a^J 'cvhai it is

CHAPTER 2
Resulrtorrt of Porce Sgstettt^s
':.* Make
E-r:'ai ail of
i *: : lant to
e:_:::reCtly
;-,: -::ry, and lhe resullants of non-concurrcni
force

r:- sense to

!-r-::: l': -::-:--S

: t:'3s;t'e ot n"g'tio""l,:#1.1:
*e :-.:1--. -.'a=:::*=:= :'
--1=^:=3"10',!t^.llY" Mass'
:- ! :: .
- - l'3:r1' *t*:- :':' -S"C in SiatiC:S'
=
I - t ' t :-

- -' ; : :' :-: --' t't :' :-=- : ='

"
* *l,.1'-i

---h urr
^n
=5.r
S'.C":ted
e

': lrt '

= - =

-;= :: l'=CtC='
a'FixedVectorisavectorthatrepresentsaphysicatpropertyatone
Po,'lt oi sPace onlY
- r,^,^
pa*rcle
Ex. A force acting cn a a physicral property at all
b. Sliding iec"tli i3 ' "tto' that represents
on a line'
s ': - Points
Ex. A force acting on a rigid
bodY'
property at all
"'lechanics, a physical
if e'i, Prentice c. rr"" u"Iio?-,r'i u""tor- trrat ilpresents
Points in soace' a couPle'
r'er: :e Hall. Ex' The ulCtot moment of
i'.:

tu

--
Sfafics of
d Aodres

.:l::-s _;,::_:
"l : /. ;g propertigs-
. i-_^-- -

;il; ;l :':' ::;TT ?!y::{:vrx3;,,: r::H:. .,

:_::-::::r rnasnirude
316 .sc:-.,s rr._+r,;;; bur opposire
a negative yector:

_:- - -
:-: .,,
S,,Cll Cf
a
-s..nasniruo* a scarai resurrs
,n a ye*or
"nrnrl] ,::o,
ror

:!

*:--

- -: -- F:

: = la,n: <
.,p
 Resu t ta n t of Force Sysfems

2.A2 RESULTANT

Armost any system of known forces can be resorved into

--'- - 'c^lian re',ed a resurtant force or simpry a resuttant. The resurtant a singre force
- :: :€ rci-ce which has the same effect on the
ii a representative
acded or body as ttre grouf ;ilor"", it repraces.

':= :_: :pposite Resurtants can be determined both and anaryticaily.

Graphical vector addition reguires the drawing of-graphicaily
the vectors to some scale in
iheir given direction. The resultant can then-be *"r.ur.d or
scated from the
drawing. Examples of graphical method are the Parattetqii tr*
and Trianate
Law. Alternativeiy, in the analytical method, one uses tnisameiIJ"h";';#;
roughly to scaie and then solves mathematically. nnaryticat
vector addition
consists of two main neir.ods: construction of a tiiangre ,nJ
h= -: iaw or other simple trigcnc.nelr: f_rci or.:s and addit.ron of
r"* of the cosine
- i =-t^.€^.
-,'.- rul the components of
vectors. lt is important io note ttar i:. a-, l,,ren s:{stem of foi"ces,
flrere is only
t*E :r: resultant
rEf: ' :^= scalar
-?--j -: * a: co- 2,03 PARALLELOGRAM ISITII
1'.: ,:-::- Thg
-'e Parallelogram law states inai the resultant of iwo forces is
the
B* :E =:Jei to :ia::-e :':re :arailglggpgm forrned on tne i,eotors Of theSe fOrCes.
B*,
- -':r':: -'iersiand this concept, cne must know the ciefinition cf
fnr-= =---' - a.*= *; vgctoi is an arrovu that i'epresents a force by indicating boiha
-.:--
'naf,^ :-:: .-: : - - --.3 lsnqth of the veetor i.epresents the magnrtr,cj* and
- :-;.--^
,-
-:-: -*:*:: :-: :,,: .::,_-.r ai-e posltioned such that the tails a;.e
-.* -- :-- =-: :-3- :-= :=-= = -:-;- . :-r:eted by drawing iines off ihe tips
-- e=.- .'-l--:' -€ ra33r:ai cf 3g c3r-e.ieioq;-ar- ,,ryith its tail concurrent with the
1i ^--- .--^-

-;;ls c' :re l*: crig .ai vectcrs reprfgsnis

the resultant.

Figure 2.1 Panllelogram Law

i
H
 Sfafics of Rlg id Bodies

2.04 TRIANGLE C,hapre

LAW

fne tnangb bw is ,l."irils:a,A

sometimes callr
called the tip-to-tail
addition.
ii :wo r'e3:or- r.. represented
'esl ia:: ..=,.i .t ;;"=^jl- ^""^:^* as
-: -::
-.
:' ;--: s s ::.'" x.'."fl j:ffi
?iiUru o]i"m*#};
positior"o
th e r s u m o
i
r
: *':

=: t're t p-1-e-1";r addition

'- ;i:i ;Ti"J :? ,T:
*itn "'Pl.
't.

/\

Figure 2.2 Triangle

Law
- -
- t:: a' t- iesuiiant
: : '::::- s :::.rn
=: _ =- force can be ,jt
frorn the
rnec from ihe taw"r;ill,"*c iewof
*i:- - _-_:
-::
j -i --- -,r: -,:r::
.'' -
a i --
:
_
=
=-e :eiermtned from the

L--.f

tl

':--:
('- - ..
_
'_: _- --:: -
j

.d _E -:i -'-
r-- -.
-
roc ET-= t':
fosry l*.
 iilu*ative Prablem:
Fcrces of 25 N and 40 N are pulling on a ring. Determine the resultant
of
f e :#c forces.
::ri SUm Of
€::3r tc the
1
, I ']€rri o;., ia t* i r- r;' J:
d',e ::p of the 25N

ili,:/1../Z

JiE 33r3rjglCg.a,"n Zi, ii s s-t,.,^ ^ ine figure

: ':e aw of
' 3C5iC3.ie:e scale si3. 3S =::::-
' r- = 5 |r and the anoles 500

c '-:.r. the
+
:-- [ 'r

: ':' 1= ,:: :.1 .;s ng the triangle law with

-
-
; _: - - ]'netry, cne can determine the

40N
Lz.'
ai \

L
Sta:':s ;' = ? ': 5--,*es Chapter 2

- iAB cos c
. r -- - )a' - 2t4c)(25) cos 750
= 11 32N
, : -: -':.: c i qooiying the law of sines and the computed value

+.1i

, = is.zd
0 = 60.760

: :r3'eSSeCJ aS

= = 41.31;ir,6= GA.7fi?

14

A
 Resulfanf of Force SYsferns
3rc;re- 2

: ffi FOqCES AND COMPONENTS

=:ro6'*rhichactatanangleexertapu||which,isparthorizontaiandpart
:,:,=-lTeycanbesplitintotheirhorizontalandverticalpartsorcomponents'
:,, :€ -se of trigonometry'
Figure2.3showstherectangularcomponentsofforceFactingona
:.-:.:ed value ; '.-er
ooCY
I
;
t
i '----/'
t-
J

F// /i
,/i
X
tr

Figure 2.3 Rectangular Companents

force F :!oTn lir ln* flgtile

Tne rectanguiar components of a single
:r,sniermsoftheforceandtheangle#ratwt"rlcrriiisinclinedwithth*)iaxis
'= :r:resSed by'
g-nq.:;
iE . - r r'-_r'
F -i__

-..r3se cornponenrs are cnnsidered posiiive v.+!en !ir19ie1^:Ptn ]*:

i.e , upward forces are posiiive and
: -+:iic.s of the ,rt*iun"" axes,
-.'.=a ::::-r tc rhe right are positive
=

.ll-r _
 Chapter 2
F= *(ir),
v(F,)'
E lllustrative I
tan?, -'F^"
t U€l€'--r- :
: ':: j---.
-" *k^.
-
:- .---
. ' at 'S e
_--.-:c-
-. = resuttant rf ,X::f}_to a given svitern of forces on ,
r

ac3tio" or'1:s :I-.J.*

= -, rc..e ccRpcnents "rr;;;
ar,ngltritrni,'.
, 1,11
"n"."isio
spec fieci i;iiJrfl
a----. __
=_-
: - -.: i.:_- -'-'.3 ." -S,.3r .,,=
ihemethodr
: :-: rrrernod of
components
ong should
.--
? _ ,e 3iol
intO hOr_izontai
, _ _ =- -;:.zOntal
_- =
_: g;5 yo,
v'e ri c e i
con pon
Cor i
e n ts

- : t.' ::1.:, .t * p:'i:;;.. Fj -{,: :i

-= . tr.nclzcntai and vert,cj
aoro, *rnenfs to
obtafr: a single

t = * (R,J /12 Soiuttcr.

-i
:-: -:: ra,ron1,ifi, ):
oi ftre i"esuiiant
with respect
to the -, = E -^S -

tan R
0,, -:/
-R-

I
 Chapter 2 Resultant of Foree Sysfems

I ll ustrative Problem s :

1. Determine the X and Y components of each of the forces shown.

F = 750 trl
:" a rigid
generally
X and y-

);-:-:: -."e ShOUld 40u

./ P=550N
---F^_^^a^
e
T=420N
--
='t>

; :: ::i:tn a single
Soluflon:
F.,, =-7501 =-28846to
13
io the Fx=FcasA Tx =-420cos400 : -321.74tt
Px = 550cos30o :476.3'1fV

: :. id
tr'.=Fsli':tl T. - .ai !'fu
D
' = -275 h:

17

E
4rt

Statrcs o{ Rigid Eodres l"-;rlg:

oo.ces shown using the methoci of components.
2 S: ,= r-i '€S-:3r-I c':-e : D:i. :
" E1;
70 kN

5C KN

':-:.=s -:: = -;rzontal and vertical components then by

- -3 ccs 70c

- li sin 700

R= rid ;J klf
- j
--
a'= .'
-- = - = =
=
-
\-
' -:t -1
,zz-
',-
* =
-4)
41.3O

Finat ans. : R = 106.84 kl{, i. = 17.5f,

18