MARRAGE

GARDENCOURT CAMBRIDGE
SCHOOL
KATHADITHATTU
A PROJECT BY
MARRIAGE
FOR
ALS PROJECT,ENGLISH
BY
R.VIJAYA RAGAVAN
CLASS XI,MATHS-BIO,(2022-2023)
GARDENCOURT CAMBRIDGE
SCHOOL
KATHADITHATTU
CERTIFICATE OF COMPETION
This is to certify that the project reported titled ‘MARRIAGE’,
Term 2,English,a genuine work carried out by VIJAYA RAGAVAN
of class XI of(GCS),kattadithattu , for fulfillment of AlS project
work .
Principal Class teacher

PLACE: Kathadithattu
INDEX
s.no: TOPIC
1. MARRIAGE
2. FINDING PARTNER
3. LAWs
4. MARITAL CUSTOMS
MARRIAGE
Marriage is the process by which two people make their
relationship public, official, and permanent. It is the
joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until
death, but in practice is often cut short by separation or
divorce.
Make Marriage Work

Marriage brings great joy to many but it also brings
challenges, often profound ones. How a couple manages
them often determines whether their relationship
collapses or holds firm. Preserving long-term connection
may require one or both partners to jettison misguided
beliefs or dysfunctional habits that they themselves hold,
while bearing in mind that trying to change a spouse
tends to fail unless the individual also wants to change.
Sex in Marriage
A core aspect of marriage is the commitment to have
sexual relations with only one partner for the rest of
one’s life. Sex tends to be a highly positive aspect of most
couples’ early days together, but like any other aspect of
a relationship, struggles inevitably arise. Physical and
emotional issues may change how one or both partners
feel about the frequency or style of physical intimacy in a
relationship or fuel insecurity that manifests as anger or
avoidance. Learning how to address sexual concerns
together honestly and openly, experts agree, is the key
to maintaining intimacy long-term, but that’s often easier
said than done.
Finding Partners
The choice of spouse is among the most important
decisions most people ever make, but it’s a choice that
comes with no guarantees of long-term happiness. The
science of relationships offers some insights into how
successful partners tend to find each other, but whether
or not a marriage will last ultimately depends on the
specific characteristics of the individuals deciding to
unite.
Marital customs and laws
Some form of marriage has been found to exist in all
human societies, past and present. Its importance can be
seen in the elaborate and complex laws and rituals
surrounding it. Although these laws and rituals are as
varied and numerous as human social and cultural
organizations, some universals do apply.
The main legal function of marriage is to ensure the

rights of the partners with respect to each other and to
ensure the rights and define the relationships of children
within a community. Marriage has historically conferred
a legitimate status on the offspring, which entitled him or
her to the various privileges set down by the traditions of
that community, including the right of inheritance. In
most societies marriage also established the permissible
social relations allowed to the offspring, including the
acceptable selection of future spouses.
Until the late 20th century, marriage was rarely a matter
of free choice. In Western societies love between
spouses came to be associated with marriage, but even
in Western cultures (as the novels of writers such as
Henry James and Edith Wharton attest) romantic love
was not the primary motive for matrimony in most eras,
and one’s marriage partner was carefully chosen.
Endogamy, the practice of marrying someone from

within one’s own tribe or group, is the oldest social
regulation of marriage. When the forms of
communication with outside groups are limited,
endogamous marriage is a natural consequence. Cultural
pressures to marry within one’s social, economic, and
ethnic group are still very strongly enforced in some
societies.
Exogamy, the practice of marrying outside the group, is

found in societies in which kinship relations are the most
complex, thus barring from marriage large groups who
may trace their lineage to a common ancestor.
In societies in which the large, or extended, family

remains the basic unit, marriages are usually arranged by
the family. The assumption is that love between the
partners comes after marriage, and much thought is
given to the socioeconomic advantages accruing to the
larger family from the match. By contrast, in societies in
which the small, or nuclear, family predominates, young
adults usually choose their own mates. It is assumed that
love precedes (and determines) marriage, and less
thought is normally given to the socioeconomic aspects
of the match.
In societies with arranged marriages, the almost

universal custom is that someone acts as an
intermediary, or matchmaker. This person’s chief
responsibility is to arrange a marriage that will be
satisfactory to the two families represented. Some form
of dowry or bridewealth is almost always exchanged in
societies that favour arranged marriages.
In societies in which individuals choose their own mates,

dating is the most typical way for people to meet and
become acquainted with prospective partners. Successful
dating may result in courtship, which then usually leads
to marriage.
Marriage rituals
The rituals and ceremonies surrounding marriage in most
cultures are associated primarily with fecundity and
validate the importance of marriage for the continuation
of a clan, people, or society. They also assert a familial or
communal sanction of the mutual choice and an
understanding of the difficulties and sacrifices involved in
making what is considered, in most cases, to be a lifelong
commitment to and responsibility for the welfare of
spouse and children.
Witness a traditional Shintō wedding ceremony
Witness a traditional Shintō wedding ceremonySee all
videos for this article
Marriage ceremonies include symbolic rites, often
sanctified by a religious order, which are thought to
confer good fortune on the couple. Because economic
considerations play an essential role in the success of
child rearing, the offering of gifts, both real and symbolic,
to the married couple are a significant part of the
marriage ritual. Where the exchange of goods is
extensive, either from the bride’s family to the
bridegroom’s or vice versa, this usually indicates that the
freedom to choose one’s marital partner has been
limited and determined by the families of the betrothed.
Fertility rites intended to ensure a fruitful marriage exist

in some form in all ceremonies. Some of the oldest
rituals still to be found in contemporary ceremonies
include the prominent display of fruits or of cereal grains
that may be sprinkled over the couple or on their nuptial
bed, the accompaniment of a small child with the bride,
and the breaking of an object or food to ensure a
successful consummation of the marriage and an easy
childbirth.
The most universal ritual is one that symbolizes a sacred
union. This may be expressed by the joining of hands, an
exchange of rings or chains, or the tying of garments.
However, all the elements in marriage rituals vary greatly
among different societies, and components such as time,
place, and the social importance of the event are fixed by
tradition and habit.
These traditions are, to a certain extent, shaped by the
religious beliefs and practices found in societies
throughout the world. In the Hindu tradition, for
example, weddings are highly elaborate affairs, involving
several prescribed rituals. Marriages are generally
arranged by the parents of the couple, and the date of
the ceremony is determined by careful astrological
calculations. Among most Buddhists marriage remains
primarily a secular affair, even though the Buddha
offered guidelines for the responsibilities of lay
householders.
In Judaism marriage is believed to have been instituted
by God and is described as making the individual
complete. Marriage involves a double ceremony, which
includes the formal betrothal and wedding rites (prior to
the 12th century the two were separated by as much as
one year). The modern ceremony begins with the groom
signing the marriage contract before a group of
witnesses. He is then led to the bride’s room, where he
places a veil on her. This is followed by the ceremony
under the huppa (a canopy that symbolizes the bridal
bower), which involves the reading of the marriage
contract, the seven marriage benedictions, the groom’s
placing a ring on the bride’s finger (in Conservative and
Reform traditions the double ring ceremony has been
introduced), and, in most communities, the crushing of a
glass under foot. After the ceremony the couple is led
into a private room for seclusion, which symbolizes the
consummation of the marriage.
From its beginnings, Christianity has emphasized the

spiritual nature and indissolubility of marriage. Jesus
Christ spoke of marriage as instituted by God, and most
Christians consider it a permanent union based upon
mutual consent. Some Christian churches count marriage
as one of the sacraments; other Christians confirm the
sanctity of marriage but do not identify it as a sacrament.
Since the Middle Ages, Christian weddings have taken
place before a priest or minister, and the ceremony
involves the exchange of vows, readings from Scripture, a
blessing, and, sometimes, the eucharistic rite.
In Islam marriage is not strictly a sacrament but is always

understood as a gift from God or a kind of service to God.
The basic Islamic tenets concerning marriage are laid out
in the Quran, which states that the marital bond rests on
“mutual love and mercy” and that spouses are “each
other’s garments.” Muslim men may have up to four
wives at one time (though they seldom do), but the wives
must all be treated equitably. Marriages are traditionally
contracted by the father or guardian of the bride and her
intended husband, who must offer his bride the mahr, a
payment offered as a gift to guarantee her financial
independence.

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GARDENCOURT CAMBRIDGE

Principal Class teacher

Make Marriage Work

The main legal function of marriage is to ensure the

Endogamy, the practice of marrying someone from

Exogamy, the practice of marrying outside the group, is

In societies in which the large, or extended, family

In societies with arranged marriages, the almost

In societies in which individuals choose their own mates,

Fertility rites intended to ensure a fruitful marriage exist

From its beginnings, Christianity has emphasized the

In Islam marriage is not strictly a sacrament but is always

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