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    Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

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    Dhananjay Chandrashekhar Kajale
    The document outlines the main phases of a compiler: 1) Lexical analysis scans the source code and converts it to tokens. 2) Syntax analysis parses the tokens and generates a parse tree. 3) Semantic analysis checks the parse tree for semantic correctness. 4) Intermediate code generation outputs an abstract machine code. 5) Code optimization removes unnecessary code and arranges statements. 6) Code generation maps the optimized code to machine language instructions.

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    Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    Uploaded by

    Dhananjay Chandrashekhar Kajale
    80 views3 pages
    The document outlines the main phases of a compiler: 1) Lexical analysis scans the source code and converts it to tokens. 2) Syntax analysis parses the tokens and generates a parse tree. 3) Semantic analysis checks the parse tree for semantic correctness. 4) Intermediate code generation outputs an abstract machine code. 5) Code optimization removes unnecessary code and arranges statements. 6) Code generation maps the optimized code to machine language instructions.

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    The document outlines the main phases of a compiler: 1) Lexical analysis scans the source code and converts it to tokens. 2) Syntax analysis parses the tokens and generates a parse tree. 3) Semantic analysis checks the parse tree for semantic correctness. 4) Intermediate code generation outputs an abstract machine code. 5) Code optimization removes unnecessary code and arranges statements. 6) Code generation maps the optimized code to machine language instructions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views3 pages

    Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    Uploaded by

    Dhananjay Chandrashekhar Kajale
    The document outlines the main phases of a compiler: 1) Lexical analysis scans the source code and converts it to tokens. 2) Syntax analysis parses the tokens and generates a parse tree. 3) Semantic analysis checks the parse tree for semantic correctness. 4) Intermediate code generation outputs an abstract machine code. 5) Code optimization removes unnecessary code and arranges statements. 6) Code generation maps the optimized code to machine language instructions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    3/1/23, 1:41 PM Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    The compilation process is a sequence of various phases. Each phase takes input from its previous
    stage, has its own representation of source program, and feeds its output to the next phase of the
    compiler. Let us understand the phases of a compiler.

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compiler_design/compiler_design_phases_of_compiler.htm 1/3
    3/1/23, 1:41 PM Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    Lexical Analysis
    The first phase of scanner works as a text scanner. This phase scans the source code as a stream
    of characters and converts it into meaningful lexemes. Lexical analyzer represents these lexemes in
    the form of tokens as:

    <token-name, attribute-value>

    Syntax Analysis
    The next phase is called the syntax analysis or parsing. It takes the token produced by lexical
    analysis as input and generates a parse tree (or syntax tree). In this phase, token arrangements are
    checked against the source code grammar, i.e. the parser checks if the expression made by the
    tokens is syntactically correct.

    Semantic Analysis
    Semantic analysis checks whether the parse tree constructed follows the rules of language. For
    example, assignment of values is between compatible data types, and adding string to an integer.
    Also, the semantic analyzer keeps track of identifiers, their types and expressions; whether
    identifiers are declared before use or not etc. The semantic analyzer produces an annotated syntax
    tree as an output.

    Intermediate Code Generation


    After semantic analysis the compiler generates an intermediate code of the source code for the
    target machine. It represents a program for some abstract machine. It is in between the high-level
    language and the machine language. This intermediate code should be generated in such a way
    that it makes it easier to be translated into the target machine code.

    Code Optimization
    The next phase does code optimization of the intermediate code. Optimization can be assumed as
    something that removes unnecessary code lines, and arranges the sequence of statements in order
    to speed up the program execution without wasting resources (CPU, memory).

    Code Generation
    In this phase, the code generator takes the optimized representation of the intermediate code and
    maps it to the target machine language. The code generator translates the intermediate code into a
    sequence of (generally) re-locatable machine code. Sequence of instructions of machine code
    performs the task as the intermediate code would do.

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compiler_design/compiler_design_phases_of_compiler.htm 2/3
    3/1/23, 1:41 PM Compiler Design - Phases of Compiler

    Symbol Table
    It is a data-structure maintained throughout all the phases of a compiler. All the identifier's names
    along with their types are stored here. The symbol table makes it easier for the compiler to quickly
    search the identifier record and retrieve it. The symbol table is also used for scope management.

    https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compiler_design/compiler_design_phases_of_compiler.htm 3/3

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