Types of Pump

By Er. Kabita Ojha

 Vertical turbine pump
⚫ Pump is mounted vertically and hence it is known as vertical
turbine pump.
⚫ They are centrifugal pumps are that works on the same
principle as horizontal centrifugal pumps.
⚫ They have applications where the level of the fluid is high.
⚫ The vertical turbine pump is also known as a deep well turbine
pump.
⚫ They work when the fluid enters the pump at the bottom
through a bell shaped suction bell. From the suction valve,
fluid moves into the first stage impeller, where fluid velocity
increases.
⚫ Vertical turbine pump is used to pump water from
underground or from wells.
Vertical Turbine Pump
Applications of Vertical Turbine
Pump
⚫ These pumps are mainly used where the usage of
a submersible pump is impossible due to the reasons
like the flow of the water is above the pump range.
⚫ They also used to offer firefighting system to industrial
plants.
⚫ These pumps are usually used in wells to supply the
water to agricultural otherwise grass irrigation.
⚫ These pumps can also be used to pump the water from
a river, a bored well, and reservoir.
Positive Displacement Pump
⚫ A positive displacement pump uses the reciprocating, rotary,
or pneumatic motion to move the liquid through the pump.
⚫ Here, the discharge of the fluid occurs in the form of pulses
instead of a smooth liquid flow.
⚫ The flow of liquid is achieved by generating pressure difference
due to expansion and contraction of the pump cavity.
⚫ These types of pumps are operated by trapping a fixed amount
of fluid into the pump chamber at an inlet valve and then it
discharges through an outlet valve.
⚫ These pumps are utilized based on their ability to work in
high viscosity fluid at high pressure.
⚫ Positive Displacement pumps are generally used for specialist
applications such as for pumping viscous liquids or liquids that
contain suspended or fragile solids.
⚫ These pumps are typically not capable of such a high flow rate as
centrifugal pump, but they are capable of producing much higher
pressures.
⚫ A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a
fixed amount of the fluid and forcing (displacing) that trapped
volume into a discharge pipe.
⚫ Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on
the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side.
⚫ Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side
expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity
collapses.
⚫ The fluid velocity inside a positive displacement pump is much
lower than that of a centrifugal pump.
⚫ This is often a desirable feature for certain applications, such as
when needing to pump a media containing fragile solids.
Positive Displacement Pump
 Reciprocating Pump
⚫ It consists of a plunger or membrane that moves up and down to
develop pressure and move fluid.
⚫ Reciprocating pumps use the amount of water that is collected in
an enclosed volume and is sent to discharge by applying pressure.
⚫ Reciprocating pumps are used with low volume flow at high
pressure.
⚫ This pump consists of a piston that moves back and forth in a
fixed cylinder. The piston is fastened to the crankshaft via
a connecting rod.
⚫ This piston moves as the movement of the connecting rod are due
to the movement of the crankshaft. This crankshaft connects to a
motor which helps it to turn.
Reciprocating Pump
⚫ There are two types of reciprocating pumps:
1) Plunger/Piston Type of Reciprocating Pump
⚫ The piston type reciprocating pump generates suction by
the movement of piston or plunger inside the cylinder.
⚫ Check valves are used in piston pumps to ensure fluid
flow only in one direction.
⚫ Piston type pumps are available as single or multi-cylinder
pumps.
⚫ These are types of pumps where a high-pressure seal is
connected with a piston. Piston pumps are used to move
liquids or gases and they operate over a wide range of
pressures.
⚫ In this, the pumps can also deal with viscous media and
media containing solid particles.
Plunger/Piston Type of Reciprocating
Pump
Diaphragm Pump
⚫ A diaphragm pump is a pump that uses a combination
of reciprocating rubber, thermoplastic, or Teflon
diaphragms.
⚫ Diaphragm pump uses rubber membrane and works
on air displacement principle.
⚫ They are types of reciprocating pumps that utilize two
diaphragms for the movement of liquid.
⚫ The reciprocating action of the diaphragm is achieved
by alternatively supplying compressed air to
diaphragms.
⚫ These pumps can handle various fluids such as
chemicals, dry powder, wastewater, food items etc.
⚫ In this type, the diaphragm is filled with one side in the fluid to be
pumped (air or hydraulic fluid).
⚫ As the volume of the chamber increases (the diaphragm moves
upward), the pressure decreases, and fluid enters the chamber.
⚫ And when the pressure of the chamber is increased by the
subsequently reduced volume (going down the diaphragm), the
drawn fluid is drained out. Finally, the diaphragm moves again up,
drawing fluid into the chamber, completing the cycle.
⚫ The flexing diaphragm creates a vacuum at the inlet of the
chamber that draws the fluid into the chamber. When the
diaphragm moves in the opposite direction, it causes the volume
of the pumping chamber to decrease, forcing the fluid out the
discharge port of the pump
⚫ Diaphragm pumps use check valves at the inlet and outlet of the
pumping chamber to ensure that the fluid flows in one direction
and out the other without leaking backwards.
Diaphragm Pump
 Rotary Pump
⚫ It is also a type of positive displacement pump in which a fixed
volume of fluid is moving with each revolution.
⚫ These pumps can provide continuously delivered capacity
regardless of pressure. Rotary pumps use rotating gears to move
the fluid.
⚫ This revolving gear forms a liquid seal with the pump casing and
makes suction at the pump inlet. The fluid now drawn into the
pump is locked within the teeth of its rotating gears and
transferred to the discharge. It certainly gives an advantage that
it is a 100% oil-free operation.
⚫ This pump utilizes a rotating element to transfer fluid and
increase its pressure from inlet to outlet.
 Rotary Pump
⚫ These include gear, screw, vane, peristaltic, lobe, and
progressive cavity and they all use rotating parts to move
the liquid into and out of the pump chamber.
⚫ Some rotary pumps, such as gear pumps, must have very
tight clearance between the rotating elements and the
walls of the chamber, and between the rotating parts.
⚫ which means they generally can’t be used to pump large
solids or abrasive fluids that may wear the parts.
⚫ Other types such as lobe pumps and progressive cavity
pumps are designed to move liquids containing solids.
⚫ There are two types of Rotary Pump: Gear Pump & Rotary
Pump
Gear Pump
⚫ These pumps are a kind of rotating positive
displacement pump, which means they force a stable
amount of liquid for every revolution.
⚫ These pumps move liquid with machinery coming
inside and outside of mesh for making a non-exciting
pumping act.
⚫ These pumps are capable of pumping on high forces &
surpass at pumping high thickness fluids efficiently.
⚫ This pump utilizes two gears for the movement of
liquid for every revolution of gear. The gear pump does
not have any valve.
Rotary Gear Pump
⚫ They are used to pump thick liquids such as fuel and
grease oil.
⚫ A gear pump doesn’t contain any valves to cause losses
like friction & also high impeller velocities. So this
pump is compatible for handling thick liquids like fuel
as well as grease oils.
⚫ These pumps are not suitable for driving solids as well
as harsh liquids.
⚫ There are two types of gear pump:
1) External Gear Pump
2) Internal Gear Pump
 Rotary Lobe Pump
⚫ It is similar to a external gear pump. But lope pump utilize rotors
driven by an internal gearbox and timing gears to pump fluid from
one side to other.
⚫ They have the advantage of high efficiency, rust-resistance and
reliability.
⚫ These pumps can handle high thickness fluids & solids without
hurting them.
⚫ These pumps have superior pumping rooms compare with gear
pumps that allow them to move slurries.
⚫ These are made with stainless steel as well as extremely polished.
⚫ They are widely used in the hygienic processing industries,
including food & beverage processing and biopharmaceutical
manufacturing.
Rotary Lobe Pump
Rotary Lobe Pump
⚫ It consists of two rotors called lobes, one is driver and
other is driven.
⚫ These lobes have less number of teeth (two, three or four)
and they mesh with each other.
⚫ Due to the less number of teeth, higher discharge is
achieved.
⚫ When the driver lobe is rotated by means of any prime
mover, driven lobe will also rotate.
⚫ Thus partial vacuum is created at the inlet of the pump.
The fluid is forced to enter the pump by atmospheric
pressure.
⚫ The fluid is trapped in the pockets between teeth and the
casing and carried towards the outlet port.
Advantages of Positive Displacement Pump
⚫ Can handle high viscous flow and solid
⚫ Constant flow
⚫ Highly efficient as compared to centrifugal pumps
⚫ An increase in the system pressure increases pump
pressure

Disadvantages:
⚫ This pump can not run dry
⚫ Need overpressure protection.
 MCQ...
1. Which of the following is types of positive displacement pump
a) Reciprocating pump
b) Gear pump
c) Vane pump
d) All of these
d) All of these
2. Positive displacement pumps are capable of developing ______
pressures, in _______ suction pressure.
a) High, low
b) Low, high
c) High, high
d) Low, low
a) High, low
3. When is a reciprocating pump used?
a) When quantity of liquid is small
b) When quantity of liquid is large
c) To pump high pressure
d) To pump low pressure
a) When quantity of liquid is small
4. Positive displacement pump discharge is ............ than
rotadynamic pump
a) Lower
b) Higher
c) Same
d) None of these
a) Lower
6. Positive displacement pump advantages is......
a) Operating pressure is high
b) Simple construction
c) Head of positive displacement pump is more
d) All of these
d) All of these
7. The main function of centrifugal pump is
a) Transfer pressure
b) Transfer speed
c) Transfer energy
d) Transfer temperature
c) Transfer energy
8. . Centrifugal pump is convert the ........
a) Hydraulic energy into kinetic energy
b) Kinetic energy into hydraulic energy
c) Mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
d) Mechanical energy into kinetic energy
b) Kinetic energy into hydraulic energy
9. Rotary pumps:
a) Are low-pressure pumps
b) Must be primed before each use
c) Are positive displacement pumps
d) Must use mechanical seals
c) Are positive displacement pumps
10. Which of the following centrifugal pumps has higher
specific speed than the others?
a) Axial flow
b) Radial flow
c) Mixed flow
d) All centrifugal pumps have same specific speed
a) Axial flow
11. Which of the following is NOT a type of positive displacement
pumps?
a) Reciprocating pump
b) Rotary displacement pump
c) Centrifugal pump
d) None of the mentioned
c) Centrifugal pump
12. Which of the following is/are not example/s of rotary
displacement pumps?
a) Gear pump
b) Vane pump
c) Rotary piston pump
d) Centrifugal pump
d) Centrifugal pump
13. Main application of centrifugal pump is in which of the
following?
a) Low viscosity products
b) Heavily aerated liquids
c) Gentle treatment with high viscosity
d) Water treatment
a) Low viscosity products
14. Most widely used sanitary pumps in the dairy industry are?
a) Centrifugal pump
b) Liquid ring pump
c) Positive displacement pump
d) Suction pump
a) Centrifugal pump
15. For pumping viscous oil, the pump used is
a)centrifugal pump
b)reciprocating pump
c)screw pump
d)none of these
c)screw pump
16. The function of strainer in a centrifugal pump is to
a)improve the efficiency of the pump
b)protect the pump against foreign material
c)increase the head
d)protect the pump against overload
b)protect the pump against foreign material