In geometry, 2d shapes and 3d shapes are explained widely to make you understand the

different types of objects you come across in real life. These shapes have their own pattern
and properties. Depending on many factors, such as angle, sides, length, height, width, area,
volume, etc., the shapes can vary. These 2D and 3D shapes have been taught to us since our
primary classes. Let us learn various types of two-dimensional shapes here, in this article.

2D Shapes Definition
In maths, 2d shapes can be defined as the plane figures that can be drawn on a flat (or plane)
surface or a piece of paper. All the 2d shapes have various parameters such as area and
perimeter. Some of the 2d shapes contain sides and corners, whereas some have curved
boundaries.

2D Shapes Names
1. Circle
2. Triangle
3. Square
4. Rectangle
5. Pentagon
6. Octagon

The basic types of 2d shapes are a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, quadrilateral,
hexagon, octagon, etc. Apart from the circle, all the shapes are considered as polygons, which
have sides. A polygon which has all the sides and angles as equal is called a regular polygon.
Including the circle, an ellipse is also a non-polygon shape. Both circle and ellipse have a
curved shape, whereas the polygons have a closed structure with sides. Now let us discuss
some shapes one by one.

Circle

A circle is a closed 2d figure in which the set of all the points in the plane is equidistant from
a given point called “center”. The distance from the center to the outer line of the circle is

called a radius. The example of the circle in real life are wheels, pizzas, orbit, etc.

Triangle

A triangle is a three-sided polygon (2d Shape) which has three edges and three vertices. The
sum of all the three angles of a triangle is equal to 180°. Pyramids are the best example of a
triangle shape. You can also learn the properties of triangle here.

Square

A square is a four-sided polygon (2d Shape), whose four sides are equal in length and all the
angles are equal to 90°. It is considered to be a two-dimensional regular quadrilateral. The
diagonals of the square also bisect each other at 90°. A wall or a table where all the sides are
equal are the examples of square shape.
Rectangle

A rectangle is a 2d shape which has four sides, where the opposite sides are equal and parallel
to each other. All the angles of a rectangle are equal to 90°. A brick, TV, cardboard, which
has length and breadth are examples of the rectangle.

Pentagon

A pentagon is a five-sided polygon (2d Shape), and it can be regular or irregular. In the case
of a regular pentagon, each interior angle is equal to 108°, and each exterior angle measures
72°. It has five diagonals. The Pentagon building, which is the headquarters of the US
Department of Defense, is a great example of the pentagon shape.

Octagon

An octagon is an eight-sided polygon which can be either regular or irregular. It is a 2d shape

which has eight angles. The sum of all the interior angles of an octagon is 1080°. The stop
sign board has an octagon shape, which you can see on the roadside.

2D Shapes Properties

Go through the below to learn all the properties of 2D shapes.

2D
Properties of 2 D Shapes
Shapes
Four axes of
Square Four equal sides Four equal angles(90°)
symmetry
Two axes of
Rectangle 2 sets of 2 equal sides Four equal angles(90°)
symmetry
It can have up to 2
It can have no, 2 or 3
Triangle It can have no, 2 or 3 equal angles axes of
equal sides
symmetry
Almost infinite axes
of
Constant diameter and The total angle of a circle is equal symmetry going
Circle
radius to 360 degrees through

the centre
It can have up to 5
5 sides (can be equal or
pentagon 5 angles (can be equal or unequal) axes
unequal)
of symmetry
It can have up to 6
6 sides (can be equal or
hexagon 6 angles (can be equal or unequal) axes of
unequal)
symmetry
It can have up to 8
8 sides (can be equal or
Octagon 8 angles (can be equal or unequal) axes of
unequal) 
symmetry
Area and Perimeter of 2D Shapes
The area is the region covered by a 2d shape on a plane. The areas for different shapes are
given below:

2d Shape Area Perimeter

Circle Πr2 (R is the radius of the circle) 2πr
Triangle ½ (Base x height) Sum of three sides
Square Side2 4(Side)
Rectangle Length x Breadth 2(Length + Breadth)
Rhombus ½ (Product of diagonals) 4(Side)
Parallelogram Base x Height 2 (Base + Side)
2d Shapes and 3d Shapes

We know that 2d shapes are flat figures and 3d shapes are solid figures. Below are the few
comparisons of these two types of shapes.

2d Shapes 3d Shapes
It is a shape surrounded by three or more straightIf a shape is surrounded by a no. of
lines in a plane and sometimes with a closed curve.
surfaces or planes then it is a 3D shape.
These are also called solid shapes and
These shapes have no depth or height.
unlike 2D they have height or depth.
These shapes have only two dimensions, say length These are shapes containing three
and breadth, whereas curved shapes such as circle dimensions such as depth (or height),
and ellipse have radii. breadth and length.
We can calculate their volume, CSA,
Area, perimeter can be found for these shapes.
LSA or TSA.
Examples: Circle, Triangle, Quadrilaterals, Examples: Cube, Cuboid, Sphere,
Polygons, etc. Cylinder, Cone, etc.