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Rate Ratio Proportion Variation Exercise

1. The document contains 9 problems involving rates, ratios, proportions and variations. The problems cover topics like proving equal ratios, finding possible values of variables from given ratios, determining the speed or number of copies that maximize profit or break even. 2. The solutions involve applying the Equal Ratio Theorem and properties of proportions to set up and solve equations relating the variables. Substitution is used to determine values that satisfy the given conditions. 3. Key results include finding the speed (30 km/h) that maximizes profit, the percentage profit (25%) at a given speed, and the number of copies needed to break even on publishing a book.

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452 views4 pages

Rate Ratio Proportion Variation Exercise

1. The document contains 9 problems involving rates, ratios, proportions and variations. The problems cover topics like proving equal ratios, finding possible values of variables from given ratios, determining the speed or number of copies that maximize profit or break even. 2. The solutions involve applying the Equal Ratio Theorem and properties of proportions to set up and solve equations relating the variables. Substitution is used to determine values that satisfy the given conditions. 3. Key results include finding the speed (30 km/h) that maximizes profit, the percentage profit (25%) at a given speed, and the number of copies needed to break even on publishing a book.

Uploaded by

education maths
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rate, ratio, proportion and variation

1. If a : b = c : d, prove that (a – b) : (a + b) = (c – d) : (c + d) .

Hence, solve the equation : .

2. If , prove that either


x : a = b : y or x : b = y : a .

3. If , prove that each of these ratios is equal to .

Hence, show that either x = y or x + y = z .

4. Given that , prove that if x  z , then each side is equal to .

Hence, prove that .

5. If and , find the possible values of x, y and z. .

6. The receipts on a railway vary as the excess of speed above 20 km/h, while the expenses vary as the
square of that excess .
(a) Find the speed at which the profits will be greatest, if at 40 km/h the expenses are just covered.
(b) What percentage of the receipts is the profit, when the speed is 35 km/h ?

7. The expense of publishing a book varies partly on the cost of setting up the type, which is a constant
and partly on the cost of printing, which varies as the number of copies required. If 630 copies are
sold, a loss of 10% is incurred and if 980 copies are sold, a gain of 12% is made. How many
copies must be sold just to pay expenses ?

8. Solve the equations :

(a)

(b)

9. If for all real values of x, y and z, show that .

1
Solution

1. for some constant k .

2.

3.

By Equal Ratio Theorem, .

Now, we have

By Equal Ratio Theorem again, , if (x – z) + y  0 .

Then either k = = 1 or the denominator (x – z) + y = 0 . Result follows.

4.

By Equal Ratio Theorem,

2
 , if x  z .

By Equal Ratio Theorem,

 , if x  z .

5.

Substitute this equalities in , we get

6. Let R = receipts, E = expenses, v = velocity

, where k , m are constants .

(a) By given when v = 40, R = E


 k(40 – 20) = m(40 – 20)2  k = 20m
Profit = R – E
=

 The speed at which the profits will be greatest is 30 km/h .

(b) When the speed is 35 km/h,


R = 20m(35 – 20) = 300m
E = m(35 – 20)2 = 225m
Profit = 300m – 225m = 75m

Required Percentage =

7. , where E = expense, k1 = cost of setting up the type, C = number of copies,


and k2C = cost of printing .
3
Let P be the selling price of the book.

If 630 copies are sold, …. (1)


If 980 copies are sold, …. (2)

(2) – (1), 175P = 350k2 …. (3)


(3)(1),
If x copies are sold just to pay expenses, then xP = k 1 + xk2 .

8. (a) From (1) and (2),

 x = 2k , y = 5k , z = 3k , where k is a constant .

Substitute in (3),  81k2 = 9 .

 .

(b) From (1) and (2),

 x = 2k , y = k , z = k , where k is a constant .
Substitute in (3),  9k2 = 9

9. (1) + (2) +(3), (a + b + c) (x + y + z) = 0 for all real values of x, y and z .


 a+b+c=0
Since

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