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Lesson 2 Conservation of Energy

This document discusses the work-energy theorem and the law of conservation of energy. It defines work as equal to the change in kinetic energy of an object. The total mechanical energy of an isolated system, defined as the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, remains constant over time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating changes in work, kinetic energy, and potential energy within a system to show that the total energy is conserved.

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23 ZACH Benjamin Isaac IV Labayen
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60 views12 pages

Lesson 2 Conservation of Energy

This document discusses the work-energy theorem and the law of conservation of energy. It defines work as equal to the change in kinetic energy of an object. The total mechanical energy of an isolated system, defined as the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, remains constant over time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating changes in work, kinetic energy, and potential energy within a system to show that the total energy is conserved.

Uploaded by

23 ZACH Benjamin Isaac IV Labayen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conservation of Energy

Objectives:
• Derive work-energy theorem
• State and explain conservation of energy
• Solve problems involving conservation of energy
Work-Energy Theorem
• The work done by the sum of all forces acting on an
object equals the change in the kinetic energy of the
object.

• Equation: 𝑊 = ∆𝐾
Deriving Work-Energy Theorem Using Algebra
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑑 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑣 2 = 𝑣0 2 + 2𝑎𝑑
𝑣 2 − 𝑣0 2
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 =𝑚 𝑑
2𝑑
1 1
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣0 2
2
2 2
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐾 − 𝐾0
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ∆𝐾
Deriving Work-Energy Theorem Using Calculus
𝑥 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = න 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 න 𝑑𝑣
𝑥0 𝑣0 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑣
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = න 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑥 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 න 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑥0 𝑣0
𝑥
1 𝑣
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 න 𝑎𝑑𝑥 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 2 ቚ
𝑥0 2 𝑣0
𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1 1
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 න 𝑑𝑥 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣0 2
2
𝑑𝑡 2 2
𝑥0
𝑥
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐾 − 𝐾0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚 න 𝑑𝑥 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ∆𝐾
𝑥0 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
Total Mechanical Energy
• Sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy

• Equation: 𝐸 = 𝐾 + 𝑈
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
• The total mechanical energy is conserved for any
mechanical processes that occurs in an isolated
system and involves only conservative forces.

• Equation: ∆𝐸 = ∆𝐾 + ∆𝑈 = 0
Sample 1:
Mass = 2 kg
A and D F and I
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈 𝑈=0𝐽
100 𝐽 = 𝐾 + 50 𝐽
𝐾 = 50 𝐽 G and J
𝐾 = 100 𝐽
B and E
1 H and K
𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2 1
1 𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2
50 𝐽 = (2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣 2 2
2 1
𝑣 = 7 𝑚/𝑠 100 𝐽 = (2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣 2
2
𝑣 = 10 𝑚/𝑠
C
𝑈 = 50 𝐽
Mass = 1000 kg
Sample 2: A
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
450000 𝐽 = 1000 𝑘𝑔 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 ℎ
ℎ = 50 𝑚

B
𝑣 = 0 𝑚/𝑠

C
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈
450000 𝐽 = 𝐾 + 200000 𝐽
𝐾 = 250000 𝐽

D
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
200000 𝐽 = 1000 𝑘𝑔 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 ℎ
ℎ = 20 𝑚

E
1
𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
1
250000 𝐽 = (1000 𝑘𝑔)𝑣 2
2
𝑣 = 20 𝑚/𝑠
Mass = 1000 kg
Sample 2: F
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈
450000 𝐽 = 𝐾 + 0 𝐽
𝐾 = 450000 𝐽

G
𝑈=0𝐽

H
1
𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2
2
1
45000 𝐽 = (1000 𝑘𝑔)𝑣 2
2
𝑣 = 30 𝑚/𝑠

I
𝑎 = 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
𝑎 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛45°
𝑎 = 7 𝑚/𝑠 2
Summary:
• Work is equal to change in kinetic energy.
• Total mechanical energy is conserved in an isolated
system.
Photo Credits:
• https://thebesttravelplaces.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/02/Scariest-Roller-Coasters-in-
the-world.jpg
• https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Less
on-2/Application-and-Practice-Questions

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