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Classification of Mountains, Types of Folds

Mountains form in different ways and can be classified in various manners. They may form at plate boundaries due to collision and folding of the Earth's crust. Fold mountains make up most of the world's mountains and occur where tectonic plates push together, warping the land into mountain ranges. Mountains can be classified based on their origin as either fold, block, dome, or volcanic mountains. They can also be classified by location as coastal, inland, or oceanic mountains and by height as low, rough, or high mountains. Common types of folds that form mountains include anticlines, synclines, domes, basins, and monoclines.

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142 views67 pages

Classification of Mountains, Types of Folds

Mountains form in different ways and can be classified in various manners. They may form at plate boundaries due to collision and folding of the Earth's crust. Fold mountains make up most of the world's mountains and occur where tectonic plates push together, warping the land into mountain ranges. Mountains can be classified based on their origin as either fold, block, dome, or volcanic mountains. They can also be classified by location as coastal, inland, or oceanic mountains and by height as low, rough, or high mountains. Common types of folds that form mountains include anticlines, synclines, domes, basins, and monoclines.

Uploaded by

Rodalyn Barro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Earth Science

Mountains
Subject Matter
Classification of
Mountains

Types of Folds
Mountains
It is a natural earth elevation, which
usually has one or several peaks at
the top.

It is a landform that rises to a height


of at least 1,000 feet (300 meters)
above its surroundings.
Mountains

Mountains form where two


continental plates collide.

As the plates continue to collide,


mountains will get taller and taller.
Classification of

Mountains
Classification of Mountains
On the basis of
mode of origin
On the basis of
location
On the basis of
height
Classification of Mountains

On the basis of
mode of origin
Fold Mountains

It is created where two of


Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed
together.
Wildhauser Schafberg (Switzerland)
https://www.earthreminder.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/folded-mountains.jpg
Block Mountains

Originated by tensile forces


leading to the formation of rift
valleys.
Sierra Nevada Mountains (North America)
https://www.earthreminder.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/folded-mountains.jpg
Dome Mountains

Originated by magmatic intrusions


and up-warping of the crustal
surface.
The Black Hills (United States)
Volcanic Mountains

Formed due to volcanic


activity.
Mount Mayon (Albay, Philippines)
Residual Mountains

These are the remnants of old


fold mountains derived as a result
of denudation (strip of covering).
Sierra Morena Mountains (Spain)
Classification of Mountains

On the basis of
mode of location
Coastal Mountains

These are a string of mountain


ranges along the coastal area.
Mountain range is a chain of
mountains that are close together.
Sierra Madre (Philippines)
Inland Mountains

These are mountains that are


completely surrounded by land.
Altai mountains (Asia)
Altai mountains (Asia)
Oceanic Mountains

These are found on continental


shelves and ocean floors.
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Classification of Mountains

On the basis of
mode of height
Low Mountains

Height ranges between 700m


to 1,000m.
Mount Makiling, Laguna
Rough Mountains

Height ranges between 1,000m


to 1,500m.
Mount Arayat, Pampanga
Rugged Mountains

Height ranges between 1,500m


to 2,000m.
Mount Bulusan, Sorsogon
High Mountains

It's general height is above


2,000m.
Mount Apo, Davao Del Sur, Cotabato
Types of

Folds
Fold Mountains
Most common type of
mountain in the world.

It is the result where two of


Earth's tectonic plates are
pushed together.
Fold Mountains
At these colliding, compressing
boundaries, rocks and debris are
warped and folded into rocky
mountains, and entire mountain
ranges.
Fold Mountains

Fold mountains are created through a


process called orogeny.
Fold Mountains
Most fold mountains are composed
primarily of sedimentary rock
and metamorphic rock formed
under high pressure and relatively
low temperatures.
Fold Mountains

Many fold mountains are also


formed where an underlying layer
of ductile minerals, such as
salt, is present.
Types of Folds

Anticline
∩
has a -shape, with the
oldest rocks in the center of
the fold. It is the layers of
rock that have folded into
a hill or crest.
Types of Folds

Syncline
is a U-shape, with the
youngest rocks in the
center of the fold.
Types of Folds

Dome
is a series of symmetrical
anticlines, roughly shaped
like half a sphere. Like an
anticline, the oldest rocks in a
dome are found in the center.
Types of Folds

Basin
is a depression, or dip, in
Earth’s surface. Like a
syncline, a basin has its
youngest rocks in its center.
Types of Folds

Monocline
is a type of fold in which all
rock layers incline, or dip, in
the same direction.
Types of Folds

Chevron
is a sharp, straight fold
where rock layers look like
zig-zags.
Types of Folds

Slump
is a result of slope failure.
The slope failure happened
when sediments were soft,
before they became a single
mass of rock.
Types of Folds

Ptygmatic
folds are a type of slump fold
created where the
folding material is much more
viscous than the material
surrounding it.
Types of Folds

Disharmonic
folds describe rock
formations in which different
rock layers have different
fold shapes.
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