mata solely

3. determining - menentukan defining

4. influenced by - dipengaruhi oleh shaped by

5. ranges - julat covers

6. affects - mempengaruhi influences

7. toxic - beracun deadly

8. pesticides - racun perosak insecticide

9. synergy - bergabung harmony

10. habitable - boleh didiami livable

116
 Article 114: How Environment Affects Human Health

Since we are completely dependent on the environment to survive, it is safe to say

that any changes to the environment will impact human well-being. However, the actual
relationship between these two is more complex than we believed and isn’t always easy to
assess. The most obvious impacts that we have seen are from deteriorating water quality,
air pollution and unsanitary conditions. Radiation poisoning too has deadly consequences for
human health.
The response to these issues has been an overall attempt to clean up our ecosystem.
While that has worked for some countries, mostly in the developed world, it hasn’t been
applied thoroughly in the developing countries of the world. Bilateral and multilateral
agreements between countries have managed to address some of the more immediate
concerns such as the emission of CFCs into the atmosphere and the damage done to the
ozone layer by them.
It is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a proper supply of food so that the world
doesn’t starve. The corporate world is trying to lessen its carbon footprint and turning to
‘green’ solutions.

WORD LIST

1. dependent - bergantung relying on

2. complex - rumit complicated

3. obvious - jelas evident

4. deteriorating - merosot defective

5. unsanitary - tidak bersih contaminated

6. thoroughly - secara menyeluruh comprehensively

7. bilateral - dua hala mutual

8. multilateral - pelbagai hala multiculturally

9. carbon footprint - gas kesan rumah hijau green house gases

10. spiraling - berpilin furling

117
 Article 115: From trials to triumph

A new COVID-19 pill cuts the risk of hospitalization or death by 89% when taken
within three days of symptom onset, Pfizer recently announced. The antiviral pill, PAXLOVID,
was given in a placebo-controlled clinical trial to people with COVID-19 who were at high risk
of developing severe disease. The pill works by inhibiting an enzyme called a protease, which
the virus SARS-CoV-2 needs to keep replicating.
The drug was so clearly effective that an independent data monitoring committee
recommended the trial be stopped so that people in the placebo-arm of the trial could receive
the drug. Pfizer plans to submit the data to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for
emergency use authorization as soon as possible.
More than 1,200 adults in the U.S. and abroad who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2
and had mild to moderate symptoms were enrolled in the clinical trial. Participants had at
least one underlying condition or characteristic that made them at high risk of developing
severe disease. None of the participants were vaccinated.
PAXLOVID is a modified version of a decades-old drug that was first developed as an
intravenous therapeutic during the SARS epidemic, but that now specifically targets SARS-
CoV-2 and can be taken as a pill.
Livescience.com
WORD LIST

1. hospitalization - dimasukkan ke hospital treated

2. onset - permulaan attempt

3. placebo - tidak merbahaya inactive medicine

4. severe - teruk serious

5. replicating - meniru duplicating

6. trial - percubaan test

7. authorization - kebenaran approval

8. enrolled - didaftarkan registered

9. modified - diubahsuai adjusted

10. intravenous - secara intravena injecting

118
 Article 116: Improve Your Flow with Top-Rated Yoga Mats

The best yoga mats can accommodate anything from a good stretch to a full–body
workout that leaves you feeling relaxed from head to toe. In fact, yoga is well known for being
beneficial for both physical and mental health, capable of improving posture, alignment and
even concentration.

“Having your own mat will help you build a deeper connection with your practice. Your
brain will get used to seeing it and remember what is about to occur. You can take it with you
to different classes and having your own mat is the first step to creating a home practice.”
explained Ro Grogan, yoga teacher.

Consumers should look out for a few key features when buying their yoga mat,
including thickness, material and durability. "Anything too thick and you won't be able to
balance. Anything too slippery and you'll struggle to grip. When it comes to durability, you
want something that's going to last as long as you do." The benefits of having a high quality
yoga mat include giving us time to really focus on your practice, rather than worrying about
slipping.

Livescience.com

WORD LIST

1. posture - tubuh badan poise

2. alignment - penjajaran adjustment

3. concentration - penumpuan absorption

4. mat - tikar place setting

5. occur - berlaku appear

6. consumers - pengguna buyer

7. features - ciri-ciri appearance

8. durability - ketahanan endurance

9. struggle - berusaha attempt

10. grip - cengkaman grasp

119
 Article 117: Why does cold fresh air help nausea go away?

Imagine you're driving down the highway, enjoying the start of a long road trip, when
all of a sudden one of the children in your back seat moans, "I don't feel so good." Your
immediate response, besides scrambling for a barf bag, would probably be to crack the
windows to let in fresh air. So why does cold air help get rid of nausea?
When trying to understand why fresh, circulating, or cold air seems to help alleviate
symptoms of nausea, it's ideal to look at research related to motion sickness. People
experiencing motion sickness often "seek colder temperatures or environments with improved
air circulation, or choose options that cool our bodies down, when in fact the actual
mechanism behind [nausea] involves a drop in our core body temperature.
One theory suggests that the nausea and temperature change may be a natural way
the body defends itself in response to toxins. Nausea often leads to vomiting, which can clear
toxins from a person's system. So-called "defensive hypothermia" may also protect against
toxins by conserving the person's energy so they can focus on fighting the invader.

Livescience.com

WORD LIST

1. moans - mengerang groans

2. scrambling - berebut-rebut rush

3. nausea - loya queasiness

4. alleviate - meringankan lighten

5. ideal - unggul optimal

6. seek - mencari explore

7. mechanism - mekanisme tool

8. defensive - pertahanan protective

9. conserving - memulihara upkeep

10. invader - penceroboh intruder

120
 Article 118: Your pupils can count … sort of

Your pupils might be able to count … sort of. New research suggests a person's pupil
size can change based on the number of objects an individual observes in their visual field.
Pupils are holes located in the center of the eye, which change size to regulate the
amount of light that enters the eye based on how much is available in the environment. The
response of our pupils to light "is one of the most basic sensory responses," the authors wrote
in the new study. But pupils have been found to change size based on factors other than light,
such as interest. The pupils dilate when the items of interest appear.
The researchers of the new study hypothesized that pupils may also change size
based on the number of objects that a person sees in their environment.
"When we look around, we spontaneously perceive the form, size, movement and
color of a scene. Equally spontaneously, we perceive the number of items before us," Burr
said. "This ability, shared with most other animals, is an evolutionary fundamental: It reveals
immediately important quantities, such as how many apples there are on the tree, or how
many enemies are attacking."
Bet you are now looking at your pupils in a different light!
Livescience.com

WORD LIST

1 pupils - anak mata eyes

2 visual - penglihatan viewed

3 regulate - mengawal adjust

4 sensory - deria optic

5 interest - minat attention

6 hypothesized - dihipotesiskan assumed

7 perceive - nampak observe

8 spontaneously - spontan automatic

9 fundamental - asas essential

10 reveals - mendedahkan expose

121
 Article 119: Banana nutrition facts & health benefits

A wide variety of health benefits are associated with the curvy yellow fruit. Bananas
are high in potassium and pectin, a form of fiber. They can also be a good way to get
magnesium and vitamins C and B6.
Bananas are known to reduce swelling, protect against developing Type 2 diabetes,
aid in weight loss, strengthen the nervous system and help with production of white blood
cells, all due to the high level of vitamin B6 that bananas contain. Bananas are high in
antioxidants, which can provide protection from free radicals, which come into contact from
the sunlight to the lotion we put on our skin.
Some evidence suggests that moderate consumption of bananas may be protective
against kidney cancer. A Swedish study published in 2005 in the International Journal of
Cancer found that women who ate more than 75 servings of fruits or vegetables per month
cut their risk of kidney cancer by 40%, and that bananas were especially effective. Women
eating four to six bananas a week halved their risk of developing kidney cancer. Bananas may
be helpful in preventing kidney cancer because of their high levels of antioxidant phenolic
compounds.
Livescience.com

WORD LIST

1 associated - berkaitan similar

2 curvy - lengkung shape

3 swelling - bengkak sore

4 against - terhadap opposed to

5 aid - bantuan benefit

6 antioxidants - antioksida antioxidants

7 consumption - penggunaan utilize

8 servings - hidangan meals

9 halved - dibahagi divide equally

10 preventing - mencegah averting

122
 Article 120: Are teeth naturally yellow?

So, are teeth naturally yellow? First, we need to delve into the composition of our
teeth. They are made up of three different layers. Enamel is the hardest substance in the
human body and forms the outermost layer, dentin is in the middle and the innermost layer
is pulp. Not many people realize that it is the dentin, the middle layer of a tooth, which gives
it color.

It is perfectly natural to have yellow teeth and this is not necessarily a sign of poor oral
hygiene. Even with a healthy lifestyle, factors outside of our control can affect the appearance
of our teeth such as our genes and the thickness of our tooth enamel. Our teeth often appear
more yellow over time as part of the aging process.

Our lifestyle choices can also influence the color of our teeth. Smoking can cause teeth
to yellow rapidly. Coffee, chocolate, and fizzy drinks can all contribute to discoloration.

While yellow teeth are not necessarily unhealthy, for many people the appearance of their
teeth can affect their confidence. Lifestyle changes and cosmetic procedures can help
improve the appearance of our teeth. In this modern world we are lucky to have choices!

Livescience.com

WORD LIST

1 delve - mendalami dig

2 composition - kandungan formation

3 substance - bahan material

4 outermost - paling luar outmost

5 realize - sedar know

6 genes - gen chromosome

7 aging - penuaan older

8 rapidly - dengan pantas immediately

9 discoloration - perubahan warna staining

10 lifestyle - cara hidup way of living

123
 Hyponyms
TITLE/ THEME   Hype the Hyponyms

DURATION   10-30 minutes

OBJECTIVES   Organising students’ vocabulary list

LEARNING OUTCOMES   Students will be able to:

(i) enhance understanding of words learnt

(ii) acquire another way of organizing their vocabulary
lists.
SKILLS   Reading & Discussion

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS/ Negotiation

KNOWLEDGE   Communication  
Collaboration  
MATERIALS/ RESOURCES   Articles from SEEDS

ACTIVITIES 1. Class reads Article 1. Teenage and Music.

2. Teacher displays the hyponym chart to the class.
3. Class completes the chart by listing down possible
options to fill the blank.
4. In smaller groups, students try to come up with
another chart. (Think-pair-share)
5. Each group puts up their chart (gallery walk) and
reads other group’s work.

TEACHER’S NOTES   Suggestions:

This activity can take place after the SEEDS broadcast or
as a warm-up activity before a lesson.
Notes:
Hyponyms are words that are the specific examples of a
general word, a ‘superordinate'. They can be compared with
synonyms, which mean the same things, and antonyms,
which mean opposite things.
Example
Red, white and blue are all colours.
In the classroom
Learners can record words in hyponym groups in
vocabulary banks and add new words to these groups.
This can be a useful way to process new vocabulary and
may mirror how we organise words in our first language.
Source:
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/hyponyms
Further links:
 https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/lexical-
notebooks-or-vocabulary-cards
 

  
 ?

relaxing soothing energising

POSSIBLE ANSWER: Feeling, Conditions.

Music

rap pop country  indie hardcore

Kinds/Sort

different various  types 

 
 Antonyms
TITLE/ THEME   Opposite Attracts!

DURATION   10-30 minutes

OBJECTIVES   Organising students’ vocabulary list

LEARNING OUTCOMES   Students will be able to:

(i) enhance understanding of words learnt

(ii) acquire another way of organizing their vocabulary
lists.
SKILLS   Reading & Discussion

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS/ Negotiation

KNOWLEDGE   Communication  
Collaboration  
MATERIALS/ RESOURCES   Articles from SEEDS , hyponym chart.

ACTIVITIES 1. Teacher asks the class to recall the words they

have learnt during the lesson on hyponyms.
2. Teacher can display one of the charts.
3. Students in group need to come up with possible
antonyms. (Refer table 1)
4. Differentiation: For the less able students, they can
be given list of words (synonyms) and in groups
they can rank the word (for example from most to
least) (Refer table 2).
Notes:
(i) The focus of the ranking approach is to
spark discussion, in addition to help
students have better understanding of the
meaning.
(ii) Teacher need to remind the group that they
need to bear in mind that differences may
arise due to the interpretation of the words.

TEACHER’S NOTES   Suggestions:

This activity can take place after the SEEDS broadcast or
as a lesson.
Notes:
Antonyms Leaf
 https://busyteacher.org/8044-opposites-attract-having-fun-
with-antonyms.html
 
  
 Condition

relaxing soothing energising

 
 
 
TABLE 1

RELAXED
antonyms

intense anxious  stressed

 
 
 
TABLE 2

LIST OF WORDS:

ANXIOUS NERVOUS SCARED WORRIED

LESS 
INTENSE/ INTENSE/ 
MOST
LEAST 

 
 Deluxe Reading Tour
TITLE/ THEME   Driving Change

DURATION   10-30 minutes

OBJECTIVES   Help students to explore and expand ideas for personal

development by reading independently and widely. 
LEARNING OUTCOMES   Students will be able to:

(i) Express their opinion about what they have read.

(ii) Be more analytical and critical of the material they
read by using the Deluxe Reading Tour Handout.  
 
SKILLS   Reading & Discussion

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS/ Negotiation

Communication  
KNOWLEDGE  
Collaboration  
MATERIALS/ RESOURCES   Articles from SEEDS (For example Article 97), Deluxe
Reading Tour Sheet.

ACTIVITIES 1. Teacher asks the class to recall the words they

have learnt from previous lessons.
2. Teacher gets a volunteer to read the excerpt.
3. Option A: The class discusses about their opinion
after reading Article 97: Driving Change.
4. Option B: Teacher asks students to imagine how
their life would be if the women in our country did
not have such privilege. Students write opinion on
post-it.
5. Students are given the deluxe reading sheet and
complete the task.

TEACHER’S NOTES