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    Digit Span Experiment

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    Bilal Pervaiz

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    Digit Span Experiment

    Uploaded by

    Bilal Pervaiz
    579 views7 pages

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    Digit Span experiment.docx

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    579 views7 pages

    Digit Span Experiment

    Uploaded by

    Bilal Pervaiz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Experiment # 7

    Digit Span
    Problem Statement

    To study the forward and backward memory for digit span.

    Introduction

    � Author name, year, experiment-intro, background, purpose, nature, rationale.

    Literature Review

    The purpose of this study, which involved a sample of 403 adult participants, was to
    investigate the links between measurements of digit span (forward and reversed), motor span,
    and spatial span, as well as how these variables relate to a wide range of measures of cognitive
    performance. According to the tradition of working memory, digit span is thought to be primarily
    dependent on a component of working memory that is used to maintain phonological information
    (i.e. the phonological loop).The findings showed that whereas motor and spatial span
    measurements and assessments of digit span are strongly connected, these pairs of memory span
    measurements are mostly independent of one another. Also, the reverse digit span, the motor
    span, and what could be described as executive or intellectual cognitive functions appear to be
    important for spatial span. As a result, the findings offer little evidence to support explanations
    of serial recall, which contend that order and/or item information are better modelled in a
    modality-independent way. (John A. Groeger, David Field, Sean M. Hammond, 1999)

    One of the first and most popular neuropsychological tests of short-term verbal memory
    is the digit span (DS), which measures forward and backward movement of the fingers. We
    measured digit span (DS) in two trials that used performance-adapted list length adjustment and
    computerized presentation of randomized auditory digits. Participants ranged in age from 18 to
    65 yrs (mean age = 46.5 years) with an average of 12.5 years of education A new mean span
    (MS) metric of DS was created, and when compared to conventional DS measures, it
    demonstrated lower variation, increased test-retest reliability, and higher correlations with the
    results of other neuropsychological tests. Moreover, the MS metric improved the sensitivity of
    comparisons between forward and backward spans, allowed the establishment of normative
    performance standards with sub digit precision, and clarified changes in DS performance with
    age and educational attainment. The accuracy of DS evaluations of short-term verbal memory is
    greatly improved by automated stimulus delivery and enhanced scoring measures. The results
    indicates that he reliability and accuracy of digit span evaluations of short-term verbal memory
    can be greatly improved by using computer-controlled measures of digit span that are
    administered by the examiner. (Woods, Kishiyama, & Yund, 2011)

    Methodology

    Hypothesis

    Memory span is larger for forward digit span than the memory for backward digit span

    Independent Variable

    Sequence of retrieval

    Dependent Variable

    Memory span

    Sample/subject

    This experiment involved a sample of two people, one of them served as the
    experimenter and other served as subject. 🡪 Edit it accordingly

    Instruments/Tools

    Paper, pencil, digit span list and note sheet.

    Procedure

    Begin by explaining the task to the participant. Let them know that you will read a
    sequence of digits aloud, and that their task is to remember the digits and then repeat them back
    in the same order. Explain that the number of digits will increase each time they are able to
    correctly repeat back the sequence. This experiment has two groups, first one is control group
    and second one is experimental group. The experimental group will do 2 forward trail and 2
    backward means totals 4 trail while the control group will do only one time backward and one
    time forward. In this experiment, the experimented reads a sequence of numbers placed in front
    of the subject and asked the subject to repeat the same sequence back to the experimenter in
    order (forward span) or in reverse order in five to six trials until subject can’t remember the
    complete sequence, or until subject repeat it incorrectly. Meanwhile the experimenter notes the
    recall score. From the table of contents in tabular form we get performance, the experimenter
    derives the highest score. of forward and backward memory span and write in a separate table. In
    this experiment all ethical considerations were followed. Subject was given only one chance to
    memorize the stimulus, no second chance was given to the subject.

    Results

    Quantitative Analysis

    Table 1

    Forward Memory Span of Control Group

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 1 3,4,8 3
    2,3,4,8 1 2,3,48 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 1 3,4,2,9,7,1 6
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 1 9,3,6,4,7,1 6
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 1 9,4,6,3,4,2,1,8,7 8
    Table 2

    Backward Memory Span of Control Group

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 1 8,4,3 3
    2,3,4,8 1 8,4,3,2 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 1 1,7,9,2,4,3 6
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 1 1,7,4,6,3,9 6
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 1 7,8,1,5,3,6,4,9 8
    Table 3

    Forward Memory Span of Experimental Group (Trial 1)

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 1 3,4,8 3
    2,3,4,8 1 2,3,4,8 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 1 3,4,2,9,7,1 6
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 1 9,3,6,4,5,7,1 7
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 1 9,3,6,4,5,7,1,8,7 9
    Table 4

    Backward Memory Span of Experimental Group (Trial 1)

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 1 8,4,3 3
    2,3,4,8 1 8,4,3,2 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 1 1,7,9,2,3,4 4
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 1 1,7,5,4,6,3,9 7
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 1 7,8,1,2,5,2,3,4,9 7
    Table 5

    Forward Memory Span of Experimental Group (Trial 2)

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 2 3,4,8 3
    2,3,4,8 2 2,3,4,8 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 2 3,4,2,9,7,1 6
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 2 9,3,6,4,5,7,1 7
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 2 9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 9
    Table 6

    Backward Memory Span of Experimental Group (Trial 2)

    Stimulus Trail Recall Score


    3,4,8 2 8,4,3 3
    2,3,4,8 2 8,4,3,2 4
    3,4,2,9,7,1 2 1,7,9,2,4,3 6
    9,3,6,4,5,7,1 2 1,7,5,4,6,3,9 7
    9,4,6,3,5,2,1,8,7 2 7,8,1,2,3,6,4,9 7
    Table 7

    Maximum Forward and Backward Memory Span

    Sequence of Recall Memory Span


    Experimental Group
    Forward memory span (Trial 1)
    Backward memory span (Trial 1)
    Forward memory span (Trial 2)
    Backward memory span (Trial 2)
    Control Group
    Forward memory span
    Backward memory span
    Qualitative Analysis

    Discussion

    � Discuss hypothesis (accept or reject), match or contrast literature researches results and
    your findings (support or against).
    References

    John A. Groeger, David Field, Sean M. Hammond. (1999). Measuring Memory Span.
    International Journal of Psychology, 34(5-6), 359-363.

    Woods, D. L., Kishiyama, M. M., & Yund, E. W. (2011). Improving digit span assessment of
    short-term verbal memory. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,
    33(1), 101-111.

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