OUR LADY OF FATIMA

UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
Community Organization and Health/ ASPECTS OF HEALTH
Health Programs in the Philippines  Physical Health- refers to condition which
enables a person to maintain a strong and
COMMUNITY HEALTH/PUBLIC HEALTH healthy body.
The science of preventing disease, prolonging  Mental Health- refers to how a person
life and promoting health and efficiency thinks of himself, control his emotions and
through organize community effort. adjust to environment.
 Social Health- refers to ways a person feels,
A. Environmental sanitation think and acts towards everybody around
B. Control of Community infection him
(communicable disease)
C. Education of the individual in principles of HEALTH vs DISEASE
personal hygiene Health or disease is expressions of the success
D. Organization of Medical and nursing or failure of a person to respond adaptively to
services for early diagnosis and preventive environmental challenges.
treatment of diseases  HEALTH- successful defense of the host
E. Development of social machinery which against forces landing to disturb body
will ensure everyone as standard living equilibrium
adequate for maintenance of life DISEASE- failure of the body defense
mechanism to cope with forces tending to
2 BROAD AREAS OF PREVENTIVE disturb body equilibrium
MEDICINE
1. Public Health- includes programs and DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
activities directed at community level and will  Income and social status- higher income
benefit everyone or individuals who are not and social status are linked to better health
currently under the care of physician.  Education- low education levels are linked
2. Risk Factor Evaluation- includes programs with poor health, more stress and lower self
and activities directed at individuals who are confidence
currently under the care of physician who  Physical environment- safe water and
evaluates them for high-risk factors that can clean air, healthy workplace, safe houses,
cause disease, educate them about good habits communities and roads all contribute to
and screens them for appropriate conditions. good health.
 Employment and working conditions-
HEALTH people in employment are healthier,
 A status of complete physical, mental and particularly those who have more control
social wellbeing and not merely the absence over their working conditions.
of disease or infirmity regarded as person’s  Social support networks- greater support
physical and psychological capacity to from families, friends and communities is
establish and maintain balance. linked to a better health
 Culture- customs, traditions and the beliefs
of the family and community all affect the
health
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
 Genetics- inheritance plays a part in
determining lifespan, healthiness and the Levels of Health Care and Referral
likelihood of developing certain illness. System
 Personal behavior and coping skills-
balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, National Health Services
Medical Centers Teaching
drinking and how to deal with life’s stresses and Training Hospitals
and challenges all affect health Regional Health Services
 Health services- access and use of services Regional Medical Centers
And Training Hospitals
that prevent and treat disease influence
health Provincial/City Health
Services
 Gender- men and women suffer from Provincial/City Hospitals
different types of diseases at different ages. Emergency/District Hospitals
 
Rural Health Unit
Primary Health Care (PHC) as an Community Hospitals and Health Centers
approach to delivery of health care Private Practioners / Puericulture Centers

services Barangay Health Stations

 WHO defines PHC as essential health care
made universally accessible to individuals Levels of Health Care Facilities
and families in the community by means PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
acceptable to them through their full  rural health units, their sub-centers, chest
participation and at a cost that the clinics, malaria eradication units, and
community and country can afford at every schistosomiasis control units; puericulture
stage of development centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics,
clinics operated by large industrial firms,
Elements/Components of PHC community hospitals, health centers and
 Environmental sanitation other health facilities
 Control of communicable disease SECONDARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
 Immunization  non-departmentalized hospitals including
 Health Education emergency and regional hospitals
 MCH and Family Planning TERTIARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
 Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition  medical centers and large hospitals
 Provision of Medical Care and Emergency
Treatment 3 LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
 Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases WORKERS
 Provision of Essential Drugs VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH
WORKERS
4 Cornerstones/Pillars in PHC  first contacts
 Active community participation  socio-economic
 Intra and inter-sectoral linkages  curative and preventive
 Use of appropriate technology  Community health worker, volunteers or
 Support mechanism made available traditional birth attendants
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
 first source
 provide support
 attends to health problems Concept of Community Health
 Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives  Working together to help people help
FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL themselves, not merely to survive but also
 establish close contact achieve the maximum potential
 backup health services
 Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist, 4 priorities in Public Health
pharmacists, other health professionals 1. Survival of man
2. Prevention of condition which lead to
Levels of Care destruction or retardation of human function
1. Primary Level of Care and potential in the years of life
 It is health care provided by center 3. Achievement of human potential and
physicians, public health nurse, rural prevention of the loss of productivity of young
midwives, barangay health workers, adults and those on the middle period of life
traditional healers and others at the 4. Improvement of the quality of life, especially
barangay health stations and rural health in the later years
units. First contact between the community
members and the other levels of health STRUCTURE OF THE PHILIPPINE
facility HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Health resources
2. Secondary level of care  Rural Health Unit (RHU) and their sub-
 Given by physicians with basic health centers
training. It is usually given in health  Chest clinics, Malaria Eradication Units and
facilities privately owned or government Schistosomiasis Control Unit
operated such as infirmaries, municipal and  Tuberculosis clinics and Hospitals of the
district hospital and out-patient PTBs
departments of provincial hospitals. This  Private Clinics
serves as the referral center for the primary  Clinics run by PMA
health facilities. Secondary facilities are  Community Hospitals and Health services
capable of performing minor surgeries and Centers run by Philippine Medical Care
perform some simple laboratory Commission (PMCC)
examinations  Voluntary Health Facilities run by religious
and civic groups.
3. Tertiary level of care
 Tertiary care is rendered by specialist in 3 divisions of Health Care Delivery
health facilities including medical centers as System
well as regional and provincial hospitals 1. Government
and specialized hospitals. Complicated cases  The primary government agency in the field
and intensive care requires tertiary care of health runs the bulk of the government
and all these can be provided by the tertiary health facilities is the Department of Health
care facility 2. Mixed Sectors
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
3. Private Sectors (CO/non-government Organization (NGO)
and/or Local Government Unit (LGU), with
Responsibilities Of the DOH a trained operator and a supervising
 Ensuring access to basic health services to pharmacist specifically established in
all Filipinos through the provision of quality accordance with Administrative Order No.
health care 144 s. 2004.
 Formulation and development of national  The BnB outlet should be initially
health policies, guidelines, standards and identified , evaluated and selected by the
manual operation for health services and Concerned Center for Health Development
programs (CHD), approved by the National Drug-
 Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses Policy-Pharmaceutical Management Unit
and accreditation (NDP-PMU 50), and specifically licensed by
 Promulgation of the national standards, the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) to
goals, priorities and indicators sell, distribute, offer for sale and/or make
 Development of special health programs available low-priced generic home
and projects remedies, over-the counter (OTC) drugs and
(2) selected, publicity-known prescription
HEALTH PROGRAMS antibiotic drugs.
1. Adolescent and Youth Health and
Development Program (AYHDP) 3. Promotion of Breast feeding program/
 The program shall remain focus on Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital
addressing the following health concerns Initiative (MBFHI)
regardless of their sex, race and  The Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital
socioeconomic background Initiative is the main strategy to transform
 Growth and Development concerns, all hospitals with maternity and new born
Nutrition, Physical, Mental and emotional services into facilities which fully protect,
status Reproductive health Sexuality , promote, support breast feeding and
Reproductive Tract infection (STD, rooming-in practices
HIV/AIDS) Responsible parenthood,  To sustain this initiative, the field health
Maternal and Child health, Communicable personnel has to provide antenatal
diseases, Diarrhea, DHF, Measles, Malaria assistance and breastfeeding counseling to
Mental Health Substance use and abuse pregnant and lactating mothers as well as to
Intentional/non-intentional injuries the breastfeeding support groups in the
Disability community; there should also be continuous
Mission: orientation and re-orientation/updates to
 Ensure that all adolescent and youth have newly hired and old personnel, respectively,
access to quality health care services in an in support of this initiative.
adolescent and youth friendly environment
4. Cancer Control Program
2. Botika ng Barangay  The Philippines Cancer Control Program,
 Refers to a drug outlet manage by a begun in 1988, is an integrated approach
legitimate community organization utilizing primary, secondary and tertiary
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
prevention in different regions of the  Comprehensive Dental Health program
country at both hospital and community aims to improve the quality of life of the
levels. people through the attainment of the
 Six lead Cancers (lung, breast, liver, cervix, highest possible oral health. Its objective is
oral cavity, colon and rectum) are discussed. to prevent and control dental diseases and
conditions like dental carries and
5. Diabetes Control Program periodontal diseases thus reducing their
 Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic prevalence.
disease characterized by an increase in  To attain orally fit children, the program
blood sugar levels associated with long term focuses on the following package of
damage and failure or organs functions, activities: oral examination and
especially the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, prophylaxis; sodium fluoride mouth rinsing;
the heart and blood vessels. supervise tooth brushing drill: fit and
 In diabetic, blood sugar reaches a fissure sealant application; a-traumatic
dangerously high level which leads to restorative treatment and IEC.
complications
 Blindness 8. Emerging Disease Control Program
 Kidney failure  Emerging infectious disease are newly
 Stroke identified and previously unknown
 Heart attack infection which cause public health
 Wounds that would not heal problems either locally or internationally.
 Impotence These include diseases whose incidence in
What can you do to control your blood humans have increased within the past two
sugar? decades or threaten to increase in the near
1. Diet therapy future.
2. Exercise
3. Control your weight 9. Environmental Health
4. Quit smoking  Environmental health is concerned with
preventing illness through managing the
6. Dengue Control Program environment and by changing people’s
 The thrust of the Dengue Control Program is behavior to reduce exposure to biological
directed towards community-based and non-biological agents of disease and
prevention and control in endemic areas injury. It is concerned primarily with effects
 Major strategy is advocacy and promotion, of the environment to the health of the
particularly the Four O’clock Habit which people.
was adopted by most LGUs. This is a Goals:
nationwide, continuous and concerted effort  Reduction of environmental and
to eliminate the breeding places of Aedes occupational related diseases, disabilities
aegypti. Other initiatives are dissemination and deaths through health promotion and
of IEC materials and tri-media coverage mitigation of hazards and risks in the
environment and workplaces.
7. Dental Health Program
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
10. Expanded program on Immunization fever, hepatitis A and other food borne
The expanded program on immunization is one emerging diseases (e.g. Paragonimus)
of the DOH programs that has already been
institutionalized and adopted by all LGUs in the
region. Its objective is to reduce infant 13. Knock out Tigdas
mortality and morbidity through decreasing the  The Knock-out tigdas is s strategy to reduce
prevalence of six (6) immunizable diseases (TB, the number or pool of children at risk of
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and getting measles, or being susceptible to
measles. measles and achieve 95% measles
circulation in all communities in 2008.
11. Family Planning
The program is anchored on the following basic 14. Leprosy Control program
principles  Leprosy Control program envisions
1. Responsible Parenthood which means that eliminating Leprosy as a human disease by
each family has the right and duty to determine 2020 and is committed to eliminate leprosy
the desired number of children they might have as a public health problem by attaining a
and when they might have them national prevalence rate (PR) of less than 1
2. Respect for life per 10,000 populations by year 2000
3. Birth spacing refers to interval between
pregnancies ( which is ideally 3 years) 15. Malaria Control Program
Mission  58 of 80 provinces: malaria endemic
 The DOH in partnership with LGUs, NGOs,  Population at risk: 12 M
the private sectors and communities  22 provinces: maintain malaria-free* status
ensures the availability of FP information  2– 4 outbreaks per year
and services to men and women who need  malaria-free: absence of indigenous
them  malaria case
Objectives
General: 16. National Filariasis Elimination Program 
 To help couples, individuals achieve their Mission:
desired family size within the context of Universal access to quality health services
responsible parenthood and improve their Program Objectives:
reproductive health General Objectives:
To reduce the Prevalence Rate to <1/1000
12. Food and Waterborne Diseases population
Prevention and Control Program Specific Objectives
 The food and Waterborne Diseases 1. To established the endemicity of
Prevention and Control Program municipalities at the end of two years
(FWBDPCP) established in 1997 but became 2. To perform Mass Treatment in established
fully operational in 1997 but became fully endemic municipalities for at least four years.
operational in year 2000 with the provision 3. To continue surveillance of established
of a budget amounting to PHP 551,000.00 endemic areas five years after Mass treatment.
The program focuses on Cholera, typhoid
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
17. National Mental Health Program information and health education to the
 It aims at integrating mental health within public, dedicated to older person and, the
the total health system, initially within the conduct of basic and applied researches.
DOH system, and local health system.
Within the DOH, it has initiated and 21. Pinoy MD Program “Gusto Kong Maging
sustained the integration process within the Doktor”
hospital and public health systems, both at  A Medical scholarship Grant for Indigenous
the central and regional level. Furthermore, People, Local Health Workers, Barangay
it aims at ensuring equity in the availability, Health workers, Department of Health
accessibility, appropriateness and employees or their children. This is a joint
affordability of mental health and program of the Department of Health
psychiatric services in the country. (DOH), Philippine Charity Sweepstakes
Office (PCSO), and several State Universities
18. Newborn screening and Medical Schools
 Newborn Screening (NBS) is a simple
procedure to find out if your baby has a 22. Prevention of Blindness Program
congenital metabolic disorder that may lead  To eliminate all avoidable blindness by
to mental retardation and even death if left preventing and controlling diseases through
untreated the development of human resource,
infrastructure, and appropriate technology
19. Occupational Health Program
 Vision/Mission Statement: Health for all 23. Schistosomiasis Control Program
occupations in partnership with the  Goal of the National Schistosomiasis control
workers, employers, local government program is to eliminate Schistosomiasis as a
authorities and other sectors in promoting public health problem (Prevalence of 1%
self-sustaining programs and improvement and below) 
of workers’ health and working
environment. 24. National TB Control Program
 Program Objective and Targets: To  In 1196, WHO introduced the Directly
promote and protect the health and well Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS)
being of the working population thru to ensure completion of treatment
improved health, better working conditions  The DOTS strategy depends on five
and workers’ environment elements for its success:
 Microscope, Medicines, Monitoring, DOT
20. Health development Program for Older and Political Commitment.
Persons  If any of these elements are missing, our
 The Program intends to promote and ability to consistency cure TB patients slips
improve the quality of life of older persons through our fingers.
through the establishments and provision of
basic health services for older persons, 25. Republic Act 7719 is otherwise known
formulation of policies and guidelines as “Blood Services Act of 1994”
pertaining to older persons, provision of  The main Objectives are: To promote
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY – LAGUNA
CAMPUS
Week
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | 1ST
YEAR
6
and encourage voluntary blood donation
by the citizenry and to instill public
consciousness of the principle that blood
donation is a humanitarian act
 To provide, adequate, safe, affordable
and equitable distribution of supply of
blood and blood products

MIXED SECTORS

 PTS- Philippine Tuberculosis society

 PCS- Philippine Cancer Society
 PNRC- Philippine National Red Cross
 PMHA- Philippine Mental Health
Association
 PHA- Philippine Heart Association

PRIVATE SECTORS

1. Socialized Medicine- funded b general

taxation, emphasis on prevention
2. Compulsory Health insurance- law
requires people to subscribe to health
insurance plan, usually government sponsored;
covers only curative and rehabilitative
medicine; preventive services provided by
government agencies
3. Voluntary Health insurance- government
only encourages people to subscribe to health
insurance
4. Free Enterprise- people have to take care of
their medical needs.