School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications

Term 1, 2023
Assignment 1

ELEC 2141
Digital Circuit Design

In this assignment you will work on a combination circuit design with a real world application. It will involve
applying all the techniques you have learnt over Weeks 1-4 in the course.

The gate input cost should be calculated for the simplified AND-OR-NOT expressions in the design that
you implement. You can choose the technology to implement the circuit with (e.g. AND/OR, NAND,
multiplexers, etc.). However your design for each module should aim at achieving optimized
implementation. Simulate a schematic of your design using Xilinx ISE.

Your final submission should include your design procedure, choice of technology implementation, and
simulation results. Combine all scanned copies of your handwritten work and electronic documents into
one pdf file for the submission on Moodle. This includes all design and simulation materials such as
schematic diagrams, simulation outputs and testing fixtures. All Verilog code used to simulate your
design will need to be submitted separately. Details of file names, structures to be used will be posted
on Moodle.

In your submission file include a scanned copy of a completed and signed assignment submission form
as the front page.

Any output of generative AI software used within your assignment must be attributed with full referencing.
If the outputs of generative AI such as ChatGPT form part of your submission and is not appropriately
attributed, it will be regarded as serious academic misconduct and subject to the standard penalties,
which may include 00FL, suspension and exclusion.
*To cite: OpenAI (Year Accessed). ChatGPT. OpenAI. https://openai.com/models/chatgpt/
*Please note that the outputs from these tools are not always accurate, appropriate, nor properly
referenced. You should ensure that you have moderated and critically evaluated the outputs from
generative AI tools such as ChatGPT before submission.

DUE DATE: 27th MARCH, 23:59 PM

ELEC 2141– Term 1, 2023 – Assignment 1 Page 1

 Smart Homes for the Elderly

An aged care provider close to UNSW has asked us to develop an automated system that enables them
to unobtrusively monitor their elderly residents for risks such as falls and long periods of inactivity. They
have acquired activity monitoring bands and sleep monitors that their residents can wear plus installed
sensors at their main door to control access. They would like to install a monitoring system as shown in
the block diagram below.
The system allows them to track how long a resident has slept for, whether the resident is moving,
stationary or had a fall, and if the resident tries to access the main door without an accompanying
authorised carer. You need to design a control circuit which generates alarms and notifications for their
staff based on inputs from these sensors. Specifically, you will need to design combinational circuits that
implement the three modules in green.

In the system, the user sets the resident’s average sleep duration (1-8 hours) using a keypad as below.
Each button is identified by row (Xi) and column (Yi) signals. No two buttons may be pressed at the same
time. The empty buttons cannot be pressed. The keypad decoder you need to design will convert the
button press into a BCD number.

The sensors in the system provide the following outputs from the door sensor, activity band and sleep
monitor as described in the table below. They are the inputs to the alarm circuit you need to design.
Sensor Outputs
Door (D1D0) Closed (00), authorised door open (11), unauthorised door access (10)
Movement (M1M0) Stationary (00), moving (11), fall detected (10), no activity for 2+ hrs (01)
Sleep (S[3:0],N) Sleep duration in 4 bits (0-15 hrs), sensor connected (Y/N)

ELEC 2141– Term 1, 2023 – Assignment 1 Page 2

The comparator generates a two-bit output CM coded as in the table below by comparing the average
sleep duration set using the keypad to the sleep duration from the sleep monitor.

CM Comparator output
11 Awake
10 Sleep duration less or equal to setpoint
00 Sleep duration more than setpoint

The system uses the comparator result and inputs from the sensors to generate the outputs as below.

Output Door Movement Sleep Sensor

Sleep duration less Connected
than or equal to
Closed Moving setpoint
Sleep duration Connected
more than setpoint
Sleep duration less Connected
Error (E) = 1
than or equal to
if all conditions across Moving setpoint
any of these rows are
Sleep duration Connected
true, else 0
Authorised more than setpoint
door open Sleep duration less Connected
than or equal to
Stationary setpoint
Sleep duration Connected
more than setpoint
Sleep duration less Connected
than or equal to
Fall detected setpoint
Sleep duration Connected
Check (C) =1 more than setpoint
Closed
if all conditions across No activity for 2+ Connected
Awake
any of these rows are hrs
true, else 0 Sleep duration Connected
Stationary
more than setpoint
Disconnected
Authorised Connected
Moving Awake
door open
Alarm (A) = 1 Fall detected Awake Connected
if all conditions across
Unauthorised
any of these rows are
door access
true, else 0

SEVEN Used to indicate the resident’s status on a 7-segment display. The letter E
on the display indicates an error in the system, C the resident needs to be
7-bit signal checked upon and A there is an alarm that needs immediate attention

ELEC 2141– Term 1, 2023 – Assignment 1 Page 3

To summarise, you need to design a combinational circuit with these three components:
1. A circuit that decodes the keys pressed in the keypad into a BCD digit to obtain the average sleep
duration,
2. A magnitude comparator that compares the real-time sleep duration from the sleep monitor to
the average sleep duration setpoint, and
3. An alarm circuit that generates the outputs E, C, A and SEVEN.
You can choose different technologies to implement each component with (AND/OR, NAND,
multiplexers, etc.).

Note: A magnitude comparator is used to determine the relative magnitude of two binary numbers, with
applications in numerous digital systems. In general, a comparator performs a magnitude comparison of
two binary numbers 𝐴 and 𝐵 and provides three outputs, 𝐴 < 𝐵, 𝐴 = 𝐵, 𝐴 > 𝐵 . Comparators are
available in IC form with different bit comparing configurations, e.g. 4-bit, 8-bit. More than one comparator
can also be connected in cascade arrangement to perform comparison of numbers of longer lengths.
To compare the two binary numbers, first the most significant bits (MSBs) are compared. If the MSBs
are equal, then the next significant bits are compared. However, if the MSBs are not equal, then either
A is greater than or less than B hence further comparison is not needed. For example, when comparing
two 2-bit numbers given by 𝐴 = 𝐴1 𝐴2 and 𝐵 = 𝐵1 𝐵2 . If 𝐴1 ≠ 𝐵1 , then 𝐴 > 𝐵 if 𝐴1 = 1, 𝐵1 = 0 or 𝐴 <
𝐵 if 𝐴1 = 0, 𝐵1 = 1. If the MSBs are equal, then the next significant bits 𝐴0 and 𝐵0 are compared to
decide whether 𝐴 < 𝐵, 𝐴 = 𝐵, 𝐴 > 𝐵 . The comparator overall generates three outputs, L, E and G,
corresponding to whether 𝐴 < 𝐵, 𝐴 = 𝐵, 𝐴 > 𝐵.
You will need to design a comparator that compares the four bits in BCD number and then use it to
compare the average sleep duration set using the keypad to the patient’s current sleep duration.

Optional: A hardware implementation of your design of the keypad decoder on a breadboard. If you are
interested, please sign up at the link posted on Moodle so we can arrange access to open labs in week
5 where you can test your circuit. Note this option will be available to a maximum of 38 students only.
Students who do not attend the open lab in Week 5 will no longer be eligible to receive bonus marks and
a call will be made for other students interested in this option. You will be able to test your implementation
using the BCD to 7-segment decoder you will design in the Week 4 lab. You will need to show your
validated test design at the end of week 6. A hardware implementation of the keypad decoder will be
worth up to 20% (of this assignment) bonus marks and will be marked on whether it performs as per the
specifications and efficiency of design.
- Week 4 Friday 12pm: signups for hardware implementation available on Moodle.
- Week 5 Friday: Open labs for testing.
- Week 6 Friday: Marking.

ELEC 2141– Term 1, 2023 – Assignment 1 Page 4