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Mine Project Report

This document describes a dark activated LED lighting system project. It provides details on the equipment used, including an NPN transistor, light dependent resistor (LDR), resistors, potentiometer, light emitting diode (LED), and battery. It explains the working principle of how the circuit works - the LDR acts as a light sensor, and its resistance decreases with light, turning the LED off during the day. At night, the LDR's resistance increases, allowing current to flow through the transistor and turn on the LED. The system can be used for emergency lighting or street lights that automatically activate at night.

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89 views7 pages

Mine Project Report

This document describes a dark activated LED lighting system project. It provides details on the equipment used, including an NPN transistor, light dependent resistor (LDR), resistors, potentiometer, light emitting diode (LED), and battery. It explains the working principle of how the circuit works - the LDR acts as a light sensor, and its resistance decreases with light, turning the LED off during the day. At night, the LDR's resistance increases, allowing current to flow through the transistor and turn on the LED. The system can be used for emergency lighting or street lights that automatically activate at night.

Uploaded by

Alok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

REPORT ON ECE PROJECT

PROJECT TITLE: Dark activated LED Lighting system

Submitted to Lovely Professional University

BY: -
Roll no: -
Section: -

Research Supervisor
Shippu Sachdeva Ma’am
Assistant Professor
School Of Electronics and communication engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am really grateful to Professor Shippu Sachdeva
Ma’am for mentoring me at every step of my
project wherever I needed her and for providing
me with an opportunity to undertake this project
in this university and providing me with all the
bright and innovative ideas for making my project
a really worthwhile of running in an organization.
I am highly thankful for her active support,
valuable time and advice, whole-hearted
guidance, sincere cooperation and pains-taking
involvement during the study and in completing
the Dark activated LED Lighting system.
INDEX
1. Equipment………………………………………..

2. Principle……………………………………………

3. Working……………………………………………

4. Application……………………………………….
EQUIPMENT

The circuit was made with the following electronic components:

1. NPN transistor- The transistor in which one p-type material is


placed between two n-type materials is known as NPN transistor. The
NPN transistor amplifies the weak signal enter into the base and
produces strong amplify signals at the collector end. In NPN transistor,
the direction of movement of an electron is from the emitter to
collector region due to which the current constitutes in the transistor.
Such type of transistor is mostly used in the circuit because their
majority charge carriers are electrons which have high mobility as
compared to holes.

2. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)- LDR as the name states is a


special type of resistor that works on the photoconductivity principle
means that resistance changes according to the intensity of light. Its
resistance decreases with an increase in the intensity of light. It is often
used as a light sensor, light meter, Automatic Street lights, and in areas
where we need to have light sensitivity. It is also called a Light Sensor.

4. Resistors- A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component


that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels,
to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many
watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators.

5. Potentiometer- A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a


sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If
only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a
variable resistor or rheostat.

6. Light Emitting Diode (LED)- A light-emitting diode (LED) is a


semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.
Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the
energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the
semiconductor.

7. Battery- An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting


of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for
powering electrical devices.
PRINCIPLE

A dark activated light is a lighting system that is turned ON in the


presence, and turned OFF in the presence of light, just like we have in
our street lights that autonomously come ON in the night.

WORKING

This is how the circuit works, when light is shone on the LDR which
serves as the light sensor, its resistance decreases, this causes the
current following to the base of the transistor to flow to ground since
the low resistance of the LDR created a short circuit for current to flow
to ground. Since, current did not flow into the base of the transistor,
the transistor will not be biased and no collector current will flow,
hence, the LED will not come ON. This actually happens in the day.

But in the night, darkness causes the resistance of the LDR to increase,
this causes little or no current to flow to ground, thereby causing
almost all the current to flow in the direction of the base of the
transistor. This current flows through the base resistor of the
transistor. The transistor gets biased, causing collector to flow, thereby
causing the LED to come ON. This happens in the night.

The potentiometer serves to adjust the sensitivity of the LDR (Light


sensor).
Fig. 1
(Proteus circuit of Dark activated LED Lighting system in running phase)

APPLICATION

 Used as emergency lights in houses, Hospitals and offices etc.


 Used all over world in Street lights.

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