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Barometric Pressure

The document contains three formulas: 1) An ideal gas conversion formula to convert gas volumes from normal to actual conditions based on temperature and pressure. 2) A barometric pressure formula to calculate average pressure at a plant altitude using the altitude and a constant. 3) A Bernoulli equation to calculate air leakage through holes using the open area, air densities, and pressure difference, which can be simplified for typical ambient conditions.

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Satish Kumar
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104 views2 pages

Barometric Pressure

The document contains three formulas: 1) An ideal gas conversion formula to convert gas volumes from normal to actual conditions based on temperature and pressure. 2) A barometric pressure formula to calculate average pressure at a plant altitude using the altitude and a constant. 3) A Bernoulli equation to calculate air leakage through holes using the open area, air densities, and pressure difference, which can be simplified for typical ambient conditions.

Uploaded by

Satish Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Version Nov.

2004

Miscellaneous Formulas

Ideal Gas Conversion


The formula below is used to convert volumes of ideal gases from normal
conditions (0°C, 1'013 mbar) to the volumes Vact at actual gas conditions (T, p) in
the process.
⎛ 1'013 mbar ⎞ ⎛ T (°C) + 273 ⎞
Vact = Vnorm ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ p (mbar ) ⎠ ⎝ 273 ⎠
m3 Nm3
Units in formula above : Vact in , Vnorm in
s s

Barometric Pressure
The average barometric pressure p at a plant altitude (above sea level) can be
calculated using the following approximation formula.
5.25
⎛ Altitude (m) ⎞
p = 1'013 ⋅ ⎜ 1 − ⎟
⎝ 44'300 ⎠

Units in formula above : p in mbar , Altitude in m

Air Inleakage through Holes and Apertures


Air leakage through apertures (e.g. kiln inlet seal, kiln hood) can be calculated
with the Bernoulli equation:

0.75 ⋅ A
VLeakage ,N ≈ ⋅ 2 ⋅ ∆p ⋅ ρ Air
ρ Air ,N
with:
VLeakage,N = Leakage air [Nm3/s dry]
A = Open area of aperture [m2]
ρAir,N = Air density at normal conditions (=1.29 kg/Nm3)
ρAir = Air density at aperture ≈ Air density at ambient condition [kg/m3]
∆p = Pressure difference over aperture [Pa]

Reference Guide for Process Performance Engineers 22


Version Nov. 2004

For ambient conditions of around 20°C and 1 bar (air density of 1.19 kg/m3) the
above formula can be simplified as:

VLeakage N = 0.90 ⋅ A ⋅ ∆p

Reference Guide for Process Performance Engineers 23

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