Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as waves. [1] All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. [2] The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related, such that shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies. [3] Electromagnetic waves are used in various applications such as radio waves in telecommunications, microwaves in wireless communication and satellite transmission, infrared in remote controls and imaging, visible light in displays and photosynthesis, ultraviolet in sterilization, x-rays in medical imaging, and gamma rays in radiation therapy. [4] Exposure to some electromagnetic radiation can damage living tissue, with effects varying based on wavelength, such as
Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as waves. [1] All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. [2] The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related, such that shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies. [3] Electromagnetic waves are used in various applications such as radio waves in telecommunications, microwaves in wireless communication and satellite transmission, infrared in remote controls and imaging, visible light in displays and photosynthesis, ultraviolet in sterilization, x-rays in medical imaging, and gamma rays in radiation therapy. [4] Exposure to some electromagnetic radiation can damage living tissue, with effects varying based on wavelength, such as
Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as waves. [1] All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. [2] The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related, such that shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies. [3] Electromagnetic waves are used in various applications such as radio waves in telecommunications, microwaves in wireless communication and satellite transmission, infrared in remote controls and imaging, visible light in displays and photosynthesis, ultraviolet in sterilization, x-rays in medical imaging, and gamma rays in radiation therapy. [4] Exposure to some electromagnetic radiation can damage living tissue, with effects varying based on wavelength, such as
Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as waves. [1] All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. [2] The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves are inversely related, such that shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies. [3] Electromagnetic waves are used in various applications such as radio waves in telecommunications, microwaves in wireless communication and satellite transmission, infrared in remote controls and imaging, visible light in displays and photosynthesis, ultraviolet in sterilization, x-rays in medical imaging, and gamma rays in radiation therapy. [4] Exposure to some electromagnetic radiation can damage living tissue, with effects varying based on wavelength, such as
WAVES Learning Competencies compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves; S10FE-IIa-b-47
cite examples of practical applications of the different regions
of EM waves, such as the use of radio waves in telecommunications S10FE-IIc-d-48
explain the effects of EM radiation on living things and the
environment S10FE-IIc-d-49 Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• A. distinguish the different types of electromagnetic waves
based of their wavelengths; • B. enumerate the different uses and applications of electromagnetic waves; and • C. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of the different electromagnetic waves in the spectrum. THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS TOGETHER Accelerating electrons produce electromagnetic waves. These waves are a combination of electric and magnetic field. changing magnetic field produces electric field and changing electric field produces magnetic field Both electric and magnetic field oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the propagating wave. All electromagnetic waves can travel through a medium but unlike other waves, they can also travel in a vacuum. All EM waves travel in vacuum at a speed of 3x10^8 m/s (denoted as speed of light C). The wave speed, frequency, and wavelength are related by the following equation: V=λf Where: v = wave of speed (or c=speed of light), expressed in meters per second (m/s) f = frequency, expressed in Hertz (Hz) λ = wavelength, expressed in meters (m) Since all EM waves has the same speed and that is equal to the speed of light, as wavelength decreases, the frequency of the wave increases. Example Problem: (Assume the waves propagate in vacuum)
1. What is the frequency of the radio
waves with wavelength of 20 m? Given: Solution: v = c = 3x10^8 m/s v=c=λf λ = 20 m 𝒄 f=? f= λ 𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔 f= 20 m f = 1.5 x10^7 Hz Example Problem: (Assume the waves propagate in vacuum)
2. What is the frequency of light waves
with wavelength of 5x10^-7 m? Given: Solution: v = c = 3x10^8 m/s v=c=λf λ = 5x10^-7 𝒄 f=? f= λ 𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔 f= 5x10^−7 𝒎 f = 6x10^15 Hz Try solving the following: (Assume the waves propagate in vacuum)
1. What is the frequency of light waves with wavelength of 7x10^-7m?
2. What is the wavelength if the frequency is 3x10^16 Hz? 3. What is the frequency of microwave with a wavelength of 1x10^-3m ? 4. What is the wavelength of light waves with a frequency of 6.7x10^12 Hz ? 5. Calculate the frequency having a wavelength of 5x10^-6m ? EM spectrum consists of various types of waves. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength High energy EM waves have high frequency and short wavelength Practical Applications Of Electromagnetic Waves And It’s Effects To Human And Environment Practical Applications of Electromagnetic Waves Radio Waves and Microwaves in Wireless Communication RADIO WAVES - Have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum that is compared to the length of a football field. - They are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna commonly used in radio and television communication. * Medium and high frequency waves are used for broadcasting by local radio stations
* High and ultra high
frequencies are used in TV broadcasting
* Super high frequencies
are used in satellite communication • - Low frequency waves are suitable for communication over great distance. But the curvature of the earth limits the range to about 80 km. To extend the rage, a repeater is used. • - A repeater receives the signal and re-transmits it to the receiving station. - A frequency is an important characteristics of radio wave. AM broadcast frequency that is about 1,000,000 cycles per second (Hz) - Example, when you tune in to your favorite AM radio station at 630 on the dial, the radio is tuning to the radio wave with the frequency of 630,000 cycles per second. - On the other hand, FM radio operates on 100,000,000 cycles per second. So, when you tune in to 101.1 FM, your tuning to 101,100,000 cycles per second (Hz) frequency. We know for a fact that radio waves travels in straight line, why then are we able to receive messages or information from other parts of the world? MICROWAVES • -Have smaller wavelengths than radio waves and can penetrate the atmosphere of the earth. • -These waves are commonly used in satellite communications, RADAR, television transmission and cooking • - Communication satellites are used to reflect these waves back to earth which are then captured by the receiving antennas. • -Communication satellites travels around the earth at an altitude of 35,000 km above the equator.
- They move at a speed of 11,
300 km/h and revolve around the earth every 24 hrs, the same rate as the rotation of the earth. •-Microwaves can penetrate the atmosphere of the Earth. This is the reason why they are used for satellite communications. • -This is how we communicate with the rest of the world. • -Most communication satellites are used to send and receives radio signal for telephone services while the rest are for television broadcasting, scientific research and weather forecast • -Since microwave have a short wavelength and are reflected by small objects, this property is used in RADAR an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging. INFRARED • -the amount of wavelength of radiation depend on temperature. • -our bodies radiate infrared and under infrared camera or a night vision goggle, our images appear in variety of colors. The differences in color determine the differences in temperature. INFRARED • -infrared radiation lies beyond the red end of the visible light. • -the longer wavelength infrared waves produce heat, these include radiation emitted from the sun, fire and other heat producing objects while shorter-wavelength infrared rays do not produce much heat and are used in remote controls and imaging technologies. VISIBLE LIGHT • -shares the thinnest slice in the EM spectrum. • -it is the only EM wave perceived by the human eyes. • -White Light (ROYGBIV) • -each color has a different wavelengths • -it is used in the photosynthesis • process ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION • -it lies beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. • -these wave has shorter wavelength than visible light and carry more energy. • -the sun is our main source of ultraviolet radiation. There are also artificial sources of uv radiation. X-RAYS • -x-rays come just after the ultraviolet rays. • -they are of shorter wavelength but carries higher energy than the UV. • -x-rays are produced using an x-ray tube. They are emitted when fast moving electrons hit a metal target. • -long wavelength x-rays can penetrate the flesh but not the bones. GAMMA RAYS • -lie at the other end of the electromagnetic spectrum. • -they are shortest in wavelength and highest in frequency. • -It carries the highest amount of energy, thus it is more dangerous. • -Gamma Rays are emitted only by the most energetic cosmic object such as supernova, neutron star and black holes. Terrestrial sources such as lightning, nuclear explosions and radioactive decay. -Gamma Rays can destroy living cells, fortunately earth’s atmosphere absorbs any gammy rays that reach the planet -Gamma Rays are used to treat cancer through the process called radiotherapy. They are also used for sterilization of drinking water The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Living Things and Environment Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation • -ULTRAVIOLET -VISIBLE LIGHT
Sunburn, Skin cancer Can damage eyes and
and cataracts skin Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation • -INFRARED -MICROWAVE
Can damage eyes and Can cause cataracts and
can cause blindness skin burns Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation • -INFRARED -MICROWAVE -RADIO
Can damage Can cause Can warm up
eyes and can cataracts and exposed parts cause blindness skin burns of the body Effects of Ionizing Radiation -GAMMA RADIATION
Can destroy living
cells, produce gene mutations, cause cancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation -X-RAYS -radiation burns, damage healthy living cells, can cause mutations in DNA, may lead to cancer - avoid frequent exposure to x-ray