DIPLOMA IN WOOD BASED TECHNOLOGY

CNC MACHINING

PRACTICAL WORK

NO. NAME STUDENT ID

1. NOR HAZNYFADZIELLA BINTI 07DBK20F2002
HASNEH
2. MELYOUNEX GUSITIN 07DBK20F2004
3. SHAHROLL SINNE EDWARD 07DBK20F2010
4. NURFAEZAH BINTI ALI 07DBK20F2012

Prepare for:
MR, ADRIAN ANG BIN ANGKAL
Lecturer DCW30103

Date submission:
15 JUNE 2022
PRACTICAL 1:
Instruction:
Cnc machinery is a revolutionized process in wood industry. Discuss the differences
of THREE (3) types of cnc machine in the industry.

Objective:
1. To familiarise students with types of cnc machine in the wood industry.
2. To familiarise students with functions of different types of cnc machine.
 TYPES OF MACHINES FUNCTION

1. CNC lathes.
- A CNC lathe machine is normally used to
perform or produce precise round shapes with
both an Outer Diameter (OD), and an Inner
Diameter (ID). Practically all kinds of structures
could be machined with this machine tool,
depending on their needs in different
industries.

2. CNC milling machines.

- CNC milling, or computer numerical control
milling, is a machining process which employs
computerized controls and rotating multi-point
cutting tools to progressively remove material
from the workpiece and produce a custom-
designed part or product. This process is
suitable for machining a wide range of
materials, such as metal, plastic, glass, and
wood, and producing a variety of custom-
designed parts and products.

3.CNC drilling machine

- CNC drilling is a machining process that

utilizes a rotating cutting tool to produce round
holes in a stationary workpiece. The holes are
typically made to accommodate machine
screws or bolts for assembly purposes.
However, they can be used for aesthetic
purposes depending on the design of the
component.
PRACTICAL 2:
Instruction:
Safety is a very crucial thing in cnc machining. You are required to find common safety related
accidents in cnc machining. Explain the causes for the accidents and precaution that should
be taken.

Objective:
1. To familiarise students with the common safety related accident in cnc machining.
2. To add knowledge about safety in cnc machining.
Two General Safety Rule for CNC Machines
• Never operate a CNC machine without proper training or consulting the specific
operator's manual for that particular machine and control type.
• Never attempt to program a CNC machine without proper training or consulting the
specific programmer's manual for that particular machine and control type.

Causes that can make accidents and precaution that should be taken:
1. Using the Wrong Cutting Tools / Settings

• Poor material finishes could be due to either bluntness in the tool used, or improper
feed speed ratio. It may also be caused by the wrong dimensions of the tool for the
job at hand in terms of the sizes, quality, or match with the material.
• To resolve this, it is important to choose the right tool and setting the material.

2. Errors in Programming

• As highly sophisticated equipment controlled by CNC computers, much of the issues

which arise in CNC machining often comes from programming. These may come
from a lack of understanding of the different G and M codes used for the controller,
wrong set-up, or inputting the wrong data variables into the CNC controller.
• To resolve these errors, it is important for new operators to be adequately trained in
the different ways in which CNC machines can be programmed. Comprehensive user
manuals and training, motion sequencing, and operation of the machine should be
provided to new operators by the machine suppliers or experienced operators on the
shop floor.

3. Poor Maintenance of CNC Machine Tool

• Modern machines with multiple constantly moving mechanical parts, CNC Machine
Tools need to be regularly cleaned and maintained to keep them running optimally.
Failure to clear away dirt, material and other debris could result in a build-up which
over time can result in inaccuracies in machining or even machine failures.
• To prevent this, it is crucial for machine operators to follow a detailed maintenance
regime for the machine tools in use. They should also regularly check levels of
coolants or airflow, e.g., air filters, to ensure that operations continue to be smooth
and uninterrupted.
4. Inadequate Worker Skill and Training

• With increasing use of computing and programming, CNC machine tool operators
these days need a different set of knowledge and skills. Without the right
organisational, planning and programming skills, workers are unable to optimize the
yield of these machines even if they have machining skill and experience using
previous models of machines in the past.
• To ensure that this is resolved, you need to hire the right machine operators who can
visualise and design the machining process, select the correct tools and sequences
for the job, and write the programmes.

5. Clamping/ Unclamping Problem of Chucks and Fixtures

• This can be a major issue when the piece to be worked on cannot be securely
gripped by the chuck, or if it shifts or vibrates during the machining process. To
resolve this, consider the following steps:
• Check if the part is correctly positioned to ensure secured clamping.
• Check if the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic pressure is adequately set-up.
• Check if the jaws used are correctly set and adequate for gripping the material.
Ensure a wider surface gripping instead of point gripping.
• If the chuck does not open / close, check to see if the foot switch is working – see if
the contacts are still working and that the wires are not broken.
• Check to see if the lubricant is adequate for the different parts of the chuck, and that
there isn’t dirt or debris affecting the movements.
• Check if the chuck is working based on the MDI M-code command.
• Check to see if the output of the solenoid is working. If it does, a broken wire at the
connector could be a problem.
• Check if the draw tube which connects the hydraulic cylinder and the chuck is
working, and if it is loose.

6. Overheating of Machine Tool

• For high volume and long durations of machining, overheating may sometimes occur.
Your CNC machine tool may hit temperatures of 150 degrees or more within. This
could negatively affect the result of your machining job, the tool used, as well as the
CNC machine itself.
• To avoid this, ensure that you regularly clear all channels and clean the machine to
be free of dirt, soil, and material. Have a regular calendar of cleaning up all metal
shavings as well as the liquids used in cutting.

7. Wrong CNC Machine Tool Part

• Finally, and perhaps most importantly, you need to choose the right CNC machine
tool partner to reduce the occurrence of machine problems and human errors.
• Machine tool errors and mistakes can be costly over the long run for your company.
To ensure that these are minimised, work with established and experienced CNC
Machine tool companies that provide a comprehensive after-sales maintenance,
training, and servicing package. Designed and precision manufactured to rigorous
standards of quality.