IT Skills Lab Manual

IT Skills Lab

1. Write an algorithm for programmable problems

a) Add/subtract two numbers

Step:1 Start
Step:2 Declare variables num1, num2 and sum
Step:3 Read the values for num1 and num2
Step:4 Add num1 and num2 and assign the result to sum
sum = num1 + num2
Step:5 Display sum
Step:6 Stop

b) Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers

Step:1 Start
Step:2 Declare variables a, b and c
Step:3 Read the values a, b and c
Step:4 if a>b
if a>c
Display “a” is the largest number
else
Display “c” is the largest number
else
if b>c
Display “b” is the largest number
else
Display “c” is the largest number
Step: 5 Stop

c) Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers

Step:1 Start

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Step:2 Declare the variable n, i=0 and sum=0

Step:3 Read the value for n
Step:4 Begin the loop i=0 to i<=n
sum = sum + i
increment the value of “i” by 1
Step:5 Display sum
Step:6 Stop

2. Design a flowchart for programmable problems

 Add/subtract two numbers

Start

Declare variables num1, num2 and sum

Read the values for num1 and num2

sum = num1 + num2

Display sum

Stop

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 Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers

Start

Declare variables a, b and c

Read the values a, b and c

false true
if
a>b

if false false if
b>c a>c

true true

Display “b” is the Display “c” is the Display “a” is the

largest number largest number largest number

Stop

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 Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers

Start

Declare n, i=0, sum=0

Read the value for n

false
for(i=0
to i<=n)

true
sum = sum + i
i=i+1

Display sum

Stop

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3. Design and create simple game using MIT-scratch/Code.org

Procedure to create a simple game using MIT-scratch:

Step 1: Make your character jump.

 Pick the character as chick and also choose a background as blue sky.
 To make the character jump upwards using change y by 10 block and make it repeat
that for 10 times using repeat 10 block.
 To make the character to come back downwards using change y by -10 block and
make it repeat that for 10 times using repeat 10 block.
 Next, we want the character to jump when we press the space key, so we can add
when space key pressed block.
 We can also enhance the jump by making it sound, so we can add start sound chirp
block.

Step 2: Make a moving obstacle.

 Pick an obstacle as egg and make the egg size smaller by changing the size to 80.
 We want our obstacle to start from one end and glide over to another end.
 Drag the egg the egg to the right corner of the screen and in
go to x: y: block updates the exact x and y co-ordinates.
 To make the egg glide across the street, we can use
glide 1 secs to x: y: block, just drag the egg to the left corner of the
screen then in glide block menu it updates x and y co-ordinates.
 Now the egg can glide across the street.
 Now the egg glided once. So, we want more eggs to keep coming. We can do that by
using forever block with when flag clicked block.
 Then, make the gliding secs to 3.

Step 3: Stop the game.

 If the chick touches the egg, then the egg should stop, we can do that by using stop all
block and we can make the egg wait until it is touching the chick by using
wait until touching chick block with when flag clicked block.

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 Sometimes the chick gets stucked in the air. So, we can fix this by making the chick
go to a starting position when the game starts.
 Drag the chick to the starting position and use go to x: y: block with
when flag clicked block.

Step 4: Add more obstacles.

 Right click on the egg and click duplicate.

 Make the second egg wait 1 seconds block before it starts gliding.
 Make the egg hide block, when the project/game starts and make it show block, once
it done waiting.

Step 5: Keep score.

 Make the variable as score and click OK and this is used to keep track of the user
score.
 Every time the player jumps over the egg, the score is increased by 1 using
change score by 1 block.
 When the player loses or game restarts, the score should be set back to zero (0)
using set score to 0 block.

Output:

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4. Design and create simple android application (MIT App Inventor)

Procedure to create a simple android application:

 Open MIT App Inventor application and login with email as admin and password as
admin then click on Login.
 In MIT App Inventor application, go to projects and select start new project and type
project/app name and click OK.

Projects start new project project/app name OK

 Here, we are creating a bulb app, where we can on and off the bulb.
 First, we need to create a Layout, so click on Layout option and drag & drop
VerticleArrangement option on to the screen and change height & width to fill parent
and click OK and also change AlignHorizontal to center:3.

Layout VerticleArrangement height & width fill parent OK

AlignHorizontal center:3

 Next, we need to create a User interface, so click on User interface option and drag &
drop 2 images as image1 & image2 and select each image and change their properties
of height to 30% & width to 50% respectively and click OK.
 Next, we need 2 buttons for on and off, so drag & drop 2 buttons as button1 &
button2 and select button1 and rename as ON and also in properties change the text as
ON and select button2 and rename as OFF and also in properties change the text as
OFF.
 Now, we need to upload the images of bulbs,

click on image1 and in properties click on

Picture upload filechoose file bulbon OK OK

click on image2 and in properties click on

Picture upload filechoose file bulboff OK OK

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 Now, we need to hide image1 ie., bulbon image. So, click on image1 and in properties
uncheck the visible option.
 Next, we need to write a simple code, go to block option.
 Now, in blocks select ON button and drag & drop when on click block.
 Now, select image1 option and drag & drop
set image1 visible to true block, for true option, just type true, it appears on the screen
and right-click on the above block and click duplicate set image2 visible to false
block.
 Now, in block select OFF button and drag & drop when off click block.
 Now, right-click on the above code block and click duplicate
set image1 visible to false
set image2 visible to true

 Next, click on designer and in properties change the background color of the screen.
 Now, we can test the App using AI companion under connect option. For this we need
to install MIT AI2 companion app in your android phones.
 We can also build an apk file under build option, select App (save .apk to my
computer) and it will be downloaded.
 Now, transfer this apk file on to your android phones and install it and the app will be
working on your android phones.

Output:

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5. Design and create webpage for displaying your poem (Title, header, paragraph,
formatting tags)

(Save as: poem.html)

<html>
<head><title>My poem</title>
</head>
<body align="center">
<p>
<font face="cooper" size="10" color="blue">
<h1><i><u>Johny Johny Yes Papa</u></i></h1></font><br>
<font face="calibri" size="07">
Johny Johny<br>
Yes Papa<br>
Eating sugar?
<del>No, papa</del><br>
Telling lies?
^{No, papa}<br>
<b>Open your mouth</b><br>
<mark>Ah, ah, ah!</mark>
</font>
</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:

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6. Design and create webpage for your wish list (What you want to do). Also list
challenges and opportunities along with images to present your dreams (List ordered
and unordered, Image, table)

(Save as: wishlist.html)

<html>
<head><title>My wishlist</title>
</head>
<body align="center">
<font size="08"><u>MY WISHLIST</u></font><br>
<font size="05">
<ol style="display:inline-block; text-align:left;">
<li>Completing Diploma.</li>
<li>Completing Engineering.</li>
<li>Accomplishing job.</li>
</ol>
</font>
<h1>OPPORTUNITIES TO ACHIEVE</h1>
<p><img src="opportunity.png" height="150" width="400"></p>
<font size="05">
<ul style="display:inline-block; text-align:left;">
<li>Focusing on the studies.</li>
<li>Thinking about the career.</li>
<li>Achieving goals.</li>
</ul>
</font>
<h1>CHALLENGES AHEAD TO ACHIEVE</h1>
<p><img src="challenges.jpg" height="150" width="350"></p>
<center>
<table border="1" style="text-align:center; height:150; width:300;">
<tr><th>SL NO</th><th>CHALLENGE</th></tr>
<tr><td>1.</td><td>Self-decipline</td></tr>
<tr><td>2.</td><td>Confidence</td></tr>

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<tr><td>3.</td><td>Responsibility</td></tr>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Output:

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7. Design and create webpage using HTML and CSS about an awesome animal (Use
necessary CSS tags)
(Save as: animal.html)
<html>
<head>
<title>About animal</title>
<style>
body
{
background-color:rgba(201, 76, 76, 0.3);
margin:5mm 5mm 0mm 25mm;
font-face:Book Antiqua;
font-size:34;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>About Tiger</h1>
<p>
Tiger is the national animal of India.<br>
It is a wild animal found in places of West Bengal, Assam, central India, etc...<br>
The tiger is a carnivore. The female tiger is called the “tigress” and the offspring is the
“cub”.<br><br>
<video width="700" controls loop autoplay>
<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser doesn't support html5 video tag
</video>
</p>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

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8. Design and create web page for a travel book/recipe book with more than 3 pages,
table to list places/recipes (iframe, hyperlink)
(Save as: travel.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>Travel Book</title>
<style>
body
{
background-color: lavenderblush;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-left: 100px;
}
table
{
text-align: center;
font-size:25;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1><u>MY TRAVEL BOOK</u></h1>
<h2><u>LIST OF PLACES I VISITED</u></h2><br>
<table border="2">
<tr><th>SL NO</th><th>PLACES I VISITED</th></tr>
<tr><td>1.</td><td><a href="mysore.html" target="rframe">MYSORE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>2.</td><td><a href="bangalore.html"
target="rframe">BANGALORE</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>3.</td><td><a href="delhi.html" target="rframe">DELHI</a></td></tr>
</table><br>

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<iframe name="rframe" width="90%" height="60%" title="frame for listing visited

places"></iframe>
</body>
</html>

(Save as: mysore.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>Mysore</title>
<style>
body
{
margin: 35px 100px 75px 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1><u>PLACES I VISITED IN MYSORE</u></h1>
<h2>1. Mysore Palace</h2><img src="m1.jpg" height="250" width="500">
<h2>2. Chamundeshwari Temple</h2><img src="m2.jpg" height="250" width="500">
</body>
</html>

(Save as: bangalore.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>Bangalore</title>
<style>
body
{

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margin: 35px 100px 75px 200px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1><u>PLACES I VISITED IN BANGALORE</u></h1>
<h2>1. Vidhana Souda</h2><img src="b1.jpg" height="250" width="500">
<h2>2. Bangalore Palace</h2><img src="b2.jpg" height="250" width="500">
</body>
</html>

(Save as: delhi.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>Delhi</title>
<style>
body
{
margin: 35px 100px 75px 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1><u>PLACES I VISITED IN DELHI</u></h1>
<h2>1. India Gate</h2><img src="d1.jpeg" height="250" width="500">
<h2>2. Red Fort</h2><img src="d2.jpg" height="250" width="500">
</body>
</html>

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Output:

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9. Design and create web page with JavaScript to design a simple calculator to perform
the following operations: sum, product, difference and quotient
(Save as: calculator.html)
<html>
<head><title>Calculator</title>
<script>
function dis(val)
{
document.getElementById("result").value+=val
}
function solve()
{
var x = document.getElementById("result").value
var y = eval(x)
document.getElementById("result").value = y
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h3>Simple Calculator</h3>
<form>
<table border="4">
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><input type="text" id="result" size="8"/></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="c"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="1" onclick="dis('1')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="2" onclick="dis('2')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="3" onclick="dis('3')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="/" onclick="dis('/')"/></td>

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</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="4" onclick="dis('4')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="5" onclick="dis('5')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="6" onclick="dis('6')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="-" onclick="dis('-')"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="7" onclick="dis('7')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="8" onclick="dis('8')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="9" onclick="dis('9')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="+" onclick="dis('+')"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="." onclick="dis('.')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="0" onclick="dis('0')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="=" onclick="solve()"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="*" onclick="dis('*')"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

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11. Design and create web page about advantages of business process automation with
respect to your branch of engineering

(Save as: bpa.html)

<html>
<head>
<title>BPA</title>
<style>
body
{
font-family: candara;
font-size: 30;
background-image: url("bpa.png");
color: white;
margin: 60px 50px 60px 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<u><h1>ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS PROCESS AUTOMATION</h1></u>
<h2>1. Increasing Productivity</h2>
<h3>2. Improves Quality & Consistency</h3>
<h4>3. Saves Time and Money</h4>
<h5>4. Reduces Costs</h5>
<h6>5. Improves Transparency</h6>
</body>
</html>

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Output:

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13. Installation of Antivirus software

Procedure for installing Avast antivirus software:
 Download the Avast free antivirus setup file, and save it in a location on your pc (by

default downloaded files are saved to your downloads folder).

 Right-click on the downloaded setup file,

avast_free_antivirus_setup_offline.exe and select Run as administrator from the

menu.

 If prompted for permission by the User account control dialog, click yes.

 To change the default setup language, click the current language in the top-right

corner of the screen. Then, click install to proceed with default installation, or click

customize if you need to make changes to the default setup.

 Wait while setup installs Avast free antivirus on your pc.

 Once the installation is complete, click continue on the you’re protected screen.

 Click Run first scan to trigger a smart scan to detect viruses, malware, bad-browser

add-ons and other issues on your pc.

 Avast free antivirus is now installed on your pc and ready to use.

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12. Demonstration and hands on browser settings

Procedure for hands on browser settings: (Google Chrome)
1. Go incognito
o  select New incognito window
 Where browsing history will not be saved.
 Private browsing.
 Browser color changes to metallic grey.

2. Change language
o  select settings click on Advanced Languages Add languages.

3. Disable/Enable Pop-up blocks

o  select settings select Advanced Privacy & security select site
settings select Pop-up and redirect.
 By default, blocked will be disabled, you can enable if needed.

4. Default browser
o  select settings select Default browser on the left-side of the menuclick
on make default choose an app – select Google Chrome.

5. Change search engine

o  select settings select search engine on the left-side of the menu select
dropdown window select Google also click on Manage search engine
Add or delete it.

6. Clear cache
o  select settings select privacy and security option on the menu select
clear browsing data click on clear data OR select Advanced click on
clear data.

7. Turn-off notification
o  select settings select privacy and security option on the menu select
site settings select notifications enable/disable/click on blocked.

8. Change background
o  select settings select Appearance on the menu select themes
download & select select add to chrome.

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13. Demonstration and hands on privacy settings and password policy

Procedure for Privacy settings:

1. Click on Windows select settings select privacy

General change privacy options – on/off
Locations do changes if needed
Camera on/off
Microphone on/off
Account info on/off
Contacts on/off
Calendar on/off
Messaging on/off
Other devices on/off
Background apps on/off

2. Click on Windows select settings select Accounts do changes if needed OR

Sync your settings do changes if needed.

3. Click on Windows select settings select update & security update if needed.

Procedure for Password policy:

1. Right-click on Windows select computer management click on Local users and
Groups Users set password for the users OR make changes in control panel of
the user accounts.

 Setting up password policy:

1. Windows + R OR type Run in the search bar and click enter type secpol.msc
click OK.
Local security policy under security settings click on Account policies select
password policy by double clicking it.
 Enforce password history 24 passwords remembered OK
 Maximum password age 42 days (make changes if needed) OK
 Minimum password 0 days OK
 Minimum password length 8 characters OK
 Password must meet complexity requirements enable (By default, it will be
disable) OK
 Store passwords using reversible encryption disable (always) (never enable)
OK

 Updating the password policy: (manually)

2. Windows + R OR type Run in the search bar and click enter type gpupdate click
OK.

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14. Demonstration of common security threats (using videos)

a. Phishing
Phishing is when cyber criminals target victims with emails that appear to be from a
legitimate company asking for sensitive information.

b. DoS attack
A DoS attack is where cyber criminals prevent a computer system from fulfilling
requests by the networks and servers with traffic.

c. Man in the middle attack

It is a type of cyber threat where a cyber-criminal intercepts communication between
two individuals in order to steal data.

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d. Spamming
The term “spam” is internet slang that refers to unsolicited commercial email (UCE)
or unsolicited bulk email (UBE). Spamming is when one person or company sends an
unwanted email to another person.

e. Virus
A computer virus is a malicious piece of computer code designed to spread from
device to device. A subset of malware, these self-copying threats are usually designed to
damage a device or steal data.

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