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Lesson 8 Series and Parallel Circuits

Here are the key steps to solve this series-parallel circuit problem: 1) R2 and R3 are in series, so combine them into R23 = R2 + R3 = 180 Ω + 220 Ω = 99 Ω 2) R1 and R23 are in parallel, so take the reciprocal of their combined resistance: 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R23 RT = 209 Ω 3) Given VT, calculate IT: IT = VT / RT = 24 V / 209 Ω = 0.11 A 4) Distribute IT to the branches and use Ohm's Law to find the branch voltages and currents.

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23 ZACH Benjamin Isaac IV Labayen
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145 views

Lesson 8 Series and Parallel Circuits

Here are the key steps to solve this series-parallel circuit problem: 1) R2 and R3 are in series, so combine them into R23 = R2 + R3 = 180 Ω + 220 Ω = 99 Ω 2) R1 and R23 are in parallel, so take the reciprocal of their combined resistance: 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R23 RT = 209 Ω 3) Given VT, calculate IT: IT = VT / RT = 24 V / 209 Ω = 0.11 A 4) Distribute IT to the branches and use Ohm's Law to find the branch voltages and currents.

Uploaded by

23 ZACH Benjamin Isaac IV Labayen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://spark.iop.

org/collections/series-and-parallel-circuits

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS


OBJECTIVES:
• Analyze circuit diagrams or designs
• Describe the effect of combining
resistors within a circuit
• Evaluate the equivalent resistance,
current, and voltage in a given network
of resistors connected in series and/or
parallel
• Explain how to use devices for
measuring currents (ammeter) and
voltages (voltmeter) properly
• Given an emf source connected to a
resistor, determine the power supplied
or dissipated by each element in a
circuit http://www.michaelsharris.com/electronics/we
ek1/seriesparallel.htm
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT
1. How are the components connected in a series circuit compared to a
parallel circuit?

SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

• In series circuit, all components are connected in a chain end-to-end in a


single path .
• In parallel circuit, all components are connected across a multiple path.
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT
2. How does the path of current flow in a series circuit compared to the
path of current flow in a parallel circuit?

• In a series circuit, the path does not branch out and the current flows along
a single pathway.
• In parallel circuit, the path branches out and the current splits into multiple
pathways.
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT
3. How does the amount of current flowing through a series circuit differ from
the current flowing in a parallel circuit?

• In a series circuit, the same amount of current flows through all the components.
• In parallel circuits, the amount of current divides among all the components.
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT
4. What happens to the brightness of light bulbs in series circuit compared
to parallel circuit?

https://spark.iop.org/collections/series-and-parallel-circuits#gref

• Bulbs in parallel are brighter than bulbs in series.


• In parallel circuit, the voltage for each bulb is the same as the voltage in the
circuit while in series circuit, the voltage in the circuit divides among the light
bulbs
SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUIT
5. What happens when you remove one bulb in a series circuit compared
to a parallel circuit?

https://aziza-physics.com/en/electric-circuits/

• If one light bulb goes out in series circuit, the other light bulbs stop emitting light
because no current flows in the circuit.
• If one bulb goes out in parallel circuit, the other bulbs are unaffected as current
still flows through the other bulbs.
SERIES CIRCUIT
Series circuit has only one pathway around

The voltage across all resistors in


series must add up to the source
voltage.

VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + Vn
The current through all resistors
in series must equal the source
current
IT = I 1 = I 2 = I3 = I n
The total resistance of resistors
in series must add up
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + Rn
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Parallel circuit has multiple pathways around
The voltage across all resistors
in parallel must equal the
source voltage.
VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = Vn
The current through all resistors
in parallel must add up to the
source current
IT = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I n
The total resistance of resistors
in parallel is the algebraic sum
of the inverses of the individual
resistances
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/Rn
MEASURING CURRENT
Electric current is measured in ampere
_____ using ammeter
______ connected in
series in the circuit.
_____

AT AT
AT A2 A3
A1
A4

SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT


MEASURING VOLTAGE
The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current is called the
voltage. It is measured in _____ voltmeter connected in parallel
volt on a _______ _____
in a circuit.
VT

VT
V3

V1 V2 V4
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
AMMETER AND VOLTMETER
What happens if an ammeter is connected in parallel and a voltmeter is connected
in series?

• An ammeter has a very low internal resistance. If connected in parallel, it will


create a short circuit.
• A voltmeter has a very large internal resistance. If connected in series, it will
reduce the current to nearly zero creating an open circuit.
IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS

IT = I 1 = I 2 IT = I 1 +
= I2
VTT = V11 + V22 VT = V1 =
+ V2
RTT == R
R R11 ++ R
R22 1/R
1/RTT == 1/R
1/R11 ++ 1/R
1/R22
CIRCUIT PROBLEM
SERIES CIRCUIT

Given: R1= 8 Ω R2= 8 Ω,


R3= 4 Ω, VT= 10 V
Required:
a. RT
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 = 8 Ω + 8 Ω + 4 Ω
RT = 20 Ω
b. IT
IT = VT / RT = 10 V / 20 Ω = 0.5 A
c. V1, V2, V3

VV1 = I1 R1 = (0.5 A)(8 Ω) = 4 V


1
V2 = I2 R2 = (0.5 A)(8 Ω) = 4 V
V3 = I3 R3 = (0.5 A)(4 Ω) = 2 V
CIRCUIT PROBLEM
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
Given: R1= 8 Ω R2= 8 Ω
R3= 4 Ω VT= 10 V
Required:
a. RT
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/8 Ω + 1/8 Ω + ¼ Ω
RTR=T 2= Ω
b. IT
=T / RT = 10 V / 2 Ω = 5 A.
IT V
IT =
c. I1, I2, I3

I1 = / RV1 /=810
I1 =V110 Ω=V 1.25
/ 8 ΩA= 1.25 A
I2 = / RV2 /=810
I2 =V210 Ω=V 1.25
/ 8 ΩA= 1.25 A
I3 =I =V310/ RV3 /=410
Ω V 2.5
= /4Ω A = 2.5 A
3
CIRCUIT PROBLEM
What is the combine resistance of R1, R2 and R3?

R23

Series-Parallel Circuit Equivalent Parallel Circuit


• R2 and R3 in series are connected parallel to R1.
• R2 and R3 combined to a single resistor R23 parallel with R1
CIRCUIT PROBLEM
What is the combine resistance of R1, R2 and R3?

R23

Series-Parallel Circuit Equivalent Series Circuit


• R2 and R3 in parallel are connected in series with R1.
• R2 and R3 combined to a single resistor R23 in series with R1
NETWORK CIRCUIT
Given: R1 = 110 Ω R2 = 180 Ω
R3 = 220 Ω VT = 24 V
Required:
a. RT
RT = 209 R23 = 99 Ω
R Ω= T
b. IT
IT A
IT = 0.11 =
c. V1, V2, V3 V1 = 12.1 V V2 = V3 = 11.9 V
d. I1, I2, I3
I1 = 10 V / 8 Ω = 1.25 A I210 V /
4 Ω = 2.5 A I1 = 0.11 A I2 = 0.06 A I3 = 0.05 A

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