11 II February 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49101
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

A Review Paper on Progressive Collapse Analysis

of Different Shell Structure: A Critical Review
Bhagyashree Tayade1, Dr. Girija Deshpande2, Prof. Prasad Joshi3
M.Tech Structural Engineering, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Tathwade, Pune

Abstract: Progressive collapse occurs when one of the structural members fails, causing other structural members to fail. This
leads to the collapse of all or part of the structure. Failure of a vertical structural member is the most common cause of
progressive structural collapse Explosive charges, accidents or deliberate destruction can cause the column to fail and collapse.
The analysis is performed by removing the columns at different locations one by one according to General Service
Administration (GSA) guidelines, and then evaluating the radius and column DCR values. The results concluded that the
column removed from the center is more vulnerable to progressive collapse.
Keywords: Progressive collapse, DCR, GSA.

I. INTRODUCTION
Buildings are designed first and then designed for maximum forces or tension. But if the load applied to the entire structure or to
one structural element exceeds this service load or stress limit value, the structure will fail or a structural element failure will occur.
When the load exceeds the service loads, the building or any element, such as beams and columns, fails, leading to the failure of
adjacent elements and the failure of the entire structure This phenomenon is called progressive collapse or progressive failure When
a structure is subjected to an abnormal load, one of the structural elements may be more damaged, i.e., column, beam and slab.
Failure of a vertical member or structural member such as a column is more sensitive than damage of a horizontal member such as a
beam When a vertical member such as a column is damaged by the impact of an impulsive load, the loads are distributed to other
adjacent or neighboring components of the member. If the adjacent parts of the damaged element can withstand the additional load,
then it will withstand the load, if not, it will not. If one of the adjacent structural elements fails again, the load-bearing capacity of
the adjacent elements must be sufficient, otherwise the failure will gradually increase, which may lead to multiple failures that will
damage the structure. R.C.C a building consists of elements such as column, beams, slabs, foundations, etc. These elements are also
called supporting elements of the structure Although there are mainly two types of loads acting on a structure and they are the
continuous loads (DL) and the dynamic loads (LL). Self-loading consists of the weight of permanent structural elements such as a
column; and the active load consists of the weight of moving people, furniture, etc. and wind load and seismic load also affect the
structure When an internal load-bearing part of a structure fails due to some means, such as an explosion or a car accident, which
renders the structure or component unable to maintain its structural integrity, the phenomenon is known as collapse phenomena.

II. GENERAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION GUIDELINES

According to this guideline, it is to ensure that when failure of members occurs at the commencement, this failure is referred as local
failure and this local failure can be restricted at some point so that global failure i.e., failure of whole building can be prevented.
GSA specifies locations for column removal as,
1) Exterior column removal in buildings longer direction.
2) Exterior column removal in buildings shorter direction.
3) Corner column removal.
4) Interior column removal.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

1) Jiahao Peng, Chao Hou and Luming Shen. 2022, Progressive collapse analysis of corner supported composite modular
buildings
This paper presents an alternative analysis of the load path of a multi-story modular building in case of sudden leakage of external
columns. Potential progressive failure is considered in a threat-independent approach using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis
techniques.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 599
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

The purpose of this paper is to investigate building system responses after a critical column has been destroyed by unspecified
extreme events, rather than to assess the effects of specific events A total of nine case studies were constructed with modular
buildings of 2, 4 and 12 stories. Consider three basic column deletion scenarios: corner column, long edge column, and short edge
column deletion.

2) Huu-Tai Thai, Quang Vu Ho, Wenqian Li and Tuan Ngo. 2021, Progressive collapse and robustness of modular high-rise
buildings.
A comprehensive investigation on the progressive collapse and structural robustness of modular high-rise buildings was conducted
in this study using the alternative load path method associated with a nonlinear dynamic analysis. This is the most accurate method
for simulating the progressive collapse of a structure as it can consider all sources of nonlinearity and dynamic effects. Unlike low-
rise structures, the dynamic effect due to supported member loss is more pronounced for high-rise buildings. Therefore, dynamic
analysis methods should be used to accurately capture such effect.

3) Saeed Panahi and Seyed Mehdi Zahrai. 2021, Performance of typical plan concrete buildings under progressive collapse.
In this study, the effect of typical concrete building plans (i.e., square and rectangular) on progressive collapse is investigated by 3D
modeling of the buildings using finite element software LS-DYNA and corner column removal using APM in accordance with GSA
and UFC regulations. The results show that the removal of a corner column in a rectangular building has more intense effects,
including doubling the collapse rate, 1.5 times higher axial and shear loads in the columns, reverse movement of shear loads, and
higher energy absorption than in the building. square building.

4) SOMAYYEH KARIMIYAN. 2021, Study of progressive collapse distribution in reinforced concrete buildings due to
simultaneous effects of earthquake loads and edge column removal.
This study evaluated short- and medium-rise 3- and 5-story RC structures with intermediate moment-resisting frames under
simultaneous captured ground motions and removal of edge columns.
The results show that the distribution of collapse in structures is specific, repeatable, comparable and independent of ground
motions Critical elements, failure paths and propagation in similar structures can therefore be predicted, which can be used to
provide practical procedures for strengthening or retrofitting similar low- and medium-height structures in guidelines and standards.
Later, the phenomenon of gradual collapse of structures is reduced and finally the damage can be controlled and reduced in similar
structures.

5) Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh, B.H. Abu Bakar, Emad A.H. Alwesabi, Hazizan Md Akil. 2020, Experimental investigation of the
progressive collapse of reinforced concrete structures: An overview.
This study examines various types of structures such as beam-column and beam-slab foundations, flat-frame structures, and large
buildings Many aspects including general overview, mechanisms of progressive failure resistance, evaluation of previous
experimental tests in terms of alternative load path method, types of test procedures, effects of boundary conditions, additional
reinforcing bars, seismic details, structural adjustment, infilled walls, reinforced concrete slabs and beams, demolished building ,
multi-risk, new schemes for reducing the replacement of prefabricated frames and concrete materials.

6) Ahmed M. Yousef, Mahmoud. El-Mandouh. 2020, Dynamic analysis of high strength concrete frame buildings for progressive
collapse.
This paper contains that the progressive collapse analysis of three and six-story frame buildings constructed with HSC after removal
of the central column is roughly similar to that of the same structures constructed with NSC A three-story building constructed using
NSC and HSC could not collapse if the linear static central columns were removed, while the situation changes for both six-story
buildings and both NSC and HSC.
The three- and six-story NSC and HSC buildings would gradually collapse due to the dynamic linear and non-linear removal of the
central columns. The ratio of the maximum nonlinear dynamic displacement to the maximum linear dynamic displacement for the
three-story NSC and HSC buildings after removing the columns is 1.17 and 1.18, respectively, and for the six-story NSC and HSC,
these ratios change from 1.89 and 1 to 0.86. buildings.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 600
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

7) Shubham Tripathi, Dr. A. K. Jain. 2019, Progressive collapse assessment of RCC structure under instantaneous removal of
column and its modeling using ETABS.
In this study, a direct static investigation of the resistance assessment was carried out in the dynamic breaking of a 12-story RC
building by removing four columns, viz. i.e., corner, short side, long side and interior as per GSA 2013 The column has been
removed at first floor and 7th floor respectively and the DCR reports on bending shafts as well as PMM and shear value sections are
reviewed and presented as column charts. Only the beams up to the top floor will fail in any case of column evacuation from the
first floor, and the column deflection is the main criterion for the dynamic structural failure procedure. Escape boxes in the 7th floor
main buildings 4 upper floor joists are of greater concern than the lower floor joists.

8) Hamed Yavari, Mohammad Soheil Ghobadi, Mansoor Yakhchalian. 2019, Progressive collapse potential of different types of
irregular buildings located in diverse seismic sites.
In this paper, progressive collapse studies of buildings exhibiting TI and IDVLI were carried out. More than 144 dynamic nonlinear
progressive collapse potential analyzes were performed on 72 buildings under interior and exterior column removal scenarios. These
buildings are 3, 6, and 9 stories high, with different intensity TI and different shapes IDVLI height and are located in different
locations according to the level of seismic risk. Buildings of the same height are designed for almost the same basic range according
to the relevant codes and are almost equivalent.

9) Ardian Yolanda, Zulfikar Djauhari, Ridwan, and Enno Yuniarto. 2019, Progressive collapse of regular and irregular
reinforced concrete moment frame.
In this search. The analysis involved the removal of multiple columns at a critical location in the building as determined by the
General Services Administration (GSA) 2013. Each analysis examined the required structural member capacity ratios (DCRs) and
compared them to established acceptance criteria to prevent gradual collapse of structural buildings, the DCR ratio of regular and
irregular buildings should be less than 2 and 1.5, respectively the result showed that the structure did not collapse after only one
column was removed. After this find, several columns need to be removed so that it gradually collapses.

10) Jian Hou, Li Song, Huanhuan Liu. 2015, Progressive collapse of RC frame structures after a central column loss.
A static experimental study was conducted to investigate the progressive failure of the RC frame structure due to the loss of the
central column Based on the experimental results and analysis, a simplified calculation model for the progressive failure resistance
of RC frame structures due to the loss of the central column, beams and frame plates as the contact mechanism and the spring
mechanism as the tension membrane was proposed. The tensile strength of the frame plates is higher than the tensile strength of the
frame beams, and the tensile strength of the frame plates in the short axis direction is clearly higher than in the long axis direction.

IV. CONCLUSION
As we studied the research of all authors, we conclude that the majority of the experimental studies used the static loading pattern
without considering the dynamic effect in the actual collapse process. The numerical methods for progressive collapse have been
introduced in these papers. The nonlinear dynamic effect in the simple structures (i.e., framed structures) is investigated based on
the dynamic and energy theories.

REFERENCES
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©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 601
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

[12] Leslaw Kwasniewski (2010) Nonlinear dynamic simulations of progressive collapse for a multistory building.
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structures by etabs.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 602