CAPS

LIFE SCIENCES
DIAGRAMS, LABELS & FUNCTIONS BOOK
GRADE 12
PAPER 1
By: NP Mbhele

Responding
Responding
to the
Reproductive to the
Strategies
Environment
Environment
by plants
by human
Endocrine
Human System &
Reproduction Homeostasis

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 1.
The structure of a male reproductive system.

E.
F.
.
.

D.
.

C.
G.
. 1
.

B.
.
I..

A.
.
J..

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 2.
The structure of a human sperm cell.
Each sperm cell is made up of a head, middle portion (neck) and a long tail.

The middle portion contains The head is mostly made up of the nucleus
The long tail allows the sperm cell to propel
mitochondria which provide energy which contains 22 autosomes and one sex
itself forward (to swim) through fluid.
for the movement of the sperm cell. chromosome (X or Y).

D. long tail middle head

.

C. B.
. .
mitochondria nucleus acrosome A.
.
The acrosome (also in the
mitochondria provide energy for the head) contains enzymes
Contains hereditary
movement of the sperm cell. that dissolve the outer
information from th father
layer of the egg allowing
The nucleus which contains
fertilisation to occur.
22 autosomes and one sex
chromosome (X or Y).
The structure of a sperm cell

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 3.
The structure of a female reproductive system

F.
.
G.
.

E.
.
D.
.

C.
.
B.
.

A.
.
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 4.
The structure of a human egg (ovum)
Each ovum is made up of follicle cells, a layer of jelly, cytoplasm and a haploid nucleus.

follicle cells A.
Nucleus: .
Contains hereditary information from the mother
The nucleus contains 22 autosomes and one sex
nucleus
chromosome (X)
4
B.
cytoplasm Cytoplasm:
.
Contains substances like salts, gases, proteins,
carbohydrates and fats that is needed by ovum cell
The cytoplasm nourishes the egg
layer of jelly

Jelly layer allows the sperm to penetrate and

C. enter the ovum free
.
The jelly layer provides protection for the early
developmental stages of the fertilised egg

The structure of an ovum

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 5.

C.
.
A.
.

D.
B.
.
.

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 6.

2.

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 7.

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 8.
Development of the foetus
E.

B.
.
A.
. C.
.

A.
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8

B.
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C.
.
D.
D. .
.

E.
E. .
.

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 9.
The foetus and its extra-embryonic membranes
The foetus contains extra-embryonic membranes and other structures which aid in the development of the embryo Figure 11 below:

Two umbilical arteries which carry C.

B Placenta allows for substances to be
. transferred by diffusion between the
deoxygenated blood and waste products from
mother and foetus without any blood
fallopian tube
the foetus to the placenta. being in direct contact. This means
ical cord placenta that the mother and foetus’ blood
One umbilical veinumbil
which carries oxygenated
never actually mixes.
blood, nutrients, water and other substances
B. • It is the point of attachment
from the placenta to the foetus.
. uterus of the foetus to the mother
• It allows for diffusion of
amniotic fluid foetus nutrients from the mother to
A. the foetus 9
.
. The amniotic fluid has the following functions: • It allows for the diffusion of
• Protects the foetus against mechanical oxygen from the mother to
injury (shock-absorber)
the foetus and for the
• Prevents dehydration
• Maintains the temperature of the foetus diffusion of carbon dioxide
cervix from the foetus to the
• Allows for free-movement of the foetus as
it grows and develops vagina mother (gas exchange)
• It allows for the diffusion of
amnion waste products from the
foetus to the mother
• After 12 weeks, the placenta
The foetus and its extra-embryonic membranes
secretes progesterone to
maintain the pregnancy
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 10.
THE BRAIN

A.
. B.
.

10
C.
.

E.
.

D.
.

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 11.
THE NUERONS

. D

. C
.
B .
.
. E
H .
. .
. F .
. G
.
. . 11
. Synapse

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 REFLEX ARCH 12.

A.
C.
.
. RSIME

B.
12
.

E.
.

D.
.

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 13.
THE EYE

E G.
.. .
D.
.
H.
.

C.
.
13

I..
B.
.

J..

A.
.

K.
.
N. M. L..
. .

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 14.
ACCOMODATION

14

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 15.
PUPILLARY MACHANISM

15

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 16.

PUPILLARY MACHANISM

16

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PUPILLARY MACHANISM
17.

17

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 VISUAL DEFECTS 18.

A.
.

18

B.
.

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 THE EAR 19.
C.
.

F.
D .
B. . E.
. . .

A.
. 19

H.
. I..
J..

G.
.

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 20.

1.
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2.
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3.
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20

4.
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5.
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6.
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 21.

21

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 22.

1.
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2.
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22
3.
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4.
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5.
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 23.

HEARING DEFECTS

23

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HEARING DEFECTS 24.

24

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 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 25.
1.
. 4.
.

2.
.

3.
.
25
5.
.

6.
.
7.
.

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 26.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK OF THYROXIN LEVELS

26

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 27.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK OF GLUCOSE LEVELS

27

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 28.
THERMOREGULATION

1 8

7 . 7 .
. . . .
. .
2
2
. .
. .
28

. 3
6
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. .
4
6 .
. .
. 4
.
. .
5 .
. 5

. .
.

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 29.
TROPISM IN PLANTS

A
.
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B
.
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29
1

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2
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3
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4
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.5
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.6
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.7
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8.

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