Republic of the Philippines

Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino

Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

Lesson Plan in Mathematics 9

Joint Variation

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
 Illustrate situations that involve joint variation.
 Translate variation statement to mathematical equation or vice versa.
 Solve the unknown in a joint variation equation.
 Appreciate the concept of joint variation in real-life situation.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Joint Variation
B. Prerequisite Skill: Direct and Inverse Variation
C. References:
Mathematics 9 (Learner’s Material) from DepEd
file:///C:/Users/User01/Downloads/Math9-Q2-Module1-Variations-
MPNHS.pdf
D. Materials: Chalk, Blackboard, Visual Aids
III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

A. Routinary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Attendance Checking

B. Review
Call twelve students to determine whether the information is direct, indirect, or neither.
Direct Variation Inverse Variation Neither
y = kx y = k/x y=x
The time a teacher spends
checking papers to the number The age of used car to its The strands of hair to the head
of students. resale value. of a person.
The number of person sharing
a pie to the number of slices of The speed varies inversely to y = kxz
the pie. time.

x 3 6 9 12 x 4 8 12 16 x 1 5 2 4
y 2 6 18 54 y 55 45 35 25 y 5 4 3 2

Brief discussion:
DIRECT VARIATION:
 Direct Variation is whenever a situation produces a pair of numbers in which their ratio is
constant.
The statement can be:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”
 In instance, for two quantities x and y an increase in y causes an increase in y as well.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.
 It can be mathematically translated as y = kx, where k is the constant variation.

INVERSE VARIATION:
 Inverse Variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers whose product
is constant. The statement y varies inversely to x translates to y = k/x, where k is constant
of the variation.
 In instance, for two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y and vice
versa.
C. Lesson Proper

JOINT VARIATION:
 Joint Variation is similar to direct variation. However it is the relationship of three
variables, where one variable varies directly as the product of two or more variables.
 For example;
 Did you know Isaac Newton?
One of his discoveries is the law of motion.
-Law of Inertia
-Law of Acceleration
-Law of interaction

This is the best example for joint variations.

-Motion problem involving the relationship between the distance, rate and time.

 For instance, for three quantities x, y and z, an increase in y causes an increase in x

and z as well. Similarly, a decrease in y causes a decrease in x and z.
The statement can be:
“y varies directly to x and z.”
“y varies jointly as x and z”
 It can be mathematically translated as y = kxz or k = y/xz, where k is the constant
variation.

For example:
Translating each statement into a mathematical equation; where k is the constant
variation.

Statement Mathematical Equation

 r varies jointly with s and the cube of u  r = ksu3
 q varies jointly with t and f  q = ktf
 a varies jointly with b and the square of  a = kbc2
c
 m varies jointly as n and the square root of  m = kn√p
p
 The area of rectangle varies jointly as  a = klw
the length and width.
Illustrative Example:
1. Find the equation of variation where y varies jointly as x and z; where
y = 90, x = 6 and z = 3.

Given:
y = 90 x=6 z=3

Mathematical Equation:
y = kxz

Solution:
90 = k(6)(3) By substitution
90 = k(18) By multiplication property
5=k By Multiplication Property of Equality
k=5 By Symmetric Property
Therefore, the required equation of variation is y = 5xz.

2. Assume r varies jointly with s and the cube of u. If r = 240, k = 10 and

s = 3, find the value for u.

Given:
r = 240 k = 10 s=3

Mathematical Equation:
r = ksu3

Solution:
240 = 10(3)u3 By substitution
3
240 = 30u By multiplication property
8 = u3 By Multiplication Property of Equality
2=u By taking the cube root both side of the equation
u=2 By Symmetric Property
Hence, u = 2, when the equation of variation is r = ksu3 where r =
240, k =10 and s = 3.

3. The area of rectangle varies jointly as the length and width, whose the area is 273
square cm, when length = 3 cm and width = 13 cm. Find the area of the rectangle
whose length is 5 cm and width is 7.

Given:
STEP 1: Solve for k; where k is the constant variation.
Let a = area, l = length and w = width
Therefore;
a = 273 sq. cm l = 3 cm w = 13 cm

Illustration: 13 cm

273 sq. cm
3 cm

Mathematical Equation:
 a = klw

Solution:
273 = k(3)13 By substitution
273 = k(39) By multiplication property
7=k By Multiplication Property of Equality
k=7 By Symmetric Property
Clearly, the constant variable k = 7.

STEP 2: Solve for the area of second rectangle.

Let k = constant variable, l = length and w = width
Therefore;
k=7 l = 5 cm w = 7 cm

Illustration: 7 cm

area = ?
5 cm

Mathematical Equation:
a = klw

Solution:
a = 7(5)7 By substitution
a = 7(35) By multiplication property
a = 245 sq. cm By multiplication property
Therefore the area of rectangle whose k = 7, l = 5 and w = 7 is
245 sq. cm.
IV. EVALUATION
Directions: In ½ crosswise sheet of paper, translate the following statement to Mathematical
Equation or Vice Versa. (Copy the given and Answer).

V
1. k = ; where V – electrical voltage, I – current and R – resistance.
IR
2. 12a varies jointly to b and fourth root of c.
3. The area ‘A’ of a triangle varies jointly as its base ‘b’ and height ‘h’.
C
4. 12 = ; where C – shipping package's cost in dollars, w – weight and s –
ws
size of package.
5. The volume ‘V’ of a cone varies jointly as area of the base ‘B’ and height ‘h’.
 ANSWERS:
1. The electrical voltage V varies jointly as the current ‘I’ and the resistance ‘R’.

12 a
2. k = or 12a = kb ∜ c
b∜ c
A
3. k = or A = kbh
bh
4. The shipping cost in dollars ‘C’ for a package varies jointly as its weight ‘w’
and size ‘s’ where the constant variable is 12.
V
5. k = or V = kBh
Bh

V. ASSIGNMENT
Directions:

In short bondpaper, create one real life application of joint variation with
complete solutions.

PREPARED BY:

PANGILINAN, LYNSEY D .

BSED 3C MATHEMATICS