University of the Philippines Manila

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics
MATHEMATICS I0: Mathematics, Culture and Society
Midterm Exam
March 8, 2019
SET A

General Instructions. Follow the instructions specified for each subtest. Final answers must be written
in ink on the provided answer sheets. Do NOT write anything on the questionnaire.

I. On your answer sheet, shade the circle corresponding to A if the statement is always
TRUE; B if FALSE. Avoid erasures. (1 point each)

1. The statement p → q is equivalent to (∼ p) ∨ q.

2. The contrapositive of “If I mix blue and yellow, then I get green’.’ is the statement “If I did not
get green, then I did not mix blue and yellow.”

3. The negation of ”Rosa is at most 21 years old.” is ”Rosa is more than 21 years old.”

4. “All parrots are birds. Some birds are colorful. Therefore, some parrots are colorful.” is a valid
argument.

5. The negation of the statement ”All roses are red.” is ”No roses are red.”

6. “Some dogs are hairy. My pet Donut is not hairy. Therefore, Donut is not a dog.” is a valid
argument.

7. “If all quacks are ducks, and hoots are not ducks. Therefore, hoots are not quacks.” is a valid
argument.

8. If A and B are finite sets, then n(A − B) = n(A) − n(B).

9. The collection of best OPM songs of 2018 is a set.

10. Not all equal sets are equivalent.

11. The sets R and C are disjoint.

12. The set {∅} has a cardinality of 0.

13. The set {−1, 0, 1} satisfies closure under multiplication.

14. Every nonzero rational number has a multiplicative inverse.

15. In modular number systems, 5 +3 8 = 10 ×3 10.

16. The cardinality of a finite set is a counting number.

17. The numbers 1 and 0.9 are equal.

18. In Z26 , 2 has an additive inverse but no multiplicative inverse.

19. The set of odd numbers is closed under addition.

20. By associative axiom, a + (b + c) = a + (c + b).

21. The ratio of any two consecutive Fibonacci numbers is exactly the golden ratio.

22. A snowflake satisfies both radial and reflectional symmetry.

23. If a > 1 and b > 1 are consecutive Fibonacci numbers, then a − b and a are also consecutive
Fibonacci numbers.

24. Any line passing through a circle is an axis of symmetry of the circle.

25. If a pattern exhibits radial symmetry, then it exhibits reflectional symmetry.

II. On your answer sheet, shade the circle corresponding to the letter of the correct
answer. If the answer is NOT among the choices, shade the circle corresponding to E.
(1 point each)

26. Which of the following is FALSE about the statement (p ∧ q) → r?

1
 A.) The statement is true if p is false.
B.) The statement is equivalent to (∼ r) → ((∼ p) ∨ (∼ q)).
C.) The statement is a tautology.
D.) The statement is true if q is false.

27. Which of the following follows from the statement “Some dogs are hairy.”?

A.) There exists at least one dog that is hairy.

B.) Some dogs are hairy, while some other dogs are not hairy.
C.) The set of dogs and the set of hairy animals are disjoint.
D.) All dogs are hairy.

28. Which of the following compound statements is false?

A.) 1 + 2 = 3 and 3 × 4 = 12 C.) If 1 + 2 6= 3, then 3 × 4 6= 12

B.) 1 + 2 6= 3 or 3 × 4 = 12 D.) 1 + 2 6= 3 if and only if 3 × 4 6= 12

29. Negate p ∨ (q ∧ r).

A.) ∼ p ∧ (q ∧ r) B.) ∼ p ∨ (∼ q∧ ∼ r) C.) ∼ p ∧ (∼ q∧ ∼ r) D.) ∼ p ∧ (∼ q∨ ∼ r)

30. What fallacy is it when your mom tells you “dahil sa kaka-computer mo yan” for every trouble you
get into?

A.) hasty generalization C.) false cause

B.) ad hominem D.) ad populum

31. Which of the following is not a set relation?

A.) equality B.) equivalence C.) subset D.) union

32. The statement “All even numbers are divisible by 2. Four is even. Therefore, it is divisible by 2” is
valid argument because of

A.) Modus ponens B.) Modus tollens C.) Syllogism D.) Tautology

33. This statement is not equivalent to “pigs can fly”.

A.) If it is a pig, then it can fly. C.) Either it is not a pig, or it cannot fly.
B.) It flies if it is a pig. D.) If it cannot fly, then it is not a pig.

34. JB has never seen a black cat. He then concluded that no cats are black. What fallacy did he
commit?

A.) Ad hominem C.) False cause

B.) Ad populum D.) Hasty generalization

35. Which is a valid conclusion from the statements: “All Bims are Bams. Some Blims are Blooms. All
Booms are Blims. All Bams are Booms.”?

A.) All Booms are Blooms. C.) All Blooms are Blims.
B.) Some Bims are Booms. D.) Some Blims are not Blooms.

36. Let R be the universal set. Which of the following is equal to the complement of Z ∪ N?

A.) The set of numbers that are either irrational, or rational but not an integer.
B.) The set of irrational numbers.
C.) The set of numbers that are either irrational, or a positive integer.
D.) The set of negative integers.

37. Which of the following is equal to the null set?

2
 A.) { } ∪ {∅} B.) {{ }} C.) {∅} D.) {∅, { }}

38. A survey of students in a college revealed that: 45 have dogs, 49 have cats, 15 do not have cats, 12
do not have any pets. How many students were surveyed?

A.) 121 B.) 67 C.) 64 D.) 50

39. Which of the following is not true?

A.) n(U ) = n(A) + n(Ac ) C.) n(A × B) = n(A) · n(B)

B.) n(A − B) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B) D.) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

40. Which of the following set operations is/are not commutative?

A.) intersection and difference C.) intersection and cartesian product

B.) intersection and complementation D.) difference and cartesian product

41. Which set of numbers is not closed under multiplication?

A.) N B.) Z+ C.) Z D.) Q0

42. Which number in the modular set Z42 has a multiplicative inverse?

A.) 5 B.) 7 C.) 16 D.) 27

43. Which of the following is not contained in the set of rational numbers?

A.) set of all fractions of integers with denominator not zero

B.) set of all terminating decimals
C.) set of all repeating and nonterminating decimals
D.) set of all nonrepeating and nonterminating decimals

44. Which of the following demonstrates translational symmetry?

A.) A starfish. C.) Random dots on paper.

B.) A honeycomb. D.) A butterfly.

45. The order of rotation of an octopus is

A.) 30◦ B.) 45◦ C.) 60◦ D.) 90◦

III. At the back of your answer sheet write your answers to the questions below.
(5 points each)

1. The message “VINJGWIXGBBK” was encoded using the key equation y = 19x + 18. Solve for the
decoding equation and use it to uncover the original message. Assume the conversion A = 1, B = 2,
C = 3, . . ., Y = 25, and Z = 0 of the English alphabet.

2. In a hundred words or less, what is the one lesson you learned in Mathematics 10 so far that you
think will have an impact in your life ten or more years from now? Why?

***END OF EXAM***
**Total: 55 points**