Major Performance Task in Statistics and Probability

2nd Semester
Grade 11 Faith- STEM

A Portfolio by:
Group 1
Agorilla, Ailysea Reja L.
Arenas, Jayden Anthony R.
Bagos, John Kervey A.
Bituin, Kim Jasmine M.
Domingo, Josh Matthew P.
Gaviana, John Phillip V.
Jimenez, Lhance G.
Saroca, Irish Christine L.
I. Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive means presenting observations about the characteristics of

someone or something, while Statistics is the science of collecting,
organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in
making more effective decisions.

Descriptive Statistics is the summary of the data shown that explains the
contents of the data. These data were collected based on the variables.

In statistics, random variables are a variable whose value is unknown or a

function that assigns values to each of an experiment's outcomes. These
variables were interpreted based on the results that can determine the
average, the value in the middle set, and the most occurring value in the data.
It is called the mean, median, and mode.

‘The Mean, Median, and Mode

The Mean is used to get the average and to get an overall idea of measuring
the typical value in the data. It also gives us an idea of where the center value
is located in a dataset.

The Median is used to determine the value in the middle set. It is also the
most informative measure of central tendency for skewed distributions or
distributions with outliers. For example, the median is often used as a
measure of central tendency for income distributions, which are generally
highly skewed. It is generally used to return the central tendency for skewed
number distribution.

Mode is used to identify the value among the given data that occurs the most.
It is also used to label or classify data into mutually exclusive categories
within a variable called nominal data. Also, by using categorical data, since
the mode is the only measure of central tendency that we can use with
categorical data. In addition, it can also be used for ordinal and discrete data.
Examples:

Table 1. The Respondents’ Number of Hours Spent in Sleeping

n =15

Mean   Median   Mode 

5  6  2 

Mean - The mean is 5, therefore the average hours spent by the respondents
in sleeping is 5 hours.
Median - The median is 6, which means, based on the results of the data, the
middle range of the respondents’ number of hours sleeping is 6 hours.
Mode - The mode is 2, which means that most of the respondents spent 2
hours in sleeping. 

Table 2. The Respondents’ Number of Hours Spent in Studying

n = 15

Mean Median Mode

3 3 3

Mean - The mean is 3, therefore the average hours spent by the respondents
in studying is 3 hours. 
Median - The median is 3, which means based on the results of the data, the
middle range of the respondents’ number of hours studying is 3 hours. 
Mode - The mode is 3, which means that most of the respondents spent 3
hours in studying. 
 The Importance of Standard Deviation

The significance of inferring the standard deviation is helpful

for understanding the measurements when the data is distributed. Also, the
standard deviation can spread across variables and be explained by many
measures.

The Importance of Variance

Variance is the measurement between numbers and the data set, and it treats
all deviations from the mean as the same regardless of their direction. This
means, the data set's variability is shown by its variance, wherein the
variance is greater in relation to the mean when the data are more dispersed.

Set A (Categorical Data)

Table 3: Respondents’ Municipality

n=30
X Frequency Percentage Percentage
Alaminos 5 0.17 17%
Calamba 5 0.17 17%
Nagcarlan 7 0.23 23%
Rizal 6 0.20 20%
San Pablo 7 0.23 23%
Total 30 1.00 100%
 Interpretation

As shown in the table, it contains categorical data which is a sort of data that
can be organized into groups or categories. This data consists of municipality
categories where the respondents live. This table shows that 5 students are
from Alaminos which is 17% of the total respondents, 7 students or 23% are
from San Pablo, and 17% are from Calamba City. There are 6 students or
20% that live in Rizal and 23% are from Nagcarlan. Given these, most of the
respondents are from the municipalities of San Pablo, and Nagcarlan.
Meanwhile, the least respondents are from the municipalities of Alaminos,
and Rizal.

Set B (Numerical Data)

Table 4. The Distribution of the Respondents in terms of the Number of Hours

Spent on Social Media

n = 30
Mean Median Mode Standard Minimum Maximum
Deviation

Number
of hours
spent on 6 7 4 2 3 10
social
media

Interpretation

Based on the table, the respondents spend an average of 6 hours on social

media, with a standard deviation of 2, this means that most of the
respondents spend between 4 and 8 hours on social media. The middle
range is 7 hours, and the most occurring number of hours spent is 4 hours.
Also, the respondents’ number of hours spent on social media is ranging from
3-10 hours.
II. Research Topic and its Variables

Title: The Effects of Social Media on the Behavior of the Senior High School
Students of Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna

Variables Discrete or Continuous

Grade Level Discrete Variable
Time Spent on Social Media Continuous Variable
Social Media Apps Used Discrete Variable

Discrete Variable is a variable that takes on distinct, countable values, while

Continuous Variable is a variable that can take on any value within a
range, its possible values are infinite, which includes all the fractional or
decimal values within a range.

III. Reflections

Josh

The difficulty in doing the task depends on how well the students know the
subject's concepts, but comprehending the instructions for the expected
output makes the process more difficult. Hence, most of the groups were
confused about how the task will be done. I admit that it was challenging for
me to think of how we will accomplish the task, because if I can’t comprehend
the

instructions, then I can’t visualize our outputs. As a student, the main goal is
to learn, it made me realize that there are things beyond my capabilities that
others possess. When someone knows exactly what is needed on the output,
I immediately reached out to them asking for help.

After knowing what should be the expected output for the task, we should
come up with a plan. In order to make a comprehensive plan, it should pass
through a series of discussions, letting everyone speak their ideas and
express their thoughts about the suggestions of others. It’s heartwarming to
see that everyone is open-minded with the ideas of anyone, not taking things
as negative.

In the following days, we were able to come up with a plan, including the
assigned tasks for each member. As a member of the group, I think it makes
the task easier if you know the strength and weaknesses of your co-members
because we will be able to utilize their abilities, making the task much easier.
Aside from that, what’s interesting in this approach is that, when someone
accomplished their task ahead of time, they could help others so that we
could maximize the time.

Given these, I consider being a committed learner as one of my strengths as

a student. It doesn’t make me less just by asking someone about something I
don’t know. It creates a unique feeling inside me about how I learned so much
about this task, not just the concept itself, but the abilities I’ve improved
throughout the process. Indeed, any task could be done by a group that
works like a team.

Kervey

Ifeanyi Enoch Onuoha stated that “Teamwork is the secret that makes
common people achieve uncommon results.” When we were told the
groupings for the major performance task in statistics and probability, we don't
know how to start it. Yes, we know that this performance task is very
challenging but if we don't work together as a group, we won't be able to
finish it well. As a group, we must work together so that we can achieve the
desired work that we want.

When we already know what output to pass, we first discussed what the plan
would be so that we could pass an early and proper output. We gave a
chance to everyone to contribute their ideas about our output. Our goal was
to produce as many ideas as possible. We listened all the ideas carefully and
then we mentioned all the ideas sheet so we don't forget them or they don't
get lost. By using this approach we improved our group work a lot and did
some creative modifications as well.
We were able to develop a plan in the days that followed, we divided the task
into smaller pieces and assign some parts to each team member. Developing
a time line is the best way to complete the task on time, so we decided for
each task when it should be completed. Now all team members know who will
do what, in what format and by when.

Throughout this performance task, I learned a lot not just about collecting
data, organizing data, and describing data but I also learned that as a group,
we should help each other and guide each other. I also learned that if
someone did something wrong, we should not blame him/her but we should
help him and

teach him/her the right thing. I also learned that we should treat each other
equally so that we can have a good relationship as a group.

Jasmine

This task helped me learn more about the topics that was discussed despite
all of the technical difficulties that I struggle with. But those struggle wasn't a
hindrance for me to finish my assigned part on time. My group mates were
also very helpful when it comes to the work. There were no problems
reaching out to them to ask about things that I need clarifications with.

Phillip

As this subject was new to me, some of the concepts was new to my
knowledge. By that, I had a hard time on understanding some topics that was
discussed within this subject. There were challenges and circumstances that
showed within the process of doing this Major PT. But in the end, I think I can
say that we succeeded in doing this Major PT.

In the process of doing this performance task, I realized that this project is
simply the summary of Statistics and Probability in a portfolio. It includes the
basic concepts in Statistics, the importance of these basic concepts, the
process on how to analyze and interpret data, and many more. Doing this
performance task made us realize of how these concepts can be used in our
future works and references. For example, on our research paper. Learning
this subject and doing this performance task can help us to organize, analyze,
and present data in a more less-consuming and easy way. Also, it allowed us
to be more open-minded within our group about the ideas and concepts we
needed to complete this task. It helped us to accumulate lots of ideas and
opinions related to achieving the goal of this subject and this performance
task.

Jayden

Performance tasks lead me to understand the lessons being taught. It gives

me tangible idea about the real outcomes of the lessons. Based on my
experiences, performance tasks has given more value than any other areas.
With that, me as a student, I am motivated to give my best whenever there is
a

performance task given. Moreover, there is a big chance that I will not fail on
my subjects because of the importance or weight allotted to performance
task. Lastly, we should accept the contribution of others because it can help
us earn the respect and appreciation of our peers, and can help us develop a
sense of meaning and purpose in our own lives. Opportunities to make
meaningful contributions support our own positive development as
adolescents while helping our friends, family members, social groups, or
communities.

Lhance

In this Major Performance Task, I learned that it is really important to be

organized especially when you are about to make a dummy data to make
your data more understandable. Also, it not only for making a dummy data,
being organized helps me to save time looking for things and will have more
time to work on important tasks. Communicating is significant for all
necessary things to unite everyone helps us to build relationships by allowing
us to share our thoughts, needs, and helps us connect to others.

Irish

This performance task helped me use the proper methods for organizing
dummy data, conducting the correct analyses and interpretations, and
effectively conveying the results. I learned how to measure, organize, and
analyze my data systematically. It guided me in my decision-making and in
being rational with it. Although it may have been somewhat difficult, with the

help of my groupmates suggestions and opinions on our task, we were able

to finish it. It also gave me a deeper understanding of our subject, statistics
and probability.

Ailysea

It is crucial to be structured, especially while creating data because ordered

data is easier to grasp. Also, being organized not only helps me create
dummy data, but it also allows me to spend less time seeking for items and
more time working on vital projects. Communication is important for all things
required to bring people together. By enabling us to express our wants and
opinions and by connecting us to others, it aids in the development of
relationships.
Documentation Process
Meetings and Plannings:
 Data and the Results:

I. Descriptive Statistics

Table 1. The Respondents’ Number of Hours Spent in Sleeping

 Table 2. The Respondents’ Number of Hours Spent in Studying

Set A (Categorical Data)

Table 3: Respondents’ Municipality
Set B (Numerical Data)
 T
able
4.
The
Distribution of the Respondents in
Terms of the Number of Hours Spent on
Social Media

II. Research Title and Variables

References

Definition of descriptive. (2023). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 

Link: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/descriptive

Ali, Z., & Bhaskar, S. (2016). Basic statistical tools in research and data
analysis. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 60(9), 662. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-
5049.190623

Hayes, A. (2022, August 1). Descriptive Statistics: Definition, Overview,

Types, Example.
Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive_statistics.asp
 Kenton, W. (2022, August 31). Random Variable: Definition, Types, How Its
Used, and Example.
Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/random-variable.asp

Mean Uses. (n.d.). https://stats.mom.gov.sg/SL/Pages/Mean-Uses.aspx?

fbclid=IwAR0BxbxpqClW0C2zNSCTjOws4QRVtwB0U29yES2bdyWgchLIou9Cc5
LYWS0

Scribbr. (2021, December 29). When should I use the median?

https://www.scribbr.com/frequently-asked-questions/when-should-i-use-the-
median/?fbclid=IwAR1OZk2

FAQs on Measures of Central Tendency - Mean, Mode and Median | Laerd

Statistics. (n.d.). https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/measures-central-
tendency-mean-mode-median-faqs.php?fbclid=I

Team, I. (2022, March 29). Standard Deviation vs. Variance: What's the
Difference? Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/021215/what-difference-between-
standard-deviation-and-variance.asp

Hayes, A. (2023, March 15). What Is Variance in Statistics? Definition,

Formula, and Example. Investopedia.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variance.asp

Thomas, S. (2023, January 13). Discrete vs. Continuous Variables: Meaning

and Differences | Outlier. https://articles.outlier.org/discrete-vs-continuous-
variables