STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

1. If two events A and B are independent then:

A. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
B. P(A|B) = P(B)
C. P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)
D. All of the above

2. The following table shows data from a sample of 100 drivers who own cars. Number
of speeding tickets in the last 6 months, and whether or not they drive a fast car
were recorded. (Fast car is defined as a car capable of going at high speeds.)

>1 speeding ticket Got 0 or 1 speeding

tickets
Has a fast car 12 3
Doesn’t have a fast car 19 66

Based on the data above, are owning a fast car and getting more than 1 speeding
ticket independent?
A. YES
B. NO
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) = 0.60, then P(A|B) is
a. 0.60
b. 0.30
c. 0.50
d. Can’t tell without more information.

4. If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.20 and P(B) = 0.60, then P(A|B) is
A. 0.20
B. 0.60
C. 0.40
D. Can’t tell without more information.

5. Suppose 75% of students have an iPad. You take a random sample of 2 students.
What is the chance that neither one of them owns an iPad?
a. 1.50
b. .4375
c. .0625
d. None of these.

6. If P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.65, then P(A and B) must equal 0.25 x 0.65 = .1625.
A. Yes
B. No
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

7-14: Bob is planning a trip to visit his cousin in Chicago. We compare the length of
his trip (short or long) to whether or not he’ll forget to pack something
important.

Short trip Long trip

Forgot something important 0.20 0.60
Didn’t forget something 0.05 0.15
important

7. Suppose we know Bob went on a long trip. What is the chance that he forgot to pack
something important?
A. 0.60
B. 0.80
C. 0.75
D. None of the above

8. What can we tell from the probabilities in the above table?

A. Bob forgets something important more often when he takes a short trip
compared to a long trip.
B. Bob forgets something important less often when he takes a short trip
compared to a long trip.
C. Bob forgets something important just as often when he’s on a short trip as he
does on a long trip.

9. Whether or not Bob forgot something important is INDEPENDENT of length of his

trip.
A. True
B. False

10. Using the above information, we know the probability that Bob takes a short trip
is .25 and the probability that he takes a long trip is .75. What type of probability
distribution is being represented by this information?
A. A conditional probability distribution for length of trip
B. A marginal probability distribution for length of trip
C. An ‘and’ probability distribution for length of trip
D. None of the above.

11. The number 0.20 in the above table represents:

A. P(short trip|forgot something important)
B. P(forgot something important|short trip)
C. P(forgot something important and short trip)
D. None of these is the correct answer.
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

12. If you calculated 0.20 / 0.80 = 0.25 this number would represent:
A. P(short trip|forgot something important)
B. P(forgot something important|short trip)
C. P(forgot something important and short trip)
D. None of these is the correct answer.

13. Bob goes on more long trips than short trips.

A. True
B. False

14. According to the table above, the probability that Bob takes a short trip given that he
forgets something important is the same as the probability that Bob takes a short
trip.
A. True
B. False

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15. If A and B are disjoint events where P(A) = 0.20 and P(B) = 0.30, then P(A and B)
equals:
A. 0.50
B. 0.06
C. 0.00
D. Can’t tell from the information given.

16. If two events are independent, what is the probability that they both occur?
A. 0
B. 0.50
C. 1.00
D. Cannot be determined from the information given

17. If P(A) = 0.84, P(B) =0.76 and P(A or B) =0.90, then P(A and B) is:
A. 0.64
B. 0.70
C. 0.14
D. Can’t tell from the information given.

Problems 18-19. Suppose 63% of the U.S. population is annoyed by other people’s
cell phone conversations. Of those who are annoyed, only 32% have cell phones. Of
those not annoyed, 51% own cell phones.

18. Choose 10 people from the U.S. at random. What is the chance that at least one of
them is annoyed by other people’s cell phone conversations?
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

A. .6310
B. .3710
C. 1 - .6310
D. 1 - .3710

19. What is the chance that a person in the U.S. has a cell phone?
A. 16%
B. 39%
C. 32%
D. 83%
____________________________________________________________________________

20. If P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.45 and P(A and B) =0.25, then P(A|B) is:
A. 1.40
B. 1.80
C. 0.71
D. 0.56

For problems 21-22. A researcher wants to know whether people are more likely to
take carry-on luggage if they have connecting flights. Data on 210 passengers is
shown below.

Connecting flight Direct flight Total

Carry-on luggage 80 40 120
No carry-on 20 70 90
luggage
Total 100 110 210

21. 80/210 represents what probability in this table?

a. The overall probability of taking carry-on luggage.
b. The probability of having a connecting flight and bringing carry-on luggage.
c. The probability that those on connecting flights will bring carry-on luggage.
d. The probability that those with carry-on luggage have a connecting flight.

22. What is the chance that someone has a direct flight?

a. 40/110
b. 40/120
c. 110/210
d. 120/210

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23. The overall percentage of students sending text messages on their phones is 80%.
The overall percentage of students accessing the web on their phones is 40%. Of
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

those students who access the web on their phones, 90% of them send text
messages. What does the 90% stand for in this problem?
A. P(sends text messages)
B. P(accesses the web)
C. P(accesses the web | sends text messages)
D. P(send text messages | accesses the web)

24. Which of the following CANNOT be used to test for independence?

A. P(A|B) = P(B)
B. P(A|B) = P(Ac|B)
C. Both a and b can be used to test for independence
D. Neither a nor b can be used to test for independence

25. Suppose the percentage of females who support a casino in Columbus is 55%. If
supporting a casino in Columbus is independent of gender, what percentage of
males support a casino in Columbus?
A. 55%
B. 45%
C. Unknown

26. Which of the following CANNOT be used to test for independence?

A. P(A|B) = P(B)
B. P(A|B) = P(Ac|B)
C. Both a and b can be used to test for independence
D. Neither a nor b can be used to test for independence

For #27-29 use the following information. A Ph.D. graduate has applied for a job with
two universities: A and B. She has a 60% chance of receiving an offer from university
A and a 70% chance of receiving an offer from university B. If she receives an offer
from university B, she has an 80% chance of receiving an offer from university A.

27. What is the probability that neither university will make her an offer?
A. 1 - (.6 x .7) = .58
B. 1 - .80 = .20
C. 1 – (.6 + .7 - .56) = .26
D. (1-.6) x (1-.7) = .12

28. What is the probability that both universities will make her an offer?
A. .80
B. 60 x .70 = .42
C. .80 x .60 = .48
D. .80 x .70 = .56
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

29. Using probability, we can show that getting an offer from university A and her
getting an offer from university B are independent events.
A. True
B. False (Because P(A|B) is not equal to P(A))

Use the following information for problems 30-31: Data are collected about two
airlines A and B. For a month, we record whether or not each flight is on-time. A two-
way table of the dataset is given below:

Airline
Airline A Total
B
Delayed 300 400 700

On-Time 1200 3600 4800

Total 1500 4000 5500

30. What percentage of Airline A’s flights were delayed?

A. .80
B. .43
C. .05
D. .20

31. What percentage of all flights were from Airline A and delayed?
A. .80
B. .22
C. .20
D. .05

Problems 32-34. The distribution of blood types looks like the following. Select two
people at random. Call them Bob and Bill.

Blood type O A B AB
Probability 0.45 0.40 0.11 0.04

32. What is the chance that Bob has type O blood and Bill has type AB blood?
A. .036
B. .49
C. .018
D. None of the above
STAT 1430 Recitation 6B Probability Rules – Part 2

33. What is the chance that exactly one of them has type AB blood?
A. .0768
B. .04
C. .0384
D. None of the above

34. What is the chance they both have type AB blood?

A. .0016
B. .04
C. .08
D. None of the above
____________________________________________________________________________

35. Which of the following statements is False?

A. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) if A and B are disjoint.
B. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B) if A and B are independent.
C. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A)P(B|A) if A and B are not independent.
D. None of the above are false. They are all True statements.

36. Which of the following statements is False?

A. The numbers inside the boxes of a two-way table represent ‘and’
probabilities.
B. The numbers on the 2nd layer of branches of a tree diagram represent ‘and’
probabilities.
C. If you divide a row total by the grand total in a two way table you get a
marginal probability.
D. All of these choices are true.

Suppose Bob is a telemarketer and makes 10 calls at random. The chance on each
call that someone will buy the product is 5% (.05). Using this information answer the
following:

37. A.What is the chance that NO ONE will buy the product, from the 10 random calls he
makes?

38. What is the chance that AT LEAST ONE will buy the product? (Hint: you can use the
previous problem to help answer this one.)