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    2022 UKChO Mark Scheme (For Reference Only)

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    nunya78
    This document provides sample answers for reference to the 2022 54th UKChO exam. It includes answers to 6 questions covering topics such as E10 petrol, nitrous oxide, cubane, coronavirus testing, the smallest Chinese knot, and storing vaccines. Each question is broken down into multiple parts and shows the reasoning and equations used to arrive at the answers. The document is intended only as a reference for reviewers after the official mark scheme is released by the RSC in following weeks. It provides the number of marks that may be awarded for each answer along with notes on equivalencies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2022 UKChO Mark Scheme (For Reference Only)

    Uploaded by

    nunya78
    123 views6 pages
    This document provides sample answers for reference to the 2022 54th UKChO exam. It includes answers to 6 questions covering topics such as E10 petrol, nitrous oxide, cubane, coronavirus testing, the smallest Chinese knot, and storing vaccines. Each question is broken down into multiple parts and shows the reasoning and equations used to arrive at the answers. The document is intended only as a reference for reviewers after the official mark scheme is released by the RSC in following weeks. It provides the number of marks that may be awarded for each answer along with notes on equivalencies.

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    2022 UKChO mark scheme (for reference only)(1)

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    This document provides sample answers for reference to the 2022 54th UKChO exam. It includes answers to 6 questions covering topics such as E10 petrol, nitrous oxide, cubane, coronavirus testing, the smallest Chinese knot, and storing vaccines. Each question is broken down into multiple parts and shows the reasoning and equations used to arrive at the answers. The document is intended only as a reference for reviewers after the official mark scheme is released by the RSC in following weeks. It provides the number of marks that may be awarded for each answer along with notes on equivalencies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    123 views6 pages

    2022 UKChO Mark Scheme (For Reference Only)

    Uploaded by

    nunya78
    This document provides sample answers for reference to the 2022 54th UKChO exam. It includes answers to 6 questions covering topics such as E10 petrol, nitrous oxide, cubane, coronavirus testing, the smallest Chinese knot, and storing vaccines. Each question is broken down into multiple parts and shows the reasoning and equations used to arrive at the answers. The document is intended only as a reference for reviewers after the official mark scheme is released by the RSC in following weeks. It provides the number of marks that may be awarded for each answer along with notes on equivalencies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    2022 54th UKChO Answers For Reference

    Li
    [email protected]
    Note: This document is for reference only. The official mark scheme can be downloaded via RSC website several
    weeks later.
    Q1 (9 %) This Question is about E10 petrol
    (a)

    1 mark
    (b)
    6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 1 mark
    (c)
    C6H12O6 → 2 CO2 + 2 C2H5OH 1 mark
    (d)
    The formula of octane can be written as C8H18.
    Obviously, 1 mol of octane isomer contains 7 C-C bond and 18 C-H bond.

    The net equation of the combustion of octane is: C8H18 + O2 → 8 CO2 + 9 H2O

    Thus, the enthalpy of combustion of an isomer of octane is

    1 mark

    (e)
    1°For 1 L of E 5 fuels:

    0.5 mark

    1 mark
    2°For 1 L of E 10 fuels:

    0.5 mark

    1 mark
    *Note: UKChO normally doesn’t accept half marks, the “0.5 mark” written above is just for reference. ECFs may
    be accepted.
    (f)
    Percentage of Energy = Q(E10) / Q(E5) = 98.36 % 1 mark
    ECFs may be accepted.
    (g)
    Set the volume of E10 and E5 fuels as 1 L.
    The CO2 released from the combustion of E10 fuels: 0.9 n
    The CO2 released from the combustion of E5 fuels: 0.95 n
    Percentage of CO2 released = 0.9 / 0.95 = 94.74 % 1 mark
    No ECFs are accepted.

    9 points in total.

    1/6
    Q2 (9 %) This question is about the chemistry of nitrous oxide
    (a)

    1 mark, the bond angle is not required.


    (b) HNO3 1 mark
    (c) [B ]-NH4 , [C ]-NO3-.
    + + -

    1 mark for each correct answer. The charge must be fully correct, otherwise no marks can be awarded. The correct
    usage of hashed bonds and wedged bonds is not required, students only have to indicate the correct shape. The
    conjugation system in NO3- is not required.
    (d) D-NO, E-NO2, F-N2O3, X-N2O4 4 marks, 1 mark E.A.

    (e)
    1 mark.

    9 points in total.
    Q3 (9 %) This question is about cubane
    (a) C8H8. 1 mark
    (b) Specific matter Number of 13C NMR peaks mark
    Cubane/Cubane-carboxylic acid 1/5

    Cubane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

    5 3 marks in total

    Cubane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid

    Cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

    2/6
    (c)

    (A) (B)

    2 marks, 1 mark E.A.


    (d)

    (W) (X)

    2 marks, 1 mark E.A.


    (e)

    (Y)

    1 mark.
    (f)

    (C)

    1 mark.
    (g)

    1 mark. Must be fully correct for a mark.


    (h)

    (E) (F)

    4 marks, 2 marks E.A.


    (i)

    (G) (H)

    3/6
    2 marks, 1 marks E.A.
    (j)

    (Q) (R)

    4 marks, 2 marks E.A.


    S-CO2 1 mark

    (T)

    2 marks.Ref: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2013, 17, 12, 1503-1509.

    24 points in total.
    Q4 (13 %) This question is about coronavirus testing
    (a) Make a buffered solution. 1 mark
    (b) Neutral. 1 mark
    (c) n(spike proteins) = 20 n(viruses) = 0.1×20×7.1×106 / (6.022×1023) = 2.358×10-17 M
    [SP] = n(spike proteins) / V = 2.358×10-13 M
    1 mark.
    (d) [NP] = 1.6×1012 / (6.022×1023) = 2.657×10-12 M 1 mark
    Set: [SP] = 2.358×10 - x, [SPNP] = x.
    -13

    K = [SPNP] / [NP][SP]→[SPNP] = K[NP][SP]→x = 7.286×10-15


    [SPNP] = 7.286×10-15 M 1 mark
    (e) (i)
    N(AB) = S·σAB = 3.6×109 1 mark
    (ii) V = 0.3 mm = 3×10 mL
    3 -4

    N(SP) = [SP]V NA = 4.13×104 1 mark


    N(SPNP) = [SPNP]VNA = 1.32×10 3 1 mark
    (f)
    Set N(ABSP) = x, N(ABSPNP) = y.
    K = x / (3.6×109 - x - y)[(4.13×104 -x) / (6.022×1019)]
    = y / (3.6×109 - x - y)[(1.32×103 - y) / (6.022×1019)] 1 mark
    x = y. 1 mark
    y / (3.6×10 - 2 y) = 3.3×10 → y = 1.8×10
    9 10 9 1 mark
    (g)
    The minimum number of NP = ABSPNP. 1 mark
    When σ(ABSPNP) = 3×10 mm , the minimum number of SP = 9×106 , which is equivalent to 4.5×105 virus
    6 -2

    particles. 1 mark

    13 points in total.
    4/6
    Q5 (19 %) This question is about the smallest Chinese knot
    (a)
    (i)(ii)

    (A) (Electrophile)

    2 marks, 1 mark E.A.


    (b)

    (B)

    1 mark.
    (c) (i)

    (C)

    1 mark.
    (ii)

    (D)

    1 mark.
    (d)

    (E) (G)

    3 marks.
    (e)

    5/6
    (f)

    2 marks.
    (g)
    Octahedral. 1 mark.
    (h)
    M2+ = Fe2+ X- = BF4- 3 marks.
    (i)
    1. Chinese knot 1 mark.
    2. Individual ring 1 mark.
    3. Two interlinked rings 1 mark.
    4. Individual ring 1 mark.
    Scientific Reference: Leigh, D.A., Danon, J.J., Fielden, S.D.P. et al. A molecular endless (74) knot. Nat. Chem. 13,
    117–122 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-00594-x.

    19 points in total.
    Q6 (12%) This question is about storing vaccines
    (a)Process 1: Si(OCH2CH3)4 + 4 H2O → Si(OH)4 + 4 CH3CH2OH 1 mark.
    Process 2: Si(OH)4 → SiO2 + 2 H2O 1 mark.
    (b)ΔrH = 6 ΔrH(1) + ΔrH(2) - 6ΔrH(3) = -71.5 kJ mol-1 1 mark.
    (c)Set T1 = 273.15 K, Keq = 1 / [Si(OH)4] = ΔrH - 273.15 ΔrS.
    [Si(OH)4](T1) = 1.16×10-3 M
    ΔrH - 273.15 ΔrS = 858.74 (eq.1)
    Set T2 = 373.15 K, Keq = 1 / [Si(OH)4] = ΔrH - 373.15 ΔrS.
    [Si(OH)4](T2) = 6.05×10-3 M
    ΔrH - 373.15 ΔrS = 165.21 (eq.2)
    →ΔrH = 2.75 kJ mol , ΔrS = 6.94 J mol-1 K-1.
     -1 
    3 marks.
    (d)When t = 0, c0 = 1 + A.
    → A = 0.56744. 1 mark
    (e)When t = 1 μs, f (1) = a - b = - 0.143809 (eq.1)
    When t = 2 μs, f (2) = 2 a - b = - 0.140792 (eq.2)
    →a = 3.017×10 nm μs , b = 0.146826 nm .
    -3 -1 -1 -1
    2 marks.
    (f)
    3.017×10-3 = 0.0853565(r1-2 + 0.56744 r2-2). (eq.1)
    0.146826 = r1 + 0.56744 r2 .
    -1 -1
    (eq.2)
    →r1 = 190.11897 nm, r2 = 4.00830 nm 3 marks.

    6/6

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