Since 1907

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EASTERNVISAYAS

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In this module, you will examine the question when you take the

lessons in: Lesson 4 – ON HAND VIDEO PRODUCTION

In this lesson, you will learn the following:

Lesson 4: ☞ Appreciate the camera setting of the
ON HAND VIDE mobile phone.
PRODUCTION ☞ Identify the video file types.
☞ Be familiar with the mobile phone as
a video recording device.

To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:

1. Chart for Your Mobile Video Shooting Device: Preparation of a handy

reference for your mobile phone device for when you need to shoot,
record, and save videos.
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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
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MOBILE PHONE
CAMERA
SETTINGS
The available settings of your mobile phone will depend on its brand and
model. Here is some pf the camera features that generally present on the screen
when you are taking a photo or shooting a video. Note that the given icons are
intended to be representational only and are not specific to any smartphone
camera software system.

Exposure – this refers to the length of time that light from the lens is
allowed to bathe the camera’s film, or the digital sensor’s capacity to
admit light. Extending an exposure will cause the image to become
brighter. A brief exposure, on the other hand, will result in a darker
image. Getting just the right exposure
is tricky using an old camera but is easy on smartphone with the standard touch
screen slider. Exposure is associated with shutter speed, which is how fast the
opaque shutter “curtain” of the lens opens and closes to receive light, and ISO,
which is the smartphone sensor’s sensitivity to available light.
 The exposure slider of a smartphone

Aperture – In the classic DSLR, this is the mechanical,

manually-adjustable opening that lets light in through the camera’s
lens. On a smartphone, this feature is accessed by using the
exposure slider since the smartphone dies not have adjustable
aperture (lens opening). To register more or less light,

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
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STATEUNIVERSITY

merely change the sensitivity of the digital image sensor. Apertures can vary,
depending on the model of the smartphone used. The larger the aperture, the
more light can be taken in.

A mobile phone lens aperture system

 Camera lens aperture range

Focus – With a DSLR, reaching a focus (the state where images are
clear and sharp) requires adjusting the lens with one hand. On a
smartphone, the lens set and sensor can be configured to focus
images from two feet or so to infinity, although sometimes focusing
can also be achieved with minute mechanical
movements of the lens or sensor. Software allows for auto-focusing and a tap on
the touch screen may be all that’s needed to make sure the subject of the video
comes out crisp and sharp. Software can also produce depth of field effects such
as bokeh, which can defocus certain areas of the image, like the background
even the subject of the image. This effect is often used when taking photographs
with a mobile phone but can also be used when shooting videos. The bokeh
effect is sometimes made possible when multiple lenses are used.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

Since 1907

JHS ICT 10
EASTERNVISAYAS

STATEUNIVERSITY
 A mobile phone screen on which the image be tapped to bring it to
focus.

Depth of Field is a term in photography which pertains to how

“deep” the range of focus is within the field of view, given the relative
distance of at least two viewable elements or areas-one nearest the
lens that shows up sharply
and another on farther away that is still in focus (along with the space in
between). In a classic professional camera, depth of field is adjusted by changing
the size of the aperture or lens opening and changing the length f the lens to be
either longer or shorter (focal length). A mobile phone might not have a lens that
has variable focal length, but it can emulate short or shallow depth-of-field
defocusing with the use of software that enables the camera to lock the focus on
one area or object at a time and letting the rest of the scene remain out of focus.

A range of camera apertures

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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Bokeh effect can be achieved using a obile phone feature

ISO (or ASA) – originally referred to photographic film’s sensitivity to light.

Smartphone cameras generally do not come with specific ISO settings and
instead automatically adjust their sensor’s sensitivity to light. It’s not a
perfect system and can produce either
washed out or dim scenes if the camera holderr isn’t careful. However, specialized apps
that emulate ISO settings are available, although many of thses are for taking
photographs, rather than for shooting videos. For mobile phones, ISO, exposure, and
shutter speed often refer to the same feature.

ISO is a scale that was created in1987 by the International Organization for
Standardization to measure camera film speed. Its counterpart,
ASA, was created by the American Standards Organization.
 Bitrate – refers to the number of bits (a bit is a unit of data) in a digital
computing environment that can be transferred or encoded every second. The higher
the bitrate of a video, the better the potential quality of the video.

Frame Rate – this is the number of image frames that goes through the
screen per second (frames per second or fps). Increasing the frame rate value
results in reduced blurring of perceived motion in the video and is preferred
when recording video which will
be replayed in slow motion. A lower frame rate lessens the video file size but makes the
video appear choppy, like the 7-fps Roundhay Garden Scene, which was recorded on
paper base photographic film in 1888 and is the oldest known surviving movie in
existence.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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Resolution – use a magnifying glass to look at a picture in a printed comic book and
notice how the pictures are made up of colored “dots”. These dots determine the
picture’s resolution, which is measured in dots per inch, or dpi. In mobile phnes, these
dots are called pixels, and these are put together to give the illussion of hues, shapes
and textures on a screen. The mobile phone’s screen resolution is measured in million
of pixels, or megapixels (MPs), which means that a 16MP camera works with 16 million
pixels. Most smartphones are capable of video compression for recording, ranging from
Standard Definition (SD/below 720pixels), High Definition (HD/720pixels up) to Full HD
(1080p). The bigger the number of pixels (picture elements), the better the resolution
and the larger the file size. If your intention is to shoot and upload immediately, without
regard for quality, choose a lower resolution. If broadcast quality is desired, shoot in HD
and compress afterwards.

Resolution also comes into play when printing out images. Digital image resolution,
when printed on paper, is measured in terms of pixels per inch (ppi), and a larger
resolution image can be printed on relatively larger-sized paper without any noticeable
loss in quality. Most books and magazines print out images at 300ppi. A 16 MP image,
printed out at 300ppi, for example, will display well on a print area that’s around 16”
(40.5 cm) wide x 11” (28 cm) high.

Typical mobile phone

resolutions are:
4K (3840 x 2160 pixels)

1080p (1920 x 1080 pixels)

720p (1280 x 720 pixels)

VGA (640 x 480 pixels)

White balance – a picture taken, or a video shoot, with a mobile phone

might ocasionally appear to be awash in either blue or yellow. The main
reason why this happen is due to the white balance being “off-temperature”.
Shooting at night under flourescent light, for example, will cause the video
images to look bluish, because
flourescent light is generally blue. On the other hand, shooting outside when the sun
rises or sets will give a yellowish video because, at those particular times of day, the
frequency of light that the Earth receives from the sun are the longer rays of light, which
are those towards the red enf of the spectrum. Color temperature issues can be fixed by
selecting the right picture mode that compensates for the lack of yellow or blue in
lighting. In more advanced setups, the percentage of blue or yellow can be controlled
with the use of a color-temperature slider to achieve a balanced white that’s neither
bluishj or yellowish. In some mobile camera settings, the white balance could be
controlled by such settings as those labeled Night, Indoor, Outdoor and so on.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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A white balance color checker rendition chart

White balance is related to balancing color temperature. Which is
measured in Degrees Kelvin (K). Higher Kelvin temperature equates to a
whiter image. White balance is also known as color balance, gray
balance, and neutral balance.
Type of light Color Temperature

1000 – 2000 K Candlelight

2,500 – 3,500 K Tungsten House Lightbulb

3,000 – 4,000 K Sunrise and Sunset (no clouds0

4,000 – 5,000 K Fluorescent Lamp

5,000 – 5,500 K Electronic Flash

5,000 – 6,000 K Midday (no clouds)

6,500 – 8,000 K Fairly Cloudy

9,000 – 10,000 K Thick Shade or Heavy Overcast

This is
the same landscape on planet Mars show in raw, natural, and white-balanced
color.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
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STATEUNIVERSITY
 Flash – flash gives a momentary burst of intense light that illuminates the
subject or scene, which coincides with the moment the mobile camera’s sensor
receives the image from the lens. It can be manually activated or set to function
automatically in low light conditions. This is useful only when taking still
photographs.

Zoom – In SLR cameras, this is technically the optical zoom, which is

adjusted by twisting the threaded ring in the lens assembly. Making
the lens longer, or telescoping, zooms into the image for a telephoto
effect that makes the subject
appear closer (narrow field of view). The opposite of this is making the lens
shorter, which makes the subject appear farther away (wide field of view). In
digital cameras and smartphones, telescopic optical zoom is supported by digital
zoom, which simply enlarges the image as best translated onto the screen, along
with the pixels. This means that too much digital zooming can create a pixelated
image or video.

View or Scene Mode – this sets the frame either Landscape or

Portrait, and can also include other settings, such as the specific aspect ratio of
the video (e.g., 1:1, 3:4, 4:3, and 9:16), which may or may not be available
depending on the smartphone model used.

Action Camera – just about all mobile phones today have two
camera lenses: one in the front, where the screen is, and the other in the back.
The front camera is used for taking selfies while the other is used to capture
images of everywhere else around the camera user.

VIDEO FILE TYPES

As a kind of hardware that manages digital data, the mobile phone is a device
that utilizes and processes specific files for both photography and video. Where
video is concerned, some of the more common video file types that encode and
store data for moving pictures, along with the audio accompanying these, are
listed below.

3GPP2 – this is a common video format used with mobile phone cameras

MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4) – a common video standard which versions that

use patented technologies

M4V – developed by Apple and used with their video products

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
EASTERNVISAYAS

STATEUNIVERSITY

MOV – also made by Apple and used with the QuickTime

player like .qt WMV – Windows Media Video by Microsoft

OGG – open source standard for high quality video

AVI – stores tagged video data

WebM – designed with HTML5 video in mind

Video file types are file containers, otherwise know as encoders, that include
information for both video and audio along with the data for other features, such
as subtitles. Mobile phone brands have specific preferences for the video
encoder formats their phone uses. Microsoft, which used to have a line of mobile
phones, prefers WMV while Samsung uses MP4, WMV and AVI. Apple likes to
use its own proprietary formats, MOV and QT.

Activity
Chart For Your Mobile Video Shooting Device
Run the World!

For this activity, use your mobile phone. Inspect it and note the brand and model
type, then search its specifications (specs) on the Internet. Sites like GSM Arena
are good places to start. Here is an example specs sheet of an iPhone 13 Pro
Max which came from the site.
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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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Technology GSM / CDMA / HSPA / EVDO / LTE / 5G

NETWORK

Announced 2021, September 14

LAUNCH
Status Available. Released 2021, September 24
Dimensions 160.8 x 78.1 x 7.7 mm (6.33 x 3.07 x 0.30 in)
BODY
Weight 240 g (8.47 oz)
Build Glass front (Gorilla Glass), glass back (Gorilla
Glass), stainless steel frame
SIM Single SIM (Nano-SIM and/or eSIM) or Dual SIM
(Nano-SIM/eSIM, dual stand-by)
IP68 dust/water resistant (up to 6m for 30 mins)
Apple Pay (Visa, MasterCard, AMEX certified)
Type Super Retina XDR OLED, 120Hz, HDR10,
DISPLAY Dolby
Vision, 1000 nits (HBM), 1200 nits
(peak)
Size 6.7 inches, 109.8 cm2 (~87.4% screen-to-body
ratio)
Resolution 1284 x 2778 pixels, 19.5:9 ratio (~458 ppi
density)
Protection Scratch-resistant ceramic glass, oleophobic
coating
Wide color gamut
True-tone
OS iOS 15, upgradable to iOS 15.3
PLATFORM
Chipset Apple A15 Bionic (5 nm)
CPU Hexa-core (2x3.22 GHz Avalanche + 4xX.X
GHz Blizzard)
 GPU Apple GPU (5-core graphics)
Card No
MEMORY slot
HDR (photo/panorama)
Video 4K@24/30/60fps,
1080p@30/60/120/240fps, 10-bit
HDR, Dolby Vision HDR (up to
MAIN 60fps),
ProRes, Cinematic mode, stereo
CAMERA
sound rec.
Internal 128GB 6GB RAM, 256GB
6GB RAM, 512GB 6GB RAM, 1TB
6GB RAM

NVMe
Quad 12 MP, f/1.5, 26mm (wide),
1.9µm, dual pixel PDAF, sensor-shift
OIS
12 MP, f/2.8, 77mm (telephoto),
PDAF, OIS, 3x optical zoom
12 MP, f/1.8, 13mm, 120˚ (ultrawide),
PDAF

Dual 12 MP, f/2.2, 23mm (wide),

1/3.6" SL 3D, (depth/biometrics
sensor)

TOF 3D LiDAR scanner (depth)

Features Dual-LED dual-tone flash,

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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Features HDR
SELFIE CAMERA 1080p@30/60/120fps, gyro-EIS
Video 4K@24/25/30/60fps,
Loudspeaker Yes, with stereo speakers
SOUND
3.5mm jack No
WLAN Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/6, dual-band, hotspot
COMMS
Bluetooth 5.0, A2DP, LE
GPS Yes, with A-GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BDS,
QZSS
NFC Yes
 Radio No
USB Lightning, USB 2.0
FEATURES Sensors Face ID, accelerometer, gyro, proximity,
compass, barometer
Siri natural language commands and dictation
Ultra Wideband (UWB) support
Type Li-Ion 4352 mAh, non-removable (16.75 Wh)
BATTERY Charging
Fast charging (27W, unofficial rating), 50% in
30 min (advertised)
USB Power Delivery 2.0
MagSafe wireless charging 15W
Qi magnetic fast wireless charging 7.5W
Colors Graphite, Gold, Silver, Sierra Blue
MISC
Models A2643, A2484, A2641, A2644, A2645, iphone14,3
SAR 1.18 W/kg (head) 1.20 W/kg (body)
SAR EU 0.99 W/kg (head) 0.98 W/kg (body)
Price $ 1,099.00 / £ 999.00 / ₹ 129,900 / Rp 23,681,736
Performance AnTuTu: 801691 (v9)
TESTS
GeekBench: 4706 (v5.1)
GFXBench: 60fps (ES 3.1 onscreen)
Display Contrast ratio: Infinite (nominal)
Camera Photo / Video
Loudspeaker -24.0 LUFS (Very good)
Battery life Endurance rating 121h

Disclaimer. We can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct.

1. Check out the specs of your mobile phone and note the parts and features
previously discussed in this lesson.
2. Switch on the mobile phone and see if you can find those parts and
features. List all those you can find (use a spreadsheet, if you want to)
and take note of any icons or interactive controls used.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
EASTERNVISAYAS

STATEUNIVERSITY

3. Start by taking a 15 to 30 second video of a friend or family member while

they are doing something interesting. How does the video appear? Are
the objects in the video identifiable and crisp looking? Are the movements
 recorded in the video smooth or choppy?
4. Depending on the environment, see if you can improve the image by
tweaking the focus, brightness, and other settings. Note down the
changes made and compare these using “before” and “after” videos.
5. Use all that you’ve noted down as references for your getting familiar with
how to use your mobile phone camera, which you will use to shoot videos for
this subject.

Now, record a 15-to-30-second video clip using the mobile phone. Shoot the
video first by using the highest resolution setting on your device, then shoot the
same scene again after selecting the next lower setting. Continue doing so with
successively lower settings until you use the lowest setting possible. You can
also apply different video settings if these are available on your device.

Once you are done recording, review the files that have been saved to your
device and create another table that records your observations on such things as
sharpness, audio quality and brightness based on the settings you used. You
can use the observations as benchmarks for camera performance if you plan to
buy a new smartphone.

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JHS ICT 10
EASTERNVISAYAS

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SELF - CHECK A. For each number, pick the

correct answer that best defines or describes the item.
1. Flash __________________________________________
2. Bitrate __________________________________________
3. Focus __________________________________________
4. View Mode __________________________________________
5. Resolution __________________________________________
6. Zoom __________________________________________
7. Depth of Field __________________________________________
8. White Balance __________________________________________
9. Frame Rate __________________________________________
10. Active Camera __________________________________________

WORD CLOUD Color temperature Sharp Frame format Focus range Transferred
bits illuminates
Pixels in a square inch optical or digital switches between two lenses
Frames per second
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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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STATEUNIVERSITY

B. Identify the items described and write the answer in the blank.

1. This refers to how fast the opaque “curtain” of the lens opens and closes to

receive light. _____________________________

2. In a DSLR, this is the adjustable opening that lets light in through the lens.

_____________________________

3. A mobile phone requires software to work with this, whereas an SLR camera

physically changes the lens length and aperture size to work with this.

_____________________________

4. This shorthand term is a measure of frame rate.

_____________________________ 5. This shorthand term refers to the

resolution of an image that is recorded by a mobile phone.

_____________________________

6. This shorthand term refers to the image resolution of a printed digital image.
 _____________________________

7. This refers to the momentary burst of intense light which illuminates the

subject or scene. _____________________________

8. This feature can be either optical or digital.

_____________________________ 9. This refers to the span of time when

light is admitted. _____________________________ 10. This mechanical

feature adjusts to admit light. _____________________________

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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STATEUNIVERSITY

C. Pick the correct answer.

1. Essentially the same as ISO

a. CCD c. SLR

b. CMOS d. ASA

2. This specifies screen resolution

a. dpi c. CCD

b. ppi d. ISO

3. Candlelight color temperature is within this Kelvin range.

a. 9,000 – 10,000 K c. 1,000 – 2,000 K

 b. 5,000 – 6,500 K d. 2,500 – 3,500 K

4. Video file format developed by Apple and used with their video

products. a. M4V c. AVI

b. MOV d. Both A and B

5. Lowering the frame rate does this to the video.

a. Makes it appear choppy. c. Hangs the video.

b. Makes it appear smooth. d. Speeds up the video.

6. This is the most basic element of a printed picture.

a. Pixel c. Dot

b. ppi d. MP

7. This is the most basic element of a digital picture and is referred to where

picture resolution is concerned.

a. Pixel c. Dot

b. ppi d. MP

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production

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JHS ICT 10
EASTERNVISAYAS

STATEUNIVERSITY

8. This mode sets the frame to either Landscape or Portrait.

a. View c. Both A and B

b. Scene d. None of the above

9. This is an effect that involves defocused areas.

a. Bokeh c. Chokeh

b. Lokeh d. Smokeh
 10. Encoders are also known as this.

a. File contractors c. File casters

b. File containers d. File fillers

PERFORMANCE TASKS

Research on how the features of an Android mobile phone differ from, or are like,
the features found in an iPhone. Base your comparative study on the parts and
features discussed in this lesson. Create a PowerPoint showing your findings.

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Lesson 4 – On Hand Video Production