reaches a group of spectators, they w

tical axis is set by us ! 4.0 m/s. The

stand with a cheer and then sit. At Figure 16-29 Problem 2. wave has the generic form y(x, t) !
any instant, the width w of the wave What harmonic
ym sin(kx # vt "frequency
f). Whatisthen nextishigher
f? after the
–us harmonic fre- ••54 Tw
quency
is the distance from the leading edge (people are just about to stand) 195 A
(Caution: Hz?
calculator does not always with the sa
to the trailing edge (people have just sat down). Suppose a human Figure 16-32 Problem 8. wavelength
•48give the proper inverse trig function,
If a transmission line in asocold climate collects ice, the
wave travels a distance of 853 seats around a stadium in 39 s, with check your
increased answertends
diameter by substituting it
to cause vortex formation in a passing other alon
PHYS1006,
spectators requiring class
about 1.8 16
to the wave’s passage by
s to respond stretched a
and The
wind. an assumed valuevariations
air pressure of v into y(x, t) and
in the then plotting
vortexes tend tothe function.)
cause the
standing and then sitting.What are (a) with
7 Problems to solve 70speed
the wave points.
v (in
seats per
line resultant w
second) and (b) width w (in number of seats)? ••9to Aoscillate (gallop),
sinusoidal wave especially
mov- if the frequency of the d
varia-
in Fig. 16-4
tions
ing matches
along a astring
resonant frequency of ythe line. In long lines, the
is shown
1. A sinusoidal wave moving along a string
•3 A wave has an angular frequency of 110 rad/s and a wave- resonant is shown twice in Fig. travels fro
twice infrequencies
Fig. 16-33, as arecrest
so close
A that almost any wind A speed can
ward displ
16-33,
length of 1.80 as crest(a)Athe
m. Calculate travels
angularinwave
the number
positiveanddirection
settravels of an
up a resonant x
modeaxis by
vigorous
in the positive direc- enough to pull down support tow-
(b) the speed of the wave. erstion
or cause the line to short out with an adjacent line. If a transmis- treme down
distance d = 6.0cm in 4.0ms. The tick marks along the
of anaxis areby
x axis distance in 6.0 ms. T
•4 A sand scorpion can cm;
de- height H = 6.00 mm. The sion line
6.0has
dequation
! cmafor
length
in the4.0of 347The
ms.
H
m, a linear density of 3.35 kg/m, and a x
separated by 10 tension of 65.2 MN,thewhat
waveareare
(a) the frequency of the fundamental the axis are
l m sin(k x ± ωt)v,l so what
tect the motion of a nearby beetle tick marks along axis
is in the form y(x,
(its prey) by the waves the motion
t) = vy mode are
and (a)
(b) y
the , (b) k,
frequency
separated by 10 cm; height
m (c)
difference between successive modes? for one of t
the equatio
sends alongωthe , andsand(d)surface
the correct
(Fig. choice of sign in front of•49 ωH?! ILW 6.00Amm. nylon The equation
guitar string has a D the sign in f
16-30). The waves are of two types: for the wave is
linear density of 7.20 g/m and in the form
is under a Figure 16-33 Problem 9.
transverse 2.waves y(x, traveling
t)of! sin(kx
ymN.The so are in the same direction ••55 T
What traveling at
phase difference between two identical tension 150 waves,% vt),
fixed supports
moving on a horizo
vt ! 50 m/s and longitudinal waves what are
distance D! (a) ymcm
90.0 , (b)apart.
k, (c)The v, andstring(d) the correct choice of sign in
along a stretched string, results in the combined
traveling at vl ! 150 m/s. If a sud- is front
waveof v?in
oscillating
having an amplitude
the standing wave pat-
1.50
Figuretimes that of49.
16-39 Problem the plane:
den motioncommon amplitude
waves, a of the two combining waves? Express y
sends out such d tern••10 shown Fig.your
Thein equation16-39.of answer
Calculate
a transverse
in
the (a) degrees,
(a)wave
speed, (b)along
radians,
(b) wavelength,
traveling aandvery
scorpion canandtell (c)
the wavelengths.
distance of the vt vt (c) frequency of the traveling waves
long string is y ! 6.0 sin(0.020px " 4.0pt), where x and whose superposition gives
y are thisex- y
beetle from the difference $t in the standing
pressed wave.
in centimeters and t is in seconds. Determine (a) the ampli- with x in m
arrival times of the waves at its leg tude, In the time
3. For a particular transverse standing wave on
••50a long For the
(b) wavelength,
astring,
particular of(c)the
onetransverse the frequency, ys (d) the speed, (e) the
nearest the beetle. If $t ! 4.0 ms, direction of propagation of the wave, and (f) the maximum trans- ward displa
antinodes is at x = 0 and an adjacent node standing
is atspeedwave
x =of on0.10
a longm. string,The one
what is the beetle’s distance? Beetle verse a particle in the string. (g) What is the transverse does each w
displacement
wave travelsy(t) of theFigure
string
16-30 particle at x =of the antinodes is at x ! 0 and an
0displacement
is shown in Fig. 16-40,

y (cm)
•5 A sinusoidal along Problem 4. adjacent node isatatx ! x! 3.50.10
cmm. when Thet ! 0 t (s) ••56 A st
a string. Thewhere
time forthe ascale of the y-axis is set by ys = 4.0 cm.
particular 0.26 When
s? ty(t)
= 0.50s, whatparti- is 0.5 1.5 2.0
displacement of the string y (cm)
point to move y
thefrom maximum displacement
displacement to zero isparticle
of the string 0.170 s. What
at (a)cle••11
xat=x !0.20m 0 sinusoidal
A is shown andintransverse
(b)Fig.x16-40, =wave s
are the (a) period and (b) frequency? (c) The wavelength is 1.40 m; where the scale of20 thecm y axis is set
=byis a –ys 0 where x an
t (s)
0.30m?
what is the wave speed? What is the transverse velocity of they of (c)
!
wavelength
t cm.
4.0
= 0.50s
When t
and
!
travels
0.50
(d)s,
t along
what
10
the locatio
Slope s string in the positive direction of an –ys
••6 1.0s? (e)
A sinusoidal Sketch
wave travelsthe 0.2
standing wave at t = 0.50sthexfor theThe
displacement
axis. range of xthe=string
displacement 0 toparticle
xy =of the Figure 16-40 Problem 50. est, and (c)
0.40m.
along a string under tension. at string
(a) x !particle
0.20 m and at (b)
x !x0!is0.30 m? in
given Figure 16-34 Problem 11. oscillatory
Figure 16-31 gives the slopes 0 x (m) What Fig. is16-34
the transverse
as a function velocity
of timeof the string
t. The particle
scale at xvertical
of the ! 0.20 m axisat is speed and
0 (c)set 0.50ys s !
and
along the string at time
4. Two t ! 0. The
sound waves, from two different xs sources t !by
with the4.0(d)
same t !The
cm. 1.0 s?wave (e) Sketch
frequency, equation
540 the standing
Hz, be wave
is to travel inat the
in the tform
! to produce
scale of the x axis is set by xs ! –0.2 0.50y(x, s for
t) !theyrange x ! 0 to x ! 0.40 m.
m sin(kx % vt " f). (a) At t ! 0, is a plot of y versus x in
and (i) thi
same direction at 330 m/s. The sources are in phase.
0.80 m. What is the amplitude of the shape
What of a
ispositive
the phase difference
sine function
of the waves
or a negative
at a
sineoffunction? verse veloc
Figure 16-31 Problem 6. ••51 SSM WWW Two waves are generated on a string length
the wave? point that is 4.40 m from one source and 4.00 m from
3.0Whatm toare the other?
(b) ym,a(c)
produce k, (d) v, (e)
three-loop f, (f) wave
standing the sign in an
with front of v, andof(g)
amplitude ••57 A ge
••7 A transverse sinusoidal wave is moving along a string in the 1.0 thecm. speed
The of
wavethe wave?
speed (h)
is What
100 m/s. is the
Let transverse
the equation velocity
for oneof of
thethepar- given by
5. A sound
positive direction source
of an x axis with A and aofre80 m/s.
a speed ecting
At t surface
! 0, the Bwavesticle be
move at xof !the0 when
directly t ! 5.0
formtoward
y(x, t) !s?yeach
m sin(kx other.
" vt).Relative
In the equationto thefor air,
the
y
string particle
theatspeed
x ! 0 ofhassource
a transverse displacement
A is 29.9 m/s, the 4.0 cm ofother
of speed ••12wave,The
surface what are
B isfunction
65.8(a) ym/s,
m, (b)
y(x, k,!(c)
t)and v, and
(15.0
the cm) (d)
speed the
cos(px ofsign
# in front
15pt),
sound of329
with
is v?x in
from its equilibrium position and is not moving. The maximum
m/s. The source emits waves at a frequency of 1200 Hz as measured in the source frame. In theis
••52meters A and
rope, t in
underseconds,
a describes
tension of 200 aNwave
and on
fixeda taut
at string.
both What
ends, os- and a gene
re ector frame, what are the (a) frequency andcillates in a second-harmonic standing wave pattern. The displace-
(b) wavelength of the arriving sound waves? In the y
ment of the rope is given by
source frame, what are the (c) frequency and (d) wavelength of the sound waves re ected back to
y ! (0.10 m)(sin px/2) sin 12pt, Calculate t
the source?
where x ! 0 at one end of the rope, x is in meters, and t is in sec- wave. For
smallest, (e
6. What fraction of the volume of an icebergonds. What are
(density 917(a)kg/m
the 3length of the
) would berope, (b) the
visible speed
if the of the
iceberg x % 0, wha
waves on 3the rope, and (c) the mass of the rope? (d) If the rope os-
oats (a) in the ocean (salt water, density 1024 kg/m
cillates in a) third-harmonic
and (b) in a standing
river (freshwater, density
wave pattern, what 1000
will be the (h) second
3 period of oscillation? ••58 In
kg/m )?
••53 A string oscillates according to the equation and runnin
Separation
7. A water pipe having a 2.5 cm inside diameter carries water into the basement of a house at a
speed of 0.90 m/s and a pressure of 170 kPa. If the y#pipe tapers
! (0.50 cm) sin " p3 cm
to 1.2 cm$1#and rises tos$1the
x cos[(40p
oor 7.6 m above the input point, what are the (a) speed and (b) water pressure at the second oor?
)t]. second ! $ Osci

What are the (a) amplitude and (b) speed of the two waves
(identical except for direction of travel) whose superposition
gives this oscillation? (c) What is the distance between nodes?
(d) What is the transverse speed of a particle of the string at the
position x ! 1.5 cm when t ! 98 s?
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