ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE

TECH DESIGN EXERCISE

SEMESTER 06

DOCUMENTATION & ANALYSIS OF BUILDING SERVICES

THE INORBIT MALL , MALAD

DHRUVI JAIN 1911

ANUSHKA KALEKAR 1915
NANDINI THAKKAR 1939
AASHI JAIN 1910
DHANASHREE JADHAV 1909
BHAVYA MEWADA 1918
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this tech design exercise is to do a case study on the building services system installed in the Inorbit
Mall, Malad. To identify and understand the relevant information related to majorly fire protection system, water supply
system, electrical system and mechanical system.The aim of this study is to find how the building system are placed
in vertical and horizontal fashion, which indeed helps to understand the zoning of this mall.In order to learn and
comprehend the building system we have also looked through the NBC and attempted to analyse the functions.

CONTENTS

1. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

2. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

3. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4. MECHANICAL SYSTEM
 PROJECT
1 INTRODUCTION
 PROJECT INTRODUCTION

PLOT

The site chosen is Inorbit mall located at malad , Mumbai. Which is established in 2004. It was designed by Architectural firm PmG Patki
and Associates..It has footfall of 500,000 sq ft.It is three storey structure with basement . Building have one main entrance gate on north
side and the premise is well approachable for vehicles from east and north side main road.

WATER SUPPLY
 FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM
1
 INDEX

● FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

● FIRE VEHICULAR ACCESS
● ACTIVE SYSTEM
● PASSIVE SYSTEM
● FlOOR PLAN ANALYSIS
● CONCLUSION

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FIRE
PROTECTION
SYSTEM

Active system Passive system

1.Fire detection system 1. Fire rated Door

● HEAT DETECTOR
● SMOKE DETECTOR

2.Fire Alarm system 2. Fire Safety Wall

● FIRE ALARM BELL

● MANUAL BREAK POINT

3.Fire Intercom system 3. Fire Mean Access

and Remote handset
system

4. Main Fire control system 4. Fire Appliance Access

● FIRE CONTROL PANEL ROOM
● FIRE PUMP ROOM

5. Water based system

● SPRINKLER SYSTEM
● HOSE REEL SYSTEM
● WATER HYDRANT SYSTEM

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 BASEMENT PLAN

Panel Room

Fire Staircase
Smoke check lobby

Fire check lobby

Fire Tank

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Fire Staircase
Fire escape Stairs

Fire escape lift

Fire Resistance Door

at entry

Fire Resistance
Wall

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

4.FireLift
Fire Lift

4.Fire Escape passage

4.Fire Safety Wall

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 SECOND FLOOR PLAN

3.Fire Lift
1.Fire Tender access 2.Compartmentation
Fire Escape Corridor

4.Fire Escape passage

Fire check lobby

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 FIRE VEHICULAR ACCESS

Index

Fire brigade vehicle access

Mall Boundary

Road

Analysis -
Building have one main entrance gate on north side
In ideal case The fire control room should be accessible via 2
and the premise is well approachable for fire brigade
travel paths. one from front entrance and other from public
vehicles from east and north side main road.
place for a fire isolated passageway , and has 2hr frd. But in
case of inorbit mall ,malad the fire control room is located in
Width of the existing road - 6m
basement and it has only one access door.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 1.Fire Detection system

Fire
Detection
system

smoke detection system heat detectors system

The entire proposed premises is provided with smoke detection system along with the control panel & hooters as per BIS specification
and its panel is installed in the reception/security cabin.

Fire detection system provide warning of fire outbreak before the situation worsens hence allowing the appropriate fire fighting actions to
take place

● A smoke detector is an electronic fire-protection device that automatically senses the presence of smoke, as a key indication of fire,
and sounds a warning to building occupants-
●
● heat detectors -A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the
temperature of a heat sensitive element.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 1.Fire Detection system

Approx 9 m

Smoke detection system For Ground Floor

The entire proposed premises is provided with smoke detection system

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 2. Fire Alarm System

Fire Alarm
System

Fire alarm bell Manual Break Points Announcement Speaker

Fire alarm bell

fire alarm will activated by either smooth detectors and heat detectors for someone break the glass of manual break point. sound of alarm
Bell operates to alert people that they may be of fire and the people able respond to escape from the building after hearing the alarm Bell
rang.

Manual Break Points

This is the system that connects to fire alarm Bell it is emergency break glass device that enables the occupants to raise alarm manually
when the fire alarm might not be detected the way to activate it is just to break the frangible element on the fascia.

Announcement Speaker
speakers is to assure able to provide clear effective communication while emergency happen is special in fire where there is a fire the
announcer will make announcement from the control room and tell about the situation and let the occupants to leave safely.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 3. Fire Intercom system and Remote handset system

Fire Intercom System

Fire Intercom system provide two way Audio communication between remote areas and the fire command canter in building
The system consists a master control console and remote control handsets are at the designated areas.

Remote handsets Cabinet's

These telephone handsets are permanently installed throughout a building to allow firefighters easy communication with the main
control panel.The remote handset stations are located at staircase at every level.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 4. Main Fire control panel

Fire Resistance Wall

Location of fire control panel - Basement

● Fire Control Room -

● Analysis -
● It is centre or heart of the building as all the controls for buildings
In ideal case The fire control room should be accessible via
fire protection system , fire pumps , secondary water supply, AHU
2 travel paths. one from front entrance and other from
systems, stairwell door controls , communication systems and
public place for a fire isolated passageway , and has 2hr frd.
elevator controls.
But in case of inorbit mall ,malad the fire control room is
●
located in basement and it has only one access door.
●
● Panel room admeasuring 113.90 Sq.mts is proposed against
● parking space and same is taken free of FSI as per DCR
regulation
● 35(3)(vi).
● Dimensions of Panel room - 29.06 x 3.75
● It consist of Fire Resistance Wall
●

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 1

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 5. Water based system

Water
Based
system

Sprinkler Hose Reel system Fire Hydrant system

system

1.Dry Pipe system 1.Dry Hydrant / Dry

1.Spring
2.Wet Pipe system Barrel Hydrant
2.Manual
3.Deluge system 2.Wet Hydrant/ wet
3. Motor
4.Pre-action system Barrel Hydrant
5.Antifreeze system

● List of equipments installed for hydrant and sprinkler system :

●
● 1)75 hp Main pump set for hydrant system - 1 set
● 2)60 hp Main pump set for sprinkler system - 1set
● 3)10 hp jockey pump set for hydrant system - 1 set
● 4)7.5 hp jockey pump set for sprinkler system - 1set
● 5)10 hp booster pump set - 1set
● 6) Control Panel to operate pump set in Auto/manual mode - 1set
● 7)Internal hydrant valves - 12 no.
● 8)Courtyard hydrant valves - 12 no.
● 9)Hose reel drums - 40 no

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 3. Fire Pump Room and Fire Tank

Fire
Pump
Room

Fire Water
Storage Tank

Hose Reel
Sprinkler
System
System

Pump
Required
Location of fire pump room and fire tank - Basement

● Fire pump room plays an crucial part on

order for fire fighting system to actually work
during a fire breakout. it has all the pump
system and the water storage tanks.
● Water storage for the sprinkler system and Jockey Pump Duty Pump standby Pump
the hose reel system is located in the fire
pump room which is in basement of the
structure.
●
● Fire water tank is located in basement .
● Two water tank of Dimension - 4.08 X 7.56
● Capacity of Fire water tank -
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 5. Water based system - Sprinkler System

Distribution of water from fire storage tank to

the sprinkler System r through the pumps

● Fire sprinkler system consists of water supply system which provides pressure to water distribution piping system where the
sprinklers are connected .It requires Central control and test gear , there are four types of sprinkler system -Wet pipe , Dry pipe ,
Deluge and preaction.
●
● Automatic sprinkler system comprises of
● 1)Pipe works and valves
● 2)Pumping system
● 3)Sprinkler water tank
● 4)Control valve set
● 5)Sprinkler head
● 6)Flow and pressure switches
●
● The sprinkler system in mall is the wet pipe fire sprinkler system which is considered as common and implemented in todays
buildings.60 hp Main pump set for sprinkler system - 1set , 7.5 hp jockey pump set for sprinkler system - 1set
● The entire premises is provided with automatic sprinkler system as per standard IS specification.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 5. Water based system - Hose Reel system

Hose reel drums

Distribution of water from fire storage tank
to the hose reels through the pumps

● Hose reel system is designed for the occupants or firemen to use during
early stages of fire breakout.It consist of a series of pipes where high
pressure water is connected to hoses.
●
● Two pumps that are required in enabling this are duty pump and standby
pump.
●
● 40 no of Hose reel drums are used in entire mall premises.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 5. Water based system - Fire Hydrant system

Distribution of water from fire storage tank

to the fire hydrant system

● A fire hydrant is a source of water which is provided in the most urban,

suburban and rural areas with public water services to enable the fire
fighters to tap into the water supply easily in attempts of extinguishing a
fire.

● 10 hp jockey pump set for hydrant system , 1 set 75 hp Main pump set for
hydrant system - 1 set i used in fire hydrant system.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 ACTIVE SYSTEM - 6. Fire Extinguisher and Co2 suppression system

Fire Extinguisher
Portable fire extinguisher are manually operated appliances used to stop or limit the growth of small fires.

● Portable type
● ABC type 6 kgs capacity- 54 no.
● Co2 type 4.5 kgs capacity - 32no
● The staff shall be trained in basic fire fighting, use of fire extinguishers and for evacuation
● Two water type CO2 stored pressure fire extinguishers of capacity 9 ltrs. & Two dry chemical powder (ABC type) fire extinguishers of
09kgs. capacity each with BIS mark along with four buckets filled with dry clean sand shall be kept at every 100 sq.mtrs area on each
floor at prominent & easily accessible places.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM -1. Fire rated Door

Fire-rated doors are constructed of materials that work together

to slow or stop the spread of flames, smoke and, in certain
applications, radiant and conductive heat transfer. Common
materials include wood, steel, fiberglass and fire-rated glass—or
a combination of these materials.
In Inorbit mall there are FRD at 2nd floor and basement
specifying the entry & exit of Fire Resistant Wall.
Fire doors are required to be self-closing and positive latching
FRD are subjected to endurance testing where the specimen is
exposed to extreme heat of up to 1925 degrees F for the
maximum 180 minute rating.

FIRE RATED DOOR IN INORBIT MALL

1 . Second floor - 12 doors 2 . Basement floor - 3 doors

Fire
Related
Door

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 2. Fire Resistance Wall
Fire resistant walls are designed to contain a fire to a room or
building for a designated time period. The wall's rating indicates
how long it can keep a fire from spreading. Fire resistant walls
provide sufficient time to discover a fire, control it and evacuate the
building if necessary. It is coated with Fire retarded Paint

FIRE RESISTANCE WALL IN INORBIT MALL

Section of Fire resistance wall at Cinema

FIRE RESISTANCE WALL IN INORBIT MALL

At Fire Escape Lift

At Fire Check Lobby

At Fire Check Lobby

At Loft Entry At Second Floor near Fire escape

At Panel Room & AHU Room Area Area passage/route .

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 4. Fire Mean Access For Parking

Fire escape Lift

Staircase

In case of basement being used as

car parking only, the travel distance
shall be 45 m

In case of basement for office, sufficient number of exit ways

and access ways shall be provided with a travel distance not
more than 15.0 m. The travel distance in case of dead-end
shall be 7.5 m. iii) The basement shall be partitioned and in no
case compartment shall be more than 500 sq m. and less than
50 sq m. area except parking.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 4. Fire Mean Access on Ground Floor

Fire department access roads require 20 ft (6.1 m) of Fire escape passage

unobstructed width, 13.5 ft (4.1 m) of unobstructed vertical
clearance and an appropriate radius for turns in the roads
and dead ends for the vehicles apparatus to turn around Staircase

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 4. Fire Mean Access on First Floor

Fire escape passage

Staircase

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 4. Fire Mean Access on Second Floor

Fire escape passage

Staircase

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 PASSIVE SYSTEM - 4. Fire Lift

● The lift shall have a floor area of not less than 1.4 sq.mt. It shall have a
loading capacity of not less than 545 kg. (8 persons lift) with automatic
closing doors.
● The operation of a fire lift shall by a single toggle of two-button switch
situated in a glass-fronted box adjacent to the lift at the entrance level.
When the switch is on landing; call points will become inoperative and
the lift will be on car control only or on a priority control device. When
the switch is off, the lift will return to normal working. This lift can be
used by the occupants in normal times.
● The words 'F1RE LIFT' shall be conspicuously displayed in fluorescent
paint on the lift landing doors at each floor level.
● The speed of the fire lift shall be such that it can reach to the top floor
from ground level within one minute

Fire Escape Lift at Inorbit mall

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 1

 WATER SUPPLY
2
 WATER SUPPLY

REQUIREMENT OF WATER SUPPLY

● FIRE FIGHTING
● TOILETS
● KITCHENS
● STORAGE

Water is supplied from Bhandup complex water treatment plant from there it's supplied in Malad r reservoir. From there, with help of
underground system supplied on site in basement water tank from their with help of indirect water supply system it is transferred to
overhead tank and than to kitchen, toilets,fire fighting requirements etc.

ACCORDING TO DCPR
(a) RESTAURANTS (PER SEAT) 70
(b) OTHER BUSINESS BUILDINGS 45

FLUSHING STORAGE REQUIREMENT

FOR CINEMAS , PUBLIC ASSEMBLY HALLS, ETC. - 900 LITRES PER W.C. SEAT AND 350 LITRES PER URINAL SEAT

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

PROCEDURE OF WATER TREATMENT

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY TO
WATER COLLECTION WATER TREATMENT SITE
RESERVOIR{MALAD}}

TO WATER TANK
NON RETURN VALVE
BASEMENT METER BOX CUTOFF VALVE

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

Indirect water supply system is used over here

WATER SUPPLIED FOR FROM OVER HEAD TANK

PUMPED TO OVER HEAD (DRINKING/COOKING)(FIRE WATER COMES DOWN
WATER TANK {BASEMENT}
TANK FIGHTING)(FLUSHING)(AIR THROUGH PIPES WHICH ARE
CONDITIONING) COVERED IN DUCTS{WITH
THE HELP OF GRAVITY}

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

DIAGRAM OF ENTIRE WATER SUPPLY IIN THE MALL

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY ON BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY ON GROUND FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY ON SECOND FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY ON TERRACE PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

From underground water tan to

overhead water tank

PIPELINE BASEMENT PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

Down take plan

PIPELINE TERRACE PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

PIPELINE TERRACE PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

PIPELINE SECOND-FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

PIPELINE FIRST-FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 WATER SUPPLY

PIPELINE GROUND-FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

For drainage every toilet area have ducts for drainage system so pipeline travel through ducts and gets connected to inspection
chamber and to main drainage system out side

SEWAGE TOILETS THROUGH DUCTS

PIPES ARE TAKEN DOWN

CONNECTED TO IC MAIN SEWAGE LINE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT SEA

WATER SUPPLY
 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DRAINAGE ON THE GROUND FLOOR PLAN

WATER SUPPLY
 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
3
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY

The physical system of electrical power supply in

Inorbit mall is broadly into 3 sector :

● The power generation sector

● The transmission system and distribution sector
● The retail sector

The Distribution of the Electric supply & services is

performed through the safety equipments during the
flow, in accordance to human safety.

TRANSMISSION
RETAIL -
&
CONSUMERS
DISTRIBUTION

ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM

SAFETY POWER
EQUIPMENTS GENERATION

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL SPATIAL SUPPLY

SUBSTATION RISER ROOM

( SIDE SWITCH
BOARD AT EACH
LEVEL )
TRANSFORMER BUS BAR
SUPPLIER LOW TENSION
HIGH TENSION ROOM ( MAIN
ROOM SWITCH BOARD)

ELECTRICAL ROOM
( DISTRIBUTION
BOARD AT EACH
FLOOR )

MAIN SUPPLY
DIESEL
GENERATOR SETS
BACKUP SUPPLY

OPERATION FLOW DIAGRAM

Components of System :

SUBSTATION HIGH TENSION ROOM TRANSFORMER LOW TENSION ROOM RISER ROOM

PANEL ROOM METER ROOM MAIN SWITCH DISTRIBUTION ROOM CIRCUIT

BOARD BREAKERS

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL ZONING

PARKING AREA

SERVICE YARD

PARKING AREA

SUBSTATION MTNL ROOM SERVICE SHAFT

METER ROOM PLANT ROOM LIFT

BASEMENT PLAN PANEL ROOM ESCALATOR PIT LIFT MACHINE ROOM

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL ZONING

TS
D.G SE

LOCATION OF D.G SETS

SUBSTATION

SERVICE SHAFT
ENTRANCE
LIFT

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

PART PLAN SUPPLY DIAGRAM

( ENLARGED)

SUBSTATION

PLANT ROOM PANEL ROOM

POWER SUPPLIER METER ROOM

DISTRIBUTION PANEL

METER
ROOM
MTNL TEL. ROOM
MAIN SWITCH

METER
PLANT ROOM ROOM
LIFT
RISER
MACHINE
RISER ROOM
ROOM
PANEL ROOM
ROOM
RISER
LIFT MACHINE ROOM ROOM

EQUIPMENTS
( Consumer Use )

BASEMENT PLAN

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
LIVE WIRE NEUTRAL WIRE

240

240

240

Single Phase & 3-Phase Distribution 480 V

SIDE SWITCH BOARD DISTRIBUTION BOARD

A 3-phase distribution board splits up the feed of electrical power

into subsidiary circuits, and at the same time will ensure there is a The Inorbit Mall is designated as 3-phase and 1-phase power
fuse to provide adequate protection, or even a circuit breaker to supply depending the usage the tenants. Larger Consumer units,
provide protection, in a single enclosure. restaurants require 3-phase of power supply, while smaller inner
Connecting via the busbars, the three incoming phase wires on the unit such as food stall uses 1-phase of power supply.
distribution board, connect to the centre panel main switch.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

ELECTRICAL TRUNKING

BUS DUCT RISER

Rising Mains System : SUB SWITCHBOARDS TAP OFF UNITS

Rising electrical mains are a type of electrical main which distributes power
Advantages :
and provides electricity at each level. An Electrical Distribution Board will
deliver the electricity to each storey & separate electric meters are installed - Occupies Less Space
at each level. This System enables Vertical Distribution of Power Supply. - Less Fire Hazard , as per NBC
- Additional Power can be tapped from rising main in future
- It is technically Superior
Earth Fault Relay associated with the protection C.Ts could be used to
achieve automatic disconnection within 5 seconds during an earth fault.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

SWITCHBOARD MEDIUM POWER

BUSBAR TRUNKING

SMALL POWER
BUSBAR TRUNKING

TAP-OFF FEEDING
BUSBAR DISTRIBUTION

COPPER BUSBAR

Connection Diagram
Busbar Trunking System

Advantages :
Busbars, also known as busbar trunking systems, distribute electricity (a) Reduced, on site installation times when compared to
with greater ease and flexibility than some other more permanent forms hard-wired systems thus leading to cost savings.
of installation and distribution.
(b) Increased flexibility in design and versatility with regard to
Copper is a common conductive metal used in busbars and many future modifications.
electrical utilities around the world. Copper is chosen for it’s resilience
to higher temperatures, providing extra security during short circuit (c) Increased safety features brought about by the use of high
situations. quality, manufactured components, which provide greater safety
and peace of mind for specifiers, contractors and end-users.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

VERTICAL SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION BOARD SWITCH BOARD CONSUMER EQUIPMENTS

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPONENTS

HIGH TENSION ROOM

The high-tension line has an operating voltage of 33KV, so the operating voltage of this line will range from 11Kv
to 33KV and if it is above 33KV then it is called an extra high tension line. We can’t see many faults in high
tension lines because it is not directly connected to the load. The higher voltage transmission would need larger
structures with longer insulator chains

SUBSTATION

A substation is an electrical system with high-voltage capacity and can be used to control the apparatus, generators,
electrical circuits, etc. The Substations are mainly used to convert AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current). Some
types of substations are tiny in size with an inbuilt transformer as well as related switches. Other types of substations are
very huge with different types of transformers, equipment, circuit breakers, and switches.

TRANSFORMER

A power transformer is a static machine used for transforming power from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. As
there is no rotating or moving parts, a transformer is classified as a static device. Transformer operates on an AC supply. Transformers
operate based on the principle of mutual induction.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRICAL SPATIAL SUPPLY

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an

electricity generation, transmission and distribution
system where voltage is transformed from high to
low or the reverse using transformers..

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPONENTS

Low Tension Room Main Switch Board Arrangement Main Switch Board

The Low Tension Room and the Main Switch Board receive stepped Main switchboard – assembled unit of electrotechnical
down current from the transformer to allow electricity to further components. It is used for receiving, measuring and distribution of
distributed to Riser room. electrical energy and protects the network from overload,
short-circuit and current leak.
he Low Voltage Room, also known as the Low Tension Room,
houses the main switches of different facilities in a building. The The primary components of a switchboard structure are the frame,
transformers will then transfer the respective currents to each panel. bus, overcurrent protective devices, instrumentation, enclosures
and exterior covers.The bus, which is either copper or aluminum, is
LT Panels are used with low tension cables to obtain power from the mounted within this frame.
generator or transformer and distribute electricity to various electrical
devices and distribution boards

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPONENTS

Meter Room And Distribution Board

The Meter Room is located in the Basement of the Mall. An electric meter, or energy meter, is a device that measures the amount of electric
energy consumed by a building, tenant space, or electrically powered equipment.
● Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises to measure electric energy delivered to their customers for billing
purposes.

● The Power supply from the Meter Room is distributed to various circuits or consumer points/Shops , Lighting , Ventilation etc.. The
Distribution Board Panel included fuses , circuit breakers and ground leakage protection units.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SAFETY APPLIANCES

Default Stage Tripped Stage

AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER Operation Diagram

An air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is an electrical device used to provide When the circuit breaker is being opened, the main contacts open
Overcurrent and short-circuit protection for electric circuits over 800 first. When the main contacts opened the arcing contacts are still in
Amps to 10K Amps. These are usually used in low voltage applications touch with each other. As the current gets a parallel low resistive
below 450V. We can find these systems in Distribution Panels (below path through the arcing contact.
450V)
● During the opening of main contacts, there will not be any
● Air circuit breaker is circuit operation breaker that operates in the air arcing in the main contact. The arcing is only initiated when
as an arc extinguishing medium, at a given atmospheric pressure. finally the arcing contacts are separated. The each of the arc
contacts is fitted with an arc runner which helps. The arc
● The Air Circuit Breakers are installed in each panel of Main Switch discharge to move upward due to both thermal and
Board located in Low Tension Room electromagnetic effects

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SAFETY APPLIANCES

Residual Current Circuit Breaker Moulded Case CIrcuit Breaker

RCCB stands for Residual Current Circuit Breaker. This residual Moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB) is a type of electrical
current device is basically an electrical wiring device that protection device that is used to protect the electrical circuit
disconnects the circuit whenever there is leakage through the Human from excessive current, which can cause overload or short
body or the current is not balanced between the phase conductor. circuit. With a current rating of up to 2500A,

It is the safest device to detect and trip against electrical leakage MCCBs can be used for a wide range of voltages and
currents, thus ensure protection against electric shock caused by frequencies with adjustable trip settings. These breakers are
direct contacts. RCCB which protects them from over current and used instead of miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) in large scale
short circuit current. Both phase and neutral wires PV systems for system isolation and protection purposes.
are connected through a RCCB device.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPONENTS

RISER ROOM RISER ROOM SIDE SWITCH BOARD

The Riser room are strategically located at every level in the malls to allow current to pass from Main Switch Board to the electrical
facilities . It has electrical distribution equipment such as side switch board with switchgear and panels that supply electricity mainly to
those higher voltage machines for instance lift and elevator

● The riser rom also allow vertical cables to carry electricity to the upper floors of the mall
For instance the plants and machine at the rooftop such as chiller plants, cooling towers and lift motor rooms.

● Electrical rooms in the inorbit mall share similar function with the riser room which it transfers to the electrical appliances in every
storey in the mall. The only difference is electrical room carries less amounts of voltage compared to the riser room.

● It has Electrical Distribution equipments such as Side Switch Board with switchgears and panels that supply electricity to those higher
voltage machines.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 ELECTRIC SUPPLY BACK-UP

LOCATION OF D.G SETS

DIESEL GENERATOR SET ( D.G Sets ) Location : Ground Floor (Outdoors)

The diesel fuel tank is connected to the generator in order to power the operation of the machine after the engine is started. The fuel in
tank in gardens mall is elevated higher than the machine to avoid unnecessary collision and also to perform hydraulic system to supply
the diesel efficiently to the generator. The diesel fuel allows combustion of the motor and electric current is generated to further
distributed to low tension room and rest of the compartments to be used in the entire building

● Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to a power grid, or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails, as well
as for more complex applications such as peak-lopping, grid support and export to the power grid.

● Proper sizing of diesel generators is critical to avoid low-load or a shortage of power. Sizing is complicated by the characteristics of
modern electronics, specifically non-linear loads.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM
4 TRANSPORTATION
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

Introduction :
The Mechanical Transportation System is a fundamental component of a building.
The System comprises of transport devices, to move the passengers and freight
vertically and horizontally by mechanical means. Besides accelerating people’s
movement, it increases productivity and efficiency of users.

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM ZONING

BASEMENT PLAN

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

ENTRANCE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

ESCALATORS

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 MECHANICAL SYSTEM

ESCALATORS

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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