SOUTHERN MASBATEROOSEVELT COLLEGE

KATIPUNAN, PLACER, MASBATE

2nd SEMESTER
Teacher: DELFIN DENZO
Contact No. 09100842855 – Fb Page: Del Dela Cruz Denzo

Name: ________________________ Contact No.: __________________

Year & Section: _________________ Address: _____________________

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

QUARTER 1
(MODULE 1)

LESSON 1
BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER READINESS
AND RISK

Philippines: A Country Prone to Natural Disasters

The Philippines has experienced from an inexhaustible number of deadly earthquakes, volcano
eruptions, and other natural disasters. This is due to its location along the Ring of Fire, a large Pacific
Ocean region where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
Activity 1: “Count Me In”
Direction: Write five (5) disastrous events in the Philippines in the last five years that you could still
recall. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. _____________________________________

2. _____________________________________

3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________

5. _____________________________________

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Activity 1.1 Understanding Disaster

Instructions: Analyze the given images and answer the given questions below:

1. In two to three sentences, describe the given images.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

IT’S A DISASTER

Disaster is "a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and
devastation to life and property”. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and
emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definition
of disaster stresses that two elements are affected – life (whether human or animal) and property. The
effects vary – it maybe a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn
rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering
them useless and inhabitable) and the worst scenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012)

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 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is “a serious
disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources”.
Any adverse episode or phenomenon can exploit a vulnerability in the affected population or
community to create damage and this awareness will form the basis for an adequate intervention.

Meanwhile, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines disaster
as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disasters are often a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of
vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the
potential negative consequences.

Its impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human
physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together with damage to properties, destruction of assets, loss
of services, social and economic disruptions, and environmental degradation.

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 Classification of Disasters:

Disasters can be divided into 2 large categories:

A. Natural Disasters – a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as

earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme
temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset,
such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous
effects.
B. Man-made - Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are
identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions.

Subdivided into three categories:

1. Technological/industrial disasters - Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety
standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.

EXAMPLE: leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge or road

collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts

2. Terrorism/Violence - the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of
technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons
of mass destruction.

EXAMPLE : bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release of biological

agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or massive shootings; mutinies

3. Complex humanitarian emergencies - the term complex emergency is usually used to

describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such
situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of
personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution,
water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their
own homes unable to access assistance.

EXAMPLE: conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group
of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

The damage caused by disaster cannot be measured. It also differs with the kind of
geographical location, climate, earth’s specific characteristics, and level of vulnerability. These
determining factors affect generally the psychological, socio – economic, political, and ethnical state
of the affected area.

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Risk and Disaster Risk

Risk has various connotations within different disciplines. In general, risk is defined as “the
combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009). The term
risk is thus multidisciplinary and is used in a variety of contexts. It is usually associated with the
degree to which humans cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard).

The term disaster risk refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives,
health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some
specified future time period.

Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability
within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would
affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35).

It can also be determined by the presence of three variables: hazards (natural or

anthropogenic); vulnerability to a hazard; and coping capacity linked to the reduction, mitigation, and
resilience to the vulnerability of a community.

Activity 1.2 FIX ME!!!

Instruction: Arranged the given jumbled letters to identify the correct terminology. The definition
will help you to derive the correct answer. Answering this activity will develop your visual and
analysis skills. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

ANSWER SHEET JUMBLED LETTERS DEFINITION

A sudden calamitous event,
1. RTAIESSD bringing great damage, loss,
destruction, and devastation.
A path along the Pacific Ocean
characterized by active
2. GRNI FO IEFR
volcanoes and frequent
earthquakes.
An event causing great and
3. TALAYMIC often sudden damage or
distress.
Shaking of earth caused by
4. AQRHTEKEAU waves moving on and below the
earth's surface.
When lava and gas are
5. ICNLOVAC IPREOUTN discharged from a volcanic
vent.


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 Largest and deepest of Earth's
6. CFCPIAI NEAOC
oceanic divisions.
Type of tropical cyclone, or
7. OOYNHPT
severe tropical storm.
A natural event such as a flood,
8. LTARUNA RTAIESDS earthquake, or hurricane that causes
great damage or loss of life.
A sudden or great misfortune
9. ETUTODSRCIN
or failure.
Caused by man are those in which
major direct causes are identifiable
10. NMA EDMA RESTSAID
intentional or non-intentional
human actions.

Activity 1.3 Understanding Natural and Man-Made Disaster

Direction: Identify the given set of images if it is Natural or Man Made. Put your answer on the blank
space below each picture.

Classifying Disaster
(Natural or Man-Made)

"Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines" by “Military convoy" by

ochacolombia is licensed under CC chelmonette is licensed under
BY- CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
NC-ND 2.0

________________________________ _______________________________
_

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 "File:Ezra Acayan Mayon pic.jpg" by
"Toxic Metal Barrel" by azzajess
Ezra Acayan, licensed under CC BY-SA
is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
4.0
________________________________
_______________________________
_

"Motor Vehicle Accident at Clinton and "6.0 Magnitude Earthquake in

Lafayette Ave" by cisc1970 is the City of Napa" by Cal OES is
licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0

_______________________________ _______________________________

Guide Question:
Based on the presented images, how will you differentiate natural from manmade disasters? Explain
your answer in 2-3 sentences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Given the table, give a natural disaster you experienced within your locality or you had heard from the
news recently. What makes it a natural disaster?
1. Give a man-made disaster you experienced within your locality or you had heard from the news
recently.

Natural Disaster Man-made Disaster

Activity 1.4 Understanding Disaster Risk

Direction: In this activity, you must identify the classification of disaster as well as the disaster risk of
a given disaster situations. Accomplish the table below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

Classification of
Disaster Disaster Risks
Disasters
(Natural or Man- (Effects)
Made)
1. typhoon
2. war conflicts
3. volcanic eruption

4. chemical leakages
5. vehicular accident
6. earthquake
7. drought
8. thunderstorms
9. tuberculosis
10. rainfall-induced
landslide
11. floods in rivers
and coastal areas
12. avalanche
13. tsunami
14. bomb explosion

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 15. house

Now that you’ve already learned and understand the lesson focusing on disaster and disaster risk, it’s
time to work to demonstrate your learning. Are you ready? Sure, you are!

Activity 1.5 Am I Ready?

Directions: Answer the given question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Do you think you are relatively well prepared when a disaster might affect your community either
natural or man-made as well as to its effects? List down five (5) important things that you need to
prepare in order to lessen the possible danger that you and your family might encounter when a
disaster strike. Explain your answers briefly and write it on your answer sheet.

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________________________

“DOING YOURE BEST TODAY IS THE BEST PREPARATION FOR TOMMOROW”