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Real Time Transport Protocol

Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used for real-time audio and video transmission over the Internet. It is commonly used with UDP. RTP was developed in 1996 by members of the IETF to provide media transmission and synchronization. It supports formats like MPEG and MJPEG. RTP headers include fields for payload type, sequence number, timestamp, and source identifiers to enable sequencing and synchronization of media streams.

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68 views

Real Time Transport Protocol

Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used for real-time audio and video transmission over the Internet. It is commonly used with UDP. RTP was developed in 1996 by members of the IETF to provide media transmission and synchronization. It supports formats like MPEG and MJPEG. RTP headers include fields for payload type, sequence number, timestamp, and source identifiers to enable sequencing and synchronization of media streams.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

 Difficulty Level : Easy


 Last Updated : 08 Dec, 2022

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A protocol is designed to handle real-time traffic (like audio and video) of the
Internet, is known as Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP). RTP must be used
with UDP. It does not have any delivery mechanism like multicasting or port
numbers. RTP supports different formats of files like MPEG and MJPEG. It is very
sensitive to packet delays and less sensitive to packet loss. History of RTP : This
protocol is developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) of four members:
1. S. Casner (Packet Design)
2. V. Jacobson (Packet Design)
3. H. Schulzrinne (Columbia University)
4. R. Frederick (Blue Coat Systems Inc.)
RTP is first time published in 1996 and known as RFC 1889. And next it published in
2003 with name of RFC 3550. Applications of RTP :
1. RTP mainly helps in media mixing, sequencing and time-stamping.
2. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
3. Video Teleconferencing over Internet.
4. Internet Audio and video streaming.
RTP Header Format : The diagram of header format of RTP packet is shown
below: 

 
The header format of RTP is very simple and it covers all real-time applications. The
explanation of each field of header format is given below:
 Version : This 2-bit field defines version number. The current version is 2.
1. P – The length of this field is 1-bit. If value is 1, then it denotes
presence of padding at end of packet and if value is 0, then there
is no padding.
2. X – The length of this field is also 1-bit. If value of this field is
set to 1, then its indicates an extra extension header between data
and basic header and if value is 0 then, there is no extra
extension.
3. Contributor count – This 4-bit field indicates number of
contributors. Here maximum possible number of contributor is 15
as a 4-bit field can allows number from 0 to 15.
4. M – The length of this field is 1-bit and it is used as end marker
by application to indicate end of its data.
5. Payload types – This field is of length 7-bit to indicate type of
payload. We list applications of some common types of payload.
6. Sequence Number – The length of this field is 16 bits. It is used
to give serial numbers to RTP packets. It helps in sequencing.
The sequence number for first packet is given a random number
and then every next packet’s sequence number is incremented by
1. This field mainly helps in checking lost packets and order
mismatch.
7. Time Stamp – The length of this field is 32-bit. It is used to find
relationship between times of different RTP packets. The
timestamp for first packet is given randomly and then time stamp
for next packets given by sum of previous timestamp and time
taken to produce first byte of current packet. The value of 1 clock
tick is varying from application to application.
8. Synchronization Source Identifier – This is a 32-bit field used
to identify and define the source. The value for this source
identifier is a random number that is chosen by source itself. This
mainly helps in solving conflict arises when two sources started
with the same sequencing number.
9. Contributor Identifier – This is also a 32-bit field used for
source identification where there is more than one source present
in session. The mixer source use Synchronization source
identifier and other remaining sources (maximum 15) use
Contributor identifier.

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