Ap Chem

South Pasadena • AP Chemistry Name
8 ▪ Atomic Theory Period Date
8.1 PROBLEMS – QUANTUM MECHANICS
1. De Broglie Wavelength. Calculate the de Broglie 3. Hydrogen Emission Spectrum. The energy for
wavelength for each of the following: the nth shell of the hydrogen atom is given by En =
(1 J = 1 kg·m2/s2) J. Calculate the energy and color/type of light
a. An electron with a velocity 10% of the speed emitted between the following transitions.
of light. (me− = 9.11 × 10−31 kg) E4 = J = −1.40 × 10−19 J
λ= E3 = J = −2.40 × 10−19 J
= E2 = J = −5.40 × 10−19 J
= 2.42 × 10−11 m a. n = 4 to n = 3
E3 – E4 = (−2.40 × 10−19 J) – (−1.40 × 10−19 J)
b. A tennis ball (0.055 kg) served at 35 m/s. = −1.00 × 10−19 J
λ= =
= 3.44 × 10−34 m b. n = 4 to n = 2
E2 – E4 = (−5.40 × 10−19 J) – (−1.40 × 10−19 J)
c. Explain why the wavelength of objects are not = −4.00 × 10−19 J
observed macroscopically.
The wavelength is too short to be observed. c. n = 3 to n = 2
E2 – E3 = (−5.40 × 10−19 J) – (−2.40 × 10−19 J)
2. Photoelectric Effect. When purple light with a = −3.00 × 10−19 J
wavelength of 349 nm is directed at an iron
surface, electrons are ejected and found to travel at d. At higher levels, does the energy difference
7.85 × 105 m/s. (1 nm = 10−9 m) between shells increase or decrease or remain
a. What is the kinetic energy of these ejected the same?
electrons? (me− = 9.11 × 10−31 kg, The difference of energy between shells
KE = m·v2) decreases at higher levels.
KE = (9.11 × 10−31 kg)(7.85 × 105 m/s)2
= 2.81 × 10−19 J
b. What is the energy of the light used?

E=
= 5.70 × 10−19 J
c. What is the energy with which these electrons

are bound to the atom? (Ebinding = Elight – KE)
Ebinding = (5.70 × 10−19 J) – (2.81 × 10−19 J)
= 2.89 × 10−19 J
d. Would light with a wavelength of 400 nm be

able to eject these electrons? Explain with
calculations.
E=
= 4.97 × 10−19 J
Yes, because this light has more energy
than the Ebinding.
4. Quantum Numbers. Identify the n and ℓ quantum 7. Atomic Orbitals. Describe the difference in
numbers for the following subshells. Then state shape between the following orbitals.
the possible values for the mℓ quantum number. a. 2s vs. 2p
a. 6p n = 6, ℓ = 1, mℓ = −1, 0, +1 2s orbital is spherical and has a spherical
b. 3s n = 3, ℓ = 0, mℓ = 0 node; 2p orbital is dumbbell-shaped and
c. 4d n = 4, ℓ = 2, mℓ = −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 has a planar node.
d. 5p n = 5, ℓ = 1, mℓ = −1, 0, +1
5. Quantum Numbers. Determine whether the b. 1s vs. 2s
following sets of quantum numbers are allowed. 1s and 2s orbitals are both spherical. 1s
If so, state what subshell it describes. does not have a node, and 2s orbital has a
a. (4, 2, −1) 4d spherical node.
b. (5, 0, −1) Not allowed
c. (4, 4, −1) Not allowed c. 2px vs. 2py
d. (5, 4, +5) Not allowed 2px and 2py are both dumbbell-shaped, but
are oriented in different directions.
6. Quantum Numbers. How many electrons can
have the following quantum numbers in an atom.
a. n = 2, ℓ = 1 6 electrons
b. n = 4, ℓ = 2, mℓ = −2 2 electrons
c. n = 7 98 electrons
d. n = 5, ℓ = 3, mℓ = −1 2 electrons
AP Chemistry 2007B #2
Answer the following problems about gases.
(a) The average atomic mass of naturally occurring neon is 20.18 amu. There are two Mass
common isotopes of naturally occurring neon as indicated in the table below. Isotope
(amu)
(i) Using the information above, calculate the percent abundance of each
isotope. Ne-20 19.99
(19.99)(x) + (21.99)(1 – x) = 20.18 Ne-22 21.99
x = 0.905 Ne-20: 90.5%, Ne-22: 9.5%
(ii) Calculate the number of Ne-22 atoms in a 12.55 g sample of naturally occurring neon.
12.55 g Ne = 3.56 × 1022 atoms Ne-22
(b) A major line in the emission spectrum of neon corresponds to a frequency of 4.34 × 10 14 s–1. Calculate the
wavelength, in nanometers, of light that corresponds to this line.
λ = = 691 nm
(c) In the upper atmosphere, ozone molecules decompose as they absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as shown by
the equation below. Ozone serves to block harmful ultraviolet radiation that comes from the Sun.
O3 (g) \s\up6(uv) O2 (g) + O (g)
A molecule of O3 (g) absorbs a photon with a frequency of 1.00 × 1015 s–1.
(i) How much energy, in joules, does the O3 (g) molecule absorb per photon?
E = h·ν = (6.626 × 10−34 J·s)(1.00 × 1015 s−1) = 6.626 × 10−19 J
(ii) The minimum energy needed to break an oxygen-oxygen bond in ozone is 387 kJ mol –1. Does a photon
with a frequency of 1.00 × 1015 s–1 have enough energy to break this bond? Support your answer with a
calculation.
= 6.42 × 10−19 J
Since 6.626 × 10−19 J > 6.42 × 10−19 J, the photon has enough energy to break the bond.

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South Pasadena • AP Chemistry Name

8 ▪ Atomic Theory Period Date

8.1 PROBLEMS – QUANTUM MECHANICS

b. What is the energy of the light used?

c. What is the energy with which these electrons

d. Would light with a wavelength of 400 nm be

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