05 Nonlinear Dynamics PDF
05 Nonlinear Dynamics PDF
DYNA_NON_LINE
Spatial description
Direct (physical DoF) or modal projection
Damping representation
Numerical applications
2 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence
Different sort of non-linearities (1)
Contact-friction
Single DoF oscillator with perfect plasticity constitutive relation
k M
Fext
x Fext sign( x) * min( k . x , Fs )
M.
F < Fs
Shock oscillator
M .x Fext k .x kc x gap Fext
I .
M . g.sin M . g.( ...)
6 5!
Viscoplasticity (steel)
Norton
F
Hoff - Rabotnov - Lemaître p or p G , Vi , T
Damage (concrete)
E E1 D with D
f F , D,V
Rabotnov - Kachanov ~
Chaboche ext i
F
p or p G , Vi , T
Beams and columns: PMF (multifiber beam elements) with suitable constitutive relations
(MAZARS, VMIS_CINE_GC…)
Large transformations
Large displacements: Green-Lagrange strain tensor (when > few %)
b=(g+1/2)2/4
NEWMARK time integration family b
p t 2 1 b U
,
U n 1 p U n bt 2 U
, U n U n t U
n 1 n
2
n Unconditional
avec stability
U
p U gt U , p
n 1 n n 1 U
U t 1 g U
.
n n n Unstable
zone
Conditional
Average acc.
stability
Linear acc.
Fox Goodwin
Central diff.
0 g=1/2 g
Linear equilibrium equation
Displacement Speed Acceleration
X U n 1 XU
n 1
XU n 1
M b t 2 K M bt 2 K A M bt 2 K ,
A , A ,
b t 2
g
t
B F ext
n 1 K U n .
p
1 1
B F n 1 b t 2 M U n .
ext p
B F
ext
K
p
U M
p
.
U
n 1 n
gt n
10 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence
Numerical methods (3)
Implicit direct transient dynamics
HHT scheme (Hilber-Hughes-Taylor 1977)
Numerical dissipation in high frequency domain, second order accuracy
Based on a Newmark scheme: modified average acceleration (first order)
b
1
2
1
g 0 0,3
4 2
Modification of equilibrium equation: “average” between t n and tn+1 :
1 F F 1 F F
MU
int int ext ext
n 1 n 1 n n 1 n
bt 2 bt 2
K (Xit+dt ) + K(Xit+dt ). X = R
Xi+l t+dt = Xit+dt + X
Repeat until convergence Non convergence des itérations à Convergence des itérations à
Xi+lt+dt = Xit+dt + X
tcrit = 2 / wmax with wmax : higher eigen pulsation of the discretized system
Before DYNA_NON_LINE
Initial conditions
Convergence criterion
After DYNA_NON_LINE
15 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence
Damping representation (1)
• Syntax
AMOR_MODAL(
MODE_MECA = mode, (eigenmodes)
AMOR_REDUIT = l_amor, [l_R] (xi list)
REAC_VITE = ‘OUI’, [DEFAUT] (update at each Newton’s iteration, or not)
)
Remarks
• Modal analysis on the linear system needed before NL calculation
Remark
Those dashpots are taken into account in DNL only if AMOR_ALPHA is defined
(even if its value is 0), except in NEW11 release (11.2.7 version or above)
Tchamwa-Wielgosz (explicit):
Parameter: f (PHI = 1.05 as default): no dissipation if PHI = 1
Initial conditions
Non-regular loadings: artificial oscillations
Computing from an initial static pre-stressed state (effect of gravity)
First step: quasi-static calculation with STAT_NON_LINE
Rayleigh damping
Only proportional to the mass matrix (stiffness proportional terms tends to lower the CFL condition value)
Computational efficiency is low with Code_Aster (compared to specialized codes like LS-
DYNA or EUROPLEXUS), except with modal reduction
Chaining operators
STAT_NON_LINE DYNA_NON_LINE: OK
DYNA_NON_LINE implicit explicit: OK
DYNA_NON_LINE explicit implicit: MACRO_BASCULE_SCHEMA (cf. sdnv100j) because
a specific balancing algorithm has to be used, in order to avoid artificial numerical
oscillations
Piping
Plasticity (on beam or pipe FE)
Raft uplift
Shocks with friction
Initial state computed with STAT_NON_LINE
Cables pinching
Shocks and large displacements
Initial state computed with STAT_NON_LINE
Soil-structure interaction
Deconvolution
Raft uplift
Fluid-structure interaction
Added masses
Sloshing effects
Ring 2
1,985 m
2,005 m 8
7 Ring 1
2,005 m
2,005 m 6
16 m Max. water
5 level
2m
=15,7 m
10,12 m 2m 4 Buckling mode
2m 3
(push-over method)
2m
2
1
Bolts for
fastening
32 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence
Different NL transient studies (4)
Large steel tanks: buckling with FSI using DYNA_NON_LINE
FSI coupled model (u,p,f) formulation (Ohayon)
Pressure values on deformed shape (amplified) of fluid domain
T = 0,1 s T=1s T=3s
57 m
R = 3m 57 m
Keystone Y
Right foot
34 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material X GNU FDL Licence
Different NL transient studies (6)
9,0E+05
M1 : HHT
8,0E+05
M4 : HHT
7,0E+05 M1 : STAT
temps CPU consommé (s)
M4 : STAT
6,0E+05
4,0E+05
M2c : DIFF_CENT en poursuite de STAT
M2c : STAT : M2c
3,0E+05
2,0E+05
1,0E+05
Damping enhancements
Rayleigh (other stiffness matrix choice: secant…)
Dissipation control during transient computation…
Book
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis - A Short course taught by T. J. R. HUGHES and T.
BELYTSCHKO - Zace Services Ltd - ICE Division