JAVA/GREEN PEACOCK (Pavo musticus)

CLASSIFICATION: -

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Galliformes
Family Phasianidae
Genus Pavo
Species P. muticus

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
Java Green Peacocks and peahens have a similar appearance. Both have an iridescent green head and
body and a tall crest, as well as light blue and bright yellow coloring on their faces. The upper tail
coverts, which cover the actual tail feathers, are very long on the males, and extend up to six feet
during mating season.
DISTRIBUTION:
 Java Green Peafowl are the closest relative to the more widely recognized India Blue Peacock. Their
natural habitat once covered a large portion of southeast Asia and included northern India, southern
China, the islands of Java, Thailand, and Vietnam.
HABITAT:

The Green Peafowl is mainly seen in open woodland and forest edges in Java, but it usually avoids
the dense rainforest. It frequents the shores of rivers and the bordering wetlands. It occurs from sea-
level up to 2000-3000 meters, but more often up to 900-1000 meters of elevation

FEEDING:

The walking during the feeding. select shading places or luxuriant trees close to feeding site,
choosing tall trees or emergent trees close to open area as roost site, open area also road as display or
dancing area, open area which grow shrubs as nesting site are javan green peafowl ecological
behavior strategies.
REPRODUCTION:
The breeding season varies according to the range.
The Green Peafowl nests on the ground, in very well protected site with good view at the
surroundings.
STATUS:
Due to hunting and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat, as well as poaching, the green
peafowl is evaluated as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
WOOD PEIGON (Columba palumbus)
CLASSIFICATION:

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Columba
Species: C. palumbus
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
The Common Wood Pigeon is the largest of
the European Columbidae species. This migratory bird is a famous gamebird during the migrations.
They gather in large flocks in the harvested fields.
DISTRIBUTION:
In the colder northern and eastern parts of Europe and western Asia the common wood pigeon is a
migrant, but in southern and western Europe it is a well distributed and often abundant resident
HABITAT: 

The Common Wood Pigeon is found in almost all-natural habitats, and also in man-altered areas.
They favor well-wooded agricultural fields in lowlands and deciduous woodland edges, and usually
avoid rocky and alpine habitats, treeless steppes and exposed coasts. 

REPRODUCTION:  

The breeding season varies according to the range, but usually occurs from late February to early
September. The nest is placed between 1, 5 and 2, 5 meters above the ground in tree fork, on branch,
in creeper in tree, and rarely on the ground even in thick vegetation. It is made with twigs and lined
with grasses and leaves, and finer twigs. It is often reused and may become bulkier after several
broods.
FEEDING:
The Common Wood Pigeon feeds on plant matter such as green leaves, buds, flowers, seeds, berries
and root crops. It takes grain from wheat, barley, oats, maize and rape. It feeds on fruits of various
plant species. It also takes numerous invertebrates such as earthworms, beetles, pupae of
Lepidoptera, spiders, slugs and snails
STATUS:
They are listed as a specie of least concern on the IUCN Red List.

OPEN BILL STORK (Anastomus oscitans)

CLASSIFICATION:

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Ciconiiformes
Family: Ciconiidae
Genus: Anastomus
Species: A. oscitans

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The Asian Open bill Stork is a broad-winged

soaring bird, which relies on moving between thermals of hot air for sustained flight. Like all storks,
it flies with its neck outstretched. It is relatively small for a stork at 68cm length.

DISTRIBUTION:

It is a resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Southeast
Asia.

HABITAT:

Asian Open bill feeds in rice-fields and marshes in freshwater. It breeds near inland wetlands.
It lives in shallow marshes and flooded areas.

FEEDING:

The Asian Open bill Stork, like most of its relatives, walks slowly and steadily on the ground,
feeding on mollusks, frogs and large insects.

REPRODUCTION:

Asian Open bill is usually monogamous, but polygamy exists. In this case, all members of
polygamous nest raise the young, and brood success is more important than in monogamous nests.

STATUS:
Open bill is listed as a specie of least concern on the IUCN Red List.

WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER (Halcyon smyrnensis)

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
CLASSIFICATION
Class Aves
Order Coraciiform
Family Alcedinidae
Genus Halcyon
Specie H. smyrnensis
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
This is a large kingfisher, 27–28 cm (10.6–11.0 in) in length. The adult has a bright blue back, wings
and tail. Its head, shoulders, flanks and lower belly are chestnut, and the throat and breast are white.
The large bill and legs are bright red.
DISTRIBUTION:
This kingfisher is widespread, and
populations are not threatened. Average density
of 4.58 individuals per km2. has been noted in
the Sundarbans mangroves
HABITAT:
IT is a common species of a variety of
habitats, mostly open country in the plains with
trees, wires or other perches. The range of the
species is expanding.
FEEDING:
 This species mainly hunts large crustaceans, insects, earthworms, rodents, snakes, fish and frogs.
Predation of small birds such as the Oriental white-eye, chick of a red-wattle lapwing, sparrows and
munias. The young are fed mostly on invertebrates.
REPRODUCTION:
This kingfisher breeds seasonally and in monogamous pairs. According to literature formation of
pairs has not been properly studies, but it is clear that one male one female forms a cooperative
relationship to raise the young. It is not clear if this relationship seasonal or lifelong.
STATUS:
White breasted kingfisher is listed as a specie of least concern on the IUCN Red List. Their large
range and abundance in common habitats suggest they are not at current conservation range.

Kingdom Animalia
ROCK DOVE (Columbia livia)
Phylum Chordata CLASSIFICATION
Class Aves
Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Genus Columba
species C. livia
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
The rock dove or rock pigeon is a member of the
bird family Columbidae. In common usage, this
bird is often simply referred to as the
"pigeon". The adult of the nominate
subspecies of the rock dove is 29 to 37 cm long
with a 62 to 72 cm wingspan. Wild rock doves are
pale grey with two black bars on each wing.
DISTRIBUTION
The rock dove has a restricted natural resident range in western and southern Europe, North Africa,
and into South Asia. The species is abundant, with an estimated population of 17 to 28 million wild
birds in Europe.

HABITAT
The habitats of rock dove include various open and semi-open environments. Cliffs and rock ledges
are used for roosting and breeding in the wild.
FEEDING
Rock dove mainly eat seeds and grains. They also eat insects, fruit, and vegetation, and scavenge
food people provide for them—intentionally or unintentionally.
REPRODUCTION
Domestic pigeons mate for life unless separated by death or accident. Females usually lay two
cream-colored eggs in a nest loosely constructed from twigs, feathers, and debris. Both male and
female incubate the eggs, which hatch after 18 days
Status
ICUN Red list - World Status: Least Concern

Kingdom: Animalia Jack Snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus)

Phylum: Chordata
CLASSIFICATION
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Scolopacidae
Genus: Lymnocryptes

Species: L. minimus
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
They have relatively shorter bill. Length is 18–25 cm wingspan is 30–41 cm and weight are 33–
73 g. The body is mottled brown on top and pale underneath. They have a dark stripe through the
eye. The wings are pointed, narrow and yellow back stripes are visible in flight. 
DISTRIBUTION
Jack snipes are migratory, spending the non-breeding period in Great Britain, Atlantic
and Mediterranean coastal Europe, Africa, and India. The jack snipe is one of the species to which
the 
HABITAT
Their breeding habitat is marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows with short vegetation in
northern Europe and northern Russia.
FEEDING
They forage in soft mud, probing or picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects and
earthworms, also plant material.
REPRODUCTION
The male performs an aerial display during courtship, during which it makes a distinctive sound like
a galloping horse. It is silent in winter. They nest in a well-hidden location on the ground, laying 3–4
eggs. The incubation period is 21-24 days.
STATUS
The population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or
three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

WHIMBLER (Numenius phaeopus)

CLASSIFICATION
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYSICSL APPARENCE
Phylum Chordata
The whimbrel is smaller, has a shorter, decurved bill
Class Aves
Order Charadriiformes
Family Scolopacidae
Genus Numenius

Species N. phaeopus
and has a central crown stripe and strong
supercilia. It is 37–47 cm in length, 75–90 cm
in wingspan, and 270–493 g in weight. A large,
relatively short-legged shorebird with a long
down-curved bill, striped head, brown speckled upperparts and light underparts with streaking on the
neck and upper breast. The underwings are light. Sexes similar in plumage, but female larger on
average.
DISTRIBUTION
This wader inhabits boreal and arctic regions of Eurasia and North America. The populations of
northern Europe, from Finland to the Urals, are wintering in West Africa. They are totaling 200000-
400000 breeding pairs and are increasing.
HABITAT
Breeds in various tundra habitat, from wet lowlands to dry heath or wet taiga bogs that have
scattered, stunted black spruce. In migration, frequents various coastal and inland habitats, including
fields and beaches. Winters in tidal flats and shorelines, occasionally visiting inland habitats.
FEEDING
Whimbrels eat berries and even flowers during breeding season. Berries are pulled off a branch with
the tips of the bill. The bird then flips its head back and swallows. Insects are eaten in the same way.
REPRODUCTIONN
Breeds in various tundra habitat, from wet lowlands to dry heath. In migration, frequents various
coastal and inland habitats, including fields and beaches. Breeding occurs May through July.
Females usually lay four eggs in a depression they scraped out of the ground and lined with leaves.
After 22-28 days of incubation, the eggs hatch. Young take about another month to fly.
STATUS
The population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or
three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. 

STREAK-THROATED SWALLOW (Petrocheildon fluvicola)

CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Hirundinidae
Genus: Petrochelidon
Species: P. luvicola'

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Swallows have adapted to streamlined body and

long pointed wings, which allow great
maneuverability and endurance, as well as frequent periods of gliding. Swallows have two foveae in
each eye, giving them sharp lateral and frontal vision to help track prey. heir body length ranges
from about 10–24 cm and their weight from about 10–60 g.

DISTRIBUTION

The Streak-throated swallow is a species of swallow found as Native in South Asia in the countries
of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. It occurs as a Vagrant in the Maldives, Sri
Lanka, and the Middle-east.

HABITAT

A wide range of habitats like open country, foothills, cultivation, and human habitations, including
towns; often near water.

FEEDING

Diet includes flies (Diptera). Forages in flocks; joins other hirundines. Flight weak, fluttery.

REPRODUCTION

Pairs of mated swallows are monogamous, and pairs of non-migratory species often stay near their
breeding area all year, though the nest site is defended most vigorously during the breeding season.

STATUS

Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Common in Pakistan, locally common in India.

SCARLET-CHESTED SUNBIRD (Chalcomitra senegalensis)

CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom: Animalia
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Nectariniidae
Genus: Chalcomitra
Species: C. senegalensis

Scarlet-chested sunbird (Chalcomitra
senegalensis) are most common in miombo
woodland and in other mixed open savannah
woodlands, usually broad-leaved. They occur
singly, in pairs or in small parties and are solitary roosters.
DISTRIBUTION
Ranges from north of Hemminghaus and from the Naukluft Mountains north-east to the Khomas
Hoch land Mountains and Windhoek. Also found in other central and northern ranges
including Etosha National Park to Epupa Falls and east to Rundu and the Zambezi Region (formerly
the Caprivi Strip).
FEEDING
 Forages at nectar sources, mainly from midday into the afternoon. Eats insects and spiders. The
widespread nectar-producing plants they favor includes torch lilies, Aloes, Cape honeysuckle and
wild-mango.
HABITAT
Broadleaved open woodland, moist thornveld, coastal bush, parks and gardens.
REPRODUCTION
Females only build a mainly dry grass and weed stem nest in 6 days. Always 2 eggs are laid from
September to November and incubated by the female for around 14 days.
STATUS
Scarlet-chested sunbird are listed as a specie of least concern on the IUCN Red List.

TAWNY EAGLE (Aquila rapax)

CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Class: Aves
Tawny Eagle is like Steppe Eagle (Aquila
Order: Accipitriformes nipalensis), but smaller and paler. are individual
Family: Accipitridae
variations in plumage colors and dimensions of
Genus: Aquila spots and marks.
Species: A. rapax
DISTRIBUTION

In Europe, we find it in extreme east of the continent. In Africa, we find it in south of the Sahara, and
some populations breed in North Africa. In Asia, they breed in the central Asia and winter in India
and Indochina.

HABITAT

In Europe, we find it in extreme east of the continent. In Africa, we find it in south of the Sahara,
and some populations breed in North Africa. In Asia, they breed in the central Asia and winter in
India and Indochina.

DIET

Like most Eagles, the Tawny Eagles are generalist carnivores and formidable hunters. Their diet
relies mainly on fresh carrion of animals that have recently been killed. They also eat insects and kill
small animals such as smaller birds, rabbits and small reptiles including lizards and snakes.

REPRODUCTION: 

Tawny eagle builds a large bulky nest. It is a large platform made with sticks, lined with grasses and
green leaves, some paper and bits of plastic. It is situated at the top of a thorny tree, usually Acacia.
It is the only African Eagle which does it regularly. 
Female lays two white or creamy eggs, speckled with reddish-brown. Incubation lasts about 39 to 44
days, rather by female and short moments by male. Chicks are covered with white down. They have
brown eyes, black and yellow bill, and yellow legs. 

STATUS

Tawny Eagle African populations have decreased, with direct predation, poison, and traps. But at
this moment, world populations are not globally threatened.

THE LONG-TAILED SHRIKE (Lanius schach)

CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Laniidae
Genus: Lanius
Species: L. schach

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Long-tailed Shrike has dark grey head and
mantle, and chestnut back and rump. Wings are
blackish with small white primary patches,
conspicuous in flight. Long tail is black and
graduated. Outer tail feathers are rufous.
Undertail is greyish. 
DISTRIBUTION
Long-tailed Shrike breeds from central Asian to Chinese pacific Coast, southern Asia and New
Guinea.
HABITAT
Long-tailed Shrike frequents open areas, lightly wooded countries, scrublands and cultivated fields.
It may be found up to 3000 meters in China
REPRODUCTION: 
Long-tailed Shrike’s nest is located in tree or in thorny bush. It may be situated at about 3 to 12
meters above the ground. Nest is a bulky, deep cup, made with twigs, roots and stems. It is lined with
fine grass and rootlets. Nest is built by both adults. 
FEEDING
Long-tailed Shrike feeds on wide variety of large insects and small mammals, birds, birds’ eggs, fish,
lizards, amphibians, crabs, and any small living animal that can be caught. It may occasionally
consume fruits.
STATUS
Long-tailed Shrike populations are not threatened.

Crowned Sand Grouse (Pterocles coronatus)

CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves
Order: Pterocliformes
Family: Pteroclidae
Genus: Pterocles

Species: P. coronatus

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
A fairly small sandgrouse which appears rather uniform colored from a distance except for darker
flight feathers the adult male has a black mask and lacks any grey tones on the neck and breast. They
are 27–29 cm long and have a wingspan of 52–63 cm
DISTRIBUTION
The crowned sandgrouse occurs in North Africa and south Asia and is found from Mauritania in the
west through the Middle East to Pakistan
HABITAT
The crowned sandgrouse is a bird of deserts, preferring stony deserts rather than sandy ones. In
North Africa breeds among dark red sandstone which matches its plumage color. Avoids areas with
too much vegetation
REPRODUCTION
The nesting site is a slight depression in the ground, sometimes lined with a few pieces of dry
foliage. Most typically, each sandgrouse pair produces 3 cryptic eggs, though occasionally there may
produce 2 or 4. Incubation duties are shared, and, in most species, the males incubate at night, while
the females sit on the eggs during the day. The eggs usually hatch after 20 – 25 days, and the
hatchlings can leave the nest as soon as the last hatchling has dried out
FEEDING
They are primarily ground-feeding birds of deserts, scrub, and grasslands. Sandgrouse do not have
many land predators. Although they are vulnerable to attack while watering, predators find it difficult
to select an attack target with their large flocking numbers
STATUS
Not globally threatened. Arabian population recently estimated at c. 6000 pairs