University of Rizal System

Morong Campus
College of Engineering

POWERPLANT AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

PROBLEM SOLVING 1

Degree/Program: BS-Mechanical Engineering AY/Semester:

Course Name: Professional Proficiency Development Course Sec:
Date: 03-01-2023 Time Duration: 1.5 hrs.
Instructor’s Name: Engr. Cabubas Total Mark:
Student’s Name: _____________________________

Instruction: Solve the following problems and blacken the letter’s circle on the provided answer sheet. Enjoy while
answering your quiz.

1. C = 84.8%, AND H2 = 15.2%, respectively, are the a. 197.1 x10^6 kWh, 4.11
percentage compositions of the liquid fuel sample by b. 201.1 x10^6 kWh, 3.12
weight. Calculate the nitrogen’s volumetric c. 197.1 x10^6 kWh, 3.12
composition if 15% more air is provided. d. 201.1 x10^6 kWh, 1.12
a. 50.40 percent e. 197.1 x10^6 kWh, 1.12
b. 43.40 percent 8. A 50 MW power plant’s peak load is 39 MW. It
c. 84.60 percent provides power via four transformers with coupled
d. 94.60 percent loads of 17, 12, 9, and 10 megawatts. These
e. 16.40 percent transformers’ maximum demands are 15, 10, 8 and
2. A sample of coal has a percentage composition of C 9 MW, respectively. Find the energy supplied per
= 90, H2 = 3.5, O2 = 3.0, N2 = 1.0, S = 0.5, the year and the power station use factor if the yearly
remainder being ash. Calculate the minimal amount load factor is 50% and the plant is operational for
of air required to burn 1 kilogram of this fuel. 65% of the year.
a. 10.54 kg a. 270.82 x 10^6 kWh, 40%
b. 15.54 kg b. 370.82 x 10^6 kWh, 40%
c. 12.54 kg c. 170.82 x 10^6 kWh, 60%
d. 13.54 kg d. 150.82 x 10^6 kWh, 60%
e. 11.54 kg e. 270.82 x 10^6 kWh, 60%
3. CO2 = 14%, CO = 1%, O 2 = 5%, and N2 = 80% in a 9. A generating station’s annual output is 500 x 106
volumetric analysis of a fuel gas. Calculate the kWh, and the average load factor is 0.7. What is the
composition of the fuel gas based on the weight of cost per kWh of electricity at the busbar if annual
CO. fixed costs are $ 50 per kW of installed plant and
a. 15.9% annual operating charges are $5 per kWh?
b. 10.6% a. $ 0.088/kWh
c. 93% b. $ 0.078/kWh
d. 0.93% c. $ 0.018/kWh
e. 1.56% d. $ 0.038/kWh
4. The final examination of a dry coal burned in a boiler e. $ 0.058/kWh
gauge shows C = 84%, H2 = 9%, and incombustibles 10. Determine the change in entropy as a result of the
at 7% by weight. If volumetric combustion of the heat exchange process between the two reservoirs.
flue gas is: CO2 = 8.75%, CO = 2.25%, O2 = 8%, If a high thermal reservoir at 538 C is brought into
and N2 = 81%, calculate the weight of dry flue gases thermal contact with a lower temperature storage at
per kg of coal burned. 260 C, resulting in the transfer of 1055 kJ of heat
a. 11.92 kg from the high to the lower temperature region.
b. 18.92 kg a. 0.44 kJ/K
c. 19.92 kg b. 0.98 kJ/K
d. 28.92 kg c. 0.22 kJ/K
e. 13.92 kg d. 0.68 kJ/K
5. CO2 = 15%, CO = 2.2%, O2 = 1.6 percent, N2 = e. 0.36 kJ/K
81.2%, according to a volumetric analysis of exhaust 11. Water at 15 kPa and 40 degrees Celsius enters a
gases from an oil engine. Convert this O 2 analysis to pump and exits when the pressure is raised to 5
a weighted analysis. MPa. Determine the temperature of the water at the
a. 65.1% pump’s outlet assuming the operation is reversible
b. 15.6% and adiabatic.
c. 22.7% a. 20.15 C
d. 1.7% b. 40.15 C
e. 98.3% c. 44.15 C
6. A power station’s maximum demand is 96000 kW, d. 67.15 C
and the daily load curve is as follows: Determine the e. 12.15 C
power station’s load factor. 12. Steam at 500 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 pounds
per square inch enters a 200 foot per second steam
turbine. The output steam has a velocity of 600 feet
per second and a pressure of 20 pounds per square
inch. Calculate the work per pound of steam if the
process is reversible and adiabatic.
a. 98.5 Btu/lbm
a. 54.1
b. 101.5 Btu/lbm
b. 0.71
c. 255.5 Btu/lbm
c. 0.56
d. 212.5 Btu/lbm
d. 0.44
e. 132.5 Btu/lbm
e. 0.26
13. Water enters a steady state flow adiabatic pump with
7. A 60 MW power plant has a 50 MW yearly peak load.
a 70% efficiency as a saturated liquid at 100 F and
The power plant serves loads with maximum
exits at 300 psia. Calculate the actual pump work
demands of 20 MW, 17 MW, 10 MW, and 9 MW,
assuming the process is adiabatic.
respectively. The load factor is 0.45 on an annual
a. -9.8 Btu/lbm
basis. Calculate the annual energy supply and the
b. 10.8 Btu/lbm
variety factor.
c. -10.8 Btu/lbm
 d. -12.8 Btu/lbm supplied per lbm of air is 720 Btu. Determine the air
e. 12.8 Btu/lbm standard efficiency.
14. An air compressor’s adiabatic compression efficiency a. 54.69%
under steady-state flow conditions is known to be b. 62.69%
70%. If the conditions at the entrance are 101 kPa c. 55.69%
and 300 K, and the pressure of the steam exiting is d. 60.69%
505 kPa, find the temperature of the air leaving the e. 59.69%
compressor and the compression work required in 23. Calculate the minimum power required to cool 100
kJ/kg. lbm moles/min of air from 550 R to 500 R when the
a. -1.51 kJ/kg surrounding is 550 R.
b. -2.51 kJ/kg a. -50.7 hp
c. -3.51 kJ/kg b. -49.7 hp
d. -4.51 kJ/kg c. -39.7 hp
e. -5.51 kJ/kg d. -38.7 hp
15. Water is continuously spilling over a water tank at a e. -37.7 hp
height of 100 m from ground level. Calculate the 24. Two identical blocks of aluminum are initially at 1300
kinetic energy of the water just before it strikes the K and 400 K respectively. The two blocks are then
floor. brought into thermal communication and they attain
a. .5066 kJ the same temperature. Assuming that the specific
b. .98066 kJ heat of aluminum is 0.9 kJ/kg K, calculate the
c. 180.66 J irreversibility of the process if the mass of each of
d. .22066 kJ the blocks is 5 kgs.
e. .1236 kJ a. 341.1 kJ
16. Calculate the change of enthalpy as 1 lbm of oxygen b. 821.1 kJ
is heated from 500 R to 2000 R. Also calculate the c. 621.1 kJ
average specific heat for the process. d. 111.1 kJ
a. 0.244 Btu/lbm R e. 441.1 kJ
b. 0.514 Btu/lbm R 25. Calculate the rate of heat transmission per m 2 of the
c. 0.314 Btu/lbm R surface area of the 260 mm thick wall if the interior
d. 0.644 Btu/lbm R surface of a simple brick wall is 60 degrees Celsius,
e. 0.744 Btu/lbm R whereas the exterior surface is 20 degrees Celsius.
17. In a Carnot engine, using 0.05 kg of air as the Assume that the thermal conductivity of the brick is
working fluid, the maximum cycle temperature and 0.55 W/mK.
pressure are 940 K and 8.4 MPa respectively. What a. 84.6 W/m2
is the maximum cylinder volume if the minimum b. 42.6 W/m2
temperature during the cycle is 300 K and the c. 12.6 W/m2
addition of heat to the air is 4.2 kJ? Assume ideal d. 62.6 W/m2
gas behavior. e. 77.6 W/m2
a. 7.811 x 10^-2 m3 26. A stainless tank with an 8 mm wall thickness holds
b. 1.811 x 10^-2 m3 water at 80 degrees Celsius. Determine the rate of
c. 4.811 x 10^-2 m3 heat loss per m2 of tank surface are awhile the
d. 2.811 x 10^-2 m3 ambient temperature is 20 degrees Celsius. Stainless
e. 3.811 x 10^-2 m3 steel has a thermal conductivity of 50 W/mK and
18. The source and sink temperature of a Carnot steam heat transfer coefficients of 2,500 and 20 W/m 2K on
cycle are 316 C and 16 respectively. Assuming the the inside and exterior of the tank, respectively.
internal engine efficiency of the turbine to be 80% Calculate the temperature of the tank’s exterior
and that of the compressor to be 60%, determine surface as well.
the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the ratio of a. 599.3 W/m2, 54.96 C
turbine work to compressor work. b. 999.3 W/m2, 51.96 C
a. 0.17, 1.17 c. 699.3 W/m2, 51.96 C
b. 0.13, 1.17 d. 999.3 W/m2, 54.96 C
c. 0.16, 1.17 e. 699.3 W/m2, 54.96 C
d. 0.11, 1.11 27. An apple loses 4.5 kJ of heat as it cools per Celsius
e. 0.12, 1.17 drop in its temperature. The amount of heat loss
19. An Otto cycle engine has an initial air pressure and from the apple per Fahrenheit drop in its
temperature of 14.7 psia and 60 F. 750 Btu of heat temperature is?
is supplied per lbm of air at the end of compression. a. 1.25 kJ
The compression ratio is 7. Find the mean effective b. 2.50 kJ
pressure for the cycle. c. 5.0 kJ
a. 551.4 psi d. 8.1 kJ
b. 55.4 psi e. 4.1 kJ
c. 195.4 psi 28. An Otto cycle with a volume of 0.5 m 3, a pressure of
d. 295.4 psi 1 bar, and a temperature of 27 C at the start of the
e. 95.4 psi compression stroke. The pressure is 10 bar at the
20. An air standard Otto cycle of 48% thermal efficiency end of the compression stroke. The constant volume
has air at 25 C and 1 bar at the beginning of the process generates 200 kJ of heat. Calculate the ideal
isentropic compression. Calculate the temperature power produced by the engine assuming it operates
and pressure of air at the end of the isentropic at 400 rpm and produces 200 complete cycles per
compression process. minutes.
a. 12.87 bars, 330 C a. 651 kW
b. 11.87 bars, 310 C b. 551 kW
c. 10.87 bars, 300 C c. 221 kW
d. 9.87 bars, 300 C d. 321 kW
e. 8.87 bars, 350 C e. 123 kW
21. Determine the work output per kilogram mass of air 29. Determine the mean effective pressure during the
of an air standard Diesel cycle with a cutoff ratio of 2 cycle of an Ideal Otto cycle if the maximum pressure
and compression ratio of 15, assuming that the inlet is limited to 24 bar and that has a clearance volume
conditions are 101.325 and 21 C. of 0.0016 m3. The starting pressure and temperature
a. 871.54 are 1 bar and 60 degrees Celsius, respectively and it
b. 526.19 used by a 200 mm bore and 300 mm stroke engine.
c. 411.54 Assume ideal conditions.
d. 121.54 a. 4.172 bar
e. 621.54 b. 2.372 bar
22. A dual cycle engine has a temperature and pressure c. 1.972 bar
at the beginning of isentropic compression of 180 F d. 1.009 bar
and 14.7 psia. The compression ratio is 10 and the e. 2.23 bar
maximum pressure is 1030 psia. The total heat 30. Consider a fish swimming 5 m below the free surface
of water. The increase in the pressure exerted on the
fish when it dives to a depth of 25 m below the free
surface is?
a. 196 Pa
b. 5400 Pa
c. 30, 000 Pa
d. 196, 000 Pa
e. 294, 000 Pa