Work and Energy Chapter 6

Chapter 6
Work and Energy

Problems

6–1 Work, Constant Force

1. (I) A 75.0-kg firefighter climbs a flight of stairs 28.0 m high. How much work does he do?
4. (II) A 1200-N crate rests on the floor. How much work is required to move it at constant speed
(a) 5.0 m along the floor against a friction force of 230 N, and
(b) 5.0 m vertically?
5. (II) What is the minimum work needed to push a 950-kg car 710 m up along a 9.0° incline? Ignore friction.
8. (II) A lever such as that shown in the figure, can be used to lift objects we
might not otherwise be able to lift.
Show that the ratio of output force, FO, to input force, FI, is related to the
lengths lI and lO from the pivot by FO/FI = lI /lO.
Ignore friction and the mass of the lever, and assume the work output
equals the work input.

9. (II) A box of mass 4.0 kg is accelerated from rest by a force across a floor at a rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 7.0 s.
Find the net work done on the box.
10. (II) A 380-kg piano slides 2.9 m down a 25° incline and is kept from accelerating by a man who is pushing
back on it parallel to the incline. Determine:
(a) the force exerted by the man,
(b) the work done on the piano by the man,
(c) the work done on the piano by the force of gravity, and
(d) the net work done on the piano. Ignore friction.

12. (III) A grocery cart with mass of 16 kg is being pushed at constant speed up a 12° ramp by a force FP which
acts at an angle of 17° below the horizontal. Find the work done by each of the forces ( mg , FN , FP ) on the
r r r

cart if the ramp is 7.5 m long.

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*6–2 Work, Varying Force

*13. (II) The force on a particle, acting along the x axis,

6–3 Kinetic Energy; Work-Energy Principle

16. (I) (a) If the kinetic energy of a particle is tripled, by what factor has its speed increased?
(b) If the speed of a particle is halved, by what factor does its kinetic energy change?
18. (I) How much work must be done to stop a 925-kg car traveling at 95 km/h?
21. (II) An 85-g arrow is fired from a bow whose string exerts an average force of 105 N on the arrow over a
distance of 75 cm. What is the speed of the arrow as it leaves the bow?
23. (III) A 265-kg load is lifted 18.0 m vertically with an acceleration a = 0.160 g by a single cable.
Determine (a) the tension in the cable; (b) the net work done on the load;
(c) the work done by the cable on the load; (d) the work done by gravity on the load;
(e) the final speed of the load assuming it started from rest.

6–4 and 6–5 Potential Energy

25. (I) A spring has a spring constant k of 88.0 N/m. How much must this spring be compressed to store 45.0
J of potential energy?
26. (II) If it requires 6.0 J of work to stretch a particular spring by 2.0 cm from its equilibrium length, how
much more work will be required to stretch it an additional 4.0 cm?
28. (II) A 1.60-m-tall person lifts a 1.65-kg book off the ground so it is 2.20 m above the ground. What is the
potential energy of the book relative to
(a) the ground, and (b) the top of the person’s head?
(c) How is the work done by the person related to the answers in parts (a) and (b)?

6–6 and 6–7 Conservation of Mechanical Energy

29. (I) A novice skier, starting from rest, slides down an icy frictionless 8.0° incline whose vertical height is
105 m. How fast is she going when she reaches the bottom?
31. (II) A sled is initially given a shove up a frictionless 23.0° incline. It reaches a maximum vertical height
1.22 m higher than where it started at the bottom. What was its initial speed?
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33. (II) A 1200-kg car moving on a horizontal surface has speed v = 85 km/h when it strikes a horizontal
coiled spring and is brought to rest in a distance of 2.2 m. What is the spring stiffness constant of the
spring?
34. (II) A 62-kg trampoline artist jumps upward from the top of a platform with a vertical speed of 4.5 m/s.
(a) How fast is he going as he lands on the trampoline, 2.0 m below,
as shown in the figure?
(b) If the trampoline behaves like a spring of spring constant
5.8  104 N / m, how far down does he depress it?

36. (II) A roller-coaster car shown in the above figure is pulled up to point 1 where it is released from rest.
Assuming no friction, calculate the speed at points 2, 3, and 4.
37. (II) Chris jumps off a bridge with a bungee cord (a heavy stretchable cord) tied around his ankle, as
shown. He falls for 15 m before the bungee cord begins to stretch. Chris’s mass is 75 kg and we assume
the cord obeys Hooke’s law, F = –kx, with k = 55 N/m. If we neglect air resistance, estimate what
distance d below the bridge Chris’s foot will be before coming to a stop. Ignore the mass of the cord (not
realistic, however) and treat Chris as a particle.

6–8 and 6–9 Law of Conservation of Energy

42. (II) A ski starts from rest and slides down a 28° incline 85 m long.
(a) If the coefficient of friction is 0.090, what is the ski’s speed at the base of the incline?
(b) If the snow is level at the foot of the incline and has the same coefficient of friction, how far will the
ski travel along the level? Use energy methods.
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43. (II) A 145-g baseball is dropped from a tree 12.0 m above the ground.
(a) With what speed would it hit the ground if air resistance could be ignored?
(b) If it actually hits the ground with a speed of 8.00 m/s, what is the average force of air resistance
exerted on it?
44. (II) A skier traveling 11.0 m/s reaches the foot of a steady upward 19° incline and glides 15 m up along
this slope before coming to rest. What was the average coefficient of friction?
45. (II) You drop a ball from a height of 2.0 m, and it bounces back to a height of 1.6 m.
(a) What fraction of its initial energy is lost during the bounce?
(b) What is the ball’s speed just before and just after the bounce?
(c) Where did the energy go?

6–10 Power

49. (I) How long will it take a 2750-W motor to lift a 385-kg piano to a sixth-story window 16.0 m above?
51. (II) If a car generates 18 hp when traveling at a steady 95 km/h, what must be the average force exerted
on the car due to friction and air resistance?
54. (II) A driver notices that her 1080-kg car, when in neutral, slows down from 95 km/h to 65 km/h in about
7.0 s on a flat horizontal road. Approximately what power (watts and hp) is needed to keep the car
traveling at a constant 80 km/h?
58. (II) A pump lifts 27.0 kg of water per minute through a height of 3.50 m. What minimum output rating
(watts) must the pump motor have?

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