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Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's proprietary extension to SQL that adds procedural programming capabilities. T-SQL expands on the SQL standard to include features like variables, string processing functions, and changes to DELETE and UPDATE statements. All applications communicating with Microsoft SQL Server do so using T-SQL. T-SQL introduces control flow capabilities like IF/ELSE blocks and WHILE loops. It also allows joins to be used in DELETE and UPDATE statements and includes BULK INSERT for high performance loading of data. TRY/CATCH was added in SQL Server 2008 to simplify error handling for SQL statements.

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20 views3 pages

From Wikipedia

Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's proprietary extension to SQL that adds procedural programming capabilities. T-SQL expands on the SQL standard to include features like variables, string processing functions, and changes to DELETE and UPDATE statements. All applications communicating with Microsoft SQL Server do so using T-SQL. T-SQL introduces control flow capabilities like IF/ELSE blocks and WHILE loops. It also allows joins to be used in DELETE and UPDATE statements and includes BULK INSERT for high performance loading of data. TRY/CATCH was added in SQL Server 2008 to simplify error handling for SQL statements.

Uploaded by

Sunil Yadav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to SQL. SQL, often expanded to Structured Query Language, is a standardized computer language that was originally developed by IBM for querying, altering and defining relational databases, using declarative statements. T-SQL expands on the SQL standard to include procedural programming, local variables, various support functions for string processing, date processing, mathematics, etc. and changes to the DELETE and UPDATE statements. These additional features make Transact-SQL Turing complete. Transact-SQL is central to using Microsoft SQL Server. All applications that communicate with an instance of SQL Server do so by sending Transact-SQL statements to the server, regardless of the user interface of the application.

Contents
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1 Flow control 2 Changes to DELETE and UPDATE statements 3 BULK INSERT 4 TRY CATCH 5 See also 6 External links

[edit] Flow control


Keywords for flow control in Transact-SQL include BEGIN and END, BREAK, CONTINUE, GOTO, IF and ELSE, RETURN, WAITFOR, and WHILE.
IF and ELSE allow conditional execution. This batch statement will print "It is the weekend" if

the current date is a weekend day, or "It is a weekday" if the current date is a weekday.
IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 7 OR DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 1 PRINT 'It is the weekend.' ELSE PRINT 'It is a weekday.' BEGIN and END mark a block of statements. If more than one statement is to be controlled by the

conditional in the example above, we can use BEGIN and END like this:
IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 7 OR DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 1 BEGIN PRINT 'It is the weekend.'

PRINT 'Get some rest in weekend!' END ELSE BEGIN PRINT 'It is a weekday.' PRINT 'Get to work in weekday!' END WAITFOR will wait for a given amount of time, or until a particular time of day. The statement can

be used for delays or to block execution until the set time.


RETURN is used to immediately return from a stored procedure or function. BREAK ends the enclosing WHILE loop, while CONTINUE causes the next iteration of the loop to execute. An example of a WHILE loop is given below. DECLARE @i nvarchar(50) SET @i = 0 WHILE @i < 5 BEGIN PRINT 'Hello world.' SET @i = @i + 1 END

[edit] Changes to DELETE and UPDATE statements


In Transact-SQL, both the DELETE and UPDATE statements allow a FROM clause to be added, which allows joins to be included. This example deletes all users who have been flagged with the 'Idle' flag.
DELETE FROM JOIN ON WHERE users users as u user_flags as f u.id=f.id f.name = 'Idle'

[edit] BULK INSERT


BULK INSERT is a Transact-SQL statement that implements a bulk data-loading process, inserting multiple rows into a table, reading data from an external sequential file. Use of BULK INSERT results in better performance than processes that issue individual INSERT statements for each row to be added. Additional details are available on Microsoft's MSDN page.

[edit] TRY CATCH

Beginning with SQL Server 2008, Microsoft introduced additional TRY CATCH logic to support exception type behaviour. This behaviour enables developers to simplify their code and leave out @@ERROR checking after each SQL execution statement.
-- begin transaction BEGIN TRAN BEGIN TRY -- execute each statement INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('ABC') INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('123') -- commit the transaction COMMIT TRAN END TRY BEGIN CATCH -- rollback the transaction because of error ROLLBACK TRAN END CATCH

[edit] See also

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