Sci10 EM Waves

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ELECTROMAGNETIC

WAVES
Learning Competencies
compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of
electromagnetic waves;
S10FE-IIa-b-47

cite examples of practical applications of the different regions


of EM waves, such as the use of radio waves in
telecommunications
S10FE-IIc-d-48

explain the effects of EM radiation on living things and the


environment
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

• A. distinguish the different types of electromagnetic waves


based of their wavelengths;
• B. enumerate the different uses and applications of
electromagnetic waves; and
• C. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of the
different electromagnetic waves in the spectrum.
THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC
FIELDS TOGETHER
 Accelerating electrons produce
electromagnetic waves. These
waves are a combination of
electric and magnetic field.
 changing magnetic field produces
electric field and
 changing electric field produces
magnetic field
 Both electric and magnetic field
oscillate perpendicular to each
other and to the direction of the
propagating wave.
 All electromagnetic waves can travel through a
medium but unlike other waves, they can also travel in
a vacuum.
 All EM waves travel in vacuum at a speed of 3x10^8
m/s (denoted as speed of light C).
 The wave speed, frequency, and wavelength are related by the
following equation:
V=λf
Where:
v = wave of speed (or c=speed of light), expressed in meters per second
(m/s)
f = frequency, expressed in Hertz (Hz)
λ = wavelength, expressed in meters (m)
 Since all EM waves has the same speed and that is equal to the
speed of light, as wavelength decreases, the frequency of the
wave increases.
Example Problem:
(Assume the waves propagate in
vacuum)

1. What is the frequency of the radio


waves with wavelength of 20 m?
Given: Solution:
v = c = 3x10^8 m/s v=c=λf
λ = 20 m 𝒄
f=? f=
λ
𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔
f=
20 m
f = 1.5 x10^7 Hz
Example Problem:
(Assume the waves propagate in
vacuum)

2. What is the frequency of light waves


with wavelength of 5x10^-7 m?
Given: Solution:
v = c = 3x10^8 m/s v=c=λf
λ = 5x10^-7 𝒄
f=? f=
λ
𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔
f=
5x10^−7 𝒎
f = 6x10^15 Hz
Try solving the following:
(Assume the waves propagate in vacuum)

1. What is the frequency of light waves with wavelength of 7x10^-7m?


2. What is the wavelength if the frequency is 3x10^16 Hz?
3. What is the frequency of microwave with a wavelength of 1x10^-3m ?
4. What is the wavelength of light waves with a frequency of 6.7x10^12 Hz ?
5. Calculate the frequency having a wavelength of 5x10^-6m ?
EM spectrum consists of various types of waves.
The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
High energy EM waves have high frequency and short wavelength
Practical Applications Of
Electromagnetic Waves And It’s
Effects To Human And
Environment
Practical Applications of Electromagnetic
Waves
Radio Waves and Microwaves in Wireless
Communication
RADIO WAVES
- Have the longest wavelength in the
electromagnetic spectrum that is compared to
the length of a football field.
- They are produced by making electrons vibrate
in an antenna commonly used in radio and
television communication.
* Medium and high
frequency waves are
used for broadcasting
by local radio stations

* High and ultra high


frequencies are used in
TV broadcasting

* Super high frequencies


are used in satellite
communication
• - Low frequency waves are suitable for communication
over great distance. But the curvature of the earth limits
the range to about 80 km. To extend the rage, a repeater is
used.
• - A repeater receives the signal and re-transmits it to the
receiving station.
- A frequency is an important characteristics of radio wave.
AM broadcast frequency that is about 1,000,000 cycles per
second (Hz)
- Example, when you tune in to your favorite AM radio
station at 630 on the dial, the radio is tuning to the radio
wave with the frequency of 630,000 cycles per second.
- On the other hand, FM radio operates on 100,000,000
cycles per second. So, when you tune in to 101.1 FM,
your tuning to 101,100,000 cycles per second (Hz)
frequency.
We know for a fact that
radio waves travels in
straight line, why then are
we able to receive messages
or information from other
parts of the world?
MICROWAVES
• -Have smaller wavelengths than radio waves and
can penetrate the atmosphere of the earth.
• -These waves are commonly used in satellite
communications, RADAR, television transmission
and cooking
• - Communication satellites are
used to reflect these waves back to
earth which are then captured by
the receiving antennas.
• -Communication satellites travels
around the earth at an altitude of
35,000 km above the equator.

- They move at a speed of 11,


300 km/h and revolve
around the earth every 24
hrs, the same rate as the
rotation of the earth.
•-Microwaves can
penetrate the
atmosphere of the
Earth. This is the
reason why they are
used for satellite
communications.
• -This is how we communicate
with the rest of the world.
• -Most communication satellites
are used to send and receives
radio signal for telephone
services while the rest are for
television broadcasting,
scientific research and weather
forecast
• -Since microwave have a short wavelength and are
reflected by small objects, this property is used in RADAR
an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
INFRARED
• -the amount of wavelength of radiation depend on
temperature.
• -our bodies radiate infrared and under infrared
camera or a night vision goggle, our images appear
in variety of colors. The differences in color
determine the differences in temperature.
INFRARED
• -infrared radiation lies beyond the red end of the
visible light.
• -the longer wavelength infrared waves produce
heat, these include radiation emitted from the sun,
fire and other heat producing objects while
shorter-wavelength infrared rays do not produce
much heat and are used in remote controls and
imaging technologies.
VISIBLE LIGHT
• -shares the thinnest slice in the EM spectrum.
• -it is the only EM wave perceived by the human eyes.
• -White Light (ROYGBIV)
• -each color has a different wavelengths
• -it is used in the photosynthesis
• process
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
• -it lies beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.
• -these wave has shorter wavelength than visible light
and carry more energy.
• -the sun is our main source of ultraviolet radiation.
There are also artificial sources of uv radiation.
X-RAYS
• -x-rays come just after the ultraviolet
rays.
• -they are of shorter wavelength but
carries higher energy than the UV.
• -x-rays are produced using an x-ray
tube. They are emitted when fast
moving electrons hit a metal target.
• -long wavelength x-rays can penetrate
the flesh but not the bones.
GAMMA RAYS
• -lie at the other end of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• -they are shortest in wavelength and highest in frequency.
• -It carries the highest amount of energy, thus it is more
dangerous.
• -Gamma Rays are emitted only by the most energetic cosmic
object such as supernova, neutron star and black holes.
Terrestrial sources such as lightning, nuclear explosions and
radioactive decay.
-Gamma Rays can
destroy living cells,
fortunately earth’s
atmosphere absorbs
any gammy rays that
reach the planet
-Gamma Rays are
used to treat
cancer through
the process
called
radiotherapy.
They are also
used for
sterilization of
drinking water
The Effects of
Electromagnetic Radiation
on Living Things and
Environment
Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation
• -ULTRAVIOLET -VISIBLE LIGHT

Sunburn, Skin cancer Can damage eyes and


and cataracts skin
Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation
• -INFRARED -MICROWAVE

Can damage eyes and Can cause cataracts and


can cause blindness skin burns
Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation
• -INFRARED -MICROWAVE -RADIO

Can damage Can cause Can warm up


eyes and can cataracts and exposed parts
cause blindness skin burns of the body
Effects of Ionizing Radiation
-GAMMA RADIATION

Can destroy living


cells, produce gene
mutations, cause
cancer
Effects of Ionizing Radiation
-X-RAYS
-radiation burns, damage
healthy living cells, can
cause mutations in DNA,
may lead to cancer
- avoid frequent exposure
to x-ray

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