Laporan Alam Sekitar-JAS 2020

KEMENTERIAN
ALAM SEKITAR DAN AIR

Ministry of Environment and Water
ING ENV
L I L IR
E ON
E K M
S
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AM
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AL
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N KUALITI
QUA
LITY R
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2020
KEMENTERIAN
ALAM SEKITAR DAN AIR
Ministry of Environment and Water
ING ENV
L I L IR
E ON
E K M
S
E
AM
N
TA
AL
L
N KUALITI
QUA
LITY R
R A
E
O
P
P
O
A
R
L
2020
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Copyright 2020 DOE
This publication may be reproduced in whole

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or non-profit purpose without special
permission from the copyright holder; provided
acknowledgement of the source is made and a
copy is sent to the Department of Environment.
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resale or any other commercial purpose
whatsoever without prior permission in writing
from the Department of Environment, Malaysia
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4
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
BAB 1 | CHAPTER 1
KUALITI UDARA | AIR QUALITY
• Pengawasan Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................. 10
• Status Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Status ...................................................................................................................... 11
• Tren Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Trend ........................................................................................................................... 23
BAB 2 | CHAPTER 2
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI | RIVER WATER QUALITY
• Program Pengawasan Kualiti Alam Sekitar / .............................................................................................................. 38
The Environmental Quality Monitoring Programme (EQMP)
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Manual / Manual River Water Quality Monitoring ..................................... 38
• Status Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality Status ............................................................................................ 39
• Tren Pencemaran Air Sungai / Trends in River Water Pollution .......................................................................... 60
• Logam Berat Dalam Sungai / Heavy Metals in River ............................................................................................... 64
• Kualiti Air Sungai Di Hulu Muka Sauk / Quality of River Water at Upstream Intakes .................................. 64
• Status Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik / ................................................................................................. 72
Status of Continuous/Automatic River Water Quality Monitoring (CRWQM)
BAB 3 | CHAPTER 3
KUALITI AIR TANAH | GROUNDWATER QUALITY
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Monitoring ................................................................... 84
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Kawasan Pertanian / ................................................................................................... 88
LAPORAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING 2020
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Agriculture

• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar / ................................................................................... 89
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Urban and Suburban
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Tapak Perindustrian / ................................................................................................. 91
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Industrial Sites
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah / ........................................................................ 93
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Solid Waste Landfills
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Padang Golf / .................................................................................................................
95
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Golf Courses
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Luar Bandar / ................................................................................................................ 96
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Rural
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Lombong Emas / ............................................................................................ 98
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Mining (Gold Mine)
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekalan Air / .................................................................................................................. 99
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Water Supply
5
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan / ................................................................ 100
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Animal Burial Sites
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Akuakultur / ...........................................................................................................................
102
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Aquaculture
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Peranginan / ......................................................................................................................... 104
Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Resorts
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Status .................................................................................................. 106
BAB 4 | CHAPTER 4
KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU | MARINE AND ISLAND MARINE WATER QUALITY
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin / Marine Water Quality Monitoring ........................................................................... 112
• Status Stesen-Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin / Status of Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations ...... 117
• Status Kualiti Air Marin Pantai / Coastal Water Quality Status .................................................................................... 122
• Status Kualiti Air Muara Sungai / Estuary Water Quality Status ................................................................................. 128
• Kualiti Air Marin Pulau / Island Marine Water Quality .................................................................................................... 132
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Automatik / Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring ............................. 142
BAB 5 | CHAPTER 5
INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN | POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY
• Pengiraan Beban Pencemaran / Pollution Load Calculation ....................................................................................... 148
• Beban Pencemaran Air / Water Pollution Load ................................................................................................................. 149
• Punca-Punca Pencemaran Udara / Sources of Air Pollution ....................................................................................... 156
• Beban Pencemaran Pencemar Udara / Air Pollution Emission Load ........................................................................ 158
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

• Inventori Buangan Terjadual / Scheduled Waste Inventory ....................................................................................... 163
ANNEX
• Standard Kualiti Air Negara / National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia ...................................................... 172
• Kelas Air dan Penggunaan / Water Classes and Uses ..................................................................................................... 173
• Pengkelasan Kualiti Air berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar / .................................................... 174
Department of Environment Water Quality Classification Based on Water Quality Index
• Pengkelasan Indeks Kualiti Air Jabatan Alam Sekitar / .................................................................................................. 174
Department of Environment Water Quality Index Classification
• Formula dan Pengiraan Indeks Kualiti Air / Water Quality Index Formula and Calculation ............................. 174
• Formula dan Pengiraan Indeks Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia / ......................................................................................... 175
Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index Formula and Calculation
• Pengiraan Ammonia Tidak Terion / Unionized Ammonia Calculation ..................................................................... 176
• Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Index ................................................................................................... 178
6
PRAKATA / FOREWORD
“Alam Sekitar,Tanggungjawab Bersama
Environment, Our Shared Responsibility.”
S
aya amat berbesar hati untuk membentangkan
Laporan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 2020 seperti
yang dikehendaki di bawah Seksyen 3(1)(i) Akta
Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974.
Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU), kualiti udara

keseluruhan bagi Malaysia pada tahun 2020 telah
menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti udara yang ketara
yang terjemahkan dalam bentuk peratus IPU berstatus
baik dan sederhana yang lebih baik. Aktiviti industri,
komersial dan sosial yang terhad sepanjang tempoh
PKP ini telah meningkatkan kualiti udara di Malaysia
berbanding dengan tahun 2019. Dalam pada itu,
keadaaan cuaca yang lebih lembap dan tiada kejadian
jerebu merentas sempadan pada tahun 2020 turut
menyumbang kepada keadaan kualiti udara yang lebih
baik di Malaysia.
It is my pleasure to present the Environmental Quality

Report 2020 as required under Section 3(1)(i) of the
Environmental Quality Act 1974.
Based on the Air Pollutant Index (API), the overall

air quality for Malaysia in 2020 showed a significant
WAN ABDUL LATIFF BIN WAN JAFFAR
increase in air quality indicated from the good and Ketua Pengarah Kualiti Alam Sekeliling Malaysia /
moderate levels achieved when compared with the Director-General of Environmental Quality Malaysia
API during the same period in 2019. Limited industrial,
commercial and social activities during the MCO period
made an impact, resulting in improved air quality
in Malaysia compared to 2019. Moreover, the wet
weather conditions and no transboundary haze in 2020
further contributed to better air quality conditions in
Malaysia.
7
Kualiti air sungai yang ditentukan dari segi Indeks Kualiti Air The river quality in terms of Water Quality Index (WQI)
(IKA) telah menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun 2020. showed an increase in 2020. Out of the 672 rivers
Peratus bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai monitored, 66% showed clean water quality in 2020. The
bersih pada tahun 2020 adalah sebanyak 66% daripada percentage of slightly polluted rivers and polluted rivers
672 sungai yang diawasi. Peratus bilangan sungai yang were 29% and 5% respectively.
dikategorikan sebagai sederhana tercemar adalah
sebanyak 29%, manakala peratus bilangan sungai yang
dikategorikan sebagai tercemar adalah sebanyak 5%.
Pada tahun 2020, kualiti air tanah menunjukkan pematuhan The groundwater quality in 2020 showed compliance
terhadap Standard Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Rawatan Air Mentah with the Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional
Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman) bagi semua parameter Raw Water Treatment (Drinking Water) except for
yang diawasi kecuali parameter mangan (Mn), jumlah manganese (Mn), total coliform, iron (Fe) and phenolics
kolifom, besi (Fe) dan sebatian fenol yang mempunyai which showed low percentage of compliance.
peratusan julat nilai pematuhan yang rendah.
Dalam tahun 2020, daripada 368 stesen pengawasan In 2020, out of the 368 marine water quality monitoring
kualiti air marin bagi pantai, muara sungai dan pulau di stations at coastal, estuary and islands in the country, 104
negara ini, sebanyak 104 stesen adalah terbaik, 56 stesen stations were excellent, 56 were good, 190 were moderate
baik, 190 stesen sederhana manakala 18 stesen yang while the remaining 18 stations were categorised as
lain dikategorikan tercemar. 4 daripada stesen tercemar poor. 4 of the poor stations were located at the coastal,
berada di kawasan pantai, 13 di kawasan muara sungai 13 were located at estuary while the remaining 1 was
dan 1 stesen di kawasan pulau. located at the island.
Pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 7,185,227.76 tan metrik buangan In 2020, a total of 7,185,227.76 metric tonnes of
terjadual telah dihasilkan. Ini mewakili peningkatan scheduled wastes were generated. This represents an
keseluruhan sebanyak 79.04% berbanding 4,013,189.03 overall increase of 79.04% as compared to 4,013,189.03
tan metrik yang dilaporkan pada 2019. JAS akan terus metric tonnes reported in 2019. DOE will continue to

mengukuhkan dan melaksanakan strategi, program dan strengthen and implement its strategies, programmes
aktivitinya dengan berkesan dalam menguruskan alam and activities effectively in managing the environment
sekitar secara lestari. sustainably.
8
9
BAB 1
CHAPTER 1
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
10 BAB 1 KUALITI UDARA
KUALITI UDARA / AIR QUALITY
PENGAWASAN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Pada tahun 2020, dunia telah dikejutkan dengan In early 2020, the world was shocked and shaken by the
kehadiran virus Covid-19 yang diisytiharkan sebagai Covid-19 virus, and a pandemic was declared by the
pandemik oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. In
pada 11 Mac 2020. Sebagai tindakan kawalan penyebaran an effort to control the spread of the virus in Malaysia,
virus ini di Malaysia, arahan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan a Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued where
(PKP) telah dikeluarkan di mana premis dan sekolah premises and schools were closed, people were instructed
ditutup, orang ramai diarahkan untuk duduk di rumah to stay at home and only essential sectors were allowed
dan hanya sektor yang perlu sahaja dibenarkan untuk to operate. The implementation of this MCO affected the
beroperasi. Pelaksanaan PKP ini telah memberi kesan status of air quality in the country.
kepada status kualiti udara di dalam negara.
Status kualiti udara di Malaysia ditunjukkan menerusi The air quality status is reflected as the Air Pollutant
bacaan Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU) dan bacaan Index (API) and this is reported in the website of the
IPU seluruh negara sentiasa dipaparkan di laman Department of Environment (DOE) in its Air Pollutant
sesawang Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS), Air Pollutant Index Management System (APIMS) . The API is calculated
Index Management System (APIMS). IPU adalah dikira based on the concentration of six (6) major pollutants
berdasarkan kepekatan enam (6) bahan pencemar utama in the air, which are ground level ozone (O3), carbon
iaitu ozon di permukaan bumi (O3), karbon monoksida monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide
(CO), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2), (SO2), particulate matter of less than 10 microns in size
habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari 10 mikron (PM10) dan (PM10) and particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in
habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari 2.5 mikron (PM2.5). IPU size (PM2.5). The API is categorized as good, moderate,
ini dikategorikan sebagai baik, sederhana, tidak sihat, unhealthy, very unhealthy and hazardous as presented
sangat tidak sihat dan berbahaya seperti yang dinyatakan in Table 1.1.
dalam Jadual 1.1.
Jadual 1.1 : Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU)

Table 1.1 : Air Pollutant Index (API)
STATUS KUALITI UDARA /

IPU / API
AIR QUALITY STATUS
0 – 50 Baik / Good
51 – 100 Sederhana / Moderate
101 – 200 Tidak Sihat / Unhealthy
201 – 300 Sangat Tidak Sihat / Very Unhealthy
> 300 Berbahaya / Hazardous
AIR QUALITY CHAPTER 1 11
STATUS KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY STATUS
Kesan daripada beberapa siri arahan PKP yang telah As a result of a series of MCO directives by the Government
dikeluarkan oleh Kerajaan sepanjang tahun 2020, IPU in 2020, the overall API for Malaysia in 2020 showed a
bagi keseluruhan Malaysia pada tahun 2020 telah significant increase in air quality indicated from the good
menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti udara yang ketara yang and moderate levels achieved when compared with the
terjemahkan dalam bentuk peratus IPU berstatus baik API during the same period in 2019. Limited industrial,
dan sederhana yang lebih baik. Aktiviti industri, komersial commercial and social activities during the MCO period
dan sosial yang terhad sepanjang tempoh PKP ini telah made an impact, resulting in improved air quality in
meningkatkan kualiti udara di Malaysia berbanding Malaysia compared to 2019. Moreover, the wet weather
dengan tahun 2019. Dalam pada itu, keadaaan cuaca conditions and no transboundary haze in 2020 further
yang lebih lembap dan tiada kejadian jerebu merentas contributed to better air quality conditions in Malaysia.
sempadan pada tahun 2020 turut menyumbang kepada This is shown in the PM2.5 daily concentration trend in the
keadaan kualiti udara yang lebih baik di Malaysia. Ini Klang area, which normally records high API readings
ditunjukkan di dalam tren kepekatan harian PM2.5 di each year but was notably lower in year 2020 compared
kawasan Klang, yang kebiasaannya merekodkan bacaan to 2019. However, the concentration of PM2.5 in Klang
IPU yang tinggi setiap tahun tetapi didapati lebih rendah was relatively high at the beginning of the year before
pada tahun 2020 berbanding dengan tahun 2019. the imposed MCO, as shown in Figure 1.1 (a).
Walau bagaimanapun kepekatan PM2.5 di Klang adalah
agak tinggi sedikit pada awal tahun sebelum arahan PKP
seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 1.1(a).
Rajah 1.1(b) menunjukkan perbandingan kepekatan Figure 1.1(b) shows the daily concentrations of PM2.5 for
harian PM2.5 bagi tiga (3) jenis kategori stesen terpilih di the three (3) selected stations in urban (Klang), suburban
kawasan bandar (Klang), pinggir bandar (Kuantan) dan (Kuantan) and rural (Kapit) areas in the country. The
luar bandar (Kapit). Tren menunjukkan kepekatan PM2.5 trend showed higher levels of PM2.5 in the urban area
adalah lebih tinggi di kawasan bandar berbanding compared with the suburban and rural ones. However,
kawasan pinggir bandar dan luar bandar. Walau the concentration trend for these three (3) stations was

bagaimanapun, tren kepekatan bagi tiga (3) kategori ini still below the ambient air quality standard set for the
masih di bawah standard kualiti udara ambien yang daily concentration of PM2.5. The ambient air quality
ditetapkan bagi kepekatan harian PM2.5. Standard kualiti standard for 2020 is referred to as the Malaysia Ambient
udara ambien bagi tahun 2020 adalah menggunakan Air Quality Standard IT-2 as shown in Table 1.2. The
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2 seperti increase in PM2.5 in suburban and rural areas is often
yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.2. Peningkatan PM2.5 associated with annual open burning activities. The
di pinggir bandar dan di luar bandar sering dikaitkan readings for 2020 indicates that the limited movement
dengan aktiviti pembakaran terbuka setiap tahun. Ini and social activities of public in these areas, imposed by
menunjukkan bahawa pergerakan dan aktiviti sosial the MCO reduced open burning activities and directly
orang awam yang terhad sepanjang PKP di kawasan- lowered PM2.5 concentration in the air.
kawasan tersebut mengurangkan aktiviti pembakaran
terbuka dan secara langsung menurunkan bacaan
kepekatan PM2.5.
Selain PM2.5, pencemar udara lain yang sangat signifikan Apart from PM2.5, another significant air pollutant is the
adalah parameter ozon di permukaan bumi (O3.). Ia ground level ozone (O3) parameter. O3 pollutants are
terhasil akibat tindak balas sebatian-sebatian organik formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
meruap (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) dan oksid- nitrogen oxides (NOx) react in the atmosphere in the
oksid nitrogen (NOx) dengan kehadiran cahaya matahari. presence of sunlight. Formation of O3 is compounded
Cuaca panas terik menggalakkan lagi pembentukan during hot and sunny days. Major sources of VOCs and
pencemar O3 . Punca utama VOCs dan NOx adalah dari NOx emissions are primarily from industries and motor
pelepasan industri dan ekzos kenderaan bermotor vehicle emissions, particularly in urban areas. This is seen
terutama di bandar-bandar besar. Ini disebabkan dari in the increase in O3 at various locations in the Klang
peningkatan kepekatan O3 di beberapa lokasi di Lembah Valley and states adjacent to Klang Valley such as Perak
Klang dan negeri-negeri berdekatan Lembah Klang iaitu and Negeri Sembilan.
Perak dan Negeri Sembilan.
Kadangkala terdapat kepekatan maksimum harian bagi Occasionally, the daily maximum 1-hour concentration of
parameter O3 dalam tempoh 1 jam adalah melebihi O3 exceeds the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard,
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia terutamanya di at several stations in the Klang Valley, Perak and Negeri
beberapa kawasan di Lembah Klang, Perak dan Negeri Sembilan as shown in Figure 1.1(c), Figure 1.1(d)
Sembilan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1(c), and Figure 1.1(e). This is due to the release of ground
Rajah 1.1(d) dan Rajah 1.1(e). Keadaan ini adalah ozone level precursors for pollutant gases in some areas
disebabkan oleh pelepasan gas pencemar O3 iaitu di especially in the central business areas with heavy traffic
kawasan-kawasan pusat perniagaan yang tinggi dan volume. During the MCO, the number of vehicles on the
berkepadatan trafik. Semasa PKP, bilangan kenderaaan di road decreased resulting in O3 concentrations for those
jalan raya berkurangan dan didapati kepekatan O3 bagi areas being below the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality
kawasan-kawasan tersebut di bawah daripada Standard Standards.
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia yang ditetapkan.
160
140
Kepekatan (µg/m³) / Concentration (µg/m³)
120 2019
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM₂.₅ (IT-2) = 50 µg/m³ 2020
100 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for PM₂.₅ (IT-2) = 50 µg/m³
80
60
40
20
0
1-Jan-20
11-Jan-20
21-Jan-20
31-Jan-20
10-Feb-20
20-Feb-20
1-Mac-20
11-Mac-20
21-Mac-20
31-Mac-20
10-Apr-20
20-Apr-20
30-Apr-20
10-May-20
20-May-20
30-May-20
9-Jun-20
19-Jun-20
29-Jun-20
9-Jul-20
19-Jul-20
29-Jul-20
8-Aug-20
18-Aug-20
28-Aug-20
7-Sep-20
17-Sep-20
27-Sep-20
7-Oct-20
17-Oct-20
27-Oct-20
6-Nov-20
16-Nov-20
26-Nov-20
6-Dec-20
16-Dec-20
26-Dec-20
Tarikh / Date
Rajah 1.1(a) Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Habuk Halus (PM₂.₅), Klang 2019 dan 2020
Figure 1.1(a) Trend of 24-hour Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM₂.₅), Klang 2019 and 2020
100
90 Klang (Urban)
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM₂.₅ (IT-2) = 50 µg/m³
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for PM₂.₅ (IT-2) = 50 µg/m³ Kuantan (Suburban)
80
Kapit (Rural)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1-Jan-20
11-Jan-20
21-Jan-20
31-Jan-20
10-Feb-20
20-Feb-20
1-Mac-20
11-Mac-20
21-Mac-20
31-Mac-20
10-Apr-20
20-Apr-20
30-Apr-20
10-May-20
20-May-20
30-May-20
9-Jun-20
19-Jun-20
29-Jun-20
9-Jul-20
19-Jul-20
29-Jul-20
8-Aug-20
18-Aug-20
28-Aug-20
7-Sep-20
17-Sep-20
27-Sep-20
7-Oct-20
17-Oct-20
27-Oct-20
6-Nov-20
16-Nov-20
26-Nov-20
6-Dec-20
16-Dec-20
26-Dec-20
Tarikh / Date
Rajah 1.1(b) : Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Habuk Halus (PM₂.₅), 2020
Figure 1.1(b) : Trend of 24-hour Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM₂.₅), 2020
0.18

0.16 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Batu Muda
Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm)
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm

0.14 Cheras
0.12 Putrajaya
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1-Jan-20
11-Jan-20
21-Jan-20
31-Jan-20
10-Feb-20
20-Feb-20
1-Mac-20
11-Mac-20
21-Mac-20
31-Mac-20
10-Apr-20
20-Apr-20
30-Apr-20
10-May-20
20-May-20
30-May-20
9-Jun-20
19-Jun-20
29-Jun-20
9-Jul-20
19-Jul-20
29-Jul-20
8-Aug-20
18-Aug-20
28-Aug-20
7-Sep-20
17-Sep-20
27-Sep-20
7-Oct-20
17-Oct-20
27-Oct-20
6-Nov-20
16-Nov-20
26-Nov-20
6-Dec-20
16-Dec-20
26-Dec-20
Tarikh / Date
Rajah 1.1(c) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O₃) 1 Jam, Lembah Klang, 2020
Figure 1.1(c) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O₃), Klang Valley 2020
14
BAB 1
Kuantan, Pahang
KUALITI UDARA
0.18
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Klang
0.16 Petaling Jaya
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
0.14 Shah Alam
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.12
0
1-Jan-20
11-Jan-20
21-Jan-20
31-Jan-20
10-Feb-20
20-Feb-20
1-Mac-20
11-Mac-20
21-Mac-20
31-Mac-20
10-Apr-20
20-Apr-20
30-Apr-20
10-May-20
20-May-20
30-May-20
9-Jun-20
19-Jun-20
29-Jun-20
9-Jul-20
19-Jul-20
29-Jul-20
8-Aug-20
18-Aug-20
28-Aug-20
7-Sep-20
17-Sep-20
27-Sep-20
7-Oct-20
17-Oct-20
27-Oct-20
6-Nov-20
16-Nov-20
26-Nov-20
6-Dec-20
16-Dec-20
26-Dec-20
Tarikh / Date
Rajah 1.1(d) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O₃) 1 Jam, Lembah Klang, 2020
Figure 1.1(d) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O₃), Klang Valley 2020
0.18
0.16 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Port Dickson
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Sungai Petani

0.14
Tanjung Malim
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1-Jan-20
11-Jan-20
21-Jan-20
31-Jan-20
10-Feb-20
20-Feb-20
1-Mac-20
11-Mac-20
21-Mac-20
31-Mac-20
10-Apr-20
20-Apr-20
30-Apr-20
10-May-20
20-May-20
30-May-20
9-Jun-20
19-Jun-20
29-Jun-20
9-Jul-20
19-Jul-20
29-Jul-20
8-Aug-20
18-Aug-20
28-Aug-20
7-Sep-20
17-Sep-20
27-Sep-20
7-Oct-20
17-Oct-20
27-Oct-20
6-Nov-20
16-Nov-20
26-Nov-20
6-Dec-20
16-Dec-20
26-Dec-20
Tarikh / Date
Rajah 1.1(e) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum Harian Ozon (O₃) 1 Jam, 2020
Figure 1.1(e) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O₃) 2020
STATUS KUALITI UDARA DI PANTAI BARAT AIR QUALITY STATUS IN THE WEST COAST
Lembah Klang Klang Valley
Pada tahun 2020, status kualiti udara di semua stesen In 2020, the air quality status at all stations in Klang Valley
di Lembah Klang menunjukkan kebanyakan bacaan showed that most readings were at good and moderate
adalah tahap baik dan sederhana. Status kualiti udara levels. The overall air quality status in Klang Valley is
di Lembah Klang secara keseluruhannya ditunjukkan shown in Figure 1.2. Several stations recorded a few
seperti di Rajah 1.2. Beberapa stesen mencatatkan days of an ’unhealthy’ API reading; especially those areas
bacaan IPU yang tidak sihat terutama di kawasan yang with high density of traffic which were Putrajaya (4 days),
mempunyai kepadatan trafik yang tinggi iaitu Putrajaya Cheras (3 days), Petaling Jaya (2 days) and Shah Alam
(4 hari), Cheras (3 hari), Petaling Jaya (2 hari) dan Shah (1 day). This was due to a high concentration of O3 as a
Alam (1 hari). Ini adalah disebabkan paras kepekatan O3 result of heavy traffic.
yang tinggi berpunca dari trafik.
Kepekatan PM2.5 tidak mempengaruhi bacaan IPU yang The PM2.5 concentration did not influence the API readings
tinggi di Lembah Klang sepanjang tahun 2020. Keadaan ini in the Klang Valley in 2020. These resulted in stations
juga telah menyebabkan semua stesen di Lembah Klang in Klang Valley recording lower numbers of unhealthy
mencatatkan bilangan hari yang tidak sihat yang lebih days in 2020 compared to 2019 as depicted in
rendah pada tahun 2020 jika dibandingkan dengan tahun Figure 1.2(a).
2019 seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 1.2(a).
365
352 347
341
350 330 328 325
298
300
Bilangan Hari / Number of Days
250
200
150
100
68
50 32 38 38
25 16
4 12 3
2 1 1
0
Putrajaya
Batu Muda
Banting
Petaling Jaya
Cheras
Kelang
Shah Alam
Kuala Selangor
Baik / Good (0 - 50) Sederhana / Moderate (51 - 100) Tidak Sihat / Unhealthy (101 - 200)
Sangat Tidak Sihat / Very Unhealthy (201 - 300) Berbahaya / Hazardous (> 300)
Rajah 1.2 : Status Kualiti Udara, Lembah Klang 2020

Figure 1.2 : Air Quality Status, Klang Valley 2020
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Banting 0 5 5 20 41 45 27 7 5 19 0
Shah Alam 32 22 11 15 33 43 29 1 10 45 1
Cheras 59 48 37 30 34 52 33 9 10 32 3
Klang 6 6 13 11 34 28 11 3 8 16 0
Petaling Jaya 3 3 4 8 19 27 12 3 1 16 2
Kuala Selangor 0 0 5 2 16 20 0 0 2 13 0
Putrajaya 8 3 2 9 31 41 14 2 7 25 4
Batu Muda 17 15 25 21 43 51 29 3 1 17 0
Nota: Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian

Note: Reading based on daily Maximum API
Rajah 1.2(a) : Bilangan Hari Tidak Sihat, Lembah Klang, 2010-2020

Figure 1.2(a) : Number of Unhealthy Days, Klang Valley, 2010-2020
Kuala Lumpur
Wilayah Utara Northern Region
Secara keseluruhan, status kualiti udara di utara Pantai The overall air quality status of the northern region of
Barat Semenanjung Malaysia yang meliputi Perlis, Kedah, the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia covering Perlis,
Pulau Pinang dan Perak adalah pada tahap baik dan Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perak, was mostly at good and
sederhana sepanjang masa. Tanjung Malim mencatatkan moderate levels. Tanjung Malim recorded an impressive
bacaan IPU baik yang lebih tinggi (308 hari) berbanding 308 days of good API readings compared with the other
stesen-stesen yang lain. Hanya dua (2) stesen yang stations. Only two (2) stations recorded unhealthy API
mencatatkan bacaan IPU tidak sihat sepanjang tahun readings during 2020, namely Balik Pulau (2 days) and
2020 iaitu Balik Pulau (2 hari) dan Tanjung Malim (1 hari) Tanjung Malim (1 day) due to the high concentration of
yang disebabkan oleh kepekatan gas pencemar O3 yang O3 pollutant gas in the air.
tinggi di udara.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan status kualiti udara keseluruhan Figure 1.3 shows the overall air quality status for
bagi wilayah utara di Pantai Barat Semenanjung the northern region of the West Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia. Malaysia.
330
350 318
307 308
297
281 289
300 277
238 238
228
250
210
191
200 175
156
138
150 128 128
83 89
100 77 69
59 57
48
36
50
2
1
0
Langkawi
Sungai Petani
Kulim
Seberang Jaya
Balik Pulau
Perai
Taiping
Tasek
Ipoh
Manjung
Tanjung Malim
Kangar
Alor Setar
Rajah 1.3 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Utara Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2020
Figure 1.3 : Air Quality Status, Northern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2020
Wilayah Selatan Southern Region
Kualiti udara di Wilayah Selatan Pantai Barat Semenanjung In the southern region of the West Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia (N. Sembilan, Melaka dan Johor) adalah tahap Malaysia (N. Sembilan, Melaka and Johor) the API was at
IPU baik dan sederhana pada kebanyakan masa. good and moderate levels most of the time. Kota Tinggi
Kota Tinggi mencatatkan bilangan hari bacaan IPU baik recorded the highest good API readings in the southern
yang tertinggi di wilayah selatan iaitu 293 hari. Hanya dua (2) region with 293 days. Only two (2) stations recorded
stesen yang mencatatkan bacaan IPU yang tidak sihat unhealthy API readings namely Port Dickson (2 days) and
iaitu Port Dickson (2 hari) dan Melaka (1 hari). Keadaan Melaka (1 day). This situation was due to ground level
ini disebabkan pencemaran ozon aras bumi daripada ozone and could have been because of an increase in
peningkatan trafik sebelum dan selepas PKP di kawasan- traffic before and after MCO in these areas.
kawasan tersebut.
Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan status kualiti udara secara Figure 1.4 shows the overall air quality status for
keseluruhan bagi wilayah selatan di Pantai Barat the southern region of the West Coast of Peninsular
Semenanjung Malaysia. Malaysia.
341
350 319
293
300 285
261 277 274
256 259
234 244 239
250 229
191
200 175

137
150 131 122 127
110 105 104
89 92
100 81
73
47
50 25
2 1
0
Nilai
Seremban
Port Dickson
Bukit Rambai
Melaka
Alor Gajah
Pasir Gudang
Larkin
Kota Tinggi
Segamat
Batu Pahat
Kluang
Pengerang
Tangkak
Rajah 1.4 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Selatan Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2020
Figure 1.4 : Air Quality Status, Southern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2020
STATUS KUALITI UDARA DI PANTAI TIMUR AIR QUALITY STATUS IN THE EAST COAST
Kualiti udara di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia (Pahang, In the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang,
Terengganu, Kelantan dan timur Johor) bagi tahun 2020 Terengganu, Kelantan and East Johor) the air quality
berstatus baik dan sederhana pada kebanyakan masa. Paka remained at good and moderate levels most of the
mencatatkan bilangan hari bacaan IPU tertinggi di Pantai time. Paka recorded the highest good API reading in
Timur iaitu 281 hari. Hanya tiga (3) stesen mencatatkan east coast region for 281 days. Only three (3) stations
status kualiti udara tidak sihat sepanjang tahun iaitu recorded unhealthy air quality status throughout the
Balok Baru (9 hari), Rompin (4 hari) dan Temerloh (2 year, namely Balok Baru (9 days), Rompin (4 days) and
hari) yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan kepekatan PM2.5 Temerloh (2 days) due to the increase in PM2.5
akibat pembakaran terbuka di kawasan setempat. concentration as a result of open burnings. However,
Walau bagaimanapun, stesen Balok Baru mencatatkan Balok Baru station recorded very unhealthy readings
bacaan sangat tidak sihat selama satu (1) hari yang for one (1) day due to high SO2 released into the air
disebabkan oleh kesan pelepasan gas SO2 yang tinggi dari from a premise in Gebeng Industrial Area, Kuantan and
sebuah premis di Kawasan Perindustrian Gebeng dan arah downwind movement towards the air quality station.
angin telah menghala ke stesen Balok Baru. Premis berkenaan The premise was investigated and enforcement action
telah disiasat dan diambil tindakan perundangan oleh JAS. was taken by DOE.
Status kualiti udara di Pantai Timur Semenanjung The overall air quality status in the East Coast of
Malaysia secara keseluruhan adalah seperti di Rajah 1.5. Peninsular Malaysia is shown in Figure 1.5.
350
300 287 287 281

274
262
250 229
219 225
211
194 191
200
175
162
147 155
150 137 137
102
92
100 79 79 85
50
4 9
2 1
0
Jerantut
Rompin
Temerloh
Indera Mahkota
Balok Baru
Kota Bahru
Tanah Merah
Kuala Terengganu
Paka
Kemaman
Besut
Rajah 1.5 : Status Kualiti Udara, Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia, 2020
Figure 1.5 : Air Quality Status, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2020
STATUS KUALITI UDARA DI SABAH, LABUAN AIR QUALITY STATUS IN SABAH, LABUAN
DAN SARAWAK AND SARAWAK
Kualiti udara di Sabah, Labuan dan Sarawak adalah The air quality in Sabah, Labuan and Sarawak remained
pada tahap baik dan sederhana di kebanyakan masa. between good to moderate levels most of the time.
Stesen Kapit merekodkan bacaan IPU baik yang paling Kapit recorded good API reading in Sarawak and
tinggi di Sarawak iaitu 359 hari manakala stesen Tawau maintained that for 359 days while Tawau recorded good
merekodkan bacaan IPU baik yang tertinggi di Sabah API reading in Sabah for 358 days. No station in Sarawak,
iaitu 358 hari. Tiada stesen di Sarawak, Sabah dan Labuan Sabah and Labuan recorded unhealthy days in 2020
mencatatkan bacaan tidak sihat bagi tahun 2020 kecuali except in ILP Miri, which recorded API unhealthy readings
ILP Miri mencatatkan bacaan IPU tidak sihat selama dua (2) for two (2) days due to local bush and forest fires.
hari disebabkan oleh kebakaran di kawasan belukar dan
hutan setempat.
The overall air quality status in Sarawak is shown in
Status kualiti udara di Sarawak secara keseluruhan Figure 1.6 and Figure 1.7 shows the overall air quality
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.6 dan di Sabah dan Labuan in Sabah and Labuan.
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.7.
400
359
344
334 328 332
350 320
291
300 278
251
250 223
208
204

200
162 156
143
150 115
88
100 75
46 38 34
50 31
22
7 2
0
Miri
Samarahan
Sri Aman
Sarikei
Sibu
Kapit
Limbang
Bintulu
Kuching
Mukah
Samalaju
ILP Miri
Rajah 1.6 : Status Kualiti Udara, Sarawak, 2020

Figure 1.6 : Air Quality Status, Sarawak, 2020
358
350
296 292
300 270
229
250
179 186
200
137
150
96
100 70 74
50 7
0
Tawau
Keningau
Kota Kinabalu
Kimanis
Sandakan
Labuan
Rajah 1.7 : Status Kualiti Udara, Sabah dan Labuan, 2020

Figure 1.7 : Air Quality Status, Sabah and Labuan, 2020
Ranau, Sabah
TREN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY TREND
Enam (6) pencemar udara iaitu habuk halus bersaiz 10 Six (6) air pollutants, namely particulate matter (PM10),
mikron (PM10), habuk halus bersaiz 2.5 mikron (PM2.5), particulate matter (PM2.5), ground level ozone (O3),
ozon permukaan bumi (O3), sulfur dioksida (SO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and
nitrogen dioksida (NO2) dan karbon monoksida (CO) carbon monoxide (CO) are monitored continuously at 65
dipantau secara berterusan di 65 buah lokasi. Parameter locations. The parameter of PM2.5 is being fully monitored
PM2.5 mula dipantau sepenuhnya pada tahun 2018. Tren since 2018. The air quality trend for the period 2010
kualiti udara dari tahun 2010 hingga 2020 ditentukan to 2020 was calculated by averaging annual air quality
dengan mengambilkira purata data kualiti udara tahunan data received from the monitoring sites and with
daripada stesen-stesen pengawasan dan merujuk reference to Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard
kepada Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia seperti as shown in Table 1.2. For 2020, Malaysia Ambient Air
yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.2. Bagi tahun 2020, Quality Standard IT-2 is used.
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2 digunakan.
Jadual 1.2 : Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia

Table 1.2 : Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard
GARIS STANDARD KUALITI UDARA
PANDUAN AMBIEN MALAYSIA /
MASA PURATA / MALAYSIAN AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
PARAMETER UNIT SEDIA ADA /
AVERAGING TIME
EXISTING IT-1 IT-2 STANDARD
GUIDELINES (2015) (2018) (2020)
1 Tahun µg/m3 50 50 45 40
PM10
24 Jam µg/m3 150 150 120 100
1 Tahun µg/m3 – 35 25 15
PM2.5

24 Jam µg/m3 – 75 50 35
µg/m3 350 350 300 250

1 Jam
ppm 0.135 0.135 0.115 0.095
SO2
µg/m3 105 105 90 80
24 Jam
ppm 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.030
mg/m 3
35 35 35 30
1 Jam
ppm 30.6 30.6 30.6 26.2
*CO
mg/m3 10 10 10 10
8 Jam
ppm 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75
µg/m3 320 320 300 280
1 Jam
ppm 0.170 0.170 0.160 0.150
NO2
µg/m3 75 75 75 70
24 Jam
ppm 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.037
µg/m3 200 200 200 180
1 Jam
ppm 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.090
O3
µg/m3 120 120 120 100
8 Jam
ppm 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.050
Nota: *mg/m3 IT-Interim Tier (tahun)
HABUK HALUS (PM10) PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)
Pada tahun 2020, nilai purata tahunan PM10 dalam udara In 2020, the annual average value of PM10 in the ambient
ambien adalah 20 μg/m iaitu masih belum melebihi 3
air was 20 µg/m3 which is lower than the Malaysian
had yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2 Guideline value, shown
Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-2 iaitu sebanyak 45 μg/m 3
in Figure 1.8, of 45 µg/m3. The PM10 reading for 2020 was
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.8. Bacaan PM10 the lowest ever recorded in the period 2010 to 2020.
bagi tahun 2020 adalah paling rendah yang pernah The MCO imposed by the Government that restrained
dicatatkan di dalam tempoh 2010 hingga 2020. PKP industrial, commercial and social activities successfully
yang telah dikenakan oleh Kerajaan menghadkan aktiviti reduced air pollution particularly the concentration of
industri, komersial dan sosial orang awam telah berjaya fine particles PM2.5 in the air.
mengurangkan pencemaran udara dalam negara
terutamanya kepekatan habuk halus PM2.5 di udara.
Tren purata tahunan kepekatan PM10 dalam udara ambien The trend of the annual average levels of PM10
bagi tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2020 adalah seperti concentration in the ambient air from 2010 to 2020 is
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.8. Berdasarkan kategori shown in Figure 1.8. With regard to the annual average
guna tanah, kawasan bandar merekodkan bacaan based on land use, urban areas recorded higher PM10
PM10 yang lebih tinggi berbanding kawasan yang lain. readings than other areas. It must be noted though that
Walaubagaimanapun, nilai kepekatan PM10 pada tahun the PM10 concentration value in 2020 is in compliance
2020 adalah mematuhi Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien with the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2
Malaysia IT-2 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.8 (a). Guideline as shown in Figure 1.8(a).
70
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m³
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m³
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.8 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus (PM10), 2010-2020

Figure 1.8 : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10), 2010-2020
100
90
80
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m³
70 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m³
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Industri / Industrial 44 48 49 48 49 58 44 33 23 26 18
Bandar / Urban 42 45 46 48 46 57 44 35 28 32 22
Pinggir Bandar / Suburban 36 41 39 40 41 49 39 31 26 29 21
Latarbelakang / Background 34 36 34 34 33 49 29 25 21 22 17
Pendalaman / Rural 30 34 39 35 36 43 32 25 22 28 17
Rajah 1.8(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus (PM10) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010 - 2020
Figure 1.8(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) by Land Use, 2010 - 2020

HABUK HALUS (PM2.5) PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)
PM2.5 mula diukur dan dianalisis bermula pada PM2.5 started being measured and analysed since 2017
pertengahan tahun 2017 dan dilaporkan pada tahun and reported in 2018. The annual average value of PM2.5 in
2018. Nilai purata tahunan PM2.5 dalam udara ambien the ambient air for the year 2020 was 12 µg/m3 which was
bagi tahun 2020 adalah 12 μg/m3 dan masih belum lower than the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard
melebihi had yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti IT-2 Guideline value of 25 µg/m3. PM2.5 concentration in
Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-2 iaitu sebanyak 25 μg/ the year 2020 was much lower compared to that in 2019
m . Bacaan PM2.5 bagi tahun 2020 adalah lebih rendah
3
due to humid weather conditions, a reduction of forest
berbanding dengan tahun 2019 disebabkan oleh and bush fire cases in the country and the absence of
keadaan cuaca yang lebih lembab, pengurangan kes-kes transboundary haze incidents in 2020.
kebakaran hutan dan belukar di dalam negara dan tiada
kejadian jerebu merentas sempadan yang direkodkan di
dalam tahun 2020.
Berdasarkan kategori guna tanah, nilai kepekatan PM2.5 On the basis of land use categories, PM2.5 concentrations
pada tahun 2020 adalah mematuhi Standard Kualiti in 2019 was in compliance with Malaysian Ambient
Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2 seperti yang ditunjukkan Air Quality Standard IT-2 as shown in Figure 1.8(b).
dalam Rajah 1.8 (b). Daripada rajah tersebut, kepekatan From the figure, the highest concentration of PM2.5
PM2.5 tertinggi mengikut guna tanah adalah di kawasan according to land use was urban areas followed by
bandar dan diikuti dengan kawasan pinggir bandar. suburban areas.
35
30
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m³
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline For PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m³

25
20
15
10
0
2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.8 (b) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus (PM2.5), 2018-2020
Figure 1.8 (b) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), 2018-2020
50
45
40
35
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m³
30
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline For PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m³
25
20
15
10
0
2018 2019 2020
Industri / Industrial 14 17 10
Bandar / Urban 19 23 14
Pinggir Bandar / Suburban 17 21 13
Latarbelakang / Background 12 14 9
Pendalaman / Rural 14 19 10
Rajah 1.8(c) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus (PM2.5) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2018-2020
Figure 1.8(c) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) by Land Use, 2018- 2020
Kuala Lumpur
OZON ARAS BUMI (O3) GROUND LEVEL OZONE (O3)
Pada tahun 2020, purata tahunan kepekatan maksimum In 2020, the annual average daily maximum ozone
harian ozon didapati sedikit menurun berbanding concentrations slightly decreased compared to the year
dengan tahun 2019 dengan bacaan 0.0287 ppm. Secara 2019 with a reading of 0.0287 ppm. Overall, it must
keseluruhannya, tren purata tahunan kepekatan maksimum be noted that the trend for the annual average maximum
ozon tempoh lapan jam dalam udara ambien dari tahun eight-hour ozone concentrations in ambient air from
2010 hingga 2020 adalah mematuhi had sebanyak 0.06 2010 to 2020 were well below the limit of 0.06 ppm as
ppm seperti yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti Udara stipulated in the Malaysian Ambient Quality Standard
Ambien Malaysia IT-2 dan tren tersebut adalah seperti yang IT-2 as shown in Figure 1.9.
0.1200

0.1000
0.0800
Kepekatan(ppm) / Concentration (ppm)
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for O3 (IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
0.0600
0.0400
0.0200
0.0000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.9 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3), 2010-2020

Figure 1.9 : Annual Average Concentration of Ozone (O3), 2010-2020
Rajah 1.9(a) menunjukkan kepekatan ozon aras bumi Figure 1.9(a) shows the ground level ozone concentration
untuk pelbagai kategori guna tanah dari tahun 2010 for various land use categories between 2010 and 2020.
hingga 2020. Bermula tahun 2018, tiada pemantauan Starting from 2018, there was no monitoring of ground
pencemar ozon aras bumi dilakukan di kawasan industri level ozone in industrial areas as the priority was given
kerana untuk memberi keutamaan pemantauan ozon to the urban area monitoring. Urban areas recorded
di kawasan bandar. Kawasan bandar mencatatkan higher level of ground level ozone due to higher traffic
bacaan ozon lebih tinggi disebabkan oleh jumlah trafik volume and conducive atmospheric conditions resulting
yang lebih tinggi dan keadaan atmosfera yang kondusif in ozone formation. Ground level ozone pollution was
menyebabkan pembentukan ozon. Pencemaran ozon also dominant in some suburban and rural areas due to
aras bumi juga ketara di beberapa kawasan pinggir downwind movement of ground level ozone pollutant
bandar dan pedalaman disebabkan oleh pergerakan precursors namely nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile
angin yang membawa pencetus pencemar ozon aras organic compounds (VOCs) emitted mainly from motor
bumi iaitu oksida-oksida nitrogen (NOx) dan sebatian vehicles and industries.
organik meruap (VOC) yang kebanyakannya dilepaskan
daripada kenderaan bermotor dan industri.
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for O3 (IT-2) = 0.06 ppm
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Industri / Industrial 0.0412 0.0402 0.0407 0.0417 0.0431 0.0463 0.0270 0.0254 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Bandar / Urban 0.0453 0.0447 0.0441 0.0457 0.0469 0.0489 0.0300 0.0309 0.0353 0.0367 0.0325
Pinggir Bandar / Suburban 0.0364 0.0383 0.0386 0.0370 0.0388 0.0354 0.0230 0.0254 0.0316 0.0330 0.0278
Latarbelakang / Background 0.0287 0.0309 0.0327 0.0335 0.0378 0.0416 0.0270 0.0193 0.0197 0.0212 0.0175
Rajah 1.9(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010-2020
Figure 1.9(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Ozone (O3) by Land Use, 2010-2020
SULFUR DIOKSIDA (SO2) SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2)
Purata kepekatan tahunan SO2 yang direkodkan pada The average annual concentration of SO2 recorded in
tahun 2020 adalah sama seperti tahun 2019 iaitu 0.0011 2020 is the same as in 2019 which is 0.0011 ppm.
ppm. Secara umumnya, purata kepekatan tahunan Generally, the annual average SO2 concentration shows
SO2 menunjukkan tren penurunan dari tahun 2010 a declining trend between 2010 and 2020 (Figure 1.10)
hingga 2020 (Rajah 1.10) dan ia adalah jauh di bawah and it is well below the limit of 0.035 ppm stipulated
had sebanyak 0.035 ppm seperti yang ditetapkan in the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2.
dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2. Ini The reason could be the use of better fuel quality
kemungkinan disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan api of EURO2M diesel in this country, which began in
berkualiti EURO2M diesel yang lebih baik di negara ini September 2009 and EURO5 Diesel with less sulphur
bermula dari bulan September 2009 dan penggunaan content than 10 mg/l that had been introduced
EURO5 Diesel yang mengandungi kandungan sulfur in the market in November 2015. More stringent
kurang dari 10 mg/l yang telah diperkenalkan di Environmental Regulations (Clean Air) 2014, use of
pasaran sejak November 2015. Standard pelepasan SO2 natural gas for industrial combustion process and
yang lebih ketat dalam Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam vehicles and use of electric vehicles could also have
Sekeliling (Udara Bersih) 2014, penggunaan gas asli secara contributed to the declining trend of SO2 in urban and
meluas dalam proses industri dan kegunaan kenderaan industrial areas.
serta kenderaan elektrik turut menyumbang kepada tren
penurunan pelepasan SO2 di kawasan industri dan bandar.
0.04
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
0.03
Kepekatan(ppm) / Concentration (ppm)

0.02
0.01
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.10 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), 2010-2020

Figure 1.10 : Annual Average Concentration of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 2010-2020
Rajah 1.10 (a) menunjukkan kepekatan purata tahunan Figure 1.10(a) shows the annual average concentrations
bagi sulfur dioksida mengikut kategori guna tanah. of sulphur dioxide from different categories of land use.
Berdasarkan kepada rajah tersebut, keadaan menunjukkan Readings show that the concentration of SO2 in industrial
bahawa kepekatan SO2 di kawasan-kawasan industri and background areas in 2020 was slightly higher than
dan latarbelakang pada tahun 2020 adalah lebih tinggi in 2019. It is evident that the number of vehicles on the
sedikit berbanding dengan tahun 2019. Ini menunjukkan road did not affect the increase of SO2 gas in the air.
bilangan kenderaan di jalan raya tidak memberi kesan The slight increase SO2 in 2020 could be due to power
kepada peningkatan gas SO2 di udara. Sedikit peningkatan plants being operated at optimum level during MCO.
SO2 pada tahun 2020 berkemungkinan disebabkan loji
janakuasa beroperasi secara optimum ketika PKP.
0.01
0.04 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bandar /Urban 0.0019 0.0020 0.0018 0.0020 0.0020 0.0018 0.0023 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012
Rajah 1.10(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010-2020
Figure 1.10(a) Malaysia : Annual Average Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) by Land Use, 2010-2020
NITROGEN DIOKSIDA (NO2) NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)
Pada tahun 2020, kepekatan NO2 adalah lebih rendah In 2020, NO2 concentration was lower than in 2019 with
berbanding dengan tahun 2019 iaitu dengan bacaan a reading of 0.0057 ppm. This situation could be due to
0.0057 ppm. Keadaan ini adalah disebabkan oleh the declining number of vehicles on the road following
bilangan kenderaan yang berkurangan di jalan raya the MCO directive issued by the Government on 18
ekoran arahan PKP yang dikeluarkan oleh Kerajaan March 2020 to prevent the spread of Covid-19. However,
bermula 18 Mac 2020 disebabkan pandemik Covid-19. the NO2 concentration remained high in urban areas. An
Walau bagaimanapun, kepekatan NO2 kekal tinggi estimation of NO2 emission load indicated that 66 percent
di kawasan bandar. Anggaran beban pelepasan NO2 were from powerplants while 25 percent were from
menunjukkan sebanyak 66 peratus adalah daripada loji motor vehicles, 7 percent from industries and 2 percent
janakuasa, 25 peratus daripada pelepasan kenderaan from other sources. The annual average concentration
bermotor, 7 peratus daripada industri dan 2 peratus of NO2 in the ambient air from 2010 to 2016 remained
daripada lain-lain sumber. Kepekatan purata tahunan NO2 almost constant and starts a declining trend after 2016
dalam udara ambien dari tahun 2010 hingga 2016 adalah and continues until 2020 well below the Malaysia
hampir konstan dan menunjukkan tren penurunan Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2. (Figure 1.11 and
sejak 2016 hingga 2020 serta jauh berada di bawah had Figure 1.11(a))
yang ditetapkan dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien
Malaysia IT-2. (Rajah 1.11 dan Rajah 1.11(a))
0.02
0.18 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.11 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2), 2010-2020

Figure 1.11 : Annual Average Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), 2010-2020
0.20
0.18 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline For NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
0.16

0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bandar / Urban 0.0098 0.0105 0.0101 0.0103 0.0107 0.0101 0.0110 0.0100 0.0110 0.0105 0.0081
Rajah 1.11(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010-2020
Figure 1.11(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) by Land Use, 2010-2020
KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
Kepekatan CO pada tahun 2020 menunjukkan penurunan There was a slight decrease in CO levels in 2020 compared
berbanding tahun 2019 iaitu dengan bacaan 0.5451 to 2019 with a reading of 0.5451 ppm. The levels
ppm. Tahap kepekatan yang dicatatkan juga mematuhi recorded were well in compliance with the Malaysian
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia IT-2 (Rajah 1.12). Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2 (Figure 1.12). Apart
Selain daripada pengurangan bilangan kenderaan di jalan from the reduction in the number of vehicles on the
raya, pengurangan bilangan kejadian kebakaran hutan road, the reduction in the number of forest and bush fire
dan belukar di dalam negara juga turut menyumbang incidents in the country also contributed to the decrease
kepada penurunan kepekatan CO. Kepekatan CO yang in CO concentration in the air for 2020. A significant
signifikan adalah disebabkan oleh pelepasan dari contribution to concentration of CO would be the motor
ekzos kenderaan motor yang menyumbang sebanyak vehicle exhaust emissions that contributed to 95 percent
95 peratus daripada beban pelepasan CO pada tahun of the CO emission load in 2020. Figure 1.12(a) shows
2020. Rajah 1.12(a) menunjukkan kepekatan CO untuk CO concentrations for various categories of land use.
pelbagai kategori guna tanah.
10.0
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline for CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 1.12 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Monoksida (CO), 2010-2020

Figure 1.12 : Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO), 2010-2020
10.0 Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline For CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bandar / Urban 0.6933 0.7221 0.7004 0.7418 0.7923 0.6219 0.5784 0.6745 0.7247 0.7126 0.5831
Rajah 1.12(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Monoksida (CO) mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010-2020
Figure 1.12(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) by Land Use, 2010-2020
STATUS KUALITI UDARA SEBELUM DAN SEPANJANG AIR QUALITY STATUS BEFORE AND DURING THE
TEMPOH PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN (PKP) MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) PERIOD
Pihak Kerajaan telah mengeluarkan arahan Perintah The Government imposed the Movement Control Order

Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) bermula dari 18 Mac hingga (MCO) from 18 March to 3 May 2020 to curb the spread
3 Mei 2020 bagi mengekang penularan wabak virus of the COVID-19 virus in the country. This resulted
COVID-19 di negara ini. Keadaan ini telah menyebabkan in industrial, commercial and social activities being
aktiviti industri, komersial dan sosial terhenti kecuali brought to a halt except for the essential industrial and
bagi sektor-sektor industri dan perkilangan yang perlu service sectors. The Conditional Movement Control
sahaja. Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Bersyarat (PKPB) Order (CMCO) came into force from 4 May to 9 June
mula dilaksanakan dari 4 Mei 2020 sehingga 9 Jun 2020 2020 when most commercial premises were allowed to
di mana kebanyakan premis komersial dibenarkan untuk operate and the workforce was, with conditions, allowed
beroperasi dan sebahagian orang ramai dibenarkan to go out to work. The Government then announced
untuk keluar bekerja. Kerajaan juga telah mengumumkan the implementation of the Recovery Movement Control
bahawa pelaksanaan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Order (RMCO) from 10 June to 31 August 2020 where
Pemulihan (PKPP) bermula pada 10 Jun sehingga 31 Ogos more flexibilities were given to commercial and industrial
2020 di mana lebih banyak kelonggaran yang diberikan premises to operate and the public was allowed to go
kepada premis komersial dan industri untuk beroperasi out to do their respective activities.
dan orang ramai dibenarkan untuk keluar melakukan
aktiviti masing-masing.
JAS telah membuat pemantauan dan analisis DOE conducted comparative monitoring and analysis
perbandingan terhadap IPU dan juga gas-gas pencemar of the API as well as other air pollutants during MCO,
udara yang lain semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPP dan CMCO and RMCO and compared with the situation
dibandingkan dengan keadaan sebelum arahan PKP before the MCO directive was issued from 1 March 2020
dikeluarkan iaitu dari 1 Mac 2020 hingga 17 Mac 2020. to 17 March 2020.
Rajah 1.13 menunjukkan ringkasan peratus perbezaan Figure 1.13 shows a summary of the percentage
perbandingan bagi IPU bilangan hari baik di seluruh difference in comparison for the number of good API
negara sebelum PKP, semasa PKP dan PKPB serta PKPP. days throughout the nation before MCO, during MCO and
Bilangan bacaan IPU baik merekodkan peratus bacaan during CMCO and RMCO periods. The number of ‘good’
yang lebih tinggi semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPP berbanding API readings recorded a higher percentage during MCO,
sebelum PKP iaitu masing-masing dengan peratus CMCO and RMCO compared to before MCO - an increase
peningkatan IPU baik sebanyak 37%, 53% dan 20%. of good API days by 37%, 53% and 20% respectively.
60
Perbezaan (%) / Differences (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
PKP / MCO PKPB / CMCO PKPP / RMCO
Rajah 1.13 : Perbezaan Peratus IPU Bilangan Hari Baik Semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPP
Figure 1.13 : Percentage Differences of API in the Number of Good Days During MCO, CMCO and RMCO
STATUS KUALITI UDARA SEBELUM DAN SEPANJANG AIR QUALITY STATUS BEFORE AND DURING THE
TEMPOH PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN DI PERIOD OF MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER IN
LEMBAH KLANG KLANG VALLEY
Analisis terperinci telah dijalankan ke atas beberapa Detailed analyses were conducted on several key
parameter utama iaitu habuk halus bersaiz diameter 2.5 parameters namely particulate matter of 2.5 microns in
mikron (PM2.5 ), sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida diameter size (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2 ), karbon monoksida (CO) dan ozon (O3) di beberapa (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) at several air
stesen pengawasan kualiti udara di Lembah Klang iaitu quality monitoring stations in the Klang Valley, namely in
di Batu Muda, Cheras, Putrajaya, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Batu Muda, Cheras, Putrajaya, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam,
Klang dan Banting bagi tempoh PKP, PKPB dan PKPP dan Klang and Banting during MCO, CMCO and RMCO periods
dibandingkan dengan tempoh sebelum PKP. and were compared to levels before the MCO period.
NO2 menunjukkan peratus penurunan kepekatan NO2 showed the highest decline during MCO of 52%
yang tertinggi semasa PKP iaitu 52% dan diikuti oleh followed by CO at 25%, SO2 at 18% and PM2.5 at 14%.
CO 25%, SO2 18% dan PM2.5 14%. Hanya O3 yang Only O3 showed an increase during MCO of 11% due to
menunjukkan peningkatan semasa PKP iaitu sebanyak the nitration process between NO and O3. A decrease
11% yang disebabkan oleh proses penitratan di antara in concentration levels of NO2, indirectly increases the
NO dan O3. Penurunan kepekatan NO2 secara tidak concentration of ozone gas in the atmosphere. However,
langsung meningkatkan kepekatan ozon di atmosfera. NO2 and SO2 showed an increase when RMCO directives
Walaubagaimanapun, NO2 dan SO2 menunjukkan were issued in which restrictions on the operating
peningkatan apabila arahan PKPP dikeluarkan di mana industries were lifted and the number of vehicles on the
sekatan untuk industri beroperasi dilonggarkan dan road increased while PM2.5 concentrations still showed
bilangan kenderaan di jalan raya semakin bertambah a decrease during MCO, CMCO and RMCO. The trend of
manakala kepekatan PM2.5 masih menunjukkan peratus change in percentage of each pollutant concentration is
penurunan semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPB. Tren perubahan shown in Figure 1.14.
peratus setiap kepekatan pencemar ditunjukkan di
dalam Rajah 1.14.
PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO O3

PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50

-60
Rajah 1.14 : Perbezaan Peratus Pencemar Udara Semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPP di Lembah Klang
Figure 1.14 : Percentage Differences of Air Pollutants During MCO, CMCO and RMCO in Klang Valley
STATUS KUALITI UDARA SEBELUM DAN SEPANJANG AIR QUALITY STATUS BEFORE AND DURING
TEMPOH PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN DI THE PERIOD OF MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER IN
BANDAR UTAMA IN MALAYSIA MAIN CITIES OF MALAYSIA
Analisis kualiti udara turut dijalankan ke atas stesen Air quality analyses were also conducted on air quality
pengawasan kualiti udara di bandar-bandar utama di monitoring stations in major cities throughout Malaysia
seluruh Malaysia seperti di Pulau Pinang, Ipoh, Shah Alam, such as Penang, Ipoh, Shah Alam, Kuantan, Seremban,
Kuantan, Seremban, Melaka, Pasir Gudang, Kuching Melaka, Pasir Gudang, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu for
dan Kota Kinabalu bagi tempoh yang sama dan tren the same period and the percentage of change for each
perubahan peratus bagi setiap kepekatan pencemar concentration of pollutant is shown in Figure 1.15.
ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 1.15.
NO2 menunjukkan peratus perbezaan penurunan NO2 showed a marked decrease during MCO of 45%
kepekatan yang lebih tinggi semasa PKP iaitu 45% dan followed by SO2 with 12%, PM2.5 with 8% and CO with
diikuti oleh SO2 12%, PM2.5 8 % dan CO 7%. Hanya O3 yang 7%. Only O3 showed an increase during the MCO of 16%.
menunjukkan peningkatan semasa PKP iaitu sebanyak However, all air pollutant parameters showed an increase
16%. Walau bagaimanapun, semua parameter pencemar when the CMCO and RMCO were implemented. This was
udara menunjukkan peningkatan apabila arahan PKPB primarily due to active industrial activities, shipping
dan PKPP dilaksanakan. Keadaan ini adalah dipengaruhi activities in ports as well as the optimal operation of
oleh kegiatan industri yang berjalan secara aktif, aktiviti power stations in major cities during the CMCO and
perkapalan di pelabuhan serta pengoperasian janakuasa RMCO periods.
tenaga secara optimum di bandar-bandar utama semasa
tempoh PKPB dan PKPP.
Kesimpulannya, peningkatan bilangan kenderaan di In conclusion, the increasing number of vehicles on the
jalanraya dan juga aktiviti industri memainkan peranan road as well as industrial activities play an important
penting dalam mempengaruhi tren kualiti udara di role in influencing air quality trends in the country. This
dalam negara. Ini adalah terbukti apabila Kerajaan telah is evident when the Government lifted the MCO and
melonggarkan PKP kepada PKPB dan PKPP, terdapat moved to CMCO and RMCO conditions. There was an
peningkatan parameter pencemar udara walaupun increase in air pollutant parameters even though the
aktiviti sosial dan industri tidak sepenuhnya beroperasi. social and industrial activities were not fully operational.
Walau bagaimanapun, tahap pencemaran kualiti udara Nevertheless, the level of air quality during the MCO,
semasa tempoh PKP, PKPB dan PKPP masih lagi baik CMCO and RMCO periods remained good through to the
sehingga akhir tahun 2020 jika dibandingkan dengan end of 2020 compared to the period before the MCO was
tempoh sebelum PKP dilaksanakan. Ini juga kemungkinan implemented. This could also be attributed to the wet
dipengaruhi oleh cuaca yang basah dalam negara dalam weather in the country during that period.
tempoh tersebut.
PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO O3

PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPP / RMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKPB / CMCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
PKP / MCO
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Rajah 1.15 : Perbezaan Peratus Pencemar Udara Semasa PKP, PKPB dan PKPP bagi Bandar Utama di Malaysia
Figure 1.15 : Percentage Differences of Air Pollutants During MCO, CMCO and RMCO for Main Cities in Malaysia
BAB 2
CHAPTER 2
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
38 BAB 2 KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI / RIVER WATER QUALITY
PROGRAM PENGAWASAN KUALITI ALAM SEKITAR THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING

(EQMP) PROGRAMME (EQMP)
EQMP merupakan satu program inisiatif kerajaan untuk EQMP is a Government initiative to consolidate and
memantapkan pemantauan kualiti alam sekitar. Program strengthen the monitoring of environmental quality. The
ini melibatkan pengumpulan data kualiti air sungai di programme involves data collection of river water quality
seluruh Malaysia bagi tujuan untuk melaporkan tahap throughout Malaysia for the purpose of reporting the
sebenar kualiti alam sekitar Negara dalam usaha untuk actual level of environmental quality in the country in
memantau, mencegah dan mengawal pencemaran. order to effectively monitor, prevent and control pollution.
EQMP ini adalah penambahbaikan daripada sistem The EQMP is an improvement of the environmental quality
pengawasan kualiti alam sekitar yang telah digunapakai monitoring system that had been adopted by the
oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) sejak tahun 1995 Department of Environment (DOE) from 1995 to 2015 for
sehingga 2015 bagi pengawasan kualiti air sungai. river water quality monitoring.
PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR SUNGAI MANUAL MANUAL RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING
JAS meneruskan program pengawasan kualiti air sungai The DOE continued the river water quality monitoring
pada tahun 2020 bagi menentukan kualiti air sungai dan programme in 2020 to determine the status of river
mengesan perubahan ke atas kualiti air sungai. Sampel- water quality and to detect changes in river water
sampel air sungai diambil daripada stesen-stesen yang quality. Water samples were collected from designated
telah ditetapkan dan diukur kualitinya secara in-situ stations for in-situ and laboratory analysis to determine
serta dihantar ke makmal untuk dianalisis bertujuan the physic, chemistry and biological characteristics. The
menentukan kriteria dari segi fizik-kimia dan biologi. Water Quality Index (WQI) is used to indicate the level
Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) digunakan untuk mengukur of pollution and the corresponding suitability in terms
tahap pencemaran dan kesesuaian jenis guna air seperti of water uses according to the National Water Quality
yang digariskan oleh Standard Kualiti Air Kebangsaan Standards for Malaysia (NWQS) (ANNEX). The WQI takes
(ANNEX). IKA telah mengambilkira parameter Oksigen into consideration parameters including Dissolved
Terlarut (DO), Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD), Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Keperluan Oksigen Kimia (COD), Ammoniakal Nitrogen Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen
(AN), Pepejal Terampai (SS) dan pH. Pada tahun 2020, (AN), Suspended Solids (SS) and pH-levels. In 2020, river
kualiti air sungai telah dinilai berdasarkan sejumlah water quality was assessed based on 8,098 samples taken
8,098 sampel air sungai yang telah diambil daripada from a total of 1,353 manual monitoring stations covering
sejumlah 1,353 stesen pengawasan manual yang 672 rivers in Malaysia.
merangkumi 672 sungai di Malaysia.
RIVER WATER QUALITY CHAPTER 2 39
STATUS KUALITI AIR SUNGAI RIVER WATER QUALITY STATUS
Sejumlah 443 (66%) sungai daripada 672 sungai yang Out of the 672 rivers monitored, 443 (66%) showed good
dipantau telah menunjukkan indeks kualiti air bersih, water quality, 195 (29%) were slightly polluted while 34
195 (29%) adalah sederhana tercemar dan 34 (5%) adalah (5%) were polluted (Figure 2.1). The monitored rivers
tercemar (Rajah 2.1). Status kualiti air bagi sungai-sungai and their overall quality status are as in Tables 2.1, Table
yang dipantau adalah seperti dalam Jadual 2.1, Jadual 2.2 and Table 2.3.
2.2 dan Jadual 2.3.
Keperluan BOD, AN, dan SS masih menjadi punca As in previous years, the BOD, AN and SS remained
kepada pencemaran sungai. BOD yang tinggi kerap significant parameters in terms of river pollution. High BOD
kali dikaitkan dengan pengolahan sisa kumbahan yang can be attributed to inadequate treatment of sewage or
tidak mencukupi, atau akibat pelepasan efluen daripada effluent from agro-based and manufacturing industries.
industri-industri pengilangan dan berasaskan pertanian. The main sources of AN may be linked to animal farming
Punca utama AN, pula boleh dikaitkan dengan aktiviti and domestic sewage, while the sources for SS were
penternakan dan kumbahan domestik manakala punca mainly due to improper earthworks and land clearing
utama SS adalah kerja-kerja tanah yang tidak teratur dan activities.
aktiviti pembukaan tanah.
100
672 672
638
90
579 577 570
80
Peratus Bilangan Sungai / Percentage Number of River
464 477 477 477 477 477 477

70
66%
61%

58% 59% 58% 58% 58%
60 56%
53%
51% 51%
50
47% 46%
43% 43%
39%
40 38%
36% 36% 36%
35%
34% 34%
32% 31%
30 29%
20
13% 11%
10% 10%
10 8% 9% 8% 8% 8% 9%
6% 7%
5%
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Baik / Good Sederhana Tercemar / Slightly Polluted Tercemar / Polluted Jumlah Sungai / Total Number of River
Rajah 2.1 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai, 2008-2020

Figure 2.1 : River Water Quality Trend, 2008-2020
Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2020

Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2020
BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
SUNGAI / SUNGAI / RIVER IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS / IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS /
STATE NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
STATIONS
Sg. Arau 2 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Empangan Timah
1 87 B/C II 93 B/C I
Tasoh
Sg. Jarum 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Jernih 2 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kok Mak 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II

Perlis Sg. Perlis
Sg. Ngulang 1 82 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Pelarit 1 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Serai 1 76 ST/SP III 82 B/C II
Sg. Terusan Mada 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Wang Kelian 1 94 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Ahning 1 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Changlun 1 77 ST/SP II 87 B/C II
Sg. Janing 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Napoh 1 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Padang Terap 5 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pedu 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kedah Sg. Pendang 1 77 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Sintok 1 81 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tekai 1 80 ST/SP II 88 B/C II
Sg. Temin 1 77 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Terusan Lengkuas 1 89 B/C II 86 B/C II

Sg. Terusan Mada

1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Selatan
Sg. Terusan Tengah 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Kedah Sg. Kisap Sg. Kisap 1 90 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Kuah Sg. Kuah 1 74 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Bukit Merah 1 80 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Sg. Bukit Nanas 1 93 B/C I 95 B/C I

Sg. Merbok
Sg. Tok Pawang 2 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Tupah 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Chepir 1 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Gunung Inas 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Karangan 1 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Ketil 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II

Sg. Muda
Sg. Muda 12 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Pegang 1 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Sedim 2 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tawar 3 90 B/C II 88 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Melaka 3 82 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Petang 1 93 B/C I 96 B/C I

Kedah Sg. Ulu Melaka
Sg. Saga 1 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Tuba 1 88 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Juru Sg. Ara 1 66 ST/SP III 82 B/C II
Sg. Air Terjun 1 93 B/C I 95 B/C I

P. Pinang
Sg. Pinang Sg. Batu Feringghi 2 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Satu 1 93 B/C I 96 B/C I

P. Pinang /
Sg. Perai Sg. Kulim 5 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Kedah
Sg. Kechil 2 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kerian 6 83 B/C II 86 B/C II

P. Pinang /
Kedah / Sg. Kerian Sg. Selama 3 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Perak
Sg. Semang 1 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Terusan Bagan Serai 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Bruas 3 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Dandang 1 86 B/C II 91 B/C II

Sg. Bruas
Sg. Licin 1 95 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Rotan 2 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Air Hitam 1 76 ST/SP III 95 B/C I
Sg. Kurau Sg. Ara 2 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Kurau 4 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Batang Padang 3 82 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Behrang 1 94 B/C I 97 B/C I
Sg. Berok 1 92 B/C II 96 B/C I
Sg. Bidor 3 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Chenderiang 2 91 B/C II 93 B/C I

Perak
Sg. Chepor 1 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Cuar 1 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Ibol 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Perak Sg. Kampar 2 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Kangsar 3 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kerbau 2 92 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Kinjang 1 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Kinta 9 76 ST/SP III 83 B/C II
Sg. Klah 2 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Klian Baru 2 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Klian Gunong 1 93 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Kuang 1 80 ST/SP II 81 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020

LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Manong 1 95 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Pelus 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Perak 18 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Pulau 1 94 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Raia 2 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Rui 2 91 B/C II 94 B/C I

Sg. Perak
Sg. Sungkai 4 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sungkai Mati 2 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Tapah 1 95 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Teja 1 78 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Tesong 1 94 B/C I 96 B/C I

Perak
Sg. Woh 1 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Raja Sg. Manjong 2 85 B/C II 86 B/C II

Hitam Sg. Nyior 1 95 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Batu Tegoh 5 82 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Jana 2 86 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Lidin 1 75 ST/SP III 84 B/C II
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Limau 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Nyior 2 88 B/C II 96 B/C I
Sg. Temerloh 2 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Trong 2 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Wangi Sg. Wangi 2 79 ST/SP II 81 B/C II

Sg. Bernam 8 81 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Dusun 1 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Perak / Sg. Gelinting 1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II

Sg. Bernam
Selangor Sg. Inki 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Slim 3 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Trolak 3 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Batang Kali 1 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kanching 1 84 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kerling 1 93 B/C I 94 B/C I

Sg. Selangor
Selangor Sg. Rangkap 1 92 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Selangor 10 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Serendah 1 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Tengi Sg. Tengi 4 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Anak Air Batu 1 72 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Selangor / Sg. Rasau 1 74 ST/SP III 83 B/C II

Sg. Klang
W.P. KL Sg. Rumput 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Semelah 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Anak Chuau 1 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Beranang 1 76 ST/SP III 82 B/C II

Selangor/ Sg. Chuau 2 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Putrajaya/ Sg. Langat
N.Sembilan Sg. Jijan 1 78 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Rinching 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Semenyih 3 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Batang Melaka 3 80 ST/SP II 88 B/C II
Melaka / Sg. Dusun 1 86 B/C II 93 B/C I

Sg. Melaka
N. Sembilan Sg. Kemunting 1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tampin 3 86 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Batang Penar 6 82 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Batu Hampar 1 88 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Chembong 1 83 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Jelai 1 84 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Kenaboi 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kepayong 2 83 B/C II 88 B/C II

N. Sembilan /
Sg. Linggi Sg. Kundur Besar 1 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Melaka
Sg. Muar 1 90 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Pedas 1 83 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Rembau 1 82 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Simin 1 77 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Simpang Ampat 1 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II

Sg. Siput 2 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Duyong Sg. Gapam 1 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chohong 2 82 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Seri
Sg. Sg.Udang 1 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
Melaka
Sg. Bantang 1 91 B/C II 96 B/C I
Sg. Bekok 6 71 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Chaah 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Batu Sg. Kahang 1 86 B/C II 90 B/C II

Pahat Sg. Lenik 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Johor Sg. Merek 1 81 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Merpo 1 81 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Semberong Dam 1 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Machap Dam 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Benut Sg. Parit Hj. Yassin 1 77 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Ulu Benut 1 79 ST/SP II 89 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Anak Sg. Semberong 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Dengar 1 80 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Empangan Labong 1 92 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Endau 3 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Jasin 1 94 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Kahang 3 86 B/C II 90 B/C II

Sg. Endau
Sg. Lenggor 2 86 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Mamai 1 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Paloh 1 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Selai 1 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Semberong 5 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tamok 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Jemaluang Sg. Jemaluang 2 86 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Belitong 1 86 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Johor 6 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Layang 1 89 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Layau Kiri 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Linggiu 1 88 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Papan 1 83 B/C II 81 B/C II

Johor
Sg. Pelepah 4 91 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Johor Sg. Penggeli 2 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Remis 1 86 B/C II 86 B/C II

Sg. Santi 1 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Sayong 4 85 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Seluyut 1 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Semangar 1 82 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Sening 1 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Telor 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Empangan Congok 1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II

Sg. Mersing
Sg. Mersing 3 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Paloi Sg. Paloi 1 80 ST/SP II 89 B/C II

Sg. Pontian
Sg. Pontian Kecil 2 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Kecil
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 1 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Ambat 1 88 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Dohol 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II

Sg. Sedili
Sg. Pasir Panjang 1 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Besar
Sg. Sedili Besar 6 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Temubor Kanan 1 90 B/C II 93 B/C I


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Johor Sg. Sedili Kecil Sg. Sedili Kecil 2 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Air Panas 1 92 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Belemang 1 90 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Gemencheh 2 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Jementah 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Juasseh 3 88 B/C II 94 B/C I

Johor /
N. Sembilan / Sg. Muar Sg. Labis 3 79 ST/SP II 88 B/C II
Pahang
Sg. Meda 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Muar 25 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. P.Mengkuang 1 67 ST/SP III 89 B/C II
Sg. Palong 2 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Pendol 1 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Segamat 3 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Anak Sg. Lepar 1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Batu 1 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Belayar 1 89 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Bentong 6 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Benus 3 83 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Bera 5 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Berkelah 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Bertam 4 89 B/C II 94 B/C I

Sg. Bilut 2 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Burung 1 92 B/C II 96 B/C I
Sg. Chini 1 86 B/C II 82 B/C II

Pahang /
Sg. Pahang Sg. Gapoi 1 94 B/C I 94 B/C I
N. Sembilan
Sg. Habu 1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Jempol 5 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Jengka 2 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kecau 3 80 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kelau 4 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kertam 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Koyan 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Krau 1 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Lenggok 1 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Lepar 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Lipis 3 86 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Luit 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Maran 1 90 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Mentiga 3 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pahang 27 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Penjuring 1 87 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Pertang 2 83 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Perting 1 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Raub 1 89 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Retang 1 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Ringlet 1 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Salak 1 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Semantan 4 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Serting 5 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. T. Paya Bungor 1 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Pahang / Sg. Tahan 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II

Sg. Pahang
N. Sembilan Sg. Tanglir 5 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Bera 1 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Chini 10 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Teh 1 90 B/C II 93 B/C I

Sg. Tekal 1 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Telang 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Telemong 3 88 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Telom 2 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Tembeling 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Teranum 1 87 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Teras 2 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Teris 3 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Terla 2 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Triang 3 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tringkap 1 82 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Ulong 1 94 B/C I 96 B/C I

Sg. Anak
Sg. Anak Endau 2 92 B/C II 87 B/C II
Endau
Sg. Bebar 2 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Pahang Sg. Bebar
Sg. Merba 1 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Cherating Sg. Cherating 1 79 ST/SP II 81 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Charu 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Kenau 1 90 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Kuantan 8 87 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Kuantan
Sg. Pandan 1 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Reman 1 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Riau 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Merchong Sg. Merchong 2 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Pahang Sg. Aur 1 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Jekatih 2 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Jeram 1 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kepasing 1 81 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Rompin
Sg. Keratong 4 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Pontian 1 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Pukin 3 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Rompin 5 87 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Besut 5 90 B/C II 92 B/C II

Sg. Besut
Sg. Jertih 1 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Chukai Sg. Ibok 2 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Dungun 5 88 B/C II 90 B/C II

Sg. Dungun
Sg. Telemboh 1 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Ibai Sg. Ibai 3 78 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Cherul 3 85 B/C II 90 B/C II

Sg. Kemaman 3 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kemaman
Sg. Perasing 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Ransan 2 73 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Kertih Sg. Kertih 2 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Terengganu Sg. Kluang Sg. Kluang 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Marang 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Marang
Sg. Temala 1 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Merang Sg. Merang 1 77 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Besul 1 86 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Paka 3 85 B/C II 87 B/C II

Sg. Paka
Sg. Rasau 2 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Rengat 1 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Bari 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Chalok 3 87 B/C II 86 B/C II

Sg. Setiu
Sg. Setiu 2 86 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tarom 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Berang 2 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Nerus 6 88 B/C II 89 B/C II

Terengganu
Terengganu Sg. Telemong 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Terengganu 4 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Golok 5 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Golok Sg. Jedok 1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Lanas 1 86 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Belatop 3 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Ber 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Berok 3 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Betis 1 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Chiku 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Galas 5 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kelantan 7 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kelesa 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kenkren 1 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Kerilla 2 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Kelantan Sg. Kelantan Sg. Ketil 2 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Lebir 5 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Muring 1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Nal 3 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Nenggiri 3 81 B/C II 81 B/C II

Sg. Pehi 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pelaur 1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Pergau 8 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Relai 2 84 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sokor 1 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Tuang 1 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kemasin 2 81 B/C II 83 B/C II

Sg. Kemasin
Sg. Semerak 3 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Pengkalan
Sg. Pengkalan Datu 3 76 ST/SP III 85 B/C II
Datu
Sg. Apas Sg. Apas 1 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Balung Sg. Balung 1 93 B/C I 87 B/C II
Sg. Bengkoka Sg. Bengkoka 2 85 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sabah Sg. Bandau 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Bingkongan 2 92 B/C II 91 B/C II

Bingkongan Sg. Menggaris 2 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Tandek 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Bongawan Sg. Bongawan 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Brantian Sg. Brantian 1 91 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kalabakan Sg. Kalabakan 3 86 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Kalumpang 3 89 B/C II 86 B/C II

Kalumpang Sg. Pang Burong 1 1 89 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kedamaian 1 93 B/C I 90 B/C II

Sg.
Sg. Tempasuk 2 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
Kedamaian
Sg. Wariu 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kimanis Sg. Kimanis 1 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Karamuak 1 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kinabatangan 4 87 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Koyah 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II

Sg.
Sg. Leepang 1 88 B/C II 84 B/C II
Kinabatangan
Sg. Menanggul 1 87 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Pin 1 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Takala 1 88 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kinipir 2 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Labok 1 89 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sabah Sg. Labok Sg. Liwagu 2 91 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Maliau 1 93 B/C I 92 B/C II
Sg. Tungud 1 90 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Lakutan Sg. Lakutan 1 90 B/C II 89 B/C II

Sg. Inanam 3 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Likas
Sg. Menggatal 2 90 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sg. Bukau 1 90 B/C II 88 B/C II

Lingkungan Sg. Lingkungan 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Membakut Sg. Membakut 1 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Menggalong Sg. Menggalong 2 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Merotai Sg. Merotai 3 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Mounad Sg. Mounad 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Moyog Sg. Moyog 4 92 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bunsit 1 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Liawan 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Padas 4 87 B/C II 86 B/C II

Sg. Padas
Sg. Pangatan 1 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Pegalan 3 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tandulu 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Paitan Sg. Paitan 1 88 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Papar Sg. Papar 5 92 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sapi 3 87 B/C II 85 B/C II

Sg. Sapi
Sg. Sualong 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Segaliud Sg. Segaliud 2 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Segama Sg. Segama 3 91 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Silabukan Sg. Silabukan 2 90 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bongkud 1 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Lohan 1 92 B/C II 91 B/C II

Sg. Sugut
Sg. Merali 1 92 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sabah
Sg. Sugut 3 91 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tawau Sg. Tawau 4 88 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Telipok Sg. Telipok 2 77 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Tenghilan Sg. Tenghilan 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tingkayu Sg. Tingkayu 2 89 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Damit 2 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tuaran Sg. Song Sai 1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Tuaran 2 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tungku Sg. Tungku 2 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Umas-Umas Sg. Umas Umas 1 90 B/C II 83 B/C II

Sg. Balingian Sg. Balingian 2 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Baram 4 88 B/C II 84 B/C II

Sg. Baram
Sg. Tutuh 1 92 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kayan Sg. Kayan 3 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kemena 4 85 B/C II 82 B/C II

Sg. Kemena
Sg. Sibiu 1 83 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Kerian 2 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Seblak 1 82 B/C II 84 B/C II

Sarawak
Sg. Selalang 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Lawas Sg. Lawas 3 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Limbang Sg. Limbang 5 91 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Ai 2 92 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Lupar 3 88 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Lupar Sg. Sekerang 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Seterap 1 86 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Undup 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II


BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Adong 1 70 ST/SP III 83 B/C II
Sg. Dalam 1 74 ST/SP III 84 B/C II

Sg. Miri
Sg. Miri 2 75 ST/SP III 87 B/C II
Sg. Padang Liku 1 90 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Mukah Sg. Mukah 5 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Niah Sg. Niah 2 90 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Oya Sg. Oya 3 84 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Baloi 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Binatang 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Julau 1 90 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kanowit 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II

Sg. Rajang
Sg. Pakan 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Rajang 11 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Salim 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sarikei 2 87 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sadong 4 84 B/C II 83 B/C II

Sarawak Sg. Sadong
Sg. Tarat 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kuap 2 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak 6 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak Kanan 1 85 B/C II 82 B/C II

Sg. Sarawak
Sg. Sarawak Kiri 1 87 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Semadang 1 90 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tapah 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Saribas Sg. Layar 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Semunsam Sg. Semunsam 1 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kejapil 1 90 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Sibuti Sg. Satap 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Sibuti 2 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Similajau Sg. Similajau 2 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Suai Sg. Suai 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tatau Sg. Tatau 1 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Trusan Sg. Trusan 1 92 B/C II 88 B/C II
Nota / Note :
B/C : Bersih / Clean
ST/SP : Sederhana tercemar / Slightly polluted
T/P : Tercemar / Polluted
Jadual 2.2 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Sederhana Tercemar, 2020
Table 2.2 : Water Quality Status of Slightly Polluted Rivers, 2020
BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Korok 1 71 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III

Perlis Sg. Perlis
Sg. Perlis 1 72 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Kedah Sg. Kedah 1 64 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Batu 1 66 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Bongkok 1 63 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Merbok Sg. Korok 1 69 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III

Kedah
Sg. Merbok 1 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Petani 1 54 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Muda Sg. Jerong 2 67 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Ulu Melaka Sg. Chenang 1 69 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Bayan Sg. Bayan Lepas 1 76 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III

Lepas Sg. Tiram 2 71 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Junjong 3 62 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III

Sg. Jawi
Sg. Machang Bubok 1 70 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Juru 2 56 T/P III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Juru Sg. Kilang Ubi 5 68 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Pasir 1 61 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Ara 2 85 B/C II 67 ST/SP III

P. Pinang
Sg. Dua Besar 1 57 T/P III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Kluang
Sg. Kluang 1 63 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Relau 1 66 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III

Sg. Air Itam 3 76 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Dondang 6 74 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinang Sg. Jelutong 1 64 ST/SP III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinang 3 68 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Titi Kerawang 1 63 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Jarak 6 72 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Keladi 1 74 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Kubang Semang 1 64 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III

P. Pinang /
Sg. Perai Sg. Perai 2 63 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Kedah
Sg. Pertama 1 59 T/P III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Seluang 1 64 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Seluang Bawah 2 65 ST/SP III 61 ST/SP III

P. Pinang /
Sg. Kerian Sg. Serdang 1 73 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Kedah / Perak
Sg. Kepayang 2 70 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Perak Sg. Perak Sg. Kerdah 2 72 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Nyamok 1 68 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Pari 2 72 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Pinji 2 67 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Seluang 1 58 T/P III 72 ST/SP III

Sg. Perak
Sg. Serokai 2 69 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Sintang 1 65 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Perak Sg. Tumboh 1 71 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Derhaka 2 68 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II

Sg. Raja
Hitam Sg. Raja Hitam 3 68 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Malai 2 76 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III

Sg. Sepetang
Sg. Sepetang 2 78 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Wangi Sg. Deralik 2 73 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Buloh Sg. Buloh 6 52 T/P III 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Air Hitam 1 92 B/C II 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Guntong 1 73 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Selangor Sg. Selangor Sg. Kundang 1 66 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Rawang 1 70 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Sembah 2 74 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Sepang Sg. Sepang 3 75 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Balak 1 56 T/P III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang Benar 1 67 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang Labu 8 72 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Batang Nilai 2 72 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II

Selangor/

Putrajaya/ Sg. Langat Sg. Buan 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
N.Sembilan
Sg. Langat 9 72 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Limau Manis 1 74 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Pajam 2 63 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Sering 1 60 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Ampang 2 60 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Batu 5 70 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Belongkong 1 67 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Bunos 3 67 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Damansara 5 62 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III

Selangor/
Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 5 63 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
W.P. KL
Sg. Jinjang 4 66 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Keroh 3 60 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Klang 13 58 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Kuyoh 2 51 T/P IV 62 ST/SP III
Sg. Penchala 3 64 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III

BILANGAN 2019 2020

LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Pusu 1 67 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III

Selangor /
Sg. Klang Sg. Toba 1 59 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
W.P. KL
Sg. Untut 1 54 T/P III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Duyong Sg. Duyong 3 71 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Chin-Chin 3 73 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Kesang Sg. Kesang 3 72 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II

Melaka
Sg. Tangkak 1 64 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Seri Sg. Air Salak 1 65 ST/SP III 62 ST/SP III

Melaka Sg. Seri Melaka 1 65 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Durian Tunggal 1 73 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Malim 2 58 T/P III 67 ST/SP III

Melaka /
Sg. Melaka Sg. Melaka 14 71 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
N. Sembilan
Sg. Putat 2 58 T/P III 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Rembia 2 66 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
N. Sembilan Sg. Lukut Sg. Lukut 1 69 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Baru Sg. Baru 1 68 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Empangan Terip 1 72 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Kayu Ara 1 62 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
N. Sembilan / Sg. Linggi 6 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II

Melaka Sg. Linggi Sg. Ngoi Ngoi 1 73 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Paroi 1 76 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II

Sg. Senawang 1 74 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Temiang 2 68 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Air Baloi Sg. Air Baloi 3 49 T/P IV 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Amran 1 74 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Batu Sg. Batu Pahat 1 56 T/P III 66 ST/SP III

Pahat Sg. Berlian 1 79 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Simpang Kiri 3 61 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Benut 4 65 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III

Sg. Benut
Sg. Pinggan 1 61 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III
Johor Sg. Jebong 1 61 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Lenga 1 60 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Melatai 1 63 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III

Sg. Endau
Sg. Mengkibol 3 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Pamol 1 65 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Singol 1 55 T/P III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Anak Sg. Sayong 2 77 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II

Sg. Johor
Sg. Berangan 1 67 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Bukit Besar 2 76 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Chemangar 1 72 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Lebam 1 85 B/C II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Panti 1 72 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Johor Sg. Sebol 1 69 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Semenchu 1 35 T/P IV 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Serai 1 57 T/P III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Temoh 1 64 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Tiram 4 79 ST/SP II 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Kaw. Pasir Sg. Latoh 1 58 T/P III 62 ST/SP III

Gudang Sg. Masai 1 50 T/P IV 63 ST/SP III
Johor Sg. Kim-Kim Sg. Kim-Kim 2 67 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Pontian Sg. Air Hitam 2 80 ST/SP II 71 ST/SP III

Besar Sg. Pontian Besar 5 67 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Pulai 2 72 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II

Sg. Pulai
Sg. Ulu Choh 1 67 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Rambah Sg. Rambah 2 62 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Sedili Besar Sg. Mupur 1 47 T/P IV 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Anak Sedili Kecil 2 56 T/P III 64 ST/SP III

Sg. Sedili Kecil
Sg. Bahan 2 76 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Segget Sg. Segget 5 52 T/P III 65 ST/SP III

Sg. Melana 2 68 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Skudai
Sg. Skudai 9 57 T/P III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Gemas 2 67 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Kelamah 1 79 ST/SP II 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Merbudu 1 65 ST/SP III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Merlimau 1 59 T/P III 70 ST/SP III

Johor /
N. Sembilan / Sg. Muar Sg. Pagoh 1 67 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Pahang
Sg. Senarut 1 66 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Serom 1 55 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Simpang Loi 1 78 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Tenang 1 68 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II

Pahang /
Sg. Pahang Sg. Kundang 1 86 B/C II 79 ST/SP II
N. Sembilan
Sg. Balok 2 68 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Balok Sg. Panjang 1 86 B/C II 76 ST/SP III

Pahang
Sg. Yior 1 64 ST/SP III 62 ST/SP III
Sg. Bebar Sg. Serai 2 81 B/C II 79 ST/SP II

BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Belat 1 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Galing Besar 2 61 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III

Sg. Kuantan
Sg. Pinang 1 89 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Pahang Sg. Talam 1 69 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Bakar 1 71 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III

Sg. Rompin
Sg. Sepayang 1 84 B/C II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Tonggok Sg. Tonggok 2 70 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Bungkus 1 82 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Chukai Sg. Chukai 1 80 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Ruang 2 73 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Kemaman Sg. Neram 1 31 T/P IV 75 ST/SP III

Terengganu
Sg. Marang Sg. Kerak 1 81 B/C II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Landas 1 65 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III

Sg. Merchang
Sg. Merchang 1 72 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Terengganu Sg. Pueh 2 69 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Golok Sg. Tasik Garu 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Aring 1 76 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Isos 1 73 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III

Sg. Kelantan
Sg. Penangau 1 82 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Rasau 1 81 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Kemasin Sg. Gali 1 76 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II

Kelantan Sg. Alor B 1 48 T/P IV 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Alor Lintah 1 61 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III

Sg. Pengkalan Sg. Keladi 1 78 ST/SP II 76 ST/SP III
Chepa
Sg. Pengkalan Chepa 2 59 T/P III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Raja Gali 1 73 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Pengkalan
Sg. Pasir Hor 1 67 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Datu
Sg. Kalumpang Sg. Pang Burong 2 1 76 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Darau 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II

Sabah Sg. Likas
Sg. Likas 2 78 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Sembulan Sg. Sembulan 2 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Miri Sg. Lutong 2 86 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Niah Sg. Sekaloh 2 81 B/C II 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Daro 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II

Sarawak
Sg. Jemoreng 1 78 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Meradong 1 86 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Pila Parit 1 81 B/C II 62 ST/SP III

BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Sadong Sg. Karangan 2 78 ST/SP II 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Kelantan 1 84 B/C II 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Maong Kiri 1 76 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Sarawak Sg. Samarahan 2 70 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III

Sarawak
Sg. Semenggoh 1 77 ST/SP II 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Tabuan 1 73 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Saribas Sg. Saribas 1 80 ST/SP II 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Sibuti Sg. Kabuloh 2 68 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Nota / Note :
Sungai Linggi, Melaka / Linggi River, Melaka

Jadual 2.3 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Tercemar 2020

Table 2.3 : Water Quality Status of Polluted Rivers 2020
BILANGAN 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / STESEN /
STATE NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Chempedak 1 54 T/P III 47 T/P IV
Sg. Jawi Sg. Jawi 1 49 T/P IV 55 T/P III
P. Pinang Sg. Tengah 1 61 ST/SP III 49 T/P IV
Sg. Permatang Rawa 2 64 ST/SP III 59 T/P III

Sg. Juru
Sg. Rambai 2 51 T/P IV 57 T/P III
P. Pinang / Sg. Air Melintas 1 54 T/P III 58 T/P III

Sg. Perai
Kedah Sg. Kereh 3 57 T/P III 55 T/P III
Kedah Sg. Merbok Sg. Bakar Arang 1 59 T/P III 56 T/P III
Selangor / Sg. Air Busuk 1 59 T/P III 41 T/P IV

Sg. Klang
W.P. KL Sg. Kerayong 4 54 T/P III 58 T/P III
Selangor Sg. Sepang Sg. Rambai 1 21 T/P V 25 T/P V
N. Sembilan / Sg. Linggi Sg. Tuang 1 57 T/P III 57 T/P III

Melaka Sg. Tuang Sg. Tuang 1 58 T/P III 59 T/P III
Sg. Duyong Sg. Punggur 2 51 T/P IV 51 T/P IV

Melaka
Sg. Merlimau Sg. Merlimau 5 49 T/P IV 56 T/P III
Sg. Panchor 1 58 T/P III 59 T/P III
Sg. Batu Sg. Semberong 2 55 T/P III 58 T/P III

Pahat Sg. Simpang Kanan 2 56 T/P III 59 T/P III
Sg. Temehel 1 48 T/P IV 57 T/P III
Sg. Danga Sg. Danga 2 46 T/P IV 57 T/P III
Sg. Buluh 1 41 T/P IV 41 T/P IV

Sg. Kaw. Pasir

Sg. Perembi 1 42 T/P IV 57 T/P III
Gudang
Sg. Tukang Batu 1 37 T/P IV 42 T/P IV
Sg. Kempas Sg. Kempas 2 40 T/P IV 32 T/P IV

Johor Sg. Pontian
Sg. Ayer Merah 1 46 T/P IV 43 T/P IV
Besar
Sg. Sanglang Sg. Sanglang 1 60 ST/SP III 59 T/P III
Sg. Bala 1 42 T/P IV 55 T/P III
Sg. Pandan 1 43 T/P IV 46 T/P IV
Sg. Plentong 1 52 T/P III 56 T/P III
Sg. Tebrau Sg. Sebulung 1 38 T/P IV 53 T/P III
Sg. Sengkuang 1 35 T/P IV 52 T/P III
Sg. Tampoi 1 44 T/P IV 52 T/P III
Sg. Tebrau 5 56 T/P III 58 T/P III

Johor /
N. Sembilan / Sg. Muar Sg. Sarang Buaya 1 70 ST/SP III 58 T/P III
Pahang
Nota / Note :
Jadual 2.4 menunjukkan IKA sebanyak 24 daripada 34 Table 2.4 shows the WQI and that out of the 34 polluted
sungai tercemar tergolong dalam Kelas III, sembilan (9) rivers, 24 rivers were classified as Class III, while nine (9)
sungai adalah dalam Kelas IV, manakala satu (1) sungai rivers were Class IV, and one (1) river Class V. In terms of
adalah Kelas V. Berdasarkan sub-indeks BOD, dua (2) sungai BOD sub-index, one (1) river was classified as Class II, four
diklasifikasikan sebagai kelas II, empat (4) sungai Kelas III, (4) rivers as Class III, 18 rivers as Class IV and 10 rivers
18 sungai Kelas IV, manakala 10 sungai Kelas V. Dari segi as Class V. In terms of AN sub-index, two (2) rivers were
sub-indeks AN, pula, dua (2) sungai tergolong dalam classified as Class II, also two (2) rivers as Class III, four
Kelas II, dua (2) sungai juga Kelas III, empat (4) sungai Kelas (4) rivers as Class IV and 26 rivers as Class V. In terms of
IV manakala 26 sungai adalah Kelas V. Dari segi sub-indeks SS sub-index, 10 rivers were classified as Class I, 15 rivers
SS, 10 sungai yang diklasifikasikan kelas I, 15 sungai Kelas as Class II, seven (7) rivers as Class III and two (2) rivers as
II, tujuh (7) sungai Kelas III dan dua (2) sungai Kelas IV. Class IV.
Jadual 2.4 : Sungai Tercemar dan Kelas Kualiti Air Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD, AN dan SS, 2020
Table 2.4 : The Polluted Rivers and Classes Based on BOD, AN and SS Sub-Indexes, 2020
KELAS BERDASARKAN /
2020
LEMBANGAN CLASS BASED ON
NEGERI /
SUNGAI / SUNGAI / RIVER
STATE
RIVER BASIN KATEGORI / KELAS /
IKA / WQI BOD AN SS
CATEGORY CLASS
Sg. Chempedak 47 T/P IV IV V IV
Sg. Jawi Sg. Jawi 55 T/P III IV V III
P. Pinang Sg. Tengah 49 T/P IV IV V III
Sg. Permatang Rawa 59 T/P III IV V I

Sg. Juru
Sg. Rambai 57 T/P III IV V I
P. Pinang / Sg. Air Melintas 58 T/P III IV V III

Sg. Perai
Kedah Sg. Kereh 55 T/P III IV V III
Kedah Sg. Merbok Sg. Bakar Arang 56 T/P III V IV I
Selangor / Sg. Air Busuk 41 T/P IV V V II

Sg. Klang
W.P. KL Sg. Kerayong 58 T/P III IV V II
Selangor Sg. Sepang Sg. Rambai 25 T/P V V V III
N. Sembilan / Sg. Linggi Sg. Tuang 57 T/P III IV V II

Melaka Sg. Tuang Sg. Tuang 59 T/P III IV V III
Sg. Duyong Sg. Punggur 51 T/P IV IV V II

Melaka
Sg. Merlimau Sg. Merlimau 56 T/P III III IV I
Sg. Panchor 59 T/P III III IV I
Sg. Semberong 58 T/P III II III II

Sg. Batu Pahat
Sg. Simpang Kanan 59 T/P III II IV I
Sg. Temehel 57 T/P III IV V II
Johor Sg. Danga Sg. Danga 57 T/P III III V II
Sg. Buluh 41 T/P IV V III II

Sg. Kaw. Pasir
Sg. Perembi 57 T/P III IV V II
Gudang
Sg. Tukang Batu 42 T/P IV V V II
Sg. Kempas Sg. Kempas 32 T/P IV V V III

Jadual 2.4 : Sungai Tercemar dan Kelas Kualiti Air Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD, AN dan SS, 2020
Table 2.4 : The Polluted Rivers and Classes Based on BOD, AN and SS Sub-Indexes, 2020
KELAS BERDASARKAN /
2020
LEMBANGAN CLASS BASED ON
NEGERI /
SUNGAI / SUNGAI / RIVER
STATE
RIVER BASIN KATEGORI / KELAS /
IKA / WQI BOD AN SS
CATEGORY CLASS
Sg. Pontian Besar Sg. Ayer Merah 43 T/P IV V V I
Sg. Sanglang Sg. Sanglang 59 T/P III IV II IV
Sg. Bala 55 T/P III IV V II
Sg. Pandan 46 T/P IV V V II
Johor Sg. Plentong 56 T/P III IV V II
Sg. Tebrau Sg. Sebulung 53 T/P III V V I
Sg. Sengkuang 52 T/P III V V I
Sg. Tampoi 52 T/P III IV V I
Sg. Tebrau 58 T/P III IV V II
Johor /
N. Sembilan / Sg. Muar Sg. Sarang Buaya 58 T/P III III II II
Pahang
TREN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI TRENDS IN RIVER WATER POLLUTION
Kualiti air sungai yang ditentukan dari segi IKA telah The river water quality in terms of WQI shows an increase
menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun 2020. Peratus in 2020. The percentage of clean rivers has increased
bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai bersih slightly from 61% in 2019 to 66% in 2020. The percentage
telah sedikit meningkat kepada 66% pada tahun 2020 of polluted rivers has decreased from 9% in 2019 to 5%
berbanding 61% pada tahun sebelumnya. Peratus bilangan in 2020. These trends are shown in Figure 2.1.
sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai tercemar telah menurun

daripada 9% pada tahun 2019 kepada 5% pada tahun 2020.
Trend ini adalah ditunjukkan oleh Rajah 2.1.
Berdasarkan sub-indeks BOD, 352 sungai yang dikategori In terms of BOD sub-index, 352 of the monitored rivers
sebagai bersih pada tahun 2020 (Rajah 2.2). Bilangan have been categorised as clean in 2020 (Figure 2.2). The
sungai yang tercemar dari segi sub-indeks BOD telah number of polluted rivers in terms of BOD sub-index
menurun daripada 289 pada tahun 2019 kepada 84 sungai has decreased from 289 in 2019 to 84 rivers in 2020. The
pada tahun 2020. Peningkatan kualiti air sungai dari segi improvement of river water quality in terms of BOD sub-
sub-indeks BOD ini adalah disebabkan oleh pengurangan index is due to the reduction of organic waste from various
pelepasan bahan buangan yang bersifat organik daripada sources including wastewater from industrial, domestic
pelbagai punca seperti air sisa industri, serta aktiviti and commercial activities.
komersil dan domestik.
100
672 672
638
90
579 577 85%
570
80
77%
73%
70
477 477 477 477 477 477 70%
464
59%
60 57% 57%
55%
52%
50
45%
42% 43%
41% 41% 40%
40 37%
36% 39% 35%
32% 33%
30%
30
27% 26% 27%
23%
20 18% 18% 18%
17%
15%
13%
10 9%
8%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 2.2 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD (2008-2020)
Figure 2.2 : River Water Quality Trend Based on BOD Sub-Index (2008-2020)
Lata Lembik, Raub, Pahang

Dari segi sub-indeks AN pula, bilangan sungai bersih In terms of AN sub-index, the number of clean rivers has
telah meningkat daripada 211 pada tahun 2019 kepada increased from 211 in 2019 to 239 rivers in 2020 (Figure
239 pada tahun 2020 (Rajah 2.3). Bilangan sungai yang 2.3). The number of polluted rivers in terms of AN sub-
tercemar dari segi sub-indeks AN telah bertambah baik index parameter has reduced from 283 in 2019 to 220
daripada 283 pada tahun 2019 kepada 220 sungai pada rivers in 2020. The improvement of river water quality by
tahun 2020. Peningkatan kualiti air sungai yang bagi AN sub-index can be related to the reduction of discharge
sub-indeks AN boleh dikaitkan dengan pengurangan from treated and untreated sewage into the rivers.
pelepasan air sisa kumbahan manusia dan haiwan yang
ke dalam air sungai.
Dari segi sub-indeks SS pula, bilangan sungai yang In terms of SS sub-index, the number of clean rivers has
dikategorikan bersih telah meningkat daripada 456 pada increased from 456 in 2019 to 480 in 2020 (Figure 2.4).
tahun 2019 kepada 480 pada tahun 2020 (Rajah 2.4). The number of polluted rivers in terms of SS sub-index
Bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai tercemar dari has reduced from 133 in 2019 to 119 rivers in 2020. This
segi sub-indeks SS pula bertambah baik daripada 133 pada can be attributed to the efficient control over earthworks
2019 kepada 119 sungai pada tahun 2020. Peningkatan and land clearing activities in certain areas as well as to
kualiti air sungai dari segi pepejal terampai tersebut the COVID-19 pandemic that has hampered the growth
disebabkan oleh kecekapan kawalan ke atas aktiviti of the construction sector in our country.
kerja tanah dan pembukaan tanah di kawasan-kawasan
tertentu di samping kerencatan terhadap kepesatan
sektor pembinaan negara akibat pandemik COVID-19.
100
90
672 672
638
80
579 577 570

70
464 477 477 477 477 477 477

60
50 49% 49%
45% 46%
39% 38% 38% 42% 42%
40 38% 37%
36% 36% 36% 36% 36%
34%
32% 33% 32%33%
31% 31% 29% 32% 32%29%29% 31% 31%
30 28% 29% 27%
26% 26%
24% 24%
20 18% 17%
10
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 2.3 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN (2008-2020)

Figure 2.3 : River Water Quality Trend Based on AN Sub-Index (2008-2020)
100
90
672 672
638
80 78% 79%
579 577 570 74%
72% 71%
70 68%
63% 62%
59% 464 477 477 477 477 477 477
60
50 50% 51% 50%

46%
40
35%
32% 33%
30
27% 27%
22% 21% 22% 20%
20 18% 18%
17% 15% 17% 17%
14% 15% 13% 12% 13% 12% 12% 11%
10 10% 10%
10%
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 2.4 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks SS (2008-2020)

Figure 2.4 : River Water Quality Trend Based on SS Sub-Index (2008-2020)
Sungai Tembeling, Taman Negara / Tembeling River, National Park

LOGAM BERAT DALAM SUNGAI HEAVY METALS IN RIVERS
Analisis kandungan beberapa jenis logam berat dalam The heavy metals content that were analysed in river
air sungai telah dilakukan ke atas Raksa (Hg), Arsenik (As), water were Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd),
Kadmium (Cd), Kromium (Cr), Plumbum (Pb), dan Zink Chromium (Cr), Plumbum (Pb), and Zinc (Zn). In 2020,
(Zn). Pada tahun 2020, kesemua sampel air sungai all of the water samples showed that the concentration
telah menunjukkan kandungan logam Hg, Cd dan Zn of Hg, Cd and Zn was within Class II limits. Water samples
pada tahap Kelas II. Sampel air sungai yang diuji telah showed that the concentrations of As (99.2%) were within
menunjukkan kandungan As (99.2%) dalam Kelas II, Class II limits followed by Cr (99.8%) and Pb (99.9%).
dikuti dengan Cr (99.8%), dan Pb (99.9%).
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI DI HULU MUKA SAUK QUALITY OF RIVER WATER AT UPSTREAM INTAKES
Pada tahun 2020, 49 (89.1%) daripada 55 stesen pengawasan In 2020, 49 (89.1%) of the 55 monitoring stations located
kualiti air di hulu muka sauk telah menunjukkan indeks at upstream water intakes showed clean water quality
kualiti air bersih, sementara enam (6) (10.9%) stesen while six (6) (10.9%) stations were categorised as slightly
dikategorikan sebagai sederhana tercemar. Berdasarkan polluted. Based on the overall WQI, 17 (30.9%) stations
IKA juga, 17 (30.9%) stesen telah dikategorikan sebagai were categorised as Class I, 37 (67.3%) were Class II,
kelas I dan 37 (67.3%) adalah Kelas II, manakala satu (1) (1.8%) while one (1) (1.8%) was Class III. Table 2.5 shows the
adalah Kelas III. Jadual 2.5 menunjukkan status kualiti air water quality of the selected water intake stations based
di stesen hulu muka sauk terpilih berdasarkan IKA. on WQI.
Jadual 2.5 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2020

Table 2.5 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intake, 2020
STESEN STATION 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / SUNGAI / ID LAMA / ID BARU / MUKA SAUK /
SUNGAI / IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS / IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS /
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE
STATION STATION
2PS 13 1RPLS010 Loji Rawatan Air Arau Fasa IV 84 B/C II 88 B/C II

Perlis Sg. Perlis Sg. Terusan Mada
2PS 14 1RPLS011 Loji Rawatan Air TTPC, Sg. Baru 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Ulu Sg. Melaka 2LG05 1KMLK003 Ulu Melaka 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Saga 2LG06 1KMLK004 Padang Saga 76 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Ahning 2KD11 1KKDH011 Padang Sanai 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Kedah Sg. Padang Terap 2KD12 1KKDH012 Kuala Nerang 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Temin 2KD10 1KKDH010 Changloon 77 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Kedah 2MD16 1KMUD014 Jeneri 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
2MD17 1KMUD015 Jeniang 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Muda 2MD18 1KMUD016 Bukit Selambau 86 B/C II 85 B/C II

Sg. Muda
2MD20 1KMUD018 Pinang Tunggal 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
2MD21 1KMUD019 Nami 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 1KMUD017 Bikan 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
P. Pinang Sg. Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 1PPNG020 Batu Feringgi 93 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 1ABNM015 Loji Rawatan Air Ulu Slim 87 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Bernam
Perak Sg. Trolak 1BM14 1ABNM014 Loji Rawatan Air Trolak Timur 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 1AKRU007 Loji Rawatan Air Jelai 92 B/C II 95 B/C I
Jadual 2.5 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2020

Table 2.5 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intake, 2020
STESEN STATION 2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / SUNGAI / ID LAMA / ID BARU / MUKA SAUK /
SUNGAI / IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS / IKA / KATEGORI / KELAS /
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE
STATION STATION
Sg. Manong 2PK62 1APRK060 Loji Rawatan Air Manong 95 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Perak 2PK61 1APRK059 Loji Rawatan Air Sauk 92 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Perak
Perak Sg. Tesong 2PK64 1APRK062 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Klah 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Woh 2PK63 1APRK061 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Woh 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Batu Tegoh 2SP18 1ASPT016 Loji Rawatan Air Bukit Larut 95 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 2BKLG020 Loji Rawatan Air Gombak 90 B/C II 93 B/C I
Selangor Sg. Batang Labu 1L26 2BLGT028 Loji Rawatan Air Salak Tinggi 72 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Langat
Sg. Semenyih 1L09 2BLGT010 Loji Rawatan Air Semenyih 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Semberong Dam 3BP27 3JBPT021 Semberong Dam 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Benut Sg. Machap Dam 3BN10 3JBNT008 Machap Dam 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Jalan Felda Kahang Timur,
Sg. Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 3JEND026 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Kluang
Johor Sg. Jelai 1MN23 3NMUA054 Loji Rawatan Air Dangi 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Muar Sg. Jementah 3MR39 3JMUA040 Loji Rawatan Air Jementah 91 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Muar 3MR38 3JMUA039 Loji Rawatan Air Gombang 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3PU04 3JPLI004 Pulai Dam 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Muka sauk Loji Rawatan Air
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chin-Chin 1KA08 3MKSG008 80 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Chin-chin
Sg. Bertam 2CH15 4CBTM013 Loji Rawatan Air Habu 94 B/C I 97 B/C I
Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 4CPHG086 94 B/C I 94 B/C I
Gapoi
4PH96 4CPHG087 Loji Air Sg Jerik 89 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Jempol
Pahang Sg. Pahang 4PH97 4CPHG088 Loji Air Jengka 3 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 4CPHG089 Loji Air Chini 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Terla 2CH14 4CBTM012 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Terla 88 B/C II 95 B/C I
Sg. Triang 4PH93 4CPHG074 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Triang 86 B/C II 88 B/C II

Sg. Ulong 2CH16 4CBTM014 Brinchang Dam 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg.
Terengganu Sg. Terengganu 4TE14 4TTGG013 Loji Air Serada 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Terengganu
Sg. Golok Sg. Golok 4GL10 4DGLK003 Syarikat Air Kelantan 90 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Chiku 4KE66 4DKLT043 Felda Ciku 2 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Kelantan Sg.
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 4DKLT045 Loji Air Kelar, Pasir Mas 78 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Kelantan
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 4DKLT044 Loji Air Pahi 88 B/C II 86 B/C II
Water Intake Jabatan Air
Sg. Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 5SPDS011 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Beaufort
Sabah Sekolah Kebangsaan
75PP04 5SPPR004 92 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Papar Sg. Papar Mandalipau
75PP05 5SPPR005 Water Intake Kogopon 93 B/C I 92 B/C II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 6QKRN017 Selalang Water Intake 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 6QMKH005 Mukah Water Intake 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Daro 56DR01 6QRJG021 Daro Water Intake 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sarawak
Sg. Jemoreng 56JG01 6QRJG022 Jemoreng Water Intake 78 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 6QRJG020 Pakan Water Intake 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 6QRJG023 Igan Water Intake 81 B/C II 62 ST/SP III
Dari segi sub-indeks BOD, 53 (96.4%) stesen telah In terms of BOD sub-index, 53 (96.4%) stations showed
menunjukkan kualiti air pada Kelas II dan dua (2) (3.6%) stesen Class II water quality and two (2) (3.6%) stations as Class
Kelas III. Berdasarkan sub-indeks AN, sebanyak 38 (69.1%) III. In terms of AN sub-index, 38 (69.1%) stations showed
stesen menunjukkan kualiti air pada Kelas I, 15 (27.3%) Kelas water quality of Class I, 15 (27.3%) as Class II, and two (2)
II, dan dua (2) (3.6%) stesen Kelas III. Dari segi sub-indeks SS, 32 (3.6%) as Class III. Meanwhile in terms of SS, 32 (58.2%)
(58.2%) stesen telah dikategorikan sebagai Kelas I, 14 (25.5%) stations were categorised as Class I, 14 (25.5%) as Class II,
stesen Kelas II, tujuh (7) (12.7%) stesen Kelas III, satu (1) (1.8%) seven (7) (12.7%) as Class III, one (1) (1.8%) as Class IV, and
stesen Kelas IV manakala satu (1) (1.8%) stesen Kelas V. one (1) (1.8%) station as Class V.
Jadual 2.6, Jadual 2.7 dan Jadual 2.8 menunjukkan Tables 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 show the water quality at upstream
kualiti air sungai di stesen di hulu muka sauk masing- stations of water intake points based on BOD, AN and SS
masing berdasarkan sub-indeks BOD, AN dan SS. Rajah sub-indexes respectively. Figure 2.5 shows the percentage
2.5 menunjukkan peratusan stesen hulu muka sauk of water quality of upstream water intake stations in terms
berdasarkan kelas kualiti air dan parameter utama. of classes based on main parameters.
Jadual 2.6 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD, 2020
Table 2.6 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on BOD Sub-Index, 2020
2019 2020
STESEN ID STATION SUB- SUB-
LEMBANGAN
NEGERI / SUNGAI / LAMA / ID BARU / MUKA SAUK / INDEKS INDEKS
SUNGAI / KATEGORI / KELAS / KATEGORI / KELAS /
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE BOD / BOD /
RIVER BASIN CATEGORY CLASS CATEGORY CLASS
STATION STATION BOD SUB- BOD SUB-
INDEX INDEX
2PS 13 1RPLS010 Loji Rawatan Air Arau Fasa IV 81 ST/SP III 90 ST/SP II
2PS 14 1RPLS011 Loji Rawatan Air TTPC, Sg. Baru 83 ST/SP III 88 ST/SP II
Sg. Ulu Sg. Melaka 2LG05 1KMLK003 Ulu Melaka 76 T/P IV 92 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Saga 2LG06 1KMLK004 Padang Saga 75 T/P IV 92 B/C II
Sg. Ahning 2KD11 1KKDH011 Padang Sanai 83 ST/SP III 92 B/C II

Sg. Kedah Sg. Padang Terap 2KD12 1KKDH012 Kuala Nerang 81 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
Sg. Temin 2KD10 1KKDH010 Changloon 79 T/P III 88 ST/SP II
Kedah 2MD16 1KMUD014 Jeneri 86 ST/SP III 94 B/C II
2MD17 1KMUD015 Jeniang 83 ST/SP III 90 ST/SP II
Sg. Muda 2MD18 1KMUD016 Bukit Selambau 83 ST/SP III 88 ST/SP II

Sg. Muda
2MD20 1KMUD018 Pinang Tunggal 83 ST/SP III 90 ST/SP II
2MD21 1KMUD019 Nami 78 T/P III 88 ST/SP II
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 1KMUD017 Bikan 86 ST/SP III 88 ST/SP II
P. Pinang Sg. Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 1PPNG020 Batu Feringgi 88 ST/SP II 94 B/C II
Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 1ABNM015 Loji Rawatan Air Ulu Slim 83 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
Sg. Bernam
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 1ABNM014 Loji Rawatan Air Trolak Timur 83 ST/SP III 90 ST/SP II
Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 1AKRU007 Loji Rawatan Air Jelai 81 ST/SP III 90 ST/SP II
Sg. Manong 2PK62 1APRK060 Loji Rawatan Air Manong 90 ST/SP II 96 B/C II
Perak
Sg. Perak 2PK61 1APRK059 Loji Rawatan Air Sauk 83 ST/SP III 96 B/C II
Sg. Perak
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 1APRK062 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Klah 90 ST/SP II 96 B/C II
Sg. I 2PK63 1APRK061 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala I 88 ST/SP II 96 B/C II
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Batu Tegoh 2SP18 1ASPT016 Loji Rawatan Air Bukit Larut 90 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Jadual 2.6 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD, 2020
Table 2.6 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on BOD Sub-Index, 2020
2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE BOD / BOD /
STATION STATION BOD SUB- BOD SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 2BKLG020 Loji Rawatan Air Gombak 83 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
Selangor Sg. Batang Labu 1L26 2BLGT028 Loji Rawatan Air Salak Tinggi 79 T/P III 90 ST/SP II
Sg. Langat
Sg. Semenyih 1L09 2BLGT010 Loji Rawatan Air Semenyih 79 T/P III 92 B/C II
Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Semberong Dam 3BP27 3JBPT021 Semberong Dam 81 ST/SP III 83 ST/SP III
Sg. Benut Sg. Machap Dam 3BN10 3JBNT008 Machap Dam 83 ST/SP III 88 ST/SP II
Sg. Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 3JEND026 78 T/P III 92 B/C II
Kluang
Johor Sg. Jelai 1MN23 3NMUA054 Loji Rawatan Air Dangi 79 T/P III 86 ST/SP III
Sg. Muar Sg. Jementah 3MR39 3JMUA040 Loji Rawatan Air Jementah 88 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Sg. Muar 3MR38 3JMUA039 Loji Rawatan Air Gombang 88 ST/SP II 88 ST/SP II
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3PU04 3JPLI004 Pulai Dam 81 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chin-Chin 1KA08 3MKSG008 75 T/P IV 90 ST/SP II
Chin-chin
Sg. Bertam 2CH15 4CBTM013 Loji Rawatan Air Habu 88 ST/SP II 96 B/C II
Muka sauk Loji Rawatan
Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 4CPHG086 88 ST/SP II 94 B/C II
Air Gapoi
4PH96 4CPHG087 Loji Air Sg Jerik 81 ST/SP III 92 B/C II

Sg. Jempol
Pahang Sg. Pahang 4PH97 4CPHG088 Loji Air Jengka 3 88 ST/SP II 94 B/C II
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 4CPHG089 Loji Air Chini 86 ST/SP III 92 B/C II
Sg. Terla 2CH14 4CBTM012 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Terla 86 ST/SP III 96 B/C II
Sg. Triang 4PH93 4CPHG074 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Triang 86 ST/SP III 96 B/C II
Sg. Ulong 2CH16 4CBTM014 Brinchang Dam 88 ST/SP II 96 B/C II

Sg.
Terengganu Sg. Terengganu 4TE14 4TTGG013 Loji Air Serada 88 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Terengganu
Sg. Golok Sg. Golok 4GL10 4DGLK003 Syarikat Air Kelantan 79 T/P III 96 B/C II
Sg. Chiku 4KE66 4DKLT043 Felda Ciku 2 76 T/P IV 92 B/C II

Kelantan Sg.
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 4DKLT045 Loji Air Kelar, Pasir Mas 81 ST/SP III 96 B/C II
Kelantan
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 4DKLT044 Loji Air Pahi 83 ST/SP III 94 B/C II
Sg. Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 5SPDS011 96 B/C II 94 B/C II
Beaufort
75PP04 5SPPR004 96 B/C II 96 B/C II
75PP05 5SPPR005 Water Intake Kogopon 96 B/C II 96 B/C II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 6QKRN017 Selalang Water Intake 96 B/C II 96 B/C II
Sg. Daro 56DR01 6QRJG021 Daro Water Intake 94 B/C II 96 B/C II

Sarawak
Sg. Jemoreng 56JG01 6QRJG022 Jemoreng Water Intake 94 B/C II 96 B/C II
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 6QRJG020 Pakan Water Intake 96 B/C II 96 B/C II
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 6QRJG023 Igan Water Intake 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Jadual 2.7 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN, 2020
Table 2.7 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on AN Sub-Index, 2020
2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE AN / AN /
STATION STATION AN SUB- AN SUB-
INDEX INDEX
2PS 13 1RPLS010 Loji Rawatan Air Arau Fasa IV 95 B/C I 93 B/C I
2PS 14 1RPLS011 Loji Rawatan Air TTPC, Sg. Baru 91 ST/SP I 94 B/C I
Sg. Ulu Sg. Melaka 2LG05 1KMLK003 Ulu Melaka 93 B/C I 94 B/C I
Melaka Sg. Saga 2LG06 1KMLK004 Padang Saga 82 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Ahning 2KD11 1KKDH011 Padang Sanai 99 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Kedah Sg. Padang Terap 2KD12 1KKDH012 Kuala Nerang 96 B/C I 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Temin 2KD10 1KKDH010 Changloon 80 ST/SP II 74 ST/SP II
Kedah 2MD16 1KMUD014 Jeneri 94 B/C I 99 B/C I
2MD17 1KMUD015 Jeniang 93 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Muda 2MD18 1KMUD016 Bukit Selambau 92 B/C I 97 B/C I

Sg. Muda
2MD20 1KMUD018 Pinang Tunggal 87 ST/SP II 86 ST/SP II
2MD21 1KMUD019 Nami 96 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 1KMUD017 Bikan 95 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 1ABNM015 Loji Rawatan Air Ulu Slim 96 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Bernam
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 1ABNM014 Loji Rawatan Air Trolak Timur 99 B/C I 97 B/C I
Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 1AKRU007 Loji Rawatan Air Jelai 99 B/C I 99 B/C I
Perak
Sg. Perak 2PK61 1APRK059 Loji Rawatan Air Sauk 98 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Perak
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 1APRK062 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Klah 98 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. I 2PK63 1APRK061 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala I 99 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 2BKLG020 Loji Rawatan Air Gombak 97 B/C I 99 B/C I
Selangor Sg. Batang Labu 1L26 2BLGT028 Loji Rawatan Air Salak Tinggi 38 T/P IV 58 T/P III
Sg. Langat
Sg. Semenyih 1L09 2BLGT010 Loji Rawatan Air Semenyih 60 T/P III 66 T/P III
Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Semberong Dam 3BP27 3JBPT021 Semberong Dam 96 B/C I 98 B/C I
Sg. Benut Sg. Machap Dam 3BN10 3JBNT008 Machap Dam 72 ST/SP II 96 B/C I
Sg. Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 3JEND026 87 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
Kluang
Johor Sg. Jelai 1MN23 3NMUA054 Loji Rawatan Air Dangi 97 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Muar Sg. Jementah 3MR39 3JMUA040 Loji Rawatan Air Jementah 93 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Muar 3MR38 3JMUA039 Loji Rawatan Air Gombang 91 ST/SP I 82 ST/SP II
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3PU04 3JPLI004 Pulai Dam 79 ST/SP II 98 B/C I

Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chin-Chin 1KA08 3MKSG008 97 B/C I 80 ST/SP II
Chin-chin
Pahang Sg. Pahang Muka sauk Loji Rawatan
Air Gapoi
Jadual 2.7 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN, 2020
Table 2.7 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on AN Sub-Index, 2020
2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE AN / AN /
STATION STATION AN SUB- AN SUB-
INDEX INDEX
4PH96 4CPHG087 Loji Air Sg Jerik 93 B/C I 97 B/C I

Sg. Jempol
4PH97 4CPHG088 Loji Air Jengka 3 92 B/C I 90 ST/SP II
Pahang Sg. Pahang Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 4CPHG089 Loji Air Chini 91 ST/SP I 92 B/C I
Sg. Terla 2CH14 4CBTM012 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Terla 94 B/C I 99 B/C I
Sg. Triang 4PH93 4CPHG074 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Triang 96 B/C I 98 B/C I

Sg.
Terengganu Sg. Terengganu 4TE14 4TTGG013 Loji Air Serada 89 ST/SP II 90 ST/SP II
Terengganu
Sg. Golok Sg. Golok 4GL10 4DGLK003 Syarikat Air Kelantan 93 B/C I 97 B/C I
Sg. Chiku 4KE66 4DKLT043 Felda Ciku 2 93 B/C I 98 B/C I

Kelantan Sg.
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 4DKLT045 Loji Air Kelar, Pasir Mas 91 ST/SP I 92 B/C I
Kelantan
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 4DKLT044 Loji Air Pahi 97 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 5SPDS011 86 ST/SP II 93 B/C I
Beaufort
75PP04 5SPPR004 88 ST/SP II 94 B/C I
75PP05 5SPPR005 Water Intake Kogopon 92 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 6QKRN017 Selalang Water Intake 67 T/P III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 6QMKH005 Mukah Water Intake 74 ST/SP II 83 ST/SP II
Sg. Daro 56DR01 6QRJG021 Daro Water Intake 66 T/P III 85 ST/SP II
Sarawak
Sg. Jemoreng 56JG01 6QRJG022 Jemoreng Water Intake 69 T/P II 84 ST/SP II
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 6QRJG020 Pakan Water Intake 74 ST/SP II 84 ST/SP II

Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 6QRJG023 Igan Water Intake 77 ST/SP II 72 ST/SP II
Jadual 2.8 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks SS, 2020
Table 2.8 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on SS Sub-Index, 2020
2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
STATE RIVER OLD ID NEW ID WATER INTAKE SS / SS /
STATION STATION SS SUB- SS SUB-
INDEX INDEX
2PS 13 1RPLS010 Loji Rawatan Air Arau Fasa IV 70 ST/SP III 83 B/C II
2PS 14 1RPLS011 Loji Rawatan Air TTPC, Sg. Baru 78 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Ulu Sg. Melaka 2LG05 1KMLK003 Ulu Melaka 71 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP II
Melaka Sg. Saga 2LG06 1KMLK004 Padang Saga 79 B/C II 87 B/C I
Kedah Sg. Ahning 2KD11 1KKDH011 Padang Sanai 75 ST/SP II 80 B/C II
Sg. Kedah Sg. Padang Terap 2KD12 1KKDH012 Kuala Nerang 93 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Temin 2KD10 1KKDH010 Changloon 68 T/P III 78 B/C II

2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
INDEX INDEX
2MD16 1KMUD014 Jeneri 72 ST/SP II 77 B/C II
2MD17 1KMUD015 Jeniang 68 T/P III 76 B/C II
Sg. Muda 2MD18 1KMUD016 Bukit Selambau 63 T/P III 56 T/P III
Kedah Sg. Muda
2MD20 1KMUD018 Pinang Tunggal 78 B/C II 75 ST/SP II
2MD21 1KMUD019 Nami 75 ST/SP II 78 B/C II
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 1KMUD017 Bikan 60 T/P III 76 B/C II
Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 1ABNM015 Loji Rawatan Air Ulu Slim 77 B/C II 80 B/C II
Sg. Bernam
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 1ABNM014 Loji Rawatan Air Trolak Timur 89 B/C I 89 B/C I
Sg. Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 1AKRU007 Loji Rawatan Air Jelai 90 B/C I 95 B/C I
Perak
Sg. Perak 2PK61 1APRK059 Loji Rawatan Air Sauk 93 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Perak
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 1APRK062 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Klah 94 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. I 2PK63 1APRK061 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala I 95 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 2BKLG020 Loji Rawatan Air Gombak 93 B/C I 92 B/C I
Selangor Sg. Batang Labu 1L26 2BLGT028 Loji Rawatan Air Salak Tinggi 64 T/P III 65 T/P III
Sg. Langat
Sg. Semenyih 1L09 2BLGT010 Loji Rawatan Air Semenyih 53 T/P IV 66 T/P III
Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Semberong Dam 3BP27 3JBPT021 Semberong Dam 84 B/C II 92 B/C I
Sg. Benut Sg. Machap Dam 3BN10 3JBNT008 Machap Dam 90 B/C I 92 B/C I

Sg. Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 3JEND026 91 B/C I 91 B/C I
Kluang
Johor Sg. Jelai 1MN23 3NMUA054 Loji Rawatan Air Dangi 80 B/C II 72 ST/SP II
Sg. Muar Sg. Jementah 3MR39 3JMUA040 Loji Rawatan Air Jementah 93 B/C I 92 B/C I
Sg. Muar 3MR38 3JMUA039 Loji Rawatan Air Gombang 79 B/C II 88 B/C I
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3PU04 3JPLI004 Pulai Dam 93 B/C I 96 B/C I
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chin-Chin 1KA08 3MKSG008 57 T/P III 59 T/P III
Chin-chin
Muka sauk Loji Rawatan
Air Gapoi
4PH96 4CPHG087 Loji Air Sg Jerik 87 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Jempol
4PH97 4CPHG088 Loji Air Jengka 3 80 B/C II 82 B/C II
Pahang Sg. Pahang
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 4CPHG089 Loji Air Chini 84 B/C II 67 T/P III
Sg. Terla 2CH14 4CBTM012 Loji Rawatan Air Kuala Terla 94 B/C I 92 B/C I
Sg. Triang 4PH93 4CPHG074 Loji Rawatan Air Sg. Triang 57 T/P III 55 T/P III
Sg.
Terengganu Sg. Terengganu 4TE14 4TTGG013 Loji Air Serada 87 B/C I 93 B/C I
Terengganu
2019 2020
LEMBANGAN
INDEX INDEX
Sg. Golok Sg. Golok 4GL10 4DGLK003 Syarikat Air Kelantan 96 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Chiku 4KE66 4DKLT043 Felda Ciku 2 90 B/C I 86 B/C I

Kelantan
Sg.
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 4DKLT045 Loji Air Kelar, Pasir Mas 38 T/P V 33 T/P V
Kelantan
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 4DKLT044 Loji Air Pahi 71 ST/SP III 61 T/P III

Sg. Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 5SPDS011 52 T/P IV 44 T/P IV
Beaufort

75PP04 5SPPR004 91 B/C I 92 B/C I
Mandalipau
Sg. Papar Sg. Papar
75PP05 5SPPR005 Water Intake Kogopon 91 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sg. Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 6QKRN017 Selalang Water Intake 94 B/C I 95 B/C I
Sg. Daro 56DR01 6QRJG021 Daro Water Intake 92 B/C I 93 B/C I

Sarawak
Sg. Jemoreng 56JG01 6QRJG022 Jemoreng Water Intake 91 B/C I 89 B/C I
Sg. Rajang
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 6QRJG020 Pakan Water Intake 85 B/C I 86 B/C I
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 6QRJG023 Igan Water Intake 91 B/C I 87 B/C I
55 1 2 2 1 100%
1

50 7 90%
Bilangan Stesen / Number of Stations
45 15 80%
40
14 70%
Peratus/ Percentage
35 37
60%
30
50%
25
38 40%
20 53
15 32 30%
10 17 20%
5 10%
0 0
IKA BOD AN SS
Parameter
Kelas I / Class I Kelas II / Class II Kelas III / Class III Kelas IV / Class IV Kelas V / Class V
Rajah 2.5 : Kualiti Air Sungai di Stesen Hulu Muka Sauk, 2020
Figure 2.5 : River Water Quality at Upstream Water Intake Stations, 2020
STATUS PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR SUNGAI STATUS OF CONTINUOUS / AUTOMATIC RIVER WATER
AUTOMATIK QUALITY MONITORING (CRWQM)
Rajah 2.6 menunjukkan lokasi 29 stesen pengawasan Figure 2.6 shows the location of the 29 continuous river
sungai automatik serta takat pengambilan air yang monitoring stations and subsequent water intakes as
disenaraikan seperti dalam Jadual 2.9. listed in Table 2.9.
Pada tahun 2020, 29 stesen pengawasan sungai automatik In 2020, 29 continuous river monitoring stations were
telah diukur menggunakan peratusan pematuhan kepada measured using percentage of compliance to Class II. The
kelas II. Parameter yang diukur adalah pH, oksigen terlarut, measured parameter is pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical
keperluan oksigen biokimia dan kimia, ammoniakal oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal
nitrogen dan jumlah pepejal terampai, Pematuhan ini nitrogen and total suspended solids. This compliance is
ditunjukkan seperti pada Rajah 2.7. shown in Figure 2.7.
Oksigen terlarut (DO) adalah salah satu penunjuk kepada Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the indicators of BOD
kehadiran BOD yang disebabkan oleh bahan pencemar presence caused by organic pollutants. Low range
organik. Julat pematuhan DO yang rendah didapati compliance of DO were observed at stations CR01K,
bagi stesen CR01K, CR04P, CR08B, CR12W, CR13N, CR19J CR04P, CR08B, CR12W, CR13N, CR19J and CR21J.
dan CR21J.
Ammonium adalah satu bentuk ammonia yang telah Ammonium is an ionized form of ammonia. The
terion. Pengukuran ammonium memberi petunjuk measurement of ammonium indicates the potential
kepada potensi kehadiran pencemar ammonia atau presence of ammonia or ammoniacal nitrogen pollutants
ammonia nitrogen dalam air sungai apabila pH dan in rivers with the occurrence of pH level and temperature
suhu air berubah. Julat pematuhan yang rendah bagi changes in these waters. Low range compliance of
ammonia nitrogen yang rendah didapati di stesen ammoniacal nitrogen were observed at stations CR04P,
CR04P, CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR11B, CR12W, CR13N, CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR11B, CR12W, CR13N, CR16M
CR16M dan CR21J. and CR21J.
pH adalah ukuran bagi keasidan dan kealkalian pH is a measurement of acidity and alkalinity based on
mengikut skala pH. Julat pematuhan yang rendah bagi the pH scale. Relatively low compliance of pH ranges
pH diperhatikan di CR24T. were observed at CR24T.
Kekeruhan digunakan sebagai penunjuk kehadiran Turbidity is used as an indicator of the presence of
pepejal terampai di dalam sungai. Bagi julat pematuhan suspended solids in a river. Low range compliance of TSS
TSS yang direkodkan adalah rendah adalah stesen were recorded at stations CR01K, CR03K, CR04P, CR06A,
CR01K, CR03K, CR04P, CR06A, CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR08B, CR09B, CR10B, CR11B, CR13N, CR14N, CR15N,
CR11B, CR13N, CR14N, CR15N, CR16M, CR17M, CR19J, CR16M, CR17M, CR19J, CR20J, CR21J, CR22C and CR26D.
CR20J, CR21J, CR22C dan CR26D.
Jadual 2.9 : CRWQMS Lokasi: ID Stesen, Sungai bagi Stesen dan Takat Pengambilan Air
Table 2.9 : CRWQMS Location: Station ID, River of the Station and Water Intake
STESEN ID / TAKAT PENGAMBILAN AIR /

NEGERI / STATE SUNGAI / RIVER
ID STATION WATER INTAKE
CR01K Terusan MADA Arau Fasa IV

Kedah CR02K Terusan MADA Bukit Jenun
CR03K Sungai Muda Kulim Hi-Tech
P. Pinang CR04P Sungai Kulim Toh Along
CR05A Sungai Bogak Parit Buntar

Perak
CR 06A Sungai Perak Sultan Idris
CR08B Sungai Langat Bukit Tampoi

CR09B Sungai Semenyih Jenderam
Selangor
CR10B Sungai Labu Labu Lanjut
CR11B Sungai Langat Cheras Batu 11
Wilayah Kuala Lumpur CR12W Sungai Klang NA
Sungai Linggi Linggi

CR13N
N. Sembilan Sungai Muar Pasir Besar
CR15N
Sungai Muar Jelai Jempol
CR16M Sungai Melaka Durian Tunggal

Melaka
CR17M Sungai Kesang Chin Chin
CR18J Sungai Segamat Segamat

CR19J Sungai Muar Panchor
Johor
CR20J Sungai Johor Semanggar

CR21J Sungai Sekudai Skudai
CR22C Sungai Pahang Lubuk Kawah

Pahang
CR23C Sungai Kuantan Semambu
CR24T Sungai Paka Bulit Bauk

Terengganu
CR25T Sungai Besut Nukit Bunga
Kelantan CR26D Sungai Kelantan Sokor
CR27S Sungai Tuaran Telibong

Sabah CR28S* Sungai Padas Beufort
CR31S* Sungai Moyog Kasigui
CR29Q Sungai Sarawak Sarawak Kiri

Sarawak
CR30Q Sungai Batang Sadong Tebekang
*CR28S telah dipindahkan ke CR31S

*CR28S was relocated to CR31S
Rajah 2.6 : Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik dan Takat Pengambilan Air
Figure 2.6 : Continuous River Water Quality Stations and Water Intakes
Rajah 2.6 : Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik Dan Takat Pengambilan Air
Figure 2.6 : Continuous River Water Quality Stations and Water Intakes
Temerloh, Pahang
Sungai Benus, Janda Baik / Benus River, Janda Baik

Rajah 2.7 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Utara)

Figure 2.7 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Northern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH UTARA / NORTHERN REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.8 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Utara)

Figure 2.8 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Northern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH UTARA / NORTHERN REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.9 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Tengah)

Figure 2.9 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Central)
CRWQM - WILAYAH TENGAH / CENTRAL REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60


Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60

Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60

Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.13 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Selatan)

Figure 2.13 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Southern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH SELATAN / SOUTHERN REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.14 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Selatan)

Figure 2.14 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Southern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH SELATAN / SOUTHERN REGION

Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.15 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Timur)

Figure 2.15 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Eastern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH TIMUR / EASTERN REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.16 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Timur)

Figure 2.16 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Eastern)
CRWQM - WILAYAH TIMUR / EASTERN REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.17 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sabah)

Figure 2.17: Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sabah)
CRWQM - WILAYAH SABAH / SABAH REGION
Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
Rajah 2.18 : Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sarawak)

Figure 2.18 : Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sarawak)
CRWQM - WILAYAH SARAWAK / SARAWAK REGION

Kilometers
0 10 20 40 60
BAB 3
CHAPTER 3
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
84 BAB 3 KUALITI AIR TANAH
KUALITI AIR TANAH /

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR TANAH GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING
Program Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah Kebangsaan The National Groundwater Water Quality Monitoring
telah dimulakan semenjak tahun 1997. Tapak stesen Programme was established in 1997. The sites were
pengawasan yang telah dipilih adalah mewakili jenis guna selected based on specific land use. The groundwater
tanah spesifik. Program pengawasan telah dijalankan monitoring was carried out on 120 groundwater
terhadap 120 buah stesen pengawasan kualiti air tanah quality monitoring stations (wells) throughout the
(telaga) di seluruh negara. Walau bagaimanapun hanya country. However, monitoring for only 114 stations were
114 stesen telah dijalankan persampelan air tanah. Ini conducted for groundwater sampling. This is because
memandangkan terdapat stesen pengawasan kualiti air there was no discharge of groundwater due to
tanah yang tiada luahan air akibat faktor pembangunan development factors and rock fractures in the
dan rekahan batuan di dalam stesen tersebut groundwater quality monitoring stations. Table 3.1
Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan taburan stesen pengawasan shows the distribution of groundwater quality
kualiti air tanah (telaga) seluruh Malaysia mengikut jenis monitoring stations (wells) in all the states by land use
kategori guna tanah. category.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 363 sampel telah dianalisa In 2020, 363 samples were analysed for volatile organic
untuk bahan kimia organik meruap (VOCs), racun compounds (VOCs), pesticides, heavy metals, anions,
perosak, logam berat, anion, bakteria (kolifom), sebatian bacteria (coliform), phenolic compounds, total hardness,
berfenol, jumlah keliatan, jumlah pepejal terlarut, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, temperature, conductivity
suhu, konduktiviti dan oksigen terlarut (DO). and dissolved oxygen (DO).
Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah (IKAT) digunakan sebagai satu The Malaysia Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) is used to
kaedah menentukan kategori dan status kualiti air tanah. determine the groundwater quality status and its category.
IKAT dibangunkan berdasarkan tujuh (7) parameter GWQI was developed based on seven (7) parameters
utama iaitu pH, besi, jumlah pepejal terlarut, nitrat, which are pH, iron, total dissolved solids, nitrate, E-Coli,
E-Coli, fenol dan sulfat. IKAT yang berskala 0 hingga 100 phenol and sulphate. GWQI with a scale quality ranging
akan menentukan kategori kualiti air tanah dari sangat from 0 to 100 will identify the quality of the groundwater
baik hingga sangat tercemar (Jadual 3.2). from excellent to very poor (Table 3.2).
PERLIS
SABAH
4 KELANTAN
6 KEDAH
16 14
6 P. PINANG 16
TERENGGANU
1
W.P. LABUAN
5 PERAK
9
PAHANG
10 SELANGOR
12
SARAWAK
4
N. SEMBILAN
MELAKA
3 JOHOR
6 7 JUMLAH / TOTAL =
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
1 120
bagi 12 jenis guna tanah/
W.P. PUTRAJAYA
for 12 types of land use
GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Jumlah Telaga Pengawasan bagi Setiap Negeri Seluruh Malaysia, 2020

Total Number of Monitoring Wells for Each State in Malaysia, 2020
CHAPTER 3
85

Jadual 3.1 : Taburan Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah di Seluruh Negeri di Malaysia mengikut Jenis Kategori Guna Tanah, 2020
Table 3.1 : Distribution of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Stations Throughout the States in Malaysia by Land Use Category, 2020
KATEGORI / BILANGAN TELAGA / BILANGAN TELAGA /
NEGERI / STATE
CATEGORY NUMBER OF WELLS NUMBER OF WELLS
Sabah 2
Terengganu 5
Pahang 1
Kawasan Pertanian /
14 Kedah 2
Agriculture
Perlis 1
Kelantan 2
Selangor 1
Sabah 1
Terengganu 2
Pahang 2
Bandar & Pinggir Bandar / Kedah 1

14
Urban & Suburban Area Perlis 2
Kelantan 2
Selangor 3
W.P. Putrajaya 1
W.P. Labuan 1
Terengganu 5
Johor 2
Kedah 1
Kelantan 2
Tapak Perindustrian / Melaka 1

22
Industrial Sites Selangor 3
Pulau Pinang 3
N. Sembilan 1
Perak 1
Pahang 1
Perlis 1
Sabah 7
Sarawak 2
Terengganu 2
Johor 2
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah /
26 Kelantan 3
Used Solid Waste Landfills
Perak 1
Kuala Lumpur 5
N. Sembilan 3
Melaka 1
Sabah 2
Padang Golf /
7 Kelantan 4
Golf Course
Kuala Lumpur 1
Terengganu 1
Luar Bandar /
5 Kelantan 3
Rural
Melaka 1
GROUNDWATER QUALITY CHAPTER 3 87
Jadual 3.1 : Taburan Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah di Seluruh Negeri di Malaysia mengikut jenis Kategori Guna Tanah, 2020
Table 3.1: Distribution of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Stations (Wells) Throughout the States in Malaysia by Land Use Category, 2020
KATEGORI / BILANGAN TELAGA / BILANGAN TELAGA /

NEGERI / STATE
CATEGORY NUMBER OF WELLS NUMBER OF WELLS
Bekas Lombong Emas / Used Mining (Gold Mines) 3 Sarawak 3

Sabah 1
Bekalan Air / Water Supply 5
Sarawak 4
Sarawak 2
Johor 3
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan /
14 Perak 3
Used Animal Burial Sites
Selangor 3
Pulau Pinang 3
Pahang 6
Akuakultur / Aquaculture 7
Terengganu 1
Tapak Pelupusan Radioaktif / Radioactive Landfills 1 Perak 1
Sabah 1
Peranginan / Resorts 2
Kedah 1
Jadual 3.2 : Klasifikasi Indek Kualiti Air Tanah

Table 3.2 : Groundwater Quality Index Classification
Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor

IKAT:
0-15 Kajian air terperinci sebelum digunakan
Investigation needed before use
Tercemar / Poor
IKAT:

16-39 Pengairan / Pertanian
Irrigation
Sederhana / Moderate
IKAT:
40-69 Penggunaan industri
Industrial use
Baik / Good
IKAT:
70-89 Berpotensi sebagai air minuman
Potential use as drinking water
Sangat Baik / Excellent

IKAT:
>90 Air berkualiti untuk semua kegunaan
High quality water for all purpose
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI KAWASAN STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
PERTANIAN AGRICULTURE
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi kawasan The GWQI trend for agriculture from 2016 to 2020 is shown
pertanian adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam in Figure 3.1. Based on Figure 3.1, the number of excellent
Rajah 3.1. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, didapati bilangan stations has increased compared to the previous year.
stesen sangat baik telah meningkat berbanding tahun The number of good categories has decreased, and the
sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen baik pula telah menurun, number of moderate stations has decreased. There are
bilangan stesen dalam kategori sederhana telah no stations under poor and very poor category for the
menurun dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya dan tiada year 2020.
stesen tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 14 stesen kawasan pertanian In 2020, a total of 14 stations under agriculture were
telah dipantau berbanding 15 pada tahun 2019. Hasil monitored compared to the previous year of 15
program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan menunjukan monitoring wells. The monitoring result indicates that
lima (5) stesen (36.0%) sangat baik, lapan (8) stesen (57.0%) five (5) stations were excellent (36.0%), eight (8) stations
baik dan satu (1) stesen (7.0%) sederhana (Jadual 3.3). were good (57.0%) and one (1) station was moderate
(7.0%) (Table 3.3).
20
18
16
14
12
10 10
9
8
8 7 7
6 5 5
4 3 3 3
2 2
2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Excellent Baik / Good Sederhana/ Moderate Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Sangat Baik / Excellent Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Rajah 3.1 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah Kawasan Pertanian

Terbaik / Excellent Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Figure 3.1 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Agriculture
Jadual 3.3 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Kawasan Pertanian
Table 3.3 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Agriculture
KLASSIFIKASI NILAI IKAT / GWQI VALUE
NEGERI / KAWASAN / NOMBOR STESEN / KATEGORI (2020) /
STESEN/ STATION
STATE AREA STATION NUMBER CATEGORY (2020)
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Pertanian / Arau, Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-5.41 80 80 77 76 75 Baik / Good

Perlis
Agriculture Arau, Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-19.80 96 95 93 87 93 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Pertanian / SK Darul Uloom
Kedah MW(7)-K2-1-6.22 59 59 55 75 74 Baik / Good
Agriculture Kepala Batas
Saujana Golf
MW(7)-S13-1-5.45 93 82 69 79 78 Baik / Good
Pertanian / Resort, Subang
Selangor
Agriculture Saujana Golf
MW(7)-S13-1-12.67 96 88 78 97 97 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Resort, Subang
Pertanian /
W. P. Putrajaya *Taman Wetland MW(7)-W210103-1-10.0 − − − 72 80 Baik / Good
Agriculture
Pertanian /
Pahang Nenasi MW(7)-C13-1-45.97 88 85 90 88 93 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Agriculture
Sek. Men. Keb.
MW(7)-D7-1-5.50 95 91 82 96 97 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Rantau Panjang
Sek. Men. Keb.
Pertanian / MW(7)-D7-1-20.23 90 92 81 86 82 Baik / Good
Kelantan Rantau Panjang
Agriculture
*Sek. Men. Keb.
Cherang Ruku, MW(7)-D510202-1-7.96 − − − 67 88 Baik / Good
Pasir Puteh
Suburban Kg.
Pertanian / MW(7)-T1-1-7.25 82 83 84 79 88 Baik / Good
Terengganu Raja, Besut
Agriculture
Kg. Raja, Besut MW(7)-T1-1-31.79 82 67 85 64 73 Baik / Good
Pertanian /
Sabah SK Inanam MW(7)-H511601-9-7.50 74 78 80 93 91 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Agriculture
Nota / Note :
* Stesen Baru / New Station
− Tiada Data / No Data :
i. Tiada Air / No Water
ii. Stesen Rosak / Damaged Station

STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI BANDAR DAN STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
PINGGIR BANDAR URBAN AND SUBURBAN
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi bandar dan GWQI trend for urban and suburban from year 2016 to
pinggir bandar adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam 2020 is shown in Figure 3.2. Based on Figure 3.2, the
Rajah 3.2. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2 didapati bilangan number of excellent stations has increased compared to
stesen sangat baik telah meningkat berbanding tahun the previous year. There are no stations under poor and
sebelumnya. Tiada stesen tercemar dan sangat tercemar very poor in 2020.
pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 13 stesen bandar dan In 2020, a total of 13 stations under urban and suburban
pinggir bandar telah dipantau sama seperti pada tahun were monitored, the same as in the previous year. The
2019. Hasil program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan monitoring results indicate that five (5) stations (38.0%)
menunjukan lima (5) stesen (38.0%) sangat baik, dan were excellent, and eight (8) stations (62.0%) were good
lapan (8) stesen (62.0%) baik (Jadual 3.4). (Table 3.4).
20
18
16
14
12
10 8 8
8 7
6 6
5 5 5
4 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.2 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar (2016-2020)
Figure 3.2 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Urban and Suburban (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Excellent Jadual

Baik 3.4 : StatusSederhana/
/ Good Indeks KualitiModerate
Air Tanah bagi Bandar dan/Pinggir
Tercemar Poor Bandar
Table 3.4 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Urban and Suburban
Terbaik / Excellent KLASSIFIKASI

Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate NILAI IKAT / GWQI VALUE / Very Poor
NEGERI / NOMBORTercemar
STESEN // Poor Sangat Tercemar KATEGORI (2020) /
STESEN / STATION KAWASAN / AREA
STATE STATION NUMBER CATEGORY (2020)
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Perlis Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar Arau , Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-5.41 80 80 77 76 75 Baik / Good
Urban and Suburban Arau , Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-19.80 96 95 93 87 93 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar SK Darul Uloom
Kedah MW(7)-K2-1-6.22 59 59 55 75 74 Baik / Good

Urban and Suburban Kepala Batas
Saujana Golf Resort,
MW(7)-S13-1-5.45 93 82 69 79 78 Baik / Good
Terbaik / Excellent Baik
Bandar dan / Good
Pinggir Bandar Subang / Moderate
Sederhana Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Selangor
Urban and Suburban Saujana Golf Resort,
MW(7)-S13-1-12.67 96 88 78 97 97 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Subang
Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar
W.P. Putrajaya *Taman Wetland MW(7)-W210103-1-10.0 − − − 72 80 Baik / Good
Urban and Suburban
Pahang Nenasi MW(7)-C13-1-45.97 88 85 90 88 93 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Urban and Suburban
Sek. Men. Keb. Rantau
Panjang
Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar Sek. Men. Keb. Rantau
Kelantan MW(7)-D7-1-20.23 90 92 81 86 82 Baik / Good
Urban and Suburban Panjang
*Sek. Men. Keb. Cherang
MW(7)-D510202-1-7.96 − − − 67 88 Baik / Good
Ruku, Pasir Puteh
Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar Kg. Raja, Besut MW(7)-T1-1-7.25 82 83 84 79 88 Baik / Good
Terengganu
Urban and Suburban Kg. Raja, Besut MW(7)-T1-1-31.79 82 67 85 64 73 Baik / Good
Sabah SK Inanam MW(7)-H511601-9-7.50 74 78 80 93 91 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Urban and Suburban
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI TAPAK STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
PERINDUSTRIAN INDUSTRIAL SITES
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi tapak GWQI trend for industrial sites from year 2016 to 2020 is
perindustrian adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam shown in Figure 3.3. Based on Figure 3.3, the number of
Rajah 3.3. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3 didapati bilangan excellent stations has increased. The number of stations
stesen sangat baik meningkat. Bilangan stesen baik dan categorised as good and moderate has decreased. No
sederhana telah berkurang. Tiada stesen dalam kategori station was categorised as poor and very poor in 2020.
tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 21 stesen tapak perindustrian In 2020, a total of 21 stations for industrial sites were
telah dipantau sama seperti tahun 2019. Hasil program monitored, the same as the previous year. The monitoring
pengawasan yang telah dijalankan menunjukan empat results indicate that four 4 stations (19.1%) were excellent,
(4) stesen (19.1%) sangat baik, 12 stesen (57.1%) baik dan 12 stations (57.1%) were good and 5 stations (23.5%)
lima (5) stesen (23.5%) sederhana (Jadual 3.5). were moderate (Table 3.5).
20
18
16
14 14 14 14
12 12 12
10
8

6 6
5
4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.3 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Tapak Perindustrian (2016-2020)
Figure 3.3 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Industrial Sites (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Tahun / Year
Jadual 3.5 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Tapak Perindustrian
Table 3.5 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Industrial Sites
NEGERI / NOMBOR STESEN / KATEGORI (2020) /
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tapak Perindustrian /
Perlis
Industrial Sites
*Felda Chuping MW(7)-R610006-2-6.55 − − − 71 90 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Kedah Kulim Hi-Tech MW(7)-K3-1-8.45 65 68 70 82 72 Baik / Good
Industrial Sites
Mak Mandin (MAGRI) MW(7)-P1-2-4.50 76 86 76 69 78 Baik / Good
Pulau Tapak Perindustrian /

Mak Mandin (KASTAM) MW(7)-P1-1-6.50 76 91 77 74 79 Baik / Good
Pinang Industrial Sites
Bayan Lepas MW(7)-P2-1-4.34 91 89 87 78 98 Sangat Baik / Excellent
SK Seksy. 20, Shah Alam MW(7)-S9A-1-8.20 82 74 67 82 73 Baik / Good
Tapak Perindustrian / CIAST, Seksy. 19,

Selangor MW(7)-S9-1-20.21 81 77 67 81 81 Baik / Good
Industrial Sites Shah Alam
CIAST, Seksy. 19, Shah
MW(7)-S9-1-5.97 77 72 66 54 78 Baik / Good
Alam
N. Sembilan Senawang Edible Oil MW(7)-N4-1-6.44 72 71 71 81 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Industrial Sites
Tapak Perindustrian / Petronas Oil Refinery,
Melaka MW(7)-M1-1-8.10 73 75 71 64 64 Sederhana / Moderate
Industrial Sites Melaka
Tg. Puteri, Pasir Gudang MW(7)-J5-1-7.34 88 92 99 73 85 Baik / Good

Johor
Industrial Sites
Tg. Puteri, Pasir Gudang MW(7)-J5-2-7.49 77 74 72 70 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Pahang
Industrial Sites
*LYNAS, Gebeng MW(7)-C310302-1-6.50 − − − 66 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Eastern Garment MFG.

MW(7)-D6-2-51.38 82 81 70 87 71 Baik / Good
Pkln.Chepa
Kelantan
Industrial Sites Eastern Garment MFG.
MW(7)-D6-2-4.24 87 90 80 79 71 Baik / Good
Pkln.Chepa
TCOT Kerteh, Kemaman MW(7)-T15-1-5.68 99 81 82 88 97 Sangat Baik / Excellent
TCOT Kerteh, Kemaman MW(7)-T15-1-24.89 65 68 85 82 82 Baik / Good
Tapak Perindustrian / KSB Telok Kalong,

Terengganu MW(7)-T16-1-5.57 81 70 87 64 82 Baik / Good
Industrial Sites Kemaman
KSB Telok Kalong,
MW(7)-T16-1-18.76 81 66 83 61 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Kemaman
*Sk. Bari, Setiu MW(7)-T510208-1-7.97 − − − 74 78 Baik / Good
Tapak Perindustrian / Asian Supply Base W. P.

Labuan MW(7)-H511509-1-6.80 83 83 81 91 94 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Industrial Sites Labuan
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI BEKAS TAPAK STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
PELUPUSAN SAMPAH USED SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi bekas tapak The GWQI trend for used solid waste landfills from year
pelupusan sampah adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam 2016 to 2020 is shown in Figure 3.4. Based on Figure 3.4,
Rajah 3.4. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.4 didapati bilangan the number of excellent stations for 2020 has increased
stesen sangat baik telah meningkat berbanding tahun compared to the previous year. The number of stations
sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen baik juga telah meningkat under good category has increased as well, while stations
manakala bilangan stesen sederhana telah menurun in the moderate category has decreased compared to
berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Manakala, tiada stesen the previous year. No station was categorised under poor
dalam kategori tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada and very poor in 2020.
tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 26 stesen bekas tapak In 2020, a total of 26 stations for used solid waste landfills
pelupusan sampah telah dipantau sama seperti tahun were monitored, the same number as last year. The
lepas. Hasil program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan monitoring result indicates that three (3) stations (11.5%)
menunjukan tiga (3) stesen (11.5%) sangat baik, 19 stesen were excellent, 19 stations (73.1%) were good and
(73.1%) baik dan empat (4) stesen (15.4%) sederhana four (4) stations (15.4%) were moderate (Table 3.6).
(Jadual 3.6).
20 19
18 18
17
16
14 14
12
12 11
10

8 7
6 5
4 4 4 4
3
2 2
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.4 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (2016-2020)
Figure 3.4 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Solid Waste Landfills (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Tahun / Year
Jadual 3.6 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah
Table 3.6 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Solid Waste Landfills
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan

Perak Sampah / Used Solid Pusing, Batu Gajah MW(7)-A11-1-6.05 70 70 70 59 73 Baik / Good
Waste Landfills
Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.50 82 70 51 86 79 Baik / Good
Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.54 81 68 59 82 74 Baik / Good
Kuala
Sampah / Used Solid Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.57 98 72 65 93 74 Baik / Good
Lumpur
Waste Landfills
Tmn Beringin, Kepong MW(7)-S13-1-7.26 96 72 58 95 84 Baik / Good
Tmn Beringin, Kepong MW(7)-S13-2-6.10 75 64 56 87 75 Baik / Good
Kualiti Alam MW(7)-N5-1-8.00 95 82 64 84 79 Baik / Good
Kualiti Alam MW(7)-N5-1-7.55 79 70 64 64 64 Sederhana / Moderate
N. Sembilan Sampah / Used Solid
Waste Landfills *TPS Tanah Merah
(CYPARK), Port Dickson
MW(7)-N210108-2-10.03 − − − 69 70 Baik / Good

*Tapak Pelupusan
Melaka Sampah / Used Solid
Sampah, Sungai Udang
MW(7)-M210209-1-7.68 − − − 62 75 Baik / Good
Waste Landfills
Kg. Batu 4, Kota Tinggi MW(7)-J4-1-6.94 73 76 82 65 89 Baik / Good
Johor Sampah / Used Solid *Tapak Pelupusan Sisa
Waste Landfills Pepejal, Ladang CEP, MW(7)-J110302-1-7.02 − − − 64 63 Sederhana / Moderate
Simpang Renggam
Panji Landfill,
MW(7)-D6-3-13.43 90 88 83 89 82 Baik / Good
Panji Kota Bharu
Panji Landfill,
Kelantan Sampah / Used Solid MW(7)-D6-3-5.34 89 88 80 89 82 Baik / Good
Panji Kota Bharu
Waste Landfills
P. Mas Landfill,
Kg. Pusu 40, P. Mas
Kg. Kubang Badak,
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan MW(7)-T10-1-5.45 80 80 67 78 98 Sangat Baik / Excellent
K. Terengganu
Terengganu Sampah / Used Solid
Waste Landfills Kg. Kubang Badak,
MW(7)-T10-1-22.89 76 81 81 78 97 Sangat Baik / Excellent
K. Terengganu
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,

MW(7)-H511601-1-8.80 68 70 70 82 82 Baik / Good
Penampang
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
MW(7)-H511601-2-14.0 68 74 82 82 82 Baik / Good
Penampang
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
MW(7)-H511601-3-8.00 69 78 85 86 85 Baik / Good
Penampang
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
Sabah Sampah / Used Solid MW(7)-H511601-4-17.3 71 78 84 85 85 Baik / Good
Penampang
Waste Landfills
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
MW(7)-H511601-5-19.0 70 74 76 73 80 Baik / Good
Penampang
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
MW(7)-H511601-6-10.2 81 72 69 80 80 Baik / Good
Penampang
ITAC, Kg. Duvanson,
MW(7)-H511601-7-10.3 82 80 73 82 82 Baik / Good
Penampang
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Kemuyang, No. 1 MW(7)-QS-K1-11.10 48 56 58 53 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Sarawak Sampah / Used Solid
Waste Landfills Kemuyang, No. 2 MW(7)-QS-K2-10.78 68 62 51 72 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI PADANG GOLF STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
GOLF COURSES
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi padang The GWQI trend for golf course from year 2016 until
golf adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2020 is shown in Figure 3.5. Based on Figure 3.5, the
3.5. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.5, didapati bilangan stesen number of excellent stations has increased compared to
sangat baik meningkat berbanding tahun sebelumnya. the previous year. The number of stations under good
Bilangan stesen dalam kategori baik menurun berbanding category has decreased compared to the previous year.
tahun sebelumnya. Tiada stesen yang berada dalam No station was categorised under moderate, poor and
kategori sederhana, tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada very poor in 2020.
tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2015 sebanyak tujuh (7) stesen yang dipantau, In 2015 seven (7) stations were monitored, however
walau bagaimanapun bermula pada tahun 2016 hanya beginning 2016 only six (6) stations were monitored
enam (6) stesen yang dipantau memandangkan satu (1) as one (1) station in Kuala Lumpur had dried up
stesen di Kuala Lumpur telah kering (Jadual 3.7). (Table 3.7).
Hasil program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan The monitoring results indicate that two (2) stations
menunjukan dua (2) stesen (33.3%) sangat baik dan (33.3%) were excellent and four (4) stations (66.7%)
empat (4) stesen (66.7%) baik (Jadual 3.7). were good (Table 3.7).
10
9
8

6
5 5
4 4 4 4 4
3
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Excellent Rajah

Baik3.5 : Tren Indeks
/ Good Kualiti Air/ Moderate
Sederhana Tanah bagi Padang Golf (2016-2020)
Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Figure 3.5 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Golf Courses (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Jadual 3.7 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Padang Golf
Table 3.7 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Golf Courses
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Kuala Padang Golf / Royal Selangor Tiada Data /

MW(7)-S12-1-5.37 – – – – –
Lumpur Golf Courses Golf Club No Data
Kelab Golf & Desa

MW(7)-D3-1-6.90 83 84 82 89 82 Baik / Good
Pkln. Chepa
Kelab Golf & Desa

MW(7)-D3-1-6.37 88 90 71 84 71 Baik / Good
Pkln. Chepa
Padang Golf /
Kelantan
Golf Courses
Kelab Golf D’Raja
MW(7)-D6-4-31.29 82 82 65 82 82 Baik / Good
Kubang Kerian
Kelab Golf D’Raja

MW(7)-D6-4-9.05 78 89 75 85 81 Baik / Good
Kubang Kerian
Sandakan Golf Club, Sangat Baik /

MW(7)-H511801-1-8.82 93 86 79 81 96
Sandakan Excellent
Padang Golf /
Sabah
Golf Courses
Sandakan Golf Club, Sangat Baik /
MW(7)-H511801-2-8.60 93 96 96 96 95
Sandakan Excellent
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI LUAR BANDAR STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR RURAL
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi kawasan GWQI trends for rural area from year 2016 to 2020 is
luar bandar adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam shown in Figure 3.6. Based on Figure 3.6. No station
Rajah 3.6. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.6 didapati tiada stesen has been categorised as excellent since year 2015 while
sangat baik sejak tahun 2015 manakala bilangan stesen the number of stations categorised under good has
baik telah menunjukkan peningkatan berbanding tahun increased compared to the previous year. There were
sebelumnya. Tiada stesen dalam kategori tercemar dan no stations under poor and very poor in 2020.
sangat tercemar pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak lima (5) stesen kawasan luar In 2020, a total of five (5) stations under rural area were
bandar telah dipantau berbanding tiga (3) pada tahun monitored compared to only three (3) monitoring wells
2018. Hasil program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan in 2018. The monitoring results indicate that four (4)
menunjukan empat (4) stesen (80.0%) baik dan satu (1) stations (80.0%) were good and one (1) station (20.0%)
stesen (20.0%) sederhana (Jadual 3.8). was moderate (Table 3.8).
5
4.5
4 4
3.5
3 3 3
2.5
2 2 2 2
1.5
1 1 1 1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.6 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Luar Bandar (2016-2020)
Figure 3.6 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Rural (2016-2020)
Jadual 3.8 : Status IndeksTahun

Kualiti /AirYear
Tanah bagi Luar Bandar
Table 3.8 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Rural
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Sek. Keb. Jelawat
MW(7)-D11-1-6.10 88 81 81 80 79 Baik / Good

Bachok
Luar Bandar /
Kelantan
Rural
Sek. Men. Keb.
Tahun / Year
MW(7)-D11-2-5.09 82 74 65 65 81 Baik / Good
Jelawat Bachok
Luar Bandar / *Institut Alam Sekitar,
Selangor
Rural EIMAS, UKM Bangi
MW(7)-S210104-1-20.30 − − − 72 85 Baik / Good
Rajah 3.6: Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Luar Bandar (2015-2019)
Melaka
LuarFigure 3.6:*Pusat
Bandar /
Kecemerlangan
Trends of Groundwater
Buangan Terjadual, Quality Index
MW(7)-M210209-2-21.10 − for
− Rural
− (2015-2019)
49 42 Sederhana / Moderate
Rural
JAS Tabuh Naning
Luar Bandar / Kg. Padang Pak Wan,

Terengganu MW(7)-T14-1-6.99 81 80 81 80 88 Baik / Good
Rural Bkt. Payung, Marang
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI BEKAS LOMBONG STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
EMAS USED MINING (GOLD MINE)
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi bekas GWQI trend for used mining (gold mine) from year 2016
lombong emas adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam to 2020 is shown in Figure 3.7. Based on Figure 3.7, the
Rajah 3.7. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.7 didapati satu (1) stesen year 2020 had one (1) station categorised as excellent
berada dalam kategori sangat baik. Dua (2) stesen and two (2) stations as good. No station was categorised
berada dalam kategori baik. Tiada stesen dalam kategori as moderate, poor and very poor in 2020.
sederhana, tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak tiga (3) stesen bekas lombong In 2020, a total of three (3) stations for used mining (gold
emas telah dipantau. Hasil program pengawasan yang mine) were monitored. The monitoring results indicate
telah dijalankan menunjukan satu (1) stesen (33.3%) that one (1) station (33.3%) was excellent and two (2)
sangat baik dan dua (2) stesen (66.7%) baik (Jadual 3.9). stations (66.7%) were good (Table 3.9).
5
4.5
4
3.5
3 3 3 3
2.5
2 2 2
1.5
1 1 1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.7 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Lombong Emas (2016-2020)
TerbaikFigure 3.7 : Trends
/ Excellent of/ Groundwater
Baik Good Quality Index
Sederhana for Used Mining
/ Moderate (Gold
Tercemar Mine) (2016-2020)
/ Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Tahun / Year
Jadual 3.9 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Lombong Emas
Table 3.9 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Mining (Gold Mine)
NEGERI / KAWASAN / NOMBOR STESEN / KATEGORI (2020) /
STESEN/ /Excellent
Terbaik STATION Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
STATE AREA STATION NUMBER CATEGORY (2020)
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bau, No. 1 Tahun / Year 85

MW(7)-QK-B1-27.27 82 82 85 88 Baik / Good
Bekas Lombong Emas /
Sarawak Used Mining Bau, No. 2 MW(7)-QK-B2-29.50 85 85 82 84 93 Sangat Baik / Excellent
(Gold Mine)
Rajah 3.7: Tren Indeks
Bau
Kualiti MW(7)-QK-B3-29.00
Air Tanah bagi Bekas
97
Lombong
82 73
Emas
82
(2015-2019)
82 Baik / Good
Figure 3.7: Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Ex-Mining (Gold Mine) (2015-2019)
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI BEKALAN AIR STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
WATER SUPPLY
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi bekalan The GWQI trend for water supply from year 2016 to 2020 is
air adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.8. shown in Figure 3.8. Based on Figure 3.8, the number of
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.8 didapati stesen bagi kategori stations categorised as excellent same as in the previous
sangat baik sama seperti tahun sebelumnya manakala year. Stations categorised as good remain unchanged
stesen bagi kategori baik kekal sejak tahun 2018. Tiada since 2018. No station was categorised under moderate,
stesen dalam kategori sederhana, tercemar dan sangat poor and very poor in 2020.
tercemar pada tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak lima (5) stesen bekalan air In 2020, a total of five (5) stations for water supply
telah dipantau sama seperti pada tahun 2019. Hasil were monitored compared to the previous year. The
program pengawasan yang telah dijalankan menunjukan monitoring results indicate that one (1) station (20.0%)
satu (1) stesen (20.0%) sangat baik dan empat (4) stesen was excellent while four (4) stations (80.0%) were good
(80.0%) baik (Jadual 3.10). (Table 3.10).
10
9
8
7
6
5 5
4 4 4 4 4

3
2 2 2
1 1 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Excellent Rajah 3.8 : Tren

Baik / Good Indeks Kualiti
Sederhana/ Air Tanah bagiTercemar
Moderate Bekalan Air (2016-2020)
/ Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
Figure 3.8 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Water Supply (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.8: Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekalan Air (2015-2019)
Figure 3.8: Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Water Supply (2015-2019)
Jadual 3.10 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekalan Air
Table 3.10 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Water Supply
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Bekalan Air /
Sabah Kg. Tajau Laut, Kudat MW(7)-H511604-1-4.5 84 80 75 87 88 Baik / Good
Water Supply
Kabong, No. 1 MW(7)-QB-K1-6.70 81 81 79 84 70 Baik / Good
Pusat Rawatan Air. Sangat Baik /

MW(7)-QL-L1-7.53 81 72 56 92 99
JKR, No. 1, Miri Excellent
Bekalan Air / Pusat Rawatan Air. Tiada Data /

Sarawak
Water Supply JKR, No. 2, Miri
MW(7)-QL-L2-7.90 70 72 70 − − No Data
LAKU (Lambir),
MW(7)-QM-L1-30.50 68 62 59 75 83 Baik / Good
No. 1, Miri
Kg. Lusut Kiri,

MW(7)-QM-L3-28.30 62 72 82 77 87 Baik / Good
No. 3, Miri
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI BEKAS TAPAK STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
PELUPUSAN BANGKAI HAIWAN USED ANIMAL BURIAL SITES
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi bekas The GWQI trend for used animal burial sites from year
tapak pelupusan bangkai haiwan adalah seperti yang 2016 to 2020 is shown in Figure 3.9. Based on Figure
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.9. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.9 3.9, the number of stations in the excellent category,
didapati jumlah stesen dalam kategori sangat baik increased from the previous year. The number of good
meningkat dari tahun sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen baik and moderate stations decreased in this year. There were
dan sederhana menurun pada tahun ini. Tiada stesen no stations under the poor and very poor category in
dalam kategori tercemar dan sangat tercemar pada 2020.
tahun 2020.
Pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 13 stesen yang dipantau, In 2020, 13 stations were monitored (Table 3.11). The
(Jadual 3.11). Hasil program pengawasan yang telah monitoring results indicate that four (4) stations (30.8%)
dijalankan menunjukan empat (4) stesen (30.8%) sangat baik, were excellent, eight (8) stations (61.5 %) were good and
lapan (8) stesen (61.5%) baik dan satu (1) stesen (7.7%) one (1) station (7.7%) was moderate (Table 3.11)
sederhana (Jadual 3.11).
20
18
Bil Stesen / Number of Stations
16
14
12 12
11
10 9 9
8 8
6
4 4
3 3
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.9 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan (2016-2020)
Figure 3.9 : Trends of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Animal Burial Sites (2016-2020)
Jadual 3.11 : Status

Terbaik / Excellent
Indeks Kualiti
Baik / Good
Air Tanah bagi Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan Bangkai
Tercemar / Poor
Haiwan
Table 3.11 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Used Animal Burial Sites
STATE STATION
TahunNUMBER
/ Year CATEGORY (2020)
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Terbaik / Excellent Baik / Good

Tapak Sederhana/ Moderate
Bazar Seramik Tercemar / Poor Sangat Tercemar / Very Poor
69 78 MW(7)-A(IP)-1-5.92
Baik / Good 73 70 69
Bekas Tapak Tambun
Pelupusan Bangkai Tapak Bekas Wabak Tiada Data /
Perak
Haiwan / Used JE Jalong
MW(7)-A(SS)-2-3.14 − − − − − No Data
Rajah 3.9:Burial
Animal TrenSites
Indeks Tapak
Kualiti Air Tanah
Bekas Wabak bagi Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan (2015-2019)
MW(7)-A(SS)-1-7.65 84 85 85 83 87 Baik / Good
Figure 3.9: Trends of Groundwater
JE Jalong Quality Index for Ex-Animal Burial Sites (2015-2019)

Perkampungan Ldg
MW(7)-P(LV)-1-7.45 78 73 89 96 96 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Bekas Tapak Valdor (Kelapa)
Pulau Pelupusan Bangkai Perkampungan Ldg
Pinang Haiwan / Used Valdor (Tengah)
Animal Burial Sites Perkampungan Ldg
Valdor (Jalan)
Bekas Tapak Ulu Choh (Pintu) MW(7)-JPN-1-6.90 73 74 82 62 73 Baik / Good

Pelupusan Bangkai
Johor Ulu Choh (kolam) MW(7)-JPN-2-6.10 70 74 81 70 70 Baik / Good
Haiwan / Used
Animal Burial Sites Ulu Choh (sungai) MW(7)-JPN-3-6.71 77 78 82 78 83 Baik / Good
stesen kg. sg. keroh,
Bekas Tapak MW(7)-S(SE)-1-5.67 82 72 63 59 52 Sederhana / Moderate
sepang
Pelupusan Bangkai
Selangor TNB Sepang MW(7)-S(SE)-2-6.95 94 87 71 79 96 Sangat Baik / Excellent
Haiwan / Used
Animal Burial Sites
Ladang Sepang MW(7)-S(SE)-3-5.60 84 82 78 78 87 Baik / Good
Bekas Tapak Oya Road, No. 1, Sibu MW(7)-QS-Y1-10.00 69 64 55 79 79 Baik / Good

Pelupusan Bangkai
Sarawak
Haiwan / Used
Animal Burial Sites Oya Road, No. 2, Sibu MW(7)-QS-Y2-9.17 74 72 71 78 83 Baik / Good
Nota / Note :
STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI AKUAKULTUR STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
AQUACULTURE
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi akuakultur The GWQI trend for aquaculture from year 2016 to
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.10. 2020 is shown in Figure 3.10. Based on Figure 3.10, no
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.10 didapati tiada stesen sangat station was categorised as excellent in the year 2020.
baik pada tahun 2020. Bilangan stesen baik meningkat The number of stations categorised as good increased
berbanding tahun sebelumnya manakala bilangan compared to the previous year while the number of
stesen bagi kategori sederhana menurun berbanding stations categorised as moderate decreased compared
tahun 2019. Tiada stesen dalam kategori tercemar dan to the year 2019. No station was categorised under poor
sangat tercemar pada tahun 2020. and very poor in 2020.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak tujuh (7) stesen bagi In 2020, a total of seven (7) stations for aquaculture were
akuakultur telah dipantau. Hasil program pengawasan monitored. The monitoring results indicate that four
yang telah dijalankan, empat (4) stesen (57.1%) baik, (4) stations (57.1%) were good while three (3) stations
manakala tiga (3) stesen (42.9%) sederhana (Jadual 3.12). (42.9%) were moderate (Table 3.12).
10
9
8
7
6 6 6 6
5 5
4
4
3 3
2
1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.10 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Akuakultur (2016-2020)
Terbaik / Excellent Figure/ Good
Baik 3.10 : TrendsSederhana
of Groundwater Quality Index
/ Moderate for Aquaculture
Tercemar
Tahun / Year
/ Poor (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.10: Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Akuakultur (2015-2019)
Jadual 3.12 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Akuakultur

Table 3.12 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Aquaculture
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Sederhana/
Nenasi (Agrobest) MW(7)-C16-2-10.5 81 80 81 62 61
Moderate
Nenasi (Agrobest) MW(7)-C16-3-43 79 79 80 68 74 Baik/Good

Akuakultur /
Pahang
Aquaculture
Sederhana/
Nenasi (Agrobest) MW(7)-C16-5-10 92 84 79 60 58
Moderate
Akuakultur / Sederhana/
Terengganu
Aquaculture
*Blue Archipelago MW(7)-T510208-2-14.00 − − − 66 68
Moderate
Nota / Note :

STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH BAGI PERANGINAN STATUS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX FOR
RESORTS
Tren IKAT mulai tahun 2016 hingga 2020 bagi The GWQI trend for resorts from year 2016 to 2020 is
peranginan adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam shown in Figure 3.11. Based on Figure 3.11, no station
Rajah 3.11. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.11 didapati tiada was categorised as excellent when compared to the year
stesen dikategorikan sebagai sangat baik berbanding 2019. No station was categorised under good in 2020,
tahun 2019. Tiada stesen baik yang ditunjukkan pada while one (1) station was categorised as moderate in
tahun 2020, manakala satu (1) stesen yang dikategorikan 2020. There were no stations under poor and very poor
sebagai sederhana. Tiada stesen dalam kategori tercemar since 2015.
dan sangat tercemar sejak tahun 2015.
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak satu (1) stesen bagi In 2020, one (1) station of the two (2) for resorts was
peranginan telah dipantau berbanding dua (2) pada monitored compared to two (2) for 2019. This was
tahun 2019. Hasil program pengawasan yang telah because of the Movement Control Order imposed by the
dijalankan, satu (1) stesen adalah sederhana manakala Government at that time. The monitoring result indicates
satu (1) stesen tidak dapat dijalankan persampelan kerana one (1) station (50.0%) categorised as moderate while
Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) yang dikeluarkan one (1) station could not be sampled. (Table 3.13).
oleh Kerajaan Malaysia (Jadual 3.13).
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.11 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Peranginan (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Figure 3.11 : Trend of Groundwater Quality Index for Resorts (2016-2020)
Tahun / Year
Rajah 3.13 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Peranginan

Table 3.13 : Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Resorts
CLASSIFICATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Sabah Peranginan / Resort Pulau Manukan MW(7)-H511601-8-6.50 82 83 85 93 − Tiada Data / No Data
*Kuarters Imigresen
Kedah Peranginan / Resort
Tanjung Rhu, Langkawi
MW(7)-KV 69912-1-10.10 − − − 68 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Jadual 3.14 : Standard Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional
(Air Minuman) Merujuk kepada Parameter Utama dalam Penilaian Status Kualiti Air Tanah
Table 3.14 : Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional Treatment of Raw Water
(Drinking Water) with Reference to Significant Parameters in Assessment of Groundwater Quality Status
PARAMETER SIMBOL / SYMBOL STANDARD UNIT
Kolifom / Total coliform – 5000 MPN/100 ml
Pepejal Terlarut / TDS – 1500 mg/l
Klorida / Chloride Cl 250 mg/l
Besi / Iron Fe 1.0 mg/l
Keliatan / Hardness CaCO3 500 mg/l
Mangan / Manganese Mn 0.2 mg/l
Nitrit / Nitrite NO2 0.4# mg/l

Raksa / Mercury Hg 0.001 mg/l
Kadmium / Cadmium Cd 0.003 mg/l
Arsenik / Arsenic As 0.01 mg/l
Plumbum / Lead Pb 0,05 mg/l
Kromium / Chromium Cr 0.05 mg/l
Kuprum / Copper Cu 1.0 mg/l
Zink / Zinc Zn 3.0 mg/l
Sulfat / Sulphate SO4- 250 mg/l
Selenium / Selenium Se 0.01 mg/l
Sebatian Fenol / Phenolics – 0.002 mg/l
# Diambil dari Class IIA, National Water Quality Standards

STATUS KUALITI AIR TANAH GROUNDWATER QUALITY STATUS
Penilaian terhadap kualiti air tanah adalah berdasarkan The assessment of groundwater quality was based on the
kepada nilai peratusan yang melebihi had penerimaan dalam percentage value exceeding the acceptance level of the
Standard Kebangsaan Bagi Standard Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi National Standards of Groundwater Quality Standards for
Rawatan Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman). Conventional Raw Water Treatment (Drinking Water).
Nilai peratusan tersebut adalah sebagaimana di dalam The percentage value is as shown in Table 3.15.
Jadual 3.15.
Jadual 3.15 : Peratusan Julat Nilai Pematuhan, 2020 / Table 3.15 : Percentage Range of Compliance, 2020
PERATUSAN JULAT NILAI PEMATUHAN (%) /
KATEGORI / CATEGORY
PERCENTAGE RANGE OF COMPLIANCE (%)
0% - 49% Rendah / Low
50% - 79% Sederhana / Moderate
80% - 100% Tinggi / High
Pada tahun 2020, keputusan yang diperoleh daripada In 2020, the results derived from monitoring showed
pengawasan kualiti air tanah yang dijalankan menunjukkan that all stations were within the Groundwater Quality
bahawa semua stesen berada dalam julat nilai pematuhan Standards for Conventional Raw Water Treatment
Standard Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Rawatan Air Mentah Secara (Drinking Water) values except for iron (Fe), manganese
Konvensional (Air Minuman) kecuali bagi mangan (Mn), jumlah (Mn), total coliform and phenolics which had a low range
kolifom, besi (Fe) dan sebatian fenol mempunyai peratusan of Groundwater Quality Standards for Conventional Raw
julat nilai pematuhan Standard Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Rawatan Water Treatment (Drinking Water) value as shown in
Air Mentah Secara Konvensional (Air Minuman) yang rendah Figure 3.12 and Table 3.16.
bagi guna tanah tertentu seperti Rajah 3.12 dan Jadual 3.16.
Jadual 3.17 menunjukkan nilai peratusan yang melebihi Table 3.17 shows the percentage of Groundwater Quality
Standard Kualiti Air Tanah mengikut negeri. Standards exceedance by state.
Jadual 3.16 : Peratusan Pematuhan oleh Pencemar Terpilih mengikut Guna Tanah dalam Peratusan Julat 0% - 49%, 2020
Table 3.16 : Percentage of Compliance of Selected Contaminants by Land Use in Percentage of 0% - 49%, 2020
PERATUSAN PEMATUHAN KEPADA STANDARD /
KATEGORI GUNA TANAH / CATEGORY OF LAND USE PARAMETER
PERCENTAGE OF STANDARD COMPLIANCE
Tiada / Nil Tiada / Nil 0% - 10%
Tapak Perindustrian / Industrial Sites
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah / Used Solid Waste Landfill Fe
Phenol
Bekalan Air / Water Supply 11% - 30%
Mn
Padang Golf / Golf Course T-Coliform
Bekas Lombong / Used Mining
Tapak Perindustrian / Industrial Sites
Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah / Used Solid Waste Landfill Fe
Luar Bandar / Rural Phenol
Mn 31% - 49%
Bekalan Air / Water Supply T-Coliform
Padang Golf / Golf Course
Bekas Lombong / Used Mining
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Percentage of Non - Exceeding Acceptable Value

Peratusan dalam Nilai Penerimaan Pematuhan /
20
10
0
T-
As Hg Cd Cr Cu Fe Pb Mn Zn Se CaCO3 TDS CI NO3 SO4 Coliform Phenol
Industri / Industrial 80 100 100 100 100 23 95 53 100 100 81 74 75 87 84 63 42

Tapak Pelupusan Sampah / Used Solid Waste Landfills 52 96 100 96 100 18 92 28 100 100 87 81 85 96 93 72 47
Pertanian / Agriculture 88 100 100 91 100 53 88 60 100 100 90 84 82 100 100 67 53
Bekalan Air / Water Supply 50 67 100 80 100 10 80 40 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 20 90
Bandar / Pinggir Bandar / Urban / Suburban 100 100 100 100 100 48 100 57 100 100 93 95 96 100 100 71 42
Padang Golf / Golf Course 100 100 100 100 100 17 100 50 100 100 100 92 100 100 93 90 33
Luar Bandar / Rural 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 43 100 88 100 50 100 100 60 72 39
Bekas Lombong / Used Mining 58 100 100 100 100 25 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 33 85
GROUNDWATER QUALITY
Rajah 3.12 : Peratusan Pematuhan oleh Pencemar Terpilih mengikut Guna Tanah, 2020
Figure 3.12 : Percentage of Compliance of Selected Contaminants by Land Use, 2020
CHAPTER 3
107

Jadual 3.17 : Nilai Peratusan yang Melebihi Standards Kualiti Air Tanah mengikut Negeri, 2020
Table 3.17 : Percentage Value Exceeding Groundwater Quality Standards by State, 2020
BILANGAN NILAI PERATUSAN YANG MELEBIHI GWQI(%) /
NEGERI/ STESEN / MAKLUMAT STESEN / THE PERCENTAGE OF EXCEEDANCE GWQI (%)
STATE NO. OF STATION DESCRIPTION
STATION As Fe Mn T-COLIFORM PHENOL
1) ITAC, Penampang 1 75 50 50 0 75
2) ITAC, Penampang 2 25 25 75 100 100
3) ITAC, Penampang 3 0 0 50 50 100
4) ITAC, Penampang 4 0 0 50 50 50
5) ITAC, Penampang 5 50 50 50 50 50
6) ITAC, Penampang 6 0 0 50 100 100
7) ITAC, Penampang 7 0 25 50 100 100
Sabah 14
8) Limbawang 25 75 100 100 100
9) Tawau 25 25 50 100 100
10 Kg. Tajau Laut 0 75 75 100 100
11) Sandakan Golf Club No.1 25 0 0 50 75
12) Sandakan Golf Club No.2 25 25 25 100 75
13) Inanam 0 75 75 75 75
14) Pulau Manukan - - - - -
W.P. Labuan 1 1) Asian Supply Base 0 25 75 100 100
1) Kemuyang no.1 0 75 100 75 75
2) Kemuyang no.2 0 75 100 100 100
3) Kabong 75 100 100 100 100
4) Kuala Lawas no.1 100 0 0 50 100
5) Kuala Lawas no.2 - - - - -
6) Laku 0 75 0 75 75
Sarawak 12
7) Kg. Lusut Kir 50 100 100 100 100
8) Bau no.1 100 100 100 100 100
9) Bau no.2 75 75 100 100 100
10) Bau 25 75 25 75 75
11) Oya no.1 100 100 75 75 100

12) Oya no.2 100 100 75 75 100
1) Kerteh no.1 0 0 0 75 75
2) Kerteh no.2 0 25 0 100 100
3) Telok Kalong no.1 0 100 0 75 75
4) Telok Kalong no.2 25 25 100 75 75
5) Kg. Kubang Badak no.1, K.Treg 0 0 0 75 75
6) Kg. Kubang Badak no.2, K.Treg 0 100 0 75 100
7) Kg. Merang,Setiu 0 0 0 75 75
8) Kg. Raja no.1, Besut 0 0 0 0 75
Terengganu 16
9) Kg. Raja no.2, Besut 0 100 100 75 75
10) Bukit Payung, Marang 0 0 50 100 75
11) Kg. Alor Peroi no.1 50 50 100 100 100
12) Kg. Alor Peroi no.2 25 100 100 100 100
13) Kg. Alor Peroi no.3 25 100 100 100 100
14) SK Bari, Setiu 0 0 0 75 75
15) Blue Archipelago 75 50 75 100 100
16) SK Telaga, Hulu Terengganu 0 0 0 75 100

1) Nenasi 0 50 75 100 100

2) Lepar 0 75 0 75 100
3) Agrobest no.2, Nenasi 25 0 0 100 100
Pahang 9 5) Agrobest no.4, Nenasi 0 75 75 100 100
9) Lynas 25 25 100 100 100
1) Tg. Puteri, Pasir Gudang (MUCC) 0 50 0 75 100
2) Tg. Puteri, Pasir Gudang 100 100 100 100 100
3) Kota Tinggi 25 75 100 100 100
4) Ulu Choh (Pintu) 75 75 100 100 75
Johor 7
5) Ulu Choh (Kolam) 75 75 100 100 100
6) Ulu Choh (Sungai) 100 100 100 100 100
7) Tapak Pelupusan Sisa Pepejal, Ladang CEP,
75 100 100 100 100
Lot 2075, Mukim Renggam
1) Kulim Hi-tech 0 0 0 75 100
2) Pulau Langkawi no.1 0 50 0 25 100
3) Pulau Langkawi no.2 100 0 0 25 100
Kedah 6
4) SK Darul Uloom Kepala Batas 75 100 100 100 100
5) SK Kepala Batas 0 0 0 75 100
6) Kuarters Imigresen, Tg. Rhu, Langkawi 0 0 0 75 100
1) Arau no.1 0 100 0 50 50
2) Arau no.2 0 0 50 50 50
Perlis 4
3) Rimba Mas 0 0 0 0 100

4) Felda Chuping 0 0 0 75 50
1) Eastern Garment MFG no.1 0 75 75 75 75
2) Eastern Garment MFG no.2 75 0 0 75 75
3) Panji no.1 0 50 0 75 75
4) Panji no.2 0 75 75 100 100
5) Pasir Mas 0 100 100 100 100
6) Kampong Jembal 0 50 75 75 100
7) Beris Lalang - - - - -
8) Rantau Panjang no.1 0 75 0 50 50
Kelantan 16
9) Rantau Panjang no.2 0 0 0 75 50
12) Kelab Golf & Desa no.1 0 100 25 75 75
13) Kelab Golf & Desa no.2 0 50 25 75 75
10) Kelab Golf DiRaja Kubang Kerian no.1 50 100 75 100 100
11) Kelab Golf DiRaja Kubang Kerian no.2 25 100 0 100 100
14) Bachok no.1 25 25 50 75 75
15) Bachok no.2 25 50 75 75 100
16) SMK Cherang Ruku, Pasir Puteh 0 0 0 100 100


1) Petronas Sungai Udang 100 100 100 100 100

2) Pusat Kecemerlangan Buangan Terjadual,
Melaka 3 0 75 0 100 100
Jabatan Alam Sekitar
3) Tapak Pelupusan Sampah, Sungai Udang 75 75 100 100 100
1) Tambun 100 100 100 75 100
2) Jalong no.2 - - - - -
Perak 5 3) Batu Gajah 100 100 100 75 75

4) Pusat Kecermelangan Kenderaan Bermotor,
- - - - -
JAS Gopeng, Perak
5) Jalong no.1 0 75 75 75 75
1) Jln. Sungai Besi no.1 100 67 100 100 100
Kuala Lumpur 7 4) Taman Beringin no.1 50 75 33 33 50
5) Taman Beringin no.2 75 75 33 100 100
6) Royal Selangor Golf Club - - - - -
7) Taman Wetland, W.P. Putrajaya 50 50 0 75 75
1) Sek Keb Seksyen 20, Shah Alam 0 25 0 75 75
2) CIAST no. 1, Shah Alam 0 75 67 75 75
3) CIAST no. 2, Shah Alam 0 75 75 75 75
4) Saujana Golf Resort no. 1, Subang 50 75 75 75 75
5) Saujana Golf Resort no. 2, Subang 75 75 50 75 75

Selangor 10
6) Stesen Kampung Sungai Keroh, Sepang 75 50 75 100 100
7) TNB Sepang 25 100 100 100 100
8) Ladang Sepang 0 75 75 100 100
9) Masjid Jameul Huda, Parit 7, Sekinchan 50 0 0 25 50
10) Institut Alam Sekitar (EIMAS) 0 0 0 50 50
1) Mak Mandin no. 1 75 0 75 75 75
2) Mak Mandin no. 2 100 50 50 50 75
3) Bayan Lepas 0 0 0 75 75
Pulau Pinang 6
4) Valdor (Kelapa) 0 75 75 50 75
5) Valdor (Tengah) 0 0 0 50 50
6) Valdor (Jalan) 0 0 75 75 75
1) Senawang 75 50 0 75 75
2) Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd no. 1 75 100 100 100 100

N. Sembilan 4
3) Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd no. 2 100 100 75 100 100
4) TPS Tanah Merah (Cypark) Port Dickson 100 100 100 100 100
BAB 4
CHAPTER 4
KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU

MARINE AND ISLAND MARINE WATER QUALITY
112 BAB 4 KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU
KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU /

PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR MARIN MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) telah menjalankan The Department of Environment (DOE) has been
pengawasan kualiti air marin semenjak tahun 1978 di monitoring the marine water quality since 1978 in
Semenanjung Malaysia dan 1985 di Sabah dan Sarawak. Peninsular Malaysia and since 1985 in Sabah and Sarawak.
Objektif utama program pengawasan kualiti air marin The primary objective of the monitoring programme
ini adalah untuk menilai status kualiti air marin dan is to assess the marine water quality status and
seterusnya untuk menentukan tahap pencemaran subsequently to determine the degree of pollution
daripada punca-punca di daratan dan juga laut. Punca- from both land-based as well as sea-based sources. The
punca pencemaran ini boleh menimbulkan ancaman pollution sources are threatening both the sustainability
pada kemampanan ekosistem dari segi kesihatan dan of the ecosystem health and the biodiversity of the
biodiversiti persekitaran marin. marine environment.
Stesen-stesen pengawasan yang dibangunkan di bawah Monitoring stations established under the Marine Water
Program Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin diklasifikasikan Quality Monitoring Program are classified into three (3)
kepada tiga (3) kategori seperti berikut:- groups as follows:
Stesen Muara
1 Stesen Pantai
Coastal Stations 2 Sungai
Estuary Stations
3 Stesen Pulau
Island Stations
Stesen pantai terletak di sepanjang pantai kira-kira Coastal stations are located along the coastline;
100 meter dari gigi air laut dan ia mestilah sekurang- approximately 100 meter from the water edge and it
kurangnya 500 meter dari punca yang berpotensi must be at least 500 meters away from potential point
sebagai punca pencemaran. source(s).
MARINE AND ISLAND MARINE WATER QUALITY CHAPTER 4 113
Stesen muara sungai terletak di persekitaran muara Estuary stations are located within an estuarine
sungai di mana terdapat interaksi antara air tawar dan environment where the freshwater and seawater interact.
air laut. Stesen muara sungai banyak menerima kesan The estuarine stations have been impacted by the
daripada ekosistem sungai. riverine ecosystem.
Stesen pulau pula dibahagikan kepada empat (4) kategori Island Stations are further divided into four (4) categories :
termasuk Pulau (Kawasan Dilindungi), Pulau (Taman Island (Protected Area), Island (Marine Park), Island
Laut), Pulau (Pembangunan) dan Pulau (Resort). (Development) and Island (Resorts).
• Stesen Pulau (Kawasan Dilindungi) adalah stesen • Island Stations (Protected Area) are those stations
yang dibangunkan di dalam Kawasan Perlindungan established within the Fisheries Protected Area under
Perikanan di bawah Peraturan-Peraturan Perikanan the Fisheries (Prohibited Area) Regulation, 1994.
(Kawasan Larangan) 1994.
• Island Stations (Marine Park) are those established
• Stesen Pulau (Taman Laut) adalah stesen pengawasan within the designated Marine Park area under the
yang dibangunkan di kawasan Taman Laut yang Marine Parks Malaysia Order 1994.
ditetapkan di bawah Perintah Penubuhan Taman
• Island Stations (Development) are monitoring
Laut Malaysia 1994.
stations established around islands that are at least
• Stesen Pulau (Pembangunan) adalah stesen 90 km2 with a total population of more than 20,000
pengawasan yang dibangunkan di sekitar pulau people and/or islands of economic importance.
yang sekurang-kurangnya 90 km dengan jumlah
2
• Island Stations (Resort) are those that have been
penduduk lebih daripada 20,000 orang; atau/ dan
established surrounding islands developed for
pulau-pulau yang ada kepentingan ekonomi.
tourism; with resorts and chalets developed on the
• Stesen Pulau (Resort) adalah stesen pengawasan di islands as the key economy driver for the islands.
sekitar pulau yang dibangunkan untuk pelancongan,
yang mempunyai resort dan chalet sebagai pemacu
ekonomi setempat bagi pulau tersebut.

Standard Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia (SKAMM) merupakan The Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MMWQS)
standard ambien, memberi fokus pada perlindungan are ambient standards, with a focus on the protection and
dan kelestarian ekosistem akuatik serta perkhidmatan sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem; the importance
ekosistem tersebut kepada masyarakat dan of the ecosystems for society; and to accomplish it in an
mengambilkira faktor ekonomi, praktikal dan sosial. economical, practical and socially relevant manner.
Pemakaian SKAMM adalah berdasarkan pra penentuan The application of MMWQS is based on the pre-
pengkelasan air marin mengikut kegunaan di persekitaran determination of marine water classification according
tersebut. Terdapat lima (5) kelas dikategorikan dalam to its uses in the environment. Five (5) classes are
SKAMM iaitu:- categorized in MMWQS:-
1. Kelas 1 merangkumi air di perairan yang diwartakan atau 1. Class 1 water comprises the gazetted and statutory
ada perlindungan berkanun dan perairan yang tidak protected waters; and un-gazetted areas but with
diwartakan tetapi ada ekosistem marin yang sensitif seperti the presence of sensitive ecosystem including coral
terumbu karang, rumpai laut, tapak pendaratan penyu reefs, seagrass, turtle landing sites and water specific
dan perairan yang terdapat habitat tertentu seperti habitat to habitats and feeding grounds of sensitive marine
sensitif kawasan sumber makanan organisma marin. organisms.
2. Kelas 2 merangkumi air yang ada aktiviti perikanan 2. Class 2 water encompasses both fisheries and
dan marikultur yang berdasarkan pada zon mariculture activities, based on fishing zones
penangkapan ikan yang diterbitkan oleh Jabatan established by the Department of Fisheries as a
Perikanan sebagai panduan. Perairan dalam Kelas guide. Its water comprises the conservation zone
2 terdiri daripada sebahagian zon pemuliharaan (including ‘Fisheries Prohibited Area’) right up to the
(termasuk `Kawasan Larangan Perikanan’) sehingga Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). Mariculture activities
ke Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Aktiviti marikultur are defined within the marine water bodies such as
yang ditakrifkan sebagai Kelas 2 adalah aktiviti marine cage and cockle culture; but excluding land
dalam badan air marin tersebut (seperti penternakan aquaculture activities.
sangkar dan penternakan kerang) dan tidak termasuk
aktiviti akuakultur perikanan darat.
3. Kelas 3 ialah standard untuk kualiti air marin yang 3. Class 3 is the standard for marine water which is
terdedah kepada pelepasan efluen secara langsung exposed to direct effluence from anthropogenic
daripada aktiviti antropogenik. Oleh itu, ekosistem activities. Hence, ecosystems in these areas are
di perairan ini akan mengalami banyak pencemaran. subject to some degree of degradation. The
Tahap perlindungan adalah bertujuan untuk corresponding level of protection is therefore aimed
mengekalkan kesihatan ekosistem yang masih ada dan at sustaining the health of the remaining ecosystem
memulihara kualiti air marin di kawasan yang terjejas. and to improve water quality of the affected area.
4. Kelas E (Interim) adalah standard yang banyak 4. Class E (Interim) is the standard for estuarine water
dipengaruhi oleh musim dan variasi diurnal. Selain subject to both seasonal and diurnal variation. In
itu, ciri-ciri geologi dan corak pergerakan air turut addition, the geological characteristics and water
menyumbang pada sifat dinamik di perairan ini. circulation patterns also contribute to the dynamic nature
Berdasarkan pada kepelbagaian semulajadi ini, of these waters. Based on these natural variations, the
Standard Kelas E terhasil adalah daripada ciri- standards derived from the water quality characteristic
ciri kualiti air muara sungai yang boleh mewakili of estuarine waters is deemed to represent a relatively
persekitaran yang belum terganggu. Kawasan muara undisturbed environment. These sites, which are
sungai sebegini akan dijadikan tapak rujukan untuk referred to as Reference Sites, are selected to represent
mewakili tiga jenis muara utama di Malaysia. Kelas the three major estuary types in Malaysia. Hence,
E1 dipilih untuk mewakili muara jenis dataran pantai, Class E1 is taken to be representative of coastal plain,
Kelas E2 mewakili muara jenis lagun manakala Kelas Class E2 represents the lagoon type estuary while
E3 akan mewakili muara sungai yang besar dan ada Class E3 is to be referred to when assessing estuaries
rangkaian kompleks. with large and complex distributary network.
5. Kelas R adalah standard untuk kegunaan air marin 5. Class R is the standard for recreational use of marine
bagi tujuan rekreasi. Ia merujuk pada Standard waters. It is based on the National Standard for Water
Kebangsaan Kualiti Air Rekreasi Semulajadi dan Quality for Nature-based Recreation, and Guidelines
Garispanduan bagi Pemantauan Kualiti Air Rekreasi for Monitoring for Nature-based Recreation (Marine
Semulajadi (Air Marin & Air Tawar) yang diterbitkan and Freshwater) by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia.
IKAMM adalah pengagregatan parameter kualiti air MMWQI is an aggregation of the most relevant marine water
marin yang paling relevan bertujuan untuk menyediakan quality parameters aimed at providing information pertinent
maklumat yang berkaitan dengan status kualiti air marin to the marine water quality status of a water body. The index
bagi badan air. Indeks ini berdasarkan pada enam (6) is derived based on six (6) water quality parameters, which
parameter kualiti air iaitu oksigen terlarut, faecal coliform, are dissolved oxygen, faecal coliform, unionized ammonia,
ammonia, nitrat, fosfat dan jumlah pepejal terampai. nitrate, phosphate and total suspended solid.
Pengagregatan IKAMM adalah dalam julat daripada 0 The MMWQI aggregation is scaled from 0 to 100 where
hingga 100, dengan 0 menunjukkan kualiti air sebagai 0 indicates poor water quality while 100 indicates
tercemar manakala 100 menunjukkan kualiti air sebagai excellent water quality (Table 4.1).
terbaik (Jadual 4.1).
Sebanyak 188 stesen pantai, 85 stesen muara sungai A total of 188 coastal stations, 85 estuary stations and
dan 95 stesen pulau telah dipantau pada tahun 2020. 95 island stations were monitored in the year of 2020.
Terdapat enam (6) frekuensi persampelan bagi setiap There were six (6) sampling frequencies in total for each
stesen dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 1127 sampel monitoring station amounting to 1127 samples for
untuk stesen pantai, 509 sampel untuk stesen muara coastal stations, 509 samples for estuary stations and 565
sungai dan 565 sampel untuk stesen pulau. Sampel- samples for island stations. The samples were analysed
sampel tersebut dianalisa dan hasil analisa dirumuskan and results were summarised based on the MMWQI of
berdasarkan IKAMM bagi enam (6) frekuensi. the six (6) frequencies.
Jadual 4.1 : Klasifikasi Indeks Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia (IKAMM)

Table 4.1 : Malaysian Marine Water Quality Index (MMWQI) Classification
KATEGORI / CATEGORY NILAI INDEKS / INDEX VALUE

Terbaik / Excellent 90 -100
Baik / Good 80 - <90
Sederhana / Moderate 50 - <80
Tercemar / Poor 0 - <50

Jadual 4.2 : Standard Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia

Table 4.2 : Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards
KLASIFIKASI / CLASSIFICATION
INTERIM INTERIM INTERIM

KELAS 1 / KELAS 2 / KELAS 3 / KELAS E1 / KELAS E2 / KELAS E3 /
CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 INTERIM INTERIM INTERIM
CLASS E1 CLASS E2 CLASS E3
PARAMETER (μg/l) INDUSTRI, MUARA SUNGAI / ESTUARIES

MELAINKAN DINYATAKAN AKTIVITI
SEBALIKNYA / KOMERSIAL
PARAMETER (μg/l) HABITAT PERIKANAN & KAWASAN
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED MARIN (TERMASUK KEDIAMAN
SENSITIF / MARIKULTUR) / PESISIR RANGKAIAN
DATARAN
SENSITIVE FISHERIES PANTAI / KOMPLEKS /
PANTAI / LAGUN /
MARINE (INCLUDING INDUSTRY, COMPLEX
COASTAL LAGOON
HABITATS MARICULTURE) COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTARY
PLAIN
ACTIVITIES NETWORK
& COASTAL
SETTLEMENTS
Oksigen Terlarut /
>6.0 >5.0 >3.0 >5.0 >5.0 >5.0
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
Jumlah Pepejal Terampai /

25.0 50.0 100.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)
Fosfat / Phosphate 5.0 75.0 670.0 100.0 180.0 180.0
Nitrat / Nitrate 10.0 60.0 700.0 200.0 570.0 430.0
Ammonia 35.0 50.0 320.0 5.0 10.0 10.0
Merkuri / Mercury 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Kadmium / Cadmium 0.50 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Kromium (VI) / Chromium (VI) 0.14 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Kuprum / Copper 1.30 2.90 8.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Sianida / Cyanide 2.00 7.00 14.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Plumbum / Lead 2.20 8.50 12.00 1.30 2.00 2.00
Zink / Zinc 7.00 50.00 100.00 16.00 5.00 5.00
Arsenik (III) / Arsenic (III) 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00
Aluminium 27.0 27.0 55.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
Tributyltin (TBT) 0.001 0.010 0.050 0.002 0.002 0.002
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) 100.0 200.0 1000.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Jumlah Fenol / Total Phenol 1.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Minyak & Gris / Oil & Grease (mg/l) 0.01 0.14 5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Faecal Coliform (Cfu/100ml) 70 70 70 70 70 70
Suhu / Temperature (ºC) ≤ 2 ºC bertambah melebihi ambien maksimum / ≤ 2 ºC increase over maximum ambient
pH 6.5 - 9.0
Marine Litter Bebas dari marine litter / Free from marine litter
STATUS STESEN-STESEN PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR STATUS OF MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
MARIN STATIONS
Dalam tahun 2020, daripada 368 stesen pengawasan In 2020, out of the 368 marine water quality monitoring
kualiti air marin bagi pantai, muara sungai dan pulau di stations at coastal, estuary and islands in the country,
negara ini, sebanyak 104 stesen adalah terbaik, 56 stesen 104 stations were categorised as excellent, 56 stations are
baik, sementara 190 stesen sederhana manakala 18 good, while 190 stations were categorised as moderate.
stesen tercemar. The remaining 18 stations were categorised as poor.
13 daripada stesen tercemar berada di kawasan muara 13 of the poor water quality stations were located at
sungai, empat (4) di kawasan pantai dan satu (1) di the estuary, four (4) were located at coastal while the
kawasan pulau. remaining one (1) was located at the island.
Selangor mempunyai bilangan stesen tercemar yang Selangor had the largest number of poor stations, followed
paling tinggi, diikuti oleh Pulau Pinang, Johor, Sarawak, by Penang, Johor, Sarawak, Perak and Melaka. Only
Perak dan Melaka. Hanya Terengganu dan Wilayah Terengganu and Labuan Federal Territory did not register
Persekutuan Labuan yang tidak mempunyai rekod stesen any poor stations in 2020 . Faecal coliforms, nutrients and
tercemar pada tahun ini. Faecal coliforms, nutrien dan total suspended solids (TSS) are key parameters that have
jumlah pepejal terampai adalah parameter utama yang degraded the consistency of the water quality in the Manual
menyebabkan kualiti air marin merosot secara konsistensi Marine Water Quality Monitoring (MMWQM) network.
dalam rangkaian Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Manual.
Jumlah faecal coliform, E. coli dan enterococci yang tinggi High faecal coliform, E. coli and enterococci levels found
terdapat di stesen yang kategori tercemar yang terletak in stations under the poor category were situated near
berdekatan muara sungai menunjukkan kemungkinan river estuaries suggesting the possibility of sewage
terdapat pencemaran kumbahan di persekitaran marin. contamination in the marine environment.
Fenomena La Nina dan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan The La Nina phenomena and the Government Movement

(PKP) yang ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan untuk mencegah Control Order (MCO) to curb the spread of COVID-19
penularan secara meluas wabak COVID-19 adalah antara pandemic are among the prevailing factors which
faktor yang mempengaruhi status kualiti air marin di affected the status of the marine water quality in the
negara ini pada tahun 2020. country in year 2020.
Jadual 4.3, Jadual 4.4 dan Jadual 4.5 menunjukkan Table 4.3, Table 4.4 and Table 4.5 show the list of coastal,
senarai stesen pantai, muara sungai dan pulau yang estuary and island stations that achieved the excellent
mencapai kategori terbaik berdasarkan IKAMM bagi category based on MMWQI in 2020.
tahun 2020.
Rajah 4.1-4.6 menunjukkan status kualiti air marin Figures 4.1-4.6 shows the marine water quality status
berdasarkan IKAMM mengikut lokasi stesen pengawasan based on MMWQI according to coastal, estuary and
bagi pantai, muara sungai dan pulau-pulau tahun 2020 island monitoring stations, 2020.
Jadual 4.3 : Senarai Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pantai dengan Status Kategori Terbaik, 2020
Table 4.3: List of Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Coastal with Status of Excellent, 2020
BIL. / NO. NEGERI / STATE LOKASI / LOCATION
1 Pahang Pantai Legenda A

2 Pahang Pantai Cherating (Legend A)
3 Terengganu Pantai Tok Jembal
4 Kedah Pantai Tengah
5 Pahang Pantai Cherating (Legend B)
6 Pahang Pantai Legenda B
7 Johor Pantai Desaru
8 Pahang Pantai Teluk Cempedak B
9 Terengganu Pantai Rhu 10
10 Kedah Pantai Kok
Nota / Notes:
Senarai menunjukkan sepuluh (10) stesen teratas dengan status kategori terbaik / The list shows the top ten (10) stations with the Excellent Category
Jadual 4.4 : Senarai Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin bagi Muara Sungai dengan Status Kategori Terbaik, 2020
Table 4.4: List of Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Estuary with Status of Excellent, 2020
1 Terengganu Tioxide Utara (Kg. Bukit Kuang, Kijal)

2 Terengganu Tioxide Selatan (KSB, T. Kalong)
3 Pahang Kuala Nenasi*
Jadual 4.5 : Senarai Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau dengan Status Kategori Terbaik, 2020
Table 4.5: List of Marine Island Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Island with Status of Excellent, 2020
1 Terengganu Ekor Tebu

2 Kedah Payar
3 Kedah Pasir
4 Pahang Sepui
5 Terengganu Perhentian Besar (West)
6 Terengganu Perhentian Kecil
7 Terengganu Lang Tengah
8 Melaka Undan (Point A)
9 Melaka Undan (Point B)
10 Pahang Cebeh
Nota / Notes:
Senarai menunjukkan sepuluh (10) stesen teratas dengan status kategori terbaik / The list shows the top ten (10) stations with Excellent Category
PERLIS
KEDAH
P. PINANG
KELANTAN
TERENGGANU
PERAK
PAHANG
SELANGOR
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
STATUS KUALITI AIR MARIN / W.P. PUTRAJAYA
MARINE WATER QUALITY STATUS N. SEMBILAN
Terbaik / Excellent MELAKA
Baik / Good JOHOR
Tercemar / Poor 0 100 km 200 km
Rajah 4.1 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Pantai di Semenanjung Malaysia
Figure 4.1 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Coastal at Peninsular Malaysia
STATUS KUALITI AIR MARIN /

MARINE WATER QUALITY STATUS
Terbaik / Excellent

Baik / Good
W.P. LABUAN SABAH
Tercemar / Poor
SARAWAK
0 100 km 200 km
Rajah 4.2 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Pantai di Sabah, Sarawak dan W.P. Labuan
Figure 4.2 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Coastal at Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan
PERLIS
KEDAH
P. PINANG
KELANTAN
TERENGGANU
PERAK
PAHANG
SELANGOR
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
W.P. PUTRAJAYA
N. SEMBILAN
MELAKA
Terbaik / Excellent
JOHOR
Baik / Good
Rajah 4.3 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Muara Sungai di Semenanjung Malaysia
Figure 4.3 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Estuary at Peninsular Malaysia

Terbaik / Excellent
Baik / Good
W.P. LABUAN SABAH
Tercemar / Poor
SARAWAK
0 100 km 200 km
Rajah 4.4 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Muara Sungai di Sabah dan Sarawak
Figure 4.4 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Estuary at Sabah and Sarawak
PERLIS
KEDAH
P. PINANG
KELANTAN
TERENGGANU
PERAK
PAHANG
SELANGOR
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
STATUS KUALITI AIR MARIN / W.P. PUTRAJAYA
N. SEMBILAN
Terbaik / Excellent MELAKA
Baik / Good
JOHOR
Rajah 4.5 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Pulau di Semenanjung Malaysia
Figure 4.5 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Island at Peninsular Malaysia

Terbaik / Excellent

Baik / Good
W.P. LABUAN SABAH
Tercemar / Poor
SARAWAK
0 100 km 200 km
Rajah 4.6 : Status Kualiti Air Marine mengikut Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan bagi Pulau di Sabah, Sarawak dan W.P. Labuan
Figure 4.6 : Marine Water Quality Status based on the Location Monitoring Stations for Island at Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan
STATUS KUALITI AIR MARIN PANTAI COASTAL WATER QUALITY STATUS
Sebanyak 188 stesen pantai dipantau pada tahun A total of 188 coastal stations were monitored for water
2020. Daripada 188 stesen pantai, 55 stesen (29.26%) quality in 2020. Of this number, 55 stations (29.26%) were
terbaik, 41 stesen (21.81%) baik, 88 stesen (46.81%) ranked excellent, 41 (21.81%) ranked good, 88 stations
sederhana manakala empat (4) stesen (2.13%) tercemar (46.81%) ranked moderate while four (4) stations (2.13%)
(Jadual 4.6). were ranked poor (Table 4.6).
Jadual 4.6 : Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pantai, 2020

Table 4.6 : Marine Water Quality Status for Coastal Areas, 2020
NOMBOR NOMBOR NILAI IKAMM / MMWQI VALUE KATEGORI STATUS
KLASIFIKASI STESEN STESEN KUALITI AIR MARIN
NEGERI / STESEN / KAWASAN / LAMA / BARU / (2020) /
STATE STATION AREA OLD NEW MARINE WATER
CLASSIFICATION STATION STATION 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 QUALITY STATUS
NUMBER NUMBER CATEGORY (2020)
Pantai Merdeka 5603905 MMKC001 76 79 91 79 71 Sederhana / Moderate
Langkawi Island Resort 6399914 MMKC002 66 90 94 90 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Kok 6397922 MMKC003 66 83 94 92 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Kuah 6398925 MMKC004 71 91 94 84 89 Baik / Good

Pantai /
Kedah Pantai Pasir Tengkorak 6499701 MMKC005 68 93 94 68 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Coastal
Pantai Teluk Burau 6396923 MMKC006 64 85 94 83 89 Baik / Good
Pantai Teluk Nibong 6497915 MMKC007 63 91 84 91 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Tengah 6297903 MMKC008 60 87 94 92 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Beras Basah* NA MMKC009 - 93 94 92 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Gertak Sanggul 5201919 MMPC001 53 71 81 58 84 Baik / Good

Kawasan Perindustrian
5303932 MMPC002 - 67 59 56 56 Sederhana / Moderate

Bayan Lepas 1
Kawasan Perindustrian Stesen tutup /
5303933 NA - - - - -
Bayan Lepas 2** Close station
Kawasan Perindustrian Stesen tutup/
5302939 NA 50 - - - -
Bayan Lepas 3** Close station
Pantai Bersih 5403906 MMPC003 76 50 66 58 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Miami 5502901 MMPC004 61 68 93 69 81 Baik / Good
Pantai Pasir Panjang 5201938 MMPC005 63 86 93 81 81 Baik / Good
Pulau Pantai / Batu Feringgi (Casuarina) 5402904 MMPC006 79 67 67 60 58 Sederhana / Moderate

Pinang Coastal
Luar Pantai Teluk Bahang 5402930 MMPC007 88 85 93 57 83 Baik / Good
Persiaran Gurney 5403902 MMPC008 83 62 66 58 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Rumah Pam Baru Perai 5304927 MMPC009 66 59 64 56 61 Sederhana / Moderate
Rumah Pam Lama Perai 5303926 MMPC010 61 64 65 57 60 Sederhana / Moderate

Selat PP Selatan
5303911 MMPC011 60 49 59 57 55 Sederhana / Moderate
(Jelutong)
Tanjung Bungah 5402937 MMPC012 83 84 67 57 70 Sederhana / Moderate
Teluk Tempoyak 5202923 MMPC013 51 61 75 57 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Batu Maung 5202901 MMPC014 46 59 62 57 56 Sederhana / Moderate



Pantai Sungai Batu

NA MMPC015 - 62 93 83 84 Baik / Good
Ferringhi 3*
Pulau Pantai / Pantai Sungai Batu
NA MMPC016 - 61 93 70 74 Sederhana / Moderate
Pinang Coastal Ferringhi 2*
Pantai Sungai Batu
NA MMPC017 - 51 85 71 85 Baik / Good
Ferringhi 1*
Pantai Pasir Bogak 4205908 MMAC001 58 91 92 80 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Teluk Dalam 4205928 MMAC002 75 91 93 88 89 Baik / Good
Pantai Teluk Batik 4205932 MMAC003 51 89 92 62 84 Baik / Good
Pantai / Pantai Tanjung Batu 4406927 MMAC004 53 92 94 61 83 Baik / Good

Perak
Coastal Pantai Teluk Rubiah* NA MMAC005 - 93 92 62 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Damai Laut* NA MMAC006 - 91 92 70 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Teluk Senangin* NA MMAC007 - 92 93 67 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Pasir Panjang 4205924 MMAC008 52 93 93 70 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Bagan Lalang 2616927 MMBC001 90 92 88 81 91 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Morib 2712902 MMBC002 62 89 87 61 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai / Selat Pulau Babi 3012929 MMBC003 75 72 90 73 73 Sederhana / Moderate

Selangor
Coastal Selat Klang Utara 3013908 MMBC004 78 64 62 56 55 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Remis* NA MMBC005 - 67 90 58 63 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Klanang* NA MMBC006 - 91 82 58 71 Sederhana / Moderate
Bagan Pinang 2518915 MMNC001 97 68 91 82 85 Baik / Good
Telok Sinting 2419908 MMNC002 97 87 88 71 86 Baik / Good

Port Dickson Bandar 2517907 MMNC003 97 68 68 60 74 Sederhana / Moderate
Port Dickson Batu 4 2518937 MMNC004 97 67 90 81 86 Baik / Good
Port Dickson Batu 5 2418906 MMNC005 97 79 68 63 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Port Dickson Batu 6 2418916 MMNC006 97 68 92 77 90 Terbaik / Excellent

Pantai /
N. Sembilan
Coastal Port Dickson Batu 8 2418912 MMNC008 97 75 87 86 85 Baik / Good

Port Dickson
2517909 MMNC010 97 68 68 59 89 Baik / Good
Janakuasa TNB
Telok Pelanduk 2419917 MMNC011 97 81 90 87 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Cermin 2416918 MMNC012 97 68 92 70 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Teluk Kemang* NA MMNC013 - 68 67 83 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Seri Purnama* NA MMNC014 - 85 93 80 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Rombang 2221916 MMMC001 68 85 85 68 89 Baik / Good

Pantai /
Melaka Pantai Kundur 2221908 MMMC002 57 84 82 77 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Coastal
Pantai Tanjung Bidara 2320909 MMMC003 57 82 93 78 90 Terbaik / Excellent


Teluk Gong 2320902 MMMC004 57 88 93 76 83 Baik / Good
Pulau Melaka Point A1 2121915 MMMC005 72 64 67 60 91 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai / Pulau Melaka Point A2 2121915 MMMC006 - 72 81 60 79 Sederhana / Moderate

Melaka
Coastal Pulau Melaka Point B1 2121916 MMMC007 63 63 62 57 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Pulau Melaka Point B2 2121916 MMMC008 - 66 58 57 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Klebang* NA MMMC009 - 67 81 58 78 Sederhana / Moderate
Tanjung Bin 1336975 MMJC001 84 92 92 81 90 Terbaik / Excellent

Pelabuhan Tanjung
1438943 MMJC002 85 90 92 67 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pelepas
Hadapan Jabatan Laut 1438918 MMJC003 84 80 88 77 87 Baik / Good
Pantai Stulang Laut 1437951 MMJC004 76 61 63 49 48 Tercemar / Poor
Jeti Teluk Jawa 1438918 MMJC005 53 62 62 52 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Pelabuhan Pasir Gudang 1428939 MMJC006 75 64 65 54 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Hadapan HSAJB 1437920 MMJC007 44 59 59 36 49 Tercemar / Poor
Pantai Lido 1437921 MMJC008 66 55 52 37 44 Tercemar / Poor
Pantai Teluk Mahkota 1841911 MMJC009 89 92 94 72 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Tanjung Leman 2140694 MMJC010 88 94 93 87 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Sri Pantai 2339960 MMJC011 88 94 94 87 87 Baik / Good
Tanjung Merak 1441968 MMJC012 89 93 73 60 89 Baik / Good
Tanjung Pengelih 1441967 MMJC013 88 93 93 77 90 Terbaik / Excellent

Pantai Tanjong Stapa 1341961 MMJC014 89 93 93 86 91 Terbaik / Excellent

Pantai /
Johor Pantai Teluk Gorek 2538958 MMJC015 88 93 94 92 83 Baik / Good
Coastal
Pantai Air Papan 2538959 MMJC016 89 93 94 92 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Jeti Kukup 1334925 MMJC017 87 88 89 58 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Pasir Gogok 1441966 MMJC018 90 94 93 74 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Buai 1340973 MMJC019 80 92 92 63 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Desaru 1542914 MMJC020 89 94 94 81 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Sepang 1443969 MMJC021 87 94 93 87 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Penyusup 1444920 MMJC022 86 92 93 62 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Sungai Lurus 1730962 MMJC023 89 90 91 59 74 Sederhana / Moderate
Punggur 1531974 MMJC024 88 84 87 59 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Penyabung* NA MMJC025 - 93 93 80 82 Baik / Good
Tanjung Resang* NA MMJC026 - 94 94 93 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Balau* NA MMJC027 - 93 93 84 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Batu Layar* NA MMJC028 - 93 94 62 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Sengat* NA MMJC029 - 92 91 60 72 Sederhana / Moderate



Pantai Cherating
4133903 (A) MMCC001 60 92 94 88 91 Terbaik / Excellent
(Club Med A)
Pantai Cherating
4133903 (B) MMCC002 61 93 94 85 94 Terbaik / Excellent
(Club Med B)
Pantai Cherating
4133942 (A) MMCC003 81 92 94 88 96 Terbaik / Excellent
(Legend A)
Pantai Cherating
4133942 (B) MMCC004 61 89 94 94 96 Terbaik / Excellent
(Legend B)
Pantai Muhibbah Balok A 3933901 (A) MMCC005 58 68 89 59 73 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Muhibbah Balok B 3933901 (B) MMCC006 59 65 83 59 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Batu Hitam A 3833915 (A) MMCC007 62 68 87 75 76 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Batu Hitam B 3833915 (B) MMCC008 56 81 91 62 73 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Berserah A 3933941 (A) MMCC009 65 80 90 74 76 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Berserah B 3933941 (B) MMCC010 63 67 90 80 60 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai /
Pahang Pantai Teluk Cempedak A 3833910 (A) MMCC011 59 67 88 83 84 Baik / Good
Coastal
Pantai Teluk Cempedak B 3833910 (B) MMCC012 59 88 91 90 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Teluk Gelora A 3833909 (A) MMCC013 64 67 77 75 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Teluk Gelora B 3833909 (B) MMCC014 59 66 76 62 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Sepat A 3737915 MMCC015 88 91 93 81 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Sepat B 3633916 MMCC016 80 91 93 88 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Legenda A 3534943 (A) MMCC017 85 93 94 93 97 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Legenda B 3534943 (B) MMCC018 79 93 94 92 96 Terbaik / Excellent

Pantai Kuala Api-Api 3235917 MMCC019 79 90 93 58 85 Baik / Good
Pantai Tanjung Batu 3334915 MMCC020 79 90 94 72 85 Baik / Good
Pantai Chendor* NA MMCC021 – 86 94 84 87 Baik / Good
Pantai Lanjut* NA MMCC022 – 93 92 86 85 Baik / Good
Pantai Batu Buruk 5331935 MMTC001 78 94 93 59 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Bukit Keluang 5825903 MMTC002 64 94 94 86 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Chendering 5231934 MMTC003 61 89 94 69 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Rantau Abang 4833917 MMTC004 61 90 94 85 95 Terbaik / Excellent
KIPC Utara 4634954 MMTC005 74 91 94 92 78 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai /
Terengganu KIPC Tengah 4534955 MMTC006 77 89 94 90 88 Baik / Good
Coastal
KIPC Selatan 4534956 MMTC007 74 89 94 94 88 Baik / Good
Pantai Rhu 10* NA MMTC008 - 94 94 89 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Tok Jembal* NA MMTC009 - 94 94 95 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Kelulut* NA MMTC010 - 94 94 95 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Teluk Ketapang* NA MMTC011 - 94 94 80 95 Terbaik / Excellent



Pantai Kuala Abang* NA MMTC012 - 94 94 88 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Teluk Kalong* NA MMTC013 - 94 94 94 94 Terbaik / Excellent

Pantai /
Terengganu Pantai Sura* NA MMTC014 - 94 94 89 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Coastal
Pantai Tanjung Bidara* NA MMTC015 - 94 94 93 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Kemasik* NA MMTC016 - 93 88 86 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Seri Tujuh 6221910 MMDC001 66 88 93 88 84 Baik / Good
Pantai Cahaya Bulan 6122903 MMDC002 78 87 93 87 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai / Pantai Sabak 6123909 MMDC003 66 81 93 88 89 Baik / Good

Kelantan
Coastal Pantai Irama Bachok 6024908 MMDC004 66 86 93 89 66 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Bisikan Bayu 5825905 MMDC005 66 89 94 95 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Melawi* NA MMDC006 - 93 94 85 83 Baik / Good
Pantai Sematan 1898902 MMQC001 74 88 90 91 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Pandan 1824918 MMQC002 75 87 91 91 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Pasir Putih 1604910 MMQC003 88 80 87 91 80 Baik / Good
Pantai Bako 1704906 MMQC004 74 88 89 91 85 Baik / Good
Pantai Damai 1702904 MMQC005 89 86 91 91 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Tanjung Kembang 1810923 MMQC006 85 69 85 88 86 Baik / Good
Pantai Harmoni Mukah 2920921 MMQC007 85 72 86 89 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Tanjung Batu 3132602 MMQC008 82 84 89 88 56 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai Likau 3230915 MMQC009 78 85 89 87 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Emas 3331903 MMQC010 90 87 90 90 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Piasau 4539918 MMQC011 68 86 89 87 70 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai /
Sarawak Pantai Brighton 4449917 MMQC012 68 81 88 80 79 Sederhana / Moderate
Coastal
Pantai Esplaned 4339920 MMQC013 68 86 82 88 70 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Beraya 4238921 MMQC014 68 87 88 90 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Bungai 4137922 MMQC015 94 88 87 88 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Belawai 2212913 MMQC016 73 84 88 90 66 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Mukah* NA MMQC017 - 84 88 87 49 Tercemar / Poor
Tanjung Kidurong* NA MMQC018 - 85 90 87 63 Sederhana / Moderate
Pasir Pandak* NA MMQC019 - 86 90 90 74 Sederhana / Moderate
Rambungan* NA MMQC020 - 89 90 89 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Sri Tanjung Lawas* NA MMQC021 - 92 86 78 71 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Luak* NA MMQC022 - 88 78 88 77 Sederhana / Moderate
Pasir Panjang* NA MMQC023 - 87 88 91 55 Sederhana / Moderate



Pantai Teluk Brunei 1 5053901 MMSC001 66 70 92 85 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Borneo Golf Seawater 5355901 MMSC007 68 68 92 88 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Manis Papar 5555901 MMSC008 66 69 91 92 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Melinsung 5565902 MMSC009 67 73 93 90 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Tanjung Aru

5656902 MMSC010 63 86 93 92 67 Sederhana / Moderate
(Roll Skating)
Pantai Tanjung Aru (No. 3) 5656903 MMSC011 67 82 93 88 64 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai /
Sabah
Coastal Pantai Lok Kawi 5656904 MMSC012 62 85 93 87 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Dalit Tuaran 6161901 MMSC013 64 74 93 88 78 Sederhana / Moderate
Mangrove Paradise 6161902 MMSC014 68 86 93 87 73 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Sabandar 6161903 MMSC015 67 71 93 95 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Bak-Bak Kudat 6665901 MMSC016 63 70 93 85 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Pasir Putih Sandakan 5580901 MMSC017 67 66 92 84 63 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai TLDM 5580902 MMSC018 69 69 92 67 72 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai Batu Sapi 5580903 MMSC019 67 51 93 93 61 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Ulu Tungku 5085901 MMSC020 68 69 92 70 66 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Sarina Kunak 4481901 MMSC021 69 68 93 84 74 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Kg. Lamak 4581902 MMSC022 67 49 91 79 64 Sederhana / Moderate
Pantai Tinagat 4473901 MMSC023 69 70 93 78 58 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai Tanjung Aru
5656901 MMSC024 68 86 93 79 63 Sederhana / Moderate
(Rest Lido)
Pulau Papan 5151905 MMLC001 75 73 92 68 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Kiamsam 5151906 MMLC002 76 73 93 64 68 Sederhana / Moderate

Pantai /
Labuan Sungai Pagar 5151907 MMLC003 78 71 92 83 61 Sederhana / Moderate
Coastal
Layang-Layangan 5251902 MMLC004 77 73 92 82 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Tanjung Aru 5251903 MMLC005 72 73 91 59 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Nota / Note:
* (Stesen baru / New station)
** (Stesen tutup / Station closed)
– (Tiada data / No data)
NA (Tidak berkenaan / Not available)
Rajah 4.7 menunjukkan status kualiti air marin bagi Figure 4.7 depicts the trend of marine water quality
pantai berdasarkan IKAMM. Bilangan stesen terbaik status for islands based on MMWQI. The number of
meningkat daripada 37 stesen pada tahun 2019 kepada excellent stations increased from 37 stations in 2019 to
55 stesen pada tahun 2020; Walau bagaimanapun stesen 55 stations in 2020; Nevertheless, the number of good
dengan status kualiti air baik menurun daripada 69 stesen water quality stations decreased from 69 stations in 2019
pada tahun 2019 kepada 41 stesen pada tahun 2020. to 41 stations in 2020.
140
124
120
103
100
88
80 79
70 69
60
60 56 55
41
40 37 37
31 27
20 16
2 2 3 4
0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Excellent Baik / Good Sederhana / Moderate Tercemar / Poor

Rajah 4.7 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Kawasan Pantai, 2016-2020
Terbaik / Baik / Sederhana / Tercemar /
Figure 4.7 : The Trend ofGood
Excellent Marine Water Quality Status for Coastal Area,Poor
Moderate 2016-2020
Rajah 4.1: Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Kawasan Pantai, 2015 - 2019
Figure 4.1: The Trend of Marine Water Quality Status for Coastal Area, 2015 - 2019
STATUS KUALITI AIR MUARA SUNGAI ESTUARY WATER QUALITY STATUS
Sebanyak 85 stesen muara sungai dipantau pada tahun A total of 85 estuary stations were monitored in the year
2020. Daripada 85 stesen pengawasan bagi muara 2020 and of this number, three (3) stations (3.53%) were
sungai, tiga (3) stesen (3.53%) terbaik, enam (6) stesen ranked excellent, six (6) stations (7.06%) were ranked good,
(7.06%) baik, 63 stesen (74.12%) sederhana manakala 13 63 stations (74.12%) were moderate, while the remaining
stesen (15.29%) tercemar (Jadual 4.7). 13 stations (15.29%) were ranked poor (Table 4.7).
Jadual 4.7 : Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Muara Sungai

Table 4.7 : Marine Water Quality Status for Estuaries
NOMBOR NOMBOR NILAI IKAMM / KATEGORI STATUS
KLASIFIKASI STESEN STESEN MMWQI VALUE KUALITI AIR MARIN
NEGERI / STESEN/ KAWASAN/ LAMA/ BARU / (2020) /
Kuala Sungai Baru 6201902 MMRE001 60 64 70 50 56 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
Perlis
Estuary
Kuala Sungai Perlis 6401901 MMRE002 61 64 66 58 54 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Kedah 6102908 MMKE001 77 62 61 53 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Jerlun 6302925 MMKE002 75 62 82 50 57 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
Kedah
Estuary
Kuala Segantang Garam* NA MMKE003 - 83 88 57 70 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Muda* NA MMKE004 - 64 62 62 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Jawi 5204901 MMPE001 45 49 54 46 38 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Juru 5303904 MMPE002 70 49 47 51 30 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Kerian 5104901 MMPE003 34 56 60 52 54 Sederhana / Moderate
Pulau Muara Sungai / Kuala Sungai Pinang 5403934 MMPE004 58 52 61 52 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Pinang Estuary
Kuala Sungai Perai 5303908 MMPE005 64 52 59 53 43 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Tengah 5204935 MMPE006 65 58 37 52 52 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Pinang

5202929 MMPE007 60 55 64 50 48 Tercemar / Poor
(Balik Pulau)
Kuala Sungai Manjung 4205930 MMAE001 78 88 91 71 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Gula 4906926 MMAE002 67 82 84 55 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Kurau 4994919 MMAE003 59 61 64 54 53 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
Perak
Estuary Kuala Sungai Tanjung
5003921 MMAE004 57 59 61 51 38 Tercemar / Poor
Piandang

Kuala Sungai Sepetang 4806925 MMAE005 56 60 58 46 48 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Perak 4007901 MMAE006 64 61 81 53 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Sepang 2517922 MMBE001 85 92 89 60 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Sepang

2612928 MMBE002 86 93 89 61 88 Baik / Good
(Kecil)
Kuala Sungai Sepang
2616926 MMBE003 92 93 92 70 88 Baik / Good
(Kawalan)
Kuala Sungai Langat
2814925 MMBE004 72 82 62 50 44 Tercemar / Poor
(Jugra)
Kuala Sungai Klang 3013909 MMBE005 77 60 37 38 35 Tercemar / Poor

Muara Sungai /
Selangor
Estuary Kuala Sungai Langat
2913903 MMBE006 81 60 39 49 45 Tercemar / Poor
(Lumut)
Kuala Sungai Buloh 3212930 MMBE007 67 64 62 44 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Selangor 3312915 MMBE008 74 85 69 45 45 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Tengi 3311931 MMBE009 72 74 64 49 43 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Bernam 3808924 MMBE010 72 56 86 52 55 Sederhana / Moderate



Kuala Sungai Linggi 2319901 MMNE001 97 75 65 52 64 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
N. Sembilan
Estuary
Kuala Sungai Lukut 2517910 MMNE002 97 66 66 52 52 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Melaka 2123903 MMME001 56 63 65 55 56 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Sri Melaka 2121914 MMME002 53 57 59 45 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Merlimau 2124912 MMME003 71 81 75 52 55 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Kesang 2186905 MMME004 70 83 82 54 85 Baik / Good

Muara Sungai /
Melaka
Estuary
Kuala Sungai Sebatu 2186904 MMME005 69 86 87 56 63 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Melaka 2* NA MMME006 - 64 64 52 54 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Baru* NA MMME007 - 84 83 55 56 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Lereh 2221922 MMME008 69 63 64 55 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Stesen tutup/
Kuala Sungai Melayu 1437946 - 58 63 - - -
Close station
Stesen tutup/
Kuala Sungai Skudai 1437922 - 65 40 - - -
Close station
Stesen tutup/
Kuala Sungai Tebrau 1438943 - 56 62 - - -
Close station
Kuala Sungai Segget 1437919 MMJE001 47 53 32 33 41 Tercemar / Poor

Muara Sungai /
Johor
Estuary Kuala Sungai Laloh 1439965 MMJE002 82 61 61 39 42 Tercemar / Poor
Kuala Sungai Johor 1440916 MMJE003 85 92 92 72 88 Baik / Good

Kuala Sungai Batu Pahat 1729930 MMJE004 87 90 80 57 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Muar 2024932 MMJE005 88 92 66 55 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Mersing 2438905 MMJE006 85 67 67 59 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Kuantan* NA MMCE001 - 66 67 56 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Rompin Kecil* NA MMCE002 - 89 93 69 79 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
Pahang Kuala Pahang* NA MMCE003 - 92 73 59 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Estuary
Kuala Nenasi* NA MMCE004 - 93 94 63 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Kuala Sungai Balok* NA MMCE005 - 65 66 57 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Besut 5825902 MMTE001 63 73 67 58 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Dungun 4734918 MMTE002 53 65 86 59 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Ibai 5231949 MMTE003 61 90 93 85 77 Sederhana / Moderate

Muara Sungai /
Terengganu Kuala Sungai Kerteh 4534922 MMTE004 56 91 92 59 73 Sederhana / Moderate
Estuary
Kuala Sungai Marang 5232911 MMTE005 72 90 91 67 71 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Paka 4634920 MMTE006 72 80 94 58 73 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Setiu 5627953 MMTE007 75 92 93 86 64 Sederhana / Moderate



Kuala Sungai
5331907 MMTE008 55 66 67 59 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Terengganu
Kuala Sungai Kemaman /
4234929 MMTE009 56 90 94 59 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Chukai
Tioxide Utara
4234950 MMTE010 63 89 94 95 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Muara Sungai / (Kg. Bukit Kuang, Kijal)
Terengganu
Estuary Tioxide Tengah
4234951 MMTE011 61 90 94 94 87 Baik / Good
(Pupuk Semangat, Kijal)
Tioxide Selatan
4234952 MMTE012 - 94 94 85 94 Terbaik / Excellent
(KSB, T. Kalong)
Pulau Duyung 5231908 MMTE013 57 66 66 58 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Golok 6220911 MMDE001 76 75 67 58 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Kelantan 6222901 MMDE002 74 79 65 55 58 Sederhana / Moderate

Kuala Sungai
6223912 MMDE003 72 89 67 53 56 Sederhana / Moderate
Muara Sungai / Pengkalan Chepa
Kelantan
Estuary Kuala Sungai
6123913 MMDE004 61 86 81 68 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Pengkalan Datu
Kuala Sungai Kemasin 5824914 MMDE005 57 63 67 39 56 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Semerak* NA MMDE006 - 87 67 69 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Semantan 1898901 MMQE001 90 86 90 91 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Sarawak 1604907 MMQE002 70 85 86 86 64 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Bako 1704905 MMQE003 66 55 90 63 56 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Santubong 1702903 MMQE004 89 87 88 87 76 Sederhana / Moderate

Kuala Batang Krian

1710922 MMQE005 73 64 76 80 83 Baik / Good
(Kabong)
Kuala Batang Rejang 2111909 MMQE006 87 83 85 89 66 Sederhana / Moderate
Muara Sungai / Kuala Mukah 2920920 MMQE007 89 72 83 76 50 Sederhana / Moderate
Sarawak
Estuary
Kuala Batang Kemena 3130911 MMQE008 69 68 87 83 53 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Tanjung Similajau 3431903 MMQE009 92 84 89 84 55 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Panipah 3332904 MMQE010 92 86 89 87 55 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Pantai Nyalau 3431903 MMQE011 86 84 79 83 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Baram 4539919 MMQE012 66 72 76 74 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Miri 4349915 MMQE013 68 61 78 74 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuala Sungai Trusan* NA MMQE014 - 70 87 80 54 Sederhana / Moderate
Muara Sungai / Kuala Penyu 5453901 MMSE001 66 71 92 83 63 Sederhana / Moderate

Sabah
Estuary Muara Sungai Inanam 5050905 MMSE002 45 86 91 75 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Nota / Note:
Rajah 4.8 menunjukkan tren status kualiti air marin Figure 4.8 shows the trend of marine water quality
bagi muara sungai berdasarkan IKAMM. Bilangan stesen status for estuaries based on MMWQI. The number of
terbaik adalah sama iaitu tiga (3) stesen pada tahun stations ranked excellent remain the same number, three
2019 dan tahun 2020 manakala bilangan stesen baik (3) as in 2019 and 2020, whereas the number of stations
berkurang daripada 13 stesen pada tahun 2019 kepada ranked good decreased from 13 stations in 2019 to six (6)
enam (6) stesen pada tahun 2020. stations in 2020.
70
63
60 58
54
50 47
41
40
30
23 21
20 18
12 15 13 13
11
10 6 5
4 6
3 3 3
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year

Rajah 4.8 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Muara Sungai, 2016-2020
Figure 4.8 : The Trend of Marine Water Quality Status for Estuaries, 2016-2020
KUALITI AIR MARIN PULAU ISLAND MARINE WATER QUALITY
Sebanyak 95 stesen pengawasan kualiti air marin bagi A total of 95 island water quality monitoring stations
Tahun / Year
pulau dibangunkan yang meliputi 80 pulau yang telah were established surrounding 80 islands and were
dipantau pada tahun 2020./ Jadual 4.8 Baik
Terbaik menunjukkan
/ monitored 2020. Table
Sederhanain/the year Tercemar / 4.8 shows the list of
Excellent
senarai stesen pengawasan Good
kualiti air marin bagi pulau. Moderate
island Poor
water quality monitoring stations. Out of the 95
Daripada 95 stesen pengawasan, 46 stesen (48.42%) island monitoring stations, 46 (48.42%) ranked excellent,
Rajah 4.2: Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Kawasan Muara Sungai, 2015 - 2019
terbaik,Figure
sembilan
4.2:(9)The
stesen (9.47%)
Trend baik, manakala
of Marine 39 nine
Water Quality (9) stations
Status (9.47%) Area,
for Estuary ranked2015
good, -while
2019the remaining
stesen (41.05%) sederhana dan satu (1) stesen (1.05%) 39 stations (41.05%) ranked moderate and one (1) station
tercemar pada tahun 2020 (Jadual 4.9). (1.05%) was ranked poor in 2020 (Table 4.9).
Jadual 4.8 : Stesen-Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau, 2020
Table 4.8 : Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Island, 2020
BILANGAN BILANGAN ID STESEN ID STESEN
NEGERI / PULAU / STESEN / PULAU / LAMA / BARU / KATEGORI /
STATE NUMBER OF NUMBER OF ISLAND OLD STATION NEW STATION CATEGORY
ISLAND STATION ID ID
1 Singa Besar 7KR01 MMKR001 Peranginan / Resort
Dayang Bunting 7KR02 MMKR002 Peranginan / Resort

2
Dayang Bunting 2* NA MMKR003 Peranginan / Resort
1 Pulau Perak 7KP01 MMRP001 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Payar 7KM03 MMKM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Kaca 7KM04 MMKM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Segantang 7KM06 MMKM003 Taman Laut / Marine Park

Kedah 11
Pantai Kuah 7KD07 MMKD001 Pembangunan / Development
Pantai Chenang 7KD09 MMKD002 Pembangunan / Development

4
Tanjung Rhu 7KD010 MMKD003 Pembangunan / Development
Teluk Ewa 7KD08 MMKD004 Pembangunan / Development
1 Pasir* NA MMKP001 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Gasing* NA MMKP002 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Dangli* NA MMKP003 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Tanjung Tokong* NA MMPP001 Dilindungi / Protected
Batu Maung 7PD01 MMPD001 Pembangunan / Development
3 Padang Kota 7PD04 MMPD002 Pembangunan / Development
Teluk Bahang 7PD03 MMPD003 Pembangunan / Development
Pulau Pinang 7 1 Aman 7PR05 MMPR001 Peranginan / Resort
1 Jerejak 7PR06 MMPR002 Peranginan / Resort

1 Kendi 7PR07 MMPR003 Peranginan / Resort
1 Rimau 7PR08 MMPR004 Peranginan / Resort
1 Gedong 7PR09 MMPR005 Peranginan / Resort
Pantai Teluk Gedong 7AR01 MMAR001 Peranginan / Resort

2
Pantai Puteri Dewi 7AR02 MMAR002 Peranginan / Resort
4 1 Pangkor Laut 7AR03 MMAR003 Peranginan / Resort

Perak
1 Sembilan 7AR04 MMAR004 Peranginan / Resort
1 Tukun Perak 7AP05 MMAP001 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Ketam 7BR01 MMBR001 Peranginan / Resort
Selangor 3 1 Angsa 7BR02 MMBR002 Peranginan / Resort
1 Lumut 7BR03 MMBR003 Peranginan / Resort
N. Sembilan 1 1 Arang 7NP01 MMNP001 Dilindungi / Protected
Upeh (Point A) 7MR02 MMMR001 Peranginan / Resort

Melaka 3 2
Upeh (Point B) 7MR02 MMMR002 Peranginan / Resort
Table 4.8 : Island Water Quality Monitoring Stations, 2020

Besar (Point A) 7MR01 MMMR003 Peranginan / Resort

2
Besar (Point B) 7MR01 MMMR004 Peranginan / Resort
Melaka 3
Undan (Point A) 7MR03 MMMR005 Peranginan / Resort
2
Undan (Point B) 7MR03 MMMR006 Peranginan / Resort
1 Setindan 7JR01 MMJR001 Peranginan / Resort
1 Babi Tengah 7JR02 MMJR002 Peranginan / Resort
1 Dayang 7JM03 MMJM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Nanga Besar 7JM08 MMJM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park

Johor 8
1 Sibu Tengah 7JM11 MMJM003 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Pemanggil 7JM15 MMJM004 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Kukup 7JP17 MMJP001 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Pisang 7JP18 MMJP002 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Tioman (Teluk Salang) 7CM02 MMCM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Tioman (Kg. Nipah) 7CM01 MMCM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Tulai 7CM05 MMCM003 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Labas 7CM07 MMCM004 Taman Laut / Marine Park
Pahang 9 1 Cebeh 7CM04 MMCM005 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Sepui 7CM06 MMCM006 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Sembilang 7CM08 MMCM007 Taman Laut / Marine Park

1 Seri Buat 7CM03 MMCM008 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Tokong Bahara 7CM09 MMCM009 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Gemia 7TR01 MMTR001 Peranginan / Resort
1 Perhentian Besar (South) 7TM04 MMTM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
Perhentian Besar (West) 7TM05 MMTM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park

2
Perhentian Kecil 7TM06 MMTM003 Taman Laut / Marine Park
Redang (North) 7TM07 MMTM004 Taman Laut / Marine Park

2
Terengganu 9 Redang (South) 7TM08 MMTM005 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Lang Tengah 7TM11 MMTM006 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Pinang 7TM12 MMTM007 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Ekor Tebu 7TM13 MMTM008 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Lima 7TM14 MMTM009 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Kapas 7TM09 MMTM010 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Panjang 7DP01 MMDP001 Dilindungi / Protected

Kelantan 2
1 Kundur 7DP02 MMDP002 Dilindungi / Protected
Table 4.8 : Island Water Quality Monitoring Stations, 2020

1 Satang 7QP01 MMQP001 Dilindungi / Protected
Sarawak 3 1 Talang-Talang Kecil 7QP02 MMQP002 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Talang-Talang Besar 7QP03 MMQP003 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Gaya 7SR01 MMSR001 Peranginan / Resort
1 Mabul 7SR03 MMSR002 Peranginan / Resort
Sipadan (N) 7SR04 MMSR003 Peranginan / Resort

2
Sipadan (W) 7SR05 MMSR004 Peranginan / Resort
1 Manukan 7SM09 MMSR005 Peranginan / Resort
1 Tiga 7SR10 MMSR006 Peranginan / Resort
1 Kapalai 7SR12 MMSR007 Peranginan / Resort
1 Molleangan Besar 7SR14 MMSR008 Peranginan / Resort
Sabah 16 1 Banggi (South) 7SR15 MMSR009 Peranginan / Resort
1 Banggi (East) 7SR20 MMSR010 Peranginan / Resort
1 Balambangan 7SR16 MMSR011 Peranginan / Resort
1 Mantanani Besar 7SR21 MMSR012 Peranginan / Resort
1 Sapi 7SM08 MMSM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Kalampunian Besar 7SM11 MMSM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park

1 Selingan 7SP17 MMSP001 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Gulisan 7SP18 MMSP002 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Bakungan Kecil 7SP19 MMSP003 Dilindungi / Protected
1 Kuraman 7LM05 MMLM001 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Rusukan Besar 7LM07 MMLM002 Taman Laut / Marine Park
1 Rusukan Kecil 7LM06 MMLM003 Taman Laut / Marine Park
Labuan 4 Pohon Batu 7LD01 MMLD001 Pembangunan / Development
Water Front 7LD02 MMLD002 Pembangunan / Development

4
Lubuk Temiang 7LD03 MMLD003 Pembangunan / Development
Ranca-Ranca 7LD04 MMLD004 Pembangunan / Development
Nota / Note:
Jadual 4.9 : Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau, 2020

Table 4.9 : Marine Water Quality Status for Islands, 2020
NOMBOR NOMBOR KATEGORI STATUS
KLASIFIKASI STESEN STESEN NILAI IKAMM / MMWQI VALUE KUALITI AIR MARIN
Singa Besar 7KR01 MMKR001 61 90 93 84 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Dayang Bunting 7KR02 MMKR002 60 91 93 90 87 Baik / Good
Dayang Bunting 2* NA MMKR003 - 93 93 84 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Pulau Perak 7KP01 MMRP001 56 94 94 93 89 Baik / Good
Payar 7KM03 MMKM001 75 91 94 92 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Kaca 7KM04 MMKM002 74 93 94 86 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Segantang 7KM06 MMKM003 70 91 94 83 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Kedah Pulau / Island Pantai Kuah 7KD07 MMKD001 51 92 94 85 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Chenang 7KD09 MMKD002 63 74 82 73 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Rhu 7KD010 MMKD003 67 92 94 91 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Teluk Ewa 7KD08 MMKD004 74 92 94 95 94 Terbaik / Excellent

Stesen tutup/
Lembu** 7KM05 NA 71 - - - -
Close station
Pasir* NA MMKP001 - 93 94 94 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Gasing* NA MMKP002 - 94 94 94 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Dangli* NA MMKP003 - 92 94 95 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Tanjung Tokong* NA MMPP001 46 64 62 55 57 Sederhana / Moderate
Batu Maung 7PD01 MMPD001 82 52 65 58 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Padang Kota 7PD04 MMPD002 - 61 82 59 85 Baik / Good
Teluk Bahang* 7PD03 MMPD003 - 63 66 57 71 Sederhana / Moderate

Pulau
Pulau / Island Aman 7PR05 MMPR001 72 72 88 60 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Pinang
Jerejak 7PR06 MMPR002 46 57 65 57 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Kendi 7PR07 MMPR003 76 83 93 77 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Rimau 7PR08 MMPR004 51 85 93 85 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Gedong 7PR09 MMPR005 71 63 86 56 84 Baik / Good
Pantai Teluk Gedong 7AR01 MMAR001 69 93 93 88 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Pantai Puteri Dewi 7AR02 MMAR002 56 85 92 69 79 Sederhana / Moderate
Perak Pulau / Island Pangkor Laut 7AR03 MMAR003 79 92 94 90 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Sembilan 7AR04 MMAR004 52 89 92 86 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Tukun Perak 7AP05 MMAP001 58 93 94 82 91 Terbaik / Excellent
Ketam 7BR01 MMBR001 93 88 89 57 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Selangor Pulau / Island Angsa 7BR02 MMBR002 88 85 92 71 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Lumut 7BR03 MMBR003 87 61 54 47 46 Tercemar / Poor
N. Sembilan Pulau / Island Arang 7NP01 MMNP001 97 68 92 81 92 Terbaik / Excellent
Upeh (Point A) 7MR02 MMMR001 58 65 85 59 87 Baik / Good

Melaka Pulau / Island
Upeh (Point B) 7MR02 MMMR002 67 82 84 70 80 Baik / Good


Besar (Point A) 7MR01 MMMR003 70 89 94 84 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Besar (Point B) 7MR01 MMMR004 70 90 93 71 95 Terbaik / Excellent

Melaka Pulau / Island
Undan (Point A) 7MR03 MMMR005 77 90 94 83 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Undan (Point B) 7MR03 MMMR006 61 90 94 91 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Setindan 7JR01 MMJR001 88 94 94 88 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Babi Tengah 7JR02 MMJR002 90 94 94 70 78 Sederhana / Moderate
Dayang 7JM03 MMJM001 88 94 94 86 86 Baik / Good
Nanga Besar 7JM08 MMJM002 90 94 94 91 95 Terbaik / Excellent

Johor Pulau / Island
Sibu Tengah 7JM11 MMJM003 83 91 87 58 62 Sederhana / Moderate
Pemanggil 7JM15 MMJM004 86 93 93 58 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Kukup 7JP17 MMJP001 89 94 94 91 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pisang 7JP18 MMJP002 89 94 94 94 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Tioman (Teluk Salang) 7CM02 MMCM001 78 92 94 94 89 Baik / Good
Tioman (Kg. Nipah) 7CM01 MMCM002 85 93 94 83 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Tulai 7CM05 MMCM003 85 93 94 94 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Labas 7CM07 MMCM004 86 93 94 91 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pahang Pulau / Island Cebeh 7CM04 MMCM005 85 94 94 95 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Sepui 7CM06 MMCM006 83 93 94 95 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Sembilang 7CM08 MMCM007 75 93 94 96 94 Terbaik / Excellent

Seri Buat 7CM03 MMCM008 84 94 94 94 93 Terbaik / Excellent
Tokong Bahara 7CM09 MMCM009 86 93 94 69 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Gemia 7TR01 MMTR001 63 89 94 86 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Perhentian Besar (South) 7TM04 MMTM001 62 90 94 92 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Perhentian Besar (West) 7TM05 MMTM002 61 90 94 91 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Perhentian Kecil 7TM06 MMTM003 78 90 94 88 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Redang (North) 7TM07 MMTM004 64 89 94 85 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Terengganu Pulau / Island Redang (South) 7TM08 MMTM005 64 90 94 75 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Lang Tengah 7TM11 MMTM006 63 90 94 94 95 Terbaik / Excellent
Pinang 7TM12 MMTM007 63 90 94 87 97 Terbaik / Excellent
Ekor Tebu 7TM13 MMTM008 64 90 94 97 96 Terbaik / Excellent
Lima 7TM14 MMTM009 76 90 93 90 94 Terbaik / Excellent
Kapas 7TP16 MMTM010 64 89 94 96 90 Terbaik / Excellent
Panjang 7DP01 MMDP001 66 88 93 82 77 Sederhana / Moderate

Kelantan Pulau / Island
Kundur 7DP02 MMDP002 65 89 93 84 84 Baik / Good


Satang 7QP01 MMQP001 90 87 90 91 76 Sederhana / Moderate
Sarawak Pulau / Island Talang-Talang Kecil 7QP02 MMQP002 77 87 91 92 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Talang-Talang Besar 7QP03 MMQP003 91 87 90 90 79 Sederhana / Moderate
Gaya 7SR01 MMSR001 84 72 93 85 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Mabul 7SR03 MMSR002 81 86 93 89 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Sipadan (N) 7SR04 MMSR003 84 89 93 85 60 Sederhana / Moderate
Sipadan (W) 7SR05 MMSR004 85 89 93 80 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Manukan 7SM09 MMSR005 83 87 93 83 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Tiga 7SR10 MMSR006 85 73 93 86 68 Sederhana / Moderate
Kapalai 7SR12 MMSR007 82 87 93 60 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Molleangan Besar 7SR14 MMSR008 84 88 93 63 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Sabah Pulau / Island Banggi (South) 7SR15 MMSR009 80 85 93 77 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Banggi (East) 7SR20 MMSR010 82 70 93 85 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Balambangan 7SR16 MMSR011 84 85 92 87 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Mantanani Besar 7SR21 MMSR012 85 85 93 77 58 Sederhana / Moderate
Sapi 7SM08 MMSM001 83 88 93 91 61 Sederhana / Moderate

Kalampunian Besar 7SM11 MMSM002 84 87 93 79 65 Sederhana / Moderate
Selingan 7SP17 MMSP001 83 88 93 93 75 Sederhana / Moderate
Gulisan 7SP18 MMSP002 83 88 93 88 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Bakungan Kecil 7SP19 MMSP003 83 85 93 95 72 Sederhana / Moderate
Kuraman 7LM05 MMLM001 67 63 92 86 67 Sederhana / Moderate
Rusukan Besar 7LM07 MMLM002 76 66 92 61 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Rusukan Kecil 7LM06 MMLM003 74 72 92 67 69 Sederhana / Moderate
Labuan Pulau / Island Pohon Batu 7LD01 MMLD001 52 91 92 90 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Water Front 7LD02 MMLD002 73 89 93 88 67 Sederhana / Moderate
LubukTemiang 7LD03 MMLD003 50 91 93 88 59 Sederhana / Moderate
Ranca-Ranca 7LD04 MMLD004 50 90 92 90 64 Sederhana / Moderate
Nota / Note:
Rajah 4.9 menunjukkan tren status kualiti air marin Figure 4.9 displays the trend of marine water quality
bagi pulau berdasarkan IKAMM. Bilangan stesen sebagai status for islands based on MMWQI. The number of
terbaik meningkat daripada 34 stesen pada tahun 2019 stations ranked excellent increased from 34 in 2019 to
kepada 46 stesen pada tahun 2020 manakala stesen 46 stations in 2020. The number of stations considered
sebagai baik berkurang daripada 33 stesen pada tahun good, though, decreased from 33 in 2019 to nine (9)
2019 kepada sembilan (9) stesen pada tahun 2020. stations in 2020.
90
82
80
70
60
50 49 47 46
40 39
33 34 33
31
30 27
20 17
10 8 9
6 5
2 1 1
0 0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year

Rajah 4.9 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau, 2016-2020
Figure 4.9 : The Trend of Marine Water Quality Status for Islands, 2016-2020
Tahun / Year
Terbaik / Baik / Sederhana / Tercemar /
Excellent Good Moderate Poor
Rajah 4.3: Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Kawasan Pulau, 2015 - 2019
Figure 4.3: The Trend of Marine Water Quality Status for Island Area, 2015 - 2019
Pulau Tioman
Stesen Marin dalam Kategori Tercemar Marine Stations in Poor Category
Jadual 4.10 menunjukkan terdapat 18 stesen marin Table 4.10 shows the list of 18 marine stations that were
tercemar iaitu empat (4) stesen pantai, 13 stesen muara ranked poor. Of these, four (4) were coastal stations,
sungai dan satu (1) stesen pulau. Unjuran peratusan sub- 13 estuary stations and one (1) island station. Sub-index
indeks adalah dengan menggunakan skala 0 hingga projection percentages are used on a scale of 0 to
100%. Sub-indeks yang memberikan nilai 49% dan ke 100%. A sub-index of 49% and below is a benchmark
bawah dijadikan sebagai tanda aras yang ditandakan and marked in red and indicates a decline in MMWQI.
warna merah bermaksud kemerosotan pada IKAMM.
Jadual ini juga menunjukkan semua stesen marin yang The table also shows that this degradation is primarily
mengalami kemerosotan adalah disebabkan oleh due to faecal coliform (FC) parameters. In addition,
parameter faecal coliform (FC). Selain itu, oksigen terlarut dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS),
(DO), jumlah pepejal terampai, fosfat (PO4) dan nitrat phosphate (PO4) and nitrate (NO3) also have had a slight
(NO3) juga turut mempengaruhi nilai IKAMM. impact on the value of MMWQI.
Stesen muara sungai di Kuala Sungai Juru, Pulau The estuary station of Kuala Sungai Juru, Pulau Pinang
Pinang adalah stesen yang menerima kesan terbanyak was most impacted by all three (3) parameters, while the
daripada tiga (3) parameter, manakala stesen yang lain other stations were mostly impacted by one (1) or two (2)
kebanyakannya terkesan daripada satu (1) atau dua (2) parameters only.
parameter sahaja.
Pulau kecil berhampiran Kampung Paya, Pulau Tioman / A small island near Kampung Payar, Tioman Island
Jadual 4.10 : Senarai Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin dengan Status Kategori Tercemar dan Peratusan Sub-Indeks mengikut Parameter, 2020
Table 4.10 : List of Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations under the Category of Poor Status and their Sub-Index Percentages by Parameter, 2020
PERATUSAN SUB INDEKS (%) / SUB INDEX PERCENTAGES (%)
KLASIFIKASI KATEGORI
NEGERI / STESEN / LOKASI / ID STESEN / IKAMM / IKAMM / OKSIGEN AMONIA TIDAK JUMLAH PEPEJAL
STATE STATION LOCATION STATION ID MMWQI MMWQI TERLARUT / TERION / FAECAL TERAMPAI / NITRAT / FOSFAT /
CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY DISSOLVED UNIONIZED COLIFORM TOTAL SUSPENDED NITRATE PHOSPHATE
OXYGEN AMMONIA SOLID
Johor Pantai / Coastal Pantai Stulang Laut MMJC004 48 Tercemar / Poor 81 93 8 94 68 60
Johor Pantai / Coastal Hadapan HSAJB MMJC007 49 Tercemar / Poor 72 93 8 94 68 63
Johor Pantai / Coastal Pantai Lido MMJC008 44 Tercemar / Poor 75 94 8 94 71 55
Sarawak Pantai / Coastal Pantai Mukah MMQC017 49 Tercemar / Poor 99 95 8 88 46 68
Pulau Pinang Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Jawi MMPE001 38 Tercemar / Poor 52 78 8 84 90 40
Pulau Pinang Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Juru MMPE002 30 Tercemar / Poor 10 82 8 87 73 10
Pulau Pinang Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Perai MMPE005 43 Tercemar / Poor 30 92 8 92 74 89
Kuala Sungai Pinang

Pulau Pinang Muara Sungai/ Estuary MMPE007 48 Tercemar / Poor 92 99 8 43 91 93
(Balik Pulau)
Kuala Sungai Tanjung
Perak Muara Sungai / Estuary MMAE004 38 Tercemar / Poor 10 95 8 79 88 61
Piandang
Perak Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Sepetang MMAE005 48 Tercemar / Poor 74 99 8 78 63 82
Kuala Sungai Langat

Selangor Muara Sungai / Estuary MMBE004 44 Tercemar / Poor 83 93 8 86 41 88
(Jugra)
Selangor Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Klang MMBE005 35 Tercemar / Poor 10 88 8 90 83 66
Kuala Sungai Langat
Selangor Muara Sungai / Estuary MMBE006 45 Tercemar / Poor 46 96 8 90 66 77
(Lumut)
Selangor Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Selangor MMBE008 45 Tercemar / Poor 65 98 8 42 56 88
Selangor Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Tengi MMBE009 43 Tercemar / Poor 78 98 8 47 74 91
Johor Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Segget MMJE001 41 Tercemar / Poor 81 88 8 94 41 53
Johor Muara Sungai / Estuary Kuala Sungai Laloh MMJE002 42 Tercemar / Poor 10 95 8 94 90 81
Selangor Pulau / Island Lumut MMBR003 46 Tercemar / Poor 63 94 8 94 80 74

CHAPTER 4
141

PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR MARIN AUTOMATIK CONTINUOUS MARINE WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Rangkaian Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Automatik The Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring
(CMWQM) bertujuan untuk menyediakan data kualiti (CMWQM) network aims to provide near real-time
air marin hampir pada waktu sebenar bagi sepuluh (10) marine water quality data in ten (10) designated locations.
lokasi stesen yang ditetapkan.
Jadual 4.11 menyenaraikan lokasi stesen-stesen Table 4.11 lists the location of the continuous marine
pengawasan kualiti air marin automatik dan kategori water quality monitoring stations and its respective class
kelas kegunaan air marin berdasarkan SKAMM manakala categories based on MMWQS while Figure 4.10 shows
Rajah 4.10 menunjukkan lokasi Stesen Pengawasan the location of the Continuous Marine Water Quality
Kualiti Air Marin Automatik (CMWQM). Monitoring (CMWQM) stations.
Jadual 4.11: Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Automatik

Table 4.11: Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations
BIL. / LOKASI STESEN / ID STESEN / STRUKTUR / KELAS STESEN /

NO. STATION LOCATION STATION ID STRUCTURE STATION CLASS
1 Pulau Langkawi, Kedah CM01K Jeti / Jetty Kelas 2 / Class 2
2 Pulau Undan, Melaka CM02M Jeti / Jetty Kelas 2 / Class 2
3 Port Dickson, N. Sembilan CM03N Beacon Kelas 2 / Class 2

4 Tanjung Piai, Johor CM04J Beacon Kelas E / Class E
5 Tanjung Pengelih, Johor CM05J Jeti / Jetty Kelas 3 / Class 3
6 W.P. Labuan CM10S Jeti / Jetty Kelas 3 / Class 3
7 Santubong, Sarawak CM11Q Jeti / Jetty Kelas E / Class E
8 Pulau Mentagor, Perak CM12A Jeti / Jetty Kelas 2 / Class 2
9 Pulau Kapas, Terengganu CM13T Jeti / Jetty Kelas 1 / Class 1
10 Teluk Sepanggar, Sabah CM14S Jeti / Jetty Kelas 3 / Class 3

PERLIS
CM14S
CM01K
KEDAH
CM13T CM10S
P. PINANG W.P. LABUAN SABAH
KELANTAN
PERAK TERENGGANU
CM12A
PAHANG
SELANGOR
W.P. KUALA LUMPUR
W.P. PUTRAJAYA
N. SEMBILAN
CM03N
MELAKA
JOHOR SARAWAK
CM02M
CM11Q
CM04J CM05J
BASEMAP
State Boundary CMWQM Station
km
0 40 80 160 240 320 400
Rajah 4.10 : Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Automatik

Figure 4.10 : Location of Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations
CHAPTER 4
143

Pada tahun 2020, kualiti air marin menerima kesan dari In 2020, the marine water quality received impacts from
fenomena La Nina dan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan the La Nina phenomena and the Movement Control
(PKP) yang ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan untuk mencegah Order (MCO) by Government to curb the spread of
penularan wabak COVID-19. Fenomena La Nina COVID-19 pandemic. The La Nina phenomena affected
telah mempengaruhi corak hujan yang akhirnya the rainfall pattern which eventually influenced the
mempengaruhi tahap input sungai ke persekitaran degree of riverine inputs to the marine environment in
marin dalam taburan temporal dan spatial. both temporal and spatial distribution.
Kepekatan median dan purata bagi rata-rata parameter The average and median concentration of all water quality
yang dipantau dalam rangkaian CMWQM menunjukkan parameters monitored in the CMWQM network showed
pematuhan tinggi bagi setiap kelas kualiti air marin high conformance to their respective marine water quality
sepertimana yang ditetapkan dalam SKAMM. classes as stipulated in the MMWQS.
Stesen CMWQM iaitu CM11Q Santubong, CM05J Tanjung CMWQM Stations, CM11Q Santubong, CM05J Tanjung
Pengelih dan CM12A Pulau Mentagor yang terletak Pengelih and CM12A Pulau Mentagor that are located
berdekatan muara sungai dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air nearby river mouths are affected by tide. During low tide,
ketika terdapat pengaliran air sungai yang mempengaruhi influent of riverine discharge affects the water quality
parameter kualiti air. Kualiti air marin di stesen CMWQM parameters. In addition, the marine water quality of
juga dipengaruhi oleh kadar presipitasi di kawasan tersebut CMWQM stations also subject to the rate of precipitation
terutamanya ketika musim Monsun Timur Laut. in the area especially during the North East Monsoon.
Pada tahun 2020, paras oksigen terlarut yang direkodkan In 2020, the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) recorded
di kesemua stesen CMWQM menunjukkan peratusan in all the CMWQM stations showed high degree of
pematuhan yang tinggi (>90%) terhadap SKAMM conformance (>90%) to their respective MMWQS except
kecuali CM13T Pulau Kapas, CM12A Pulau Mentagor for CM13T Pulau Kapas, Terengganu, CM12A Pulau
dan CM11Q Santubong. Tahap oksigen terlarut yang Mentagor, Perak and CM11Q at Santubong. The low
rendah berkemungkinan disebabkan oleh akumulasi dissolved oxygen maybe related to the accumulation of
bahan-bahan organik di dasar laut yang mengurangkan the organic matters in the sea bottom which depleted
oksigen terlarut apabila pengaliran air laut adalah terhad the dissolved oxygen when the sea current movement
atau arus hidrologi minimum. CM11Q menunjukkan is subtle and limited or when the hydrological flow is
peratusan pematuhan oksigen terlarut yang rendah pada minimum. CM11Q reported the lowest percentage of DO
tahun 2020. CM11Q terletak di muara sungai Santubong compliance in 2020. CM11Q which is located within the
dan dipengaruhi oleh air pasang surut. Ketika air surut, Santubong river estuary is affected by tide. During low
pengaliran air di muara sungai adalah rendah dan oksigen tide, when the water flow within the estuary is low, the
terlarut berkurangan dengan cepat yang memberi kesan dissolved oxygen in the water could be depleted rapidly
kepada kepekatan oksigen terlarut yang rendah. resulting in low concentration of dissolved oxygen.
Pada tahun 2020, tidak terdapat sebarang pencemaran Throughout 2020, there was no pollution alert triggered
yang disebabkan oleh jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS). by total suspended solids (TSS). Most of the CMWQM
Kebanyakan stesen CMWQM menunjukkan pematuhan stations showed high conformance to the MMWQS in
yang tinggi terhadap SKAMM. Secara purata, kepekatan relation to their water quality objective. On average, TSS
TSS lebih tinggi di CM04J Tanjung Piai dan CM05J Tanjung concentration at CM04J Tanjung Piai and CM05J Tanjung
Pengelih berbanding dengan stesen CMWQM yang lain Pengelih were reported to be higher than other CMWQM
pada tahun ini. stations in this year.
Terdapat insiden tumpahan minyak yang dilaporkan kira-kira An oil spill incident was reported near CM03N at
15 km dari stesen CM03N Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan iaitu Pantai Cermin in October 2020, about 15km away
di Pantai Cermin pada Oktober 2020. Parameter Polycyclic from the CM03N Port Dickson. The Polycyclic Aromatic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) yang dilaporkan di stesen Hydrocarbons (PAHs) parameter reported at the station
tersebut semasa tumpahan minyak bertindak balas terhadap during the oil spill was a response to the incident; however
kejadian itu, namun tahap PAH yang dikesan masih di the level of PAHs detected was still below the stipulated
bawah standard yang ditetapkan. Oleh itu, tidak ada amaran standards. Hence no pollution alert was triggered from
pencemaran yang dilaporkan daripada stesen tersebut. the station.
Tiada amaran pencemaran yang dijana oleh rangkaian There were no pollution warnings generated under the
CMWQM pada tahun 2020. Secara keseluruhan, tahap CMWQM network in 2020. Overall, the status of marine
kualiti air marin yang dipantau di bawah rangkaian water quality monitored under the CMWQM network
CMWQM adalah dianggap baik. received was good.
Jadual 4.12 menunjukkan tahap pematuhan stesen Table 4.12 shows the status of CMWQM stations were
CMWQM terhadap kelas masing-masing pada tahun 2020. in compliance with their respective classes in 2020.
Pematuhan parameter kualiti air marin berdasarkan Compliance to the marine water quality parameters in
SKAMM bagi kesemua stesen CMWQM untuk jumlah relation to the MMWQS for all CMWQM stations for TSS
pepejal terampai dan PAH adalah tinggi (> 90%) pada and PAHs were high (>90%) in 2020.
tahun 2020.
Jadual 4.12 : Peratusan Pematuhan Parameter Oksigen Terlarut, Jumlah Pepejal Terampai dan PAH mengikut Kelas Stesen
Table 4.12 : Percentage of Dissolved Oxygen, Total Suspended Solid and PAH’s Parameters Compliance according to Their Station Classes
PERATUSAN PEMATUHAN (%)/
PERCENTAGE OF COMPLIANCE (%)
NEGERI / LOKASI STESEN / ID STESEN / KELAS / KEPEKATAN OKSIGEN JUMLAH PEPEJAL POLYCYCLIC
STATE STATION LOCATION STATION ID CLASS TERLARUT / TERAMPAI / AROMATIC
DISSOLVED OXYGEN TOTAL SUSPENDED HYDROCARBONS
(DO) CONCENTRATION SOLID (TSS) (PAHS)

Kedah Pulau Langkawi CM01K Kelas 2 / Class 2 98.93% 99.69% 100%
Melaka Jeti Pulau Undan CM02M Kelas 2 / Class 2 100% 99.95% 100%1**
N. Sembilan Port Dickson CM03N Kelas 2 / Class 2 100% 99.82% 98.94%
Tanjung Piai CM04J Kelas E1 / Class E1 99.80% 96.83% 97.61%4**

Johor
Tanjung Pengelih CM05J Kelas 3 / Class 3 100% 99.92% 100%3**
W.P. Labuan W.P. Labuan CM10S Kelas 3 / Class 3 99.99% 100% 100%2**
Sarawak Santubong CM11Q Kelas E3 / Class E3 43.91% 97.59% 97.55%3**
Perak Pulau Mentagor CM12A Kelas 2 / Class 2 78.01% 98.78% 100%
Terengganu Pulau Kapas CM13T Kelas 1 / Class 1 74.24% 99.47% 99.99%
Sabah Teluk Sepanggar CM14S Kelas 3 / Class 3 99.98% 98.93% 100%
Nota:
1
Berdasarkan data 11 bulan
2
3
4
**Data PAHs dipengaruhi oleh peratusan (%) kepatuhan berdasarkan tempoh di mana data tersedia.
Sebuah pulau di luar pantai Melaka / An island off the coast of Melaka
BAB 5
CHAPTER 5
INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN

POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY
148 BAB 5 INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN
INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN /

POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY
PENGIRAAN BEBAN PENCEMARAN POLLUTION LOAD CALCULATION
Sungai merupakan antara ekosistem utama yang Rivers are one of the ecosystems that have the
mempunyai keupayaan asimilasi untuk mengurangkan assimilative capacity to reduce the impacts from pollution
kesan pencemaran melalui proses daripada penguraian, through the processes of degradation, dispersion and
penyebaran dan pelarutan. Namun begitu, keupayaan ini dilution. However, this capacity has its limitations and
ada batas dan sekiranya ia melebihi, kemerosotan kualiti once exceeded, it will cause the quality of the river to
air sungai akan terjadi. deteriorate.
Keupayaan asimilasi sungai ini amat berkait rapat This assimilative capacity is co-related to the water
dengan beban pencemaran yang ditakrifkan sebagai pollution load which is defined as concentration of
kepekatan bahan cemar yang dibawa oleh jasad air pada pollutants carried by a body of water at a given time.
sesuatu masa yang diberikan. Beban pencemaran ini Pollution load is influenced by the water body flow
dipengaruhi oleh faktor kadar alir jasad air tersebut dan rate and the concentration of pollutants carried by the
juga kepekatan bahan cemar yang dibawa. water body.
Beban pencemaran air adalah kriteria penting bertujuan Water pollution load is one of the important criteria in
untuk mengatur strategi dan merancang tindakan prioritizing strategies and planning the mode of action for
pencegahan dan mengawal pencemaran. Pelaksanaan pollution prevention and control. The implementation
kawalan beban pencemaran air adalah usaha untuk of the pollution load control is one of the efforts to
meningkatkan kualiti air sungai demi mengekalkan enhance the river water quality in order to maintain the
pelbagai kegunaan berfaedah sungai seperti sumber beneficial uses of a river as a source of water supply,
bekalan air, rekreasi, ternakair (akuakultur), pertanian recreation, aquaculture, agriculture as well as to sustain
serta menampung keperluan sistem ekologi. the needs of the ecological system.
Punca beban pencemaran air terbahagi kepada dua Sources of water pollution load can be divided into
(2) kategori utama, iaitu punca tetap dan punca tidak two (2) main categories which are point sources and
tetap. Punca tetap beban pencemaran air adalah non-point sources. Point sources can be described as
punca-punca yang mempunyai takat pelepasan yang pollution sources that have specific identifiable discharge
boleh dikenalpasti dan tidak berubah dalam masa yang points which are unchanged over time. Sectors such as
singkat seperti sektor industri, ternakan, sistem rawatan industry, livestock and sewage treatment system fall
kumbahan dan sebagainya. under this category.
POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY CHAPTER 5 149
Manakala punca tidak tetap seperti aktiviti pertanian, Meanwhile the non-point sources such agricultural
kerja tanah, perlombongan dan kumbahan bukan najis activities, earthworks, mining, and sullage (domestic
(air cucian dapur dan bilik air selain kumbahan) tidak wastewater other than sewage such as kitchen and
mempunyai takat pelepasan yang tetap dan sering bathroom wastewater) do not have specific identifiable
berubah-ubah yang menyukarkan anggaran pelepasan discharge points and the locations are varied over time.
beban pencemaran dibuat. Kajian berkaitan beban This makes it difficult to estimate the amount of released
pencemaran di bawah kategori ini bagi Malaysia tidak pollution loads. Studies on this particular category for
banyak dibuat dan tersedia untuk rujukan buat masa ini. Malaysia are currently not widely available for reference.
BEBAN PENCEMARAN AIR WATER POLLUTION LOAD
Untuk tahun 2020, sebanyak lima (5) jenis punca For the year of 2020, this report focusses on five (5) types of
pencemaran air ditumpukan dalam pelaporan status water pollution load sources which are the manufacturing
beban pencemaran air, iaitu industri pembuatan, industri industries, agricultural-based industries, sewage treatment
berasaskan pertanian, loji rawatan kumbahan, ternakan plants, pig farming and wet markets.
babi dan pasar basah.
Sumber data industri pembuatan dan industri The source of data for manufacturing industries and
berasaskan pertanian diperolehi daripada Jabatan agricultural-based industries were provided by the
Alam Sekitar (JAS) Negeri manakala bagi loji rawatan Department of Environment (DOE) State offices while
kumbahan adalah daripada pihak operator loji seperti data for sewage treatment plants were obtained
Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. dan pihak berkuasa from Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. and the local
tempatan. Data-data berkaitan aktiviti ternakan babi authority. All data regarding pig farming were provided
diperolehi daripada Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar dan by the Department of Veterinary Services and data on
Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan pula wet markets were acquired from the Ministry of Housing
membekalkan data bilangan pasar basah. and Local Government.
Pengiraan beban pencemaran ditumpukan kepada Calculations on pollution load are mainly focused on

tiga (3) parameter utama yang memberikan kesan three (3) main parameters that show significant impact
ketara kepada kualiti air sungai iaitu Keperluan Oksigen on the river water quality, which are Biochemical Oxygen
Biokimia (BOD), Pepejal Terampai (SS) dan Ammoniakal Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids (SS) and Ammoniacal
Nitrogen (AN). Nitrogen (AN).
Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Pada tahun 2020, anggaran jumlah beban pencemaran In the year 2020, an estimated BOD pollution load of
BOD terhasil adalah sebanyak 680.75 tan/hari. Pelepasan 680.75 tonnes/day was generated. Sewage treatment
daripada loji rawatan kumbahan adalah penyumbang plants remain the largest BOD load contributor with a
beban pencemaran BOD tertinggi iaitu sebanyak total load of 401.10 tonnes/day (58.92%), followed by
401.10 tan/hari (58.92%), diikuti dengan aktiviti ternakan pig farming activities which contributed 223.08 tonnes/
babi 223.08 tan/hari (32.77%), industri berasaskan day (32.77%), agriculture-based industries 27.45 tonnes/
pertanian 27.45 tan/hari (4.03%), industri pembuatan day (4.03%), manufacturing industries 23.94 tonnes/
23.94 tan/hari (3.52%) dan pasar basah 5.18 tan/hari day (3.52%) and wet markets 5.18 tonnes/ day (0.76%)
(0.76%) (Rajah 5.1). (Figure 5.1).
Pasar Basah / Wet Market

5.18 Tan/Hari (Tonnes/Day)
Industri Pembuatan /
0.76% Manufacturing Industries
3.52%
Industri Berasaskan Pertanian /

Agricultural-based industries
4.03%
Ternakan Babi / Pig Farming
32.77%
Loji Rawatan Kumbahan /

Sewage Treatment Plant
58.92%
Industri Pembuatan / Industri Berasaskan Pertanian / Loji Rawatan Kumbahan / Ternakan Babi / Pasar Basah /
Manufacturing Industries Agriculture-based Industries Sewage Treatment Plant Pig Farming Wet Market
Rajah 5.1 : Anggaran Beban BOD (Tan/Hari) mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2020
Figure 5.1 : Estimation of BOD Load (Tonnes/Day) by Sources of Water Pollution, 2020
Beban Pepejal Terampai Suspended Solids Load
Pada tahun 2020, anggaran jumlah beban pencemaran The overall estimation in the year 2020 for SS load was
bagi SS adalah sebanyak 1373.08 tan/hari. Jumlah beban 1373.08 tonnes/day. Total pollution load from sewage
pencemaran daripada loji rawatan kumbahan berada di treatment plant shows the highest load 473.17 tonnes/
tangga teratas sebanyak 473.17 tan/hari (34.46%) diikuti day (34.46%) followed by pig farming activities with
dengan ternakan babi 463.32 tan/hari (33.74%). Industri 463.32 tonnes/day (33.74%). Agriculture-based industries
berasaskan pertanian pula adalah sebanyak 400.16 tan/hari contributed 400.16 tonnes/day (29.14%), followed by
(29.14%), industri pembuatan 29.74 tan/hari (2.17%) dan manufacturing industries 29.74 tonnes/day (2.17%), and
pasar basah 6.69 tan/hari (0.49%) (Rajah 5.2). wet markets 6.69 tonnes/day (0.49%) (Figure 5.2).

0.49% Manufacturing Industries
2.17%

29.14%

33.74%

34.46%
Rajah 5.2 : Anggaran Beban SS (Tan/Hari) mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2020
Figure 5.2 : Estimation of SS Load (Tonnes/Day) by Sources of Water Pollution, 2020
Beban Ammoniakal Nitrogen Ammoniacal Nitrogen Load
Pada tahun 2020, anggaran beban pencemar AN In year 2020, the AN load was estimated to be 280.77
adalah sebanyak 280.77 tan/hari di mana pelepasan tonnes/day in which sewage treatment plant remained
loji rawatan kumbahan adalah penyumbang terbesar the largest contributor with a total load of 231.10 tonnes/
beban AN dengan jumlah sebanyak 231.10 tan/hari day (82.31%), followed by pig farming activities with
(82.31%), diikuti aktiviti ternakan babi iaitu 27.46 tan/hari 27.46 tonnes/day (9.78%), agriculture-based industries
(9.78%), industri berasaskan pertanian 17.85 tan/hari 17.85 tonnes/day (6.36%), manufacturing industries 4.07
(6.36%), industri pembuatan 4.07 tan/hari (1.45%) dan tonnes/day (1.45%) and wet markets 0.29 tonnes/day
pasar basah 0.29 tan/hari (0.10%) (Rajah 5.3). (0.10%) (Figure 5.3).

0.10%
Manufacturing Industries
1.45%

6.36%

9.78%

82.31%
Rajah 5.3 : Anggaran Beban AN (Tan/Hari) mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2020
Figure 5.3 : Assessment of AN Load (Tonnes/Day) by Sources of Water Pollution, 2020
Beban Pencemaran Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia Biochemical Oxygen Demand Load by States
mengikut Negeri
Pada tahun 2020, anggaran penghasilan beban BOD In the year 2020, the estimation of BOD loads generated
di Johor adalah tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 155.00 tan/hari, in Johor was recorded to be the highest with a value of
Perak 110.72 tan/hari, Selangor 85.52 tan/hari, 155.00 tonnes/day, followed by Perak 110.72 tonnes/day,
Sarawak 80.82 tan/hari, Sabah 65.65 tan/hari dan Selangor 85.52 tonnes/day, Sarawak 80.82 tonnes/day,
Pulau Pinang 64.36 tan/hari. Beban BOD untuk Sabah 65.65 tonnes/day and Pulau Pinang 64.36 tonnes/day.
lain-lain negeri termasuk Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan BOD load for the rest of the states including Federal
dan Putrajaya adalah kurang daripada 22.54 tan/hari. Territory of Labuan and Putrajaya generated less than
Beban pencemar BOD mengikut negeri ditunjukkan 22.54 tonnes/day. BOD pollution load based on states is
pada Rajah 5.4. shown in Figure 5.4.
180
160
140
120
100
Tan/Hari (Tonnes/Day)
80
60

40
20
0
Perak
Sarawak
Sabah
P. Pinang
Kedah
Terengganu
Pahang
Melaka
N. Sembilan
Perlis
Kelantan
Labuan
Putrajaya
Johor
Selangor
K. Lumpur
Negeri / State
Rajah 5.4 : Taburan Anggaran Beban BOD (Tan/Hari) dan Punca Pencemaran Air mengikut Negeri, 2020
Figure 5.4 : Dispersions of BOD Load (Tonnes/Day) Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States, 2020
Beban Pencemaran Pepejal Terampai mengikut Negeri Suspended Solids Load by States
Anggaran penghasilan beban SS di Johor adalah tertinggi The estimated SS load generated in Johor was recorded to
iaitu sebanyak 558.99 tan/hari, diikuti Perak 192.61 tan/hari, be the highest with a value of 558.99 tonnes/day, followed
Selangor 142.57 tan/hari, Pulau Pinang 122.59 tan/hari by Perak 192.61 tonnes/day, Selangor 142.57 tonnes/day,
dan Sabah 105.49 tan/hari. Beban SS untuk lain-lain negeri Pulau Pinang 122.59, and Sabah 105.49. The SS load for
termasuk Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan dan Putrajaya the rest of the states including Federal Territory of Labuan
adalah kurang daripada 99.55 tan/hari. Beban pencemar and Putrajaya generated less than 99.55 tonnes/day.
SS mengikut negeri ditunjukkan pada Rajah 5.5. SS pollution loads at the state level is shown in Figure 5.5.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Perak
P. Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
K. Lumpur
Melaka
Kedah
N. Sembilan
Terengganu
Kelantan
Perlis
Labuan
Putrajaya
Johor
Selangor
Pahang
Negeri / State
Rajah 5.5 : Taburan Anggaran Beban SS (Tan/Hari) dan Punca Pencemaran Air mengikut Negeri, 2020
Figure 5.5 : Dispersions of SS Load (Tonnes/Day) Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States, 2020
Industri Pembuatan / Industri Asas Pertanian / Loji Kumbahan / Ternakan Babi / Pasar Basah /
Beban Pencemaran Ammoniakal Nitrogen mengikut Ammoniacal Nitrogen Load by States

Negeri
Anggaran penghasilan beban AN di Johor adalah The estimated AN loads generated in Johor was
tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 60.06 tan/hari, diikuti Sabah recorded to be the highest with a value of 60.06
39.41 tan/hari, Selangor 39.09 tan/hari, Perak 32.46 tan/hari, tonnes/day, followed by Sabah at 39.41 tonnes/day,
dan Sarawak 32.23 tan/hari. Beban AN untuk lain-lain Selangor 39.09 tonnes/day, Perak 32.46 tonnes/day and
negeri termasuk Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan dan Sarawak 32.23 tonnes/day. The AN load for the rest of the
Putrajaya adalah kurang daripada 18.10 tan/hari. states including Federal Territory of Labuan and Putrajaya
Beban pencemar AN mengikut negeri ditunjukkan pada generated less than 18.10 tonnes/day. AN pollution load
Rajah 5.6. based on states is shown in Figure 5.6.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020
0
Perak
Sarawak
P. Pinang
Kedah
K. Lumpur
N. Sembilan
Melaka
Terengganu
Perlis
Kelantan
Sabah
Labuan
Putrajaya
Pahang
Johor
Selangor
Negeri / State
Rajah 5.6 : Taburan Anggaran Beban AN (Tan/Hari) dan Punca Pencemaran Air mengikut Negeri, 2020
Figure 5.6 : Dispersions of AN Load (Tonnes/Day) Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States, 2020
PUNCA-PUNCA PENCEMARAN UDARA SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
Peningkatan punca industri dan bilangan kenderaan The increase in industrial sources and numbers of motor
bermotor boleh menyebabkan pencemaran udara yang vehicles could cause severe air pollution if the emissions
teruk jika pelepasan pencemar termasuk pelepasan asap of pollutants, including smoke emission, from both
daripada kedua-dua aktiviti ini tidak dikawal dengan sources are not effectively controlled.
berkesan.
Sehingga Disember 2020, jumlah punca industri yang As at December 2020, a total of 13,776 industrial
melepaskan bahan pencemar ke udara adalah sebanyak sources were emitting air pollutants. The highest
13,776. Bilangan punca pencemar yang tertinggi adalah pollution sources were in Selangor (2,867:21) followed
di Selangor (2,867:21) diikuti Johor (2,434:18) dan Perak by Johor (2434:18) and Perak (1,557:11) as indicated in
(1,557:11) seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.7. Figure 5.7.
Pada tahun 2020, terdapat peningkatan bagi jumlah In 2020, there was an increase in the overall number
keseluruhan kenderaan bermotor yang berdaftar. of registered motor vehicles. The number of registered
Bilangan teksi dan kenderaan sewa pandu sendiri yang taxis and self-driven rental vehicles increased by 4.36%,
berdaftar meningkat sebanyak 4.36%, diikuti dengan followed by an increase of 3.51% in passenger cars, 3.82%
kenderaan penumpang meningkat sebanyak 3.51%, in motorcycles, 2.31% in freight vehicles, and 0.70%
motosikal sebanyak 3.82%, kenderaan barangan in buses compared to 2019. The number of registered
sebanyak 2.31%, dan bas sebanyak 0.70% berbanding vehicles in Malaysia as reported by the Road Transport
dengan tahun 2019. Bilangan kenderaan bermotor yang Department for 2019 and 2020 is shown in Figure 5.8.
berdaftar yang direkodkan oleh Jabatan Pengangkutan The number of registered in-use (active) vehicles
Jalan pada tahun 2019 dan 2020 adalah seperti yang increased by 2.52% compared to 2019. The number of
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.8. Jumlah kenderaan passenger vehicles increased by 2.57%, taxis decreased
berdaftar yang sedang digunakan (aktif ) meningkat by 5.11% and motorcycles increased by 2.25%, while
sebanyak 2.52% berbanding dengan tahun 2019. freight vehicles increased by 4.35% and buses decreased
Bilangan kenderaan penumpang meningkat sebanyak by 8.09% compared to the respective numbers of 2019.
2.57%, teksi menurun sebanyak 5.11% dan motosikal The number of registered in-use vehicles (active) is
meningkat sebanyak 2.25%, manakala kenderaan barang shown in Figure 5.9.
meningkat 4.35% dan bas menurun 8.09% berbanding
dengan bilangan tahun 2019. Bilangan kenderaan
berdaftar yang sedang digunakan (aktif ) adalah seperti
3,000 2,867
2,500 2,434
Number of Industrial Sources 2020
Bilangan Punca Industri 2020 /
2,000
1,557
1,500 1,385
1,280
1,012
1,000 790
537 528
500 346 337
311 271
57 49 15
0
Perak
P. Pinang
Kedah
Sabah
N. Sembilan
Pahang
Sarawak
Kelantan
Terengganu
Melaka
Perlis
Labuan
Putrajaya
Selangor
Johor
K. Lumpur
Negeri / State
Rajah 5.7 : Punca Pencemaran Udara Industri mengikut Negeri Tahun 2020
Figure 5.7 : Industrial Air Pollution Sources by State in Year 2020
Bilangan Kenderaan Berdaftar / Number of Registered Vehicles
16,000,000
14,000,000

12,000,000
10,000,000 Jumlah (2019) = 30,501,890

Jumlah (2020) = 31,641,647
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
MOTOSIKAL / MOTOKAR / BAS / TEKSI DAN KERETA SEWA / KENDERAAN BARANG /
MOTORCYCLE MOTORCAR BUS TAXI AND RENTAL CAR GOODS VEHICLE
2019 14,322,379 14,706,008 62,944 115,487 1,295,072

2020 14,891,568 15,240,296 63,390 120,754 1,325,639
(Sumber: Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan, Malaysia 2020)

(Source: Road Transport Department, Malaysia, 2020)
Rajah 5.8 : Bilangan Kenderaan Berdaftar pada Tahun 2019-2020

Figure 5.8 : Number of Registered Vehicles in 2019-2020

Bilangan Kenderaan Berdaftar / Number of Registered Vehicles
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
MOTOKAR / TEKSI / BAS / KENDERAAN BARANG / MOTOSIKAL /
MOTORCAR TAXI BUS GOODS VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE
2019 11,166,702 19,696 10,886 764,358 7,356,468

2020 11,461,510 18,738 10,071 799,097 7,525,840

Rajah 5.9 : Bilangan Kenderaan Berdaftar yang Sedang Digunakan (Aktif) pada Tahun 2019-2020
Figure 5.9 : Number of Registered In-Use Vehicles (Active) in 2019-2020
BEBAN PENCEMARAN PENCEMAR UDARA AIR POLLUTION EMISSION LOAD
Beban Pencemaran Secara Menyeluruh Overall Emission Load

Dianggarkan pada tahun 2020, keseluruhan beban It was estimated that in 2020 the overall cumulative air
pencemaran yang terkumpul bagi pencemar karbon pollutant emission load was 2,307,440 metric tonnes
monoksida (CO) adalah 2,307,440 tan metrik, 935,747 tan metrik of carbon monoxide (CO), 935,747 metric tonnes of
bagi nitrogen dioksida (NO2), 292,651 tan metrik bagi sulfur nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 292,651 metric tonnes of sulphur
dioksida (SO2) dan 29,266 tan metrik bagi jirim zarahan dioxide (SO2) and 29,266 metric tonnes of particulate
(PM). Perbandingan keseluruhan beban pencemaran matter (PM). A comparison of the combined air pollutants
bagi tahun 2018, 2019 dan 2020 seperti ditunjukkan emission load in 2018, 2019 and 2020 is shown in
dalam Rajah 5.10. Figure 5.10.
Beban pencemaran bagi CO meningkat pada tahun 2020 Emission load for CO had increased in 2020 compared
berbanding dengan 2019. Pada tahun 2020, peningkatan to 2019. In 2020 the increment in CO emission load was
adalah sebanyak 3.2% bagi beban pencemar CO 3.2% and 1.1% for NO2. There was an increase of 8.3%
dan peningkatan 1.1% bagi beban pencemar NO2. for SO2 and for pollutant PM, the rise was 7.7% compared
Peningkatan sebanyak 8.3% bagi pencemar SO2 dan to 2019.
pencemar PM juga menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak
7.7% berbanding dengan tahun 2019.
Kuala Lumpur
Beban Pencemaran (Tan Metrik) / Emission Loading (Metric Tonnes)
2,500,000
2,250,000
2,000,000
1,750,000
1,500,000
1,250,000

1,000,000
750,000
500,000
250,000
0
CO NO2 SO2 PM
2018 2,210,634 889,890 257,457 26,789
2019 2,235,241 925,370 270,270 27,178
2020 2,307,440 935,747 292,651 29,266
Pencemar / Pollutant
(Sumber: National Energy Balance, 2018)

(Source: National Energy Balance, 2018)
Rajah 5.10 : Beban Pencemaran Bahan Pencemar Udara dari Semua Punca, 2018-2020
Figure 5.10 : Air Pollutant Emission Load from All Sources, 2018-2020
Punca Beban Pencemaran Emission Load by Sources
Loji janakuasa merupakan penyumbang utama kepada Power plants contributed the highest SO2 emission load
beban pencemar SO2 (63%), diikuti dengan lain-lain (63%), followed by other categories (26%), industries
kategori (26%), industri (6%) dan kenderaan bermotor (6%) and motor vehicles (5%) (Figure 5.11). As for PM,
(5%) (Rajah 5.11). Bagi beban pencemar PM pula, the highest contributors were power plants (39%)
penyumbang terbesar adalah daripada loji janakuasa followed by industries (29%), motor vehicles (12%) and
(39%), industri (29%), diikuti kenderaan bermotor (12%) others (20%) (Figure5.12)
dan lain-lain kategori (20%) (Rajah 5.12).
Penyumbang terbesar bagi NO2 adalah daripada loji The highest contributors of NO2 were power plants
janakuasa (62%) diikuti kenderaan bermotor (24%), (62%) followed by motor vehicles (24%), industries
industri (9%) dan lain-lain kategori (5%) (Rajah 5.13). (9%), and others (5%) (Figure 5.13). However, motor
Walau bagaimanapun, kenderaan bermotor masih vehicles remained the highest contributor of CO (95.7%)
merupakan penyumbang terbesar kepada CO (95.7%) (Figure 5.14). ‘Others’ in the figures represent air
(Rajah 5.14). Punca-punca bagi kategori ‘Lain-lain’ yang pollutant emission from residential, commercial and
dinyatakan di dalam rajah-rajah adalah merupakan non-energy use sources. The estimated annual air
pelepasan bahan pencemar udara dari kawasan pollutant emission loads of HC, CO, PM, NO2 and SO2
perumahan, komersial dan penggunaan bukan tenaga. from motor vehicles for 2019 and 2020 are shown in
Anggaran pencemaran yang dihasilkan oleh beban Figure 5.15.
pencemar udara daripada kenderaan bermotor iaitu
HC, CO, PM, NO2 dan SO2 pada tahun 2019 dan 2020
18,376
(Tan Metrik / Metric Tonnes)
6%
14,652
76,673 5%
26%
182,950
63%
Kenderaan Bermotor / Motor Vehicle Loji Janakuasa / Power Station Industri / Industry Lain-lain / Others
Rajah 5.11 : Punca Beban Pencemaran SO2 (Tan Metrik), 2020

Figure 5.11 : SO2 Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2020
5,764
(Tan Metrik / Metric Tonnes) 3,645
20%
12%
8,441
29% 11,415
39%
Rajah 5.12 : Punca Beban Pencemaran PM (Tan Metrik), 2020

Figure 5.12 : PM Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2020
45,010 225,369
(Tan Metrik / Metric Tonnes) (Tan Metrik / Metric Tonnes)
5% 24%
80,480 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

9%
584,889
62%
Rajah 5.13 : Punca Beban Pencemaran NO2 (Tan Metrik), 2020

Figure 5.13 : NO2 Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2020
76,243
3.30%
12,176
2,210,695
(Tan Metrik / Metric Tonnes) 0.53%
95.81%
8,326
0.36%
Rajah 5.14 : Punca Beban Pencemaran CO (Tan Metrik), 2020

Figure 5.14 : CO Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2020
2,500,000.00
Beban Pencemaran (Tan Metrik) / Emission Loading (Metric Tonnes)
2,000,000.00
1,500,000.00
1,000,000.00
500,000.00
0.00
PM SO2 NO2 HC CO
2019 3,725.31 14,479.64 222,826.30 479,222.76 2,138,950.64
2020 3,645.48 14,652.04 225,368.86 492,169.62 2,210,694.64
Rajah 5.15 : Beban Pencemar Udara dari Kenderaan Bermotor, 2019-2020

Figure 5.15 : Air Pollutant Emission Load from Motor Vehicles, 2019-2020
INVENTORI BUANGAN TERJADUAL SCHEDULED WASTE INVENTORY
Pada tahun 2020, sebanyak 7,185,227.76 tan metrik A total of 7,185,227.76 metric tonnes of scheduled waste
buangan terjadual telah dihasilkan. Ini merupakan were generated in the year 2020. This represents an overall
peningkatan sebanyak 79.04% berbanding 4,013,189.03 increase of 79.04% as compared to 4,013,189.03 metric
tan metrik yang dilaporkan pada 2019. Kategori utama tonnes reported in 2019. The main categories of
buangan yang dihasilkan adalah dros/ sanga/ klinker/ abu, scheduled waste generated were dross/ slag/ clinker/ ash,
enapcemar logam berat dan buangan gipsum (Jadual 5.1). heavy metal sludge and gypsum (Table 5.1). Selangor
Selangor menghasilkan jumlah terbesar buangan generated the largest amount of scheduled wastes
terjadual (28.51%), diikuti oleh Johor (16.83%), Negeri (28.51%), followed by Johor (16.83%), Negeri Sembilan
Sembilan (16.18%), Sarawak (6.95%), Sabah (6.45%), (16.18%), Sarawak (6.95%), Sabah (6.45%), Perak (6.11%)
Perak (6.11%) manakala sepuluh (10) negeri-negeri while the other ten (10) states generated a total of 18.97%
yang lain menghasilkan sebanyak 18.97% (Rajah 5.16). (Figure 5.16).Based on the scheduled waste generated
Berdasarkan jumlah buangan terjadual yang dihasilkan by the industries (Table 5.2), power plants generated
mengikut jenis industri (Jadual 5.2), loji janakuasa the largest quantity with a total of 2,491,477.65 metric
didapati menghasilkan kuantiti buangan terjadual yang tonnes followed by water treatment plants (1,148,834.33
tertinggi sebanyak 2,491,477.65 tan metrik diikuti loji metric tonnnes) and chemical industries (739,280.91
rawatan air (1,148,834.33 tan metrik) dan industri kimia metric tonnnes).
(739,280.91 tan metrik).
Tren pengurusan buangan terjadual dalam negara The scheduled waste management trend in the country
adalah seperti di Rajah 5.17. is as shown in Figure 5.17.
Sebanyak 714,292.11 tan metrik (9.94%) daripada jumlah A total of 714,292.11 metric tonnes (9.94%) of scheduled
buangan yang dihasilkan diperoleh kembali di dalam waste had gone through recovery process both locally
dan luar negara. Ini menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak and abroad. This showed an increase of 38.27% as
38.27% berbanding 516,585.65 tan metrik pada tahun 2019. compared to 516,585.65 metric tonnes in 2019, where
Daripada jumlah itu, 546,290.52 tan metrik (7.60%) buangan 546,290.52 metric tonnes (7.60%) of scheduled waste

terjadual diperoleh kembali di kemudahan pemerolehan was processed at local off-site facilities while 168,001.59
kembali luar tapak tempatan manakala 168,001.59 tan metric tonnes (2.34%) were exported for recovery
metrik (2.34%) telah diberi kebenaran eksport untuk process.
pemerolehan kembali di kemudahan di luar negara.
Sebanyak 214,351.09 tan metrik (2.98%) daripada jumlah A total of 214,351.09 metric tonnes (2.98%) of scheduled
buangan terjadual yang dihasilkan, dirawat dan dilupuskan wastes were treated for final disposal at Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.
di Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd (142,479.00 tan metrik), Trienekens (142,479.00 metric tonnes), at Trienekens (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd.
(Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd (31,988.77 tan metrik) dan 39,883.32 (31,988.77 metric tonnes) and 39,883.32 metric tonnes
tan metrik daripada buangan klinikal telah dibakar dan of clinical wastes were incinerated and disposed off at
dilupuskan di kemudahan luar tapak yang dilesenkan. licensed off-site facilities. This was an increase of 17.63%
Jumlah ini menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 17.63% compared to 182,220.01 metric tonnes of scheduled
berbanding 182,220.01 tan metrik buangan berjadual waste disposed in 2019. About 1,104,481.06 metric
dilupuskan pada tahun 2019. Sebanyak 1,104,481.06 tan tonnes (15.37%) of scheduled waste were treated on-site;
metrik (15.37%) daripada buangan terjadual terhasil telah while 2,983,676.57 metric tonnes (41.53%) were stored
diolah di tapak; manakala 2,983,676.57 tan metrik (41.53%) on-site at waste generators’ premises (Table 5.3).
distor di premis pengeluar buangan (Jadual 5.3).
Daripada jumlah buangan terjadual yang dihasilkan pada Of the total wastes produced in 2020, 2,168,426.92
tahun 2020, 2,168,426.92 tan metrik (30.18%) telah diberi metric tonnes (40.19%) were granted conditional
kelulusan bersyarat di bawah pengurusan khas seperti approval to be managed under special management as
yang ditetapkan di bawah Peraturan 7, Peraturan-Peraturan stipulated under Regulation 7, Environmental Quality
Kualiti Alam Sekeliling (Buangan Terjadual) 2005 (Jadual 5.4). (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 (Table 5.4).
Jumlah ini merupakan peningkatan sebanyak 44.10% This amount is an increase of 44.10% as compared to
berbanding 1,504,833.23 tan metrik pada tahun 2019. 1,504,833.23 metric tonnes in 2019. These waste streams
Buangan yang terlibat adalah kebanyakannya enap are mostly sludge from drinking water treatment
cemar logam berat daripada kemudahan rawatan air facilities (49.22%), ashes from coal-fired power plant
minuman (49.22%), abu dari loji jana kuasa arang batu (41.33%) and others (9.45%).
(41.33%) dan lain-lain (9.45%) .
Jadual 5.1 : Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan mengikut Kod Buangan Terjadual, 2020
Table 5.1 : Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Scheduled Waste Code, 2020
KUANTITI BUANGAN /
BIL / KOD BUANGAN / QUANTITY OF WASTE
NAMA BUANGAN / NAME OF WASTE
NO WASTE CODE (MT/TAHUN / PERATUSAN (%) /
MT/YEAR) PERCENTAGE (%)
1 Dros/Sanga/Klinker/Abu / Dross/Slag/Clinker/Ash SW104 3,078,454.72 42.84
2 Enap Cemar Logam Berat / Heavy Metal Sludges SW204 1,389,730.52 19.34
3 Gipsum / Gypsum SW205 528,999.01 7.36
Buangan Pelarut Organic Bukan Terhalogen /
4 SW322 310,522.69 4.32
Waste of Non-Halogenated Solvent
Campuran Buangan Terjadual dan Buangan Tidak Terjadual /
5 SW422 230,147.36 3.20
Mixture of Scheduled Waste & Non-Scheduled Waste
6 Minyak Pelincir Terpakai / Spent Lubricating Oil SW305 229,887.16 3.20
Buangan Getah atau Lateks yang Mengandungi Logam Berat /
7 SW321 200,855.67 2.80
Rubber/Latex Waste Containing Heavy Metal
8 Emulsi Minyak Mineral-Air Terpakai / Spent Mineral Oil-Water Emulsion SW307 125,285.22 1.74
9 Bekas Tercemar / Used Container SW409 116,872.80 1.63
10 Buangan Kimia / Lab Waste SW429 112,634.25 1.57

11 Enap Cemar yang Mengandungi Fluoride / Sludge Containing Fluoride SW207 111,260.04 1.55
12 Tanah/Puing Tercemar / Contaminated Land/Debris SW408 104,534.64 1.45
13 Dadah Terbuang / Expired Drug SW403 100,767.14 1.40
14 Buangan Elektronik / E-Waste SW110 94,008.90 1.31
15 Asid Terpakai / Spent Acids SW206 84,566.54 1.18
Sisa dari Pengolahan atau Pemerolehan Kembali Buangan Terjadual /
16 SW501 73,401.98 1.02
Residue from Recovery
Kain Buruk, Plastik, Kertas atau Turas Tercemar /
17 SW410 58,930.87 0.82
Rags/Plastics/Papers Contaminated with Scheduled Waste
18 Buangan Patogenik/Klinikal / Pathogenic/Clinical Waste SW404 39,883.32 0.56
19 Enap Cemar Mineral / Mineral Sludges SW427 32,401.76 0.45
20 Campuran Minyak-Air / Oil-Water Mixture SW309 28,617.42 0.40
21 Buangan Minyak atau Enap Cemar Berminyak / Waste Oil/Oily Sludges SW311 28,386.55 0.40
22 Buangan Dakwat dan Cat / Waste of Inks & Paints SW417 27,934.18 0.39
23 Buangan Kimia / Waste of Batteries Containing Cadmium/Mercury/Lithium SW103 25,561.98 0.36
Buangan Resin yang Mengandungi Pelarut Organik /
24 SW325 22,312.72 0.31
Waste of Resin Containing Organic
25 Buangan Fotografi / Photographic Waste SW423 20,514.12 0.29
26 Buangan Mangkin / Waste Catalyst SW202 19,085.41 0.27
27 Enap Cemar Dakwat dan Cat / Ink & Paints Sludges SW416 14,294.93 0.20
KUANTITI BUANGAN /
Minyak/Enapcemar daripada Loji Penapisan Minyak /
28 SW314 12,146.77 0.17
Oil/Sludges from Oil Refinery
29 Alkali Terpakai / Spent Alkalis SW401 9,966.60 0.14
30 Alkali Terpakai dengan pH ≥ 11.5 / Spent Alkalis with pH > 11.5 SW402 9,355.61 0.13
Produk Dakwat, Cat, Pigmen atau Lakuer yang Tidak Mengikut Spesifikasi /
31 SW418 8,823.77 0.12
Discarded of Ink/Paint/Pigment/Lacquer Containing Organic Solvent
32 Minyak Hidraulik Terpakai / Spent Hydraulic Oil SW306 8,189.39 0.11
33 Buangan Pelarut Organik Terhalogen / Waste of Halogenated Solvents SW323 6,333.12 0.09
Klinker, Sanga dan Abu dari Penunu Buangan Terjadual /
34 SW406 6,279.55 0.09
Clinker/Slag/Ashes from Incinerator
35 Karbon Teraktif Terpakai / Contaminated Activated Carbon SW411 6,036.75 0.08
Larutan Alkali Berair Terpakai yang Mengandungi Sianida /
36 SW414 6,009.62 0.08
Spent Aqueous Alkaline Containing Cyanide
37 Buangan Cecair Terma / Waste of Thermal Fluids SW327 3,981.38 0.06
38 Buangan Bateri Asid Plumbum / Waste of Acid Lead Batteries SW102 3,558.96 0.05
39 Asid Organik Terpakai / Spent Organic Acids SW301 3,124.69 0.04
Buangan Pelekat/Glu yang Mengandungi Pelarut Organik /
40 SW303 2,985.57 0.04
Adhesive/Glue Containing Organic Solvent
41 Campuran Buangan Terjadual / Mixture of Scheduled Wastes SW421 2,934.31 0.04
42 Sisa Berminyak dari Bengkel Automotive / Oily Residue from Workshop SW312 2,841.05 0.04
43 Buangan Mengandungi Merkuri / Waste containing Mercury/Compound SW109 1,639.51 0.02
Enap Cemar dari Tangki Penyimpanan Minyak Mineral /
44 SW310 1,276.99 0.02
Sludges from Mineral Oil Storage Tank
45 Buangan Mengandungi Formaldehid / Waste Containing Formaldehyde SW320 753.48 0.01
46 Buangan Asbestos / Asbestos SW201 749.12 0.01
Tar atau Sisa Bertar dari Loji Penapisan Minyak /
47 SW315 569.30 0.01
Tar Residue from Oil Refinery/Petrochemical Plant
48 Buangan Farmaseutikal / Discarded Drug SW405 550.89 0.01

Buangan Sisa Penyulingan Tidak Berair Terhalogen atau Bukan /
49 Waste of Halogenated or Unhalogenated Non-Aqueous Distillation SW324 535.49 0.01
Arising from Organic Solvents Recovery Process
Tanah yang Dicemari dengan Minyak daripada Penapisan /
50 SW313 528.30 0.01
Contaminated Oil from Re-Refining/Used lubricating Oil
51 Buangan Makmal / Chemical Waste SW430 392.96 0.01
52 Enap Cemar yang Distabilkan / Stabilized Sludges SW203 246.40 0.00
53 Buangan Fluks / Flux Waste SW302 227.76 0.00
Sisa dari Pemerolehan Kembali Likuor Penjerukan Asid /
54 SW106 154.83 0.00
Residue from Recovery of Acid Pickling Liquor
55 Buangan Racun Perosak / Pesticide SW425 125.95 0.00
56 Enap Cemar dari Tangki Minyak / Oil Tankers Sludges SW308 104.20 0.00
57 Diisosianat Terpakai / Spent Di-Isocyanates SW419 63.19 0.00
Produk Racun Perosak yang Tidak Mengikut Spesifikasi /
58 SW426 36.26 0.00
Off Spec Pesticide/Herbicides/Biocides
59 Buangan Fenol / Waste of Phenols/Its Compound SW319 30.63 0.00
60 Buangan yang Mengandungi Peroksida / Waste Containing Peroxides SW432 25.88 0.00
61 Agen Pengoksidaan Terpakai / Spent Oxidizing Agent SW424 22.81 0.00
Buangan daripada Operasi Pengawetan Kayu /
62 SW428 15.83 0.00
Waste from Wood Containing Heavy Metals
63 Buangan yang Mengandungi Arsenik / Waste containing arsenic SW101 13.53 0.00
64 Enap Cemar Asid / Acid Sludges SW316 12.63 0.00
KUANTITI BUANGAN /
Buangan dari Pengilangan Bahan Letupan /
65 SW431 7.32 0.00
Waste from Manufacturing/Processing or Use of Explosive
66 Buangan yang Mengandungi BFT dan TFT / Waste Containing PCB or PCT SW318 4.56 0.00
67 Enap Cemar yang Mengandungi Sianida / Sludges Containing Cyanide SW412 1.74 0.00
Buangan Sebatian Fosforus Organik /
68 SW326 1.29 0.00
Waste of Organic Phosphorus Compound
69 Sanga Kuprum / Slag Copper SW107 1.24 0.00
Garam Terpakai yang Mengandungi Sianida /
70 SW413 0.92 0.00
Spent Salt Containing Cyanide
71 Sisa dari Pemprosesan Zink / Zink Residue SW108 0.47 0.00
Minyak Pelindapan Terpakai yang Mengandungi Sianida /
72 SW415 0.19 0.00
Spent Quenching Oil Containing Cyanide
Buangan yang Mengandungii Dioksin atau Furan /
73 SW407 0.11 0.00
Waste Containing Dioxins or Furans
74 Sebatian Organologam Terpakai / Spent of Organometallic Compound SW317 0.10 0.00
Kek Tekan daripada Prapengolahan Lai Sabun Gliserol /
75 SW304 0.07 0.00
Cake from Glycerol Soap Iye
76 Enap Cemar Galvani / Galvanic Sludges SW105 - 0.00
Larutan Resap dari Tapak Pelupusan Buangan Terjadual /
77 SW420 - 0.00
Leachate from Scheduled Waste Landfill
JUMLAH / TOTAL 7,185,227.76 100.00
W.P. Putrajaya 117.81
Perlis 4,691.77
Kelantan 12,649.58
W.P. Labuan 56,019.10
Kuala Lumpur 94,675.63

Melaka 117,285.10
Kedah 159,938.00
Negeri / State
Pahang 251,160.99
Terengganu 264,373.72
Pulau Pinang 405,500.72
Perak 438,910.54
Sabah 460,170.88
Sarawak 499,488.72
N.Sembilan 1,162,393.30
Johor 1,209,293.55
Selangor 2,048,558.34
500,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,000,000.00
Tan Metrik / Metric Tonne
Rajah 5.16 : Penghasilan Buangan Terjadual mengikut Negeri 2020

Figure 5.16 : Distribution of Scheduled Waste Generated by States 2020
Jadual 5.2 : Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan mengikut Jenis Industri, 2020
Table 5.2 : Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Industry, 2020
JUMLAH BUANGAN / QUANTITY OF WASTE
BIL /
JENIS INDUSTRI / TYPE OF INDUSTRY (MT/TAHUN) / PERATUS (%) /
NO
(MT/YEAR) PERCENTAGE (%)
1 Loji Janakuasa / Power Plant 2,491,477.65 34.67
2 Loji Rawatan Air / Water Treatment Plant 1,149,834.33 16.00
3 Industri Kimia / Chemical Industry 739,280.91 10.29
4 Pengilangan Logam / Metal Refinery 571,217.58 7.95
5 Elektrik dan Elektronik / Electric and Electronic 548,348.38 7.63
6 Premis Buangan Terjadual (PYDT) / Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities 313,670.52 4.37
7 Berasaskan Getah / Rubber Base 205,709.12 2.86
8 Lain-lain / Others 195,781.66 2.72
9 Kenderaan / Vehicle 166,743.13 2.32
10 Penyudahan Logam dan Sadur Elektrik / Metal Finishing and Coating 144,852.87 2.02
11 Gudang / Warehouse 137,354.75 1.91
12 Bengkel / Workshop 107,379.46 1.49
13 Penapisan Petroleum / Petroleum Refinery 86,048.74 1.20
14 Jentera / Machinery 72,656.44 1.01
15 Fabrikasi Logam / Metal Fabrication 38,978.81 0.54
16 Kertas / Paper 37,256.60 0.52
17 Percetakan / Printing 37,198.31 0.52
18 Perubatan / Health Care Services 34,267.64 0.48

19 Plastik / Plastic 26,098.47 0.36
20 Galian Bukan Logam / Excavation Non Metal 15,932.06 0.22
21 Penapisan Minyak Makan / Edible Oil Refinery 14,802.70 0.21
22 Makanan & Minuman / Food & Drink 10,177.54 0.14
23 Kilang Kelapa Sawit (PYDT) / Palm Oil Mill 7,427.96 0.10
24 Tekstil / Textiles 7,249.40 0.10
25 Kuari / Quarry 4,436.36 0.06
26 Pembuatan Payung dan Lain-lain Industri Pembuatan / Others Manufacturing 3,647.09 0.05
27 Perlombongan / Mining 3,588.25 0.05
28 Pertanian / Agriculture 3,438.44 0.05
29 Berasaskan Kayu / Wood Based 3,382.81 0.05
30 Simen / Cement 2,747.94 0.04
31 Kilang Getah (PYDT) / Rubber Factory 1,474.18 0.02
32 Peralatan Sukan dan Permainan / Sports Equipment and Games 920.36 0.01
Jadual 5.2 : Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan mengikut Jenis Industri, 2020
Table 5.2 : Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Industry, 2020
JUMLAH BUANGAN / QUANTITY OF WASTE

BIL /
JENIS INDUSTRI / TYPE OF INDUSTRY (MT/TAHUN) / PERATUS (%) /
NO
(MT/YEAR) PERCENTAGE (%)
33 Perkhidmatan / Services 497.67 0.01
34 Makanan Ternakan / Livestock Food 428.38 0.01
35 Peralatan Pejabat dan Alat Tulis / Office Supplies and Stationery 270.87 0.00
36 Kulit / Leather 265.92 0.00
37 Rokok dan Tembakau / Cigarettes and Tobacco 146.23 0.00

Loji Pengolahan Kumbahan (IWK, Majari, PBT) /
38 94.62 0.00
Sewage Treatment Plant (IWK, Majari, PBT)
39 Loji Pengolahan Kumbahan Persendirian / Private Sewage Treatment Plant 70.19 0.00
40 Tapak Pelupusan Sanitary / Sanitary Landfill 40.19 0.00
41 Hotel / Hotel 18.88 0.00
42 Perhutanan / Forestry 7.81 0.00
43 Kilang Padi / Rice Mill 4.20 0.00
44 Perikanan / Fishery 2.00 0.00
45 Restoran / Restaurant 0.21 0.00
46 Penternakan / Husbandry 0.13 0.00
JUMLAH / TOTAL 7,185,227.76 100.00
8.0
7.19
7.0
Matrik Tan X 106 / Metric Tonne X 106
6.5
5.0
4.00
4.0
3.26
2.85 2.97 2.92 2.77 2.74
3.0
2.35 2.36
2.02 2.08
1.92
2.0 1.46
1.37 1.36 1.33 1.38 1.16
0.91
1.0 1.08 1.12 1.36 1.10 1.08
1.04 0.79 0.82 0.84
0.63
0.06 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.18 0.04
0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun / Year
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan / Total Scheduled Waste Generated
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Mengaplikasikan 4R / Quantity of Scheduled Waste Managed Using 4R
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dilupuskan Menggunakan Penunu Buangan Terjadual / Quantity of Scheduled Waste Disposes by Incinerator
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dilupuskan di Tapak Pelupusan Selamat / Quantity of Scheduled Waste Disposed at Secured Landfill
Rajah 5.17 : Trend Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual, 2011-2020

Figure 5.17 : Scheduled Waste Management Trend, 2011-2020
Jadual 5.3 : Kemudahan yang Mengendalikan Buangan Terjadual, 2020

Table 5.3 : Facilities Handling Scheduled Wastes, 2020
BIL /
KEMUDAHAN / FACILITIES (MT/TAHUN) / (MT/YEAR) PERATUSAN (%) / PERCENTAGE (%)
NO
1 Pengurusan Khas / Special Waste Management 2,168,426.92 30.18
2 Pengolahan Dalam Tapak / On-Site Treatment 1,104,481.07 15.37
Kemudahan Pemerolehan Kembali Luar Tapak Tempatan /

3 546,290.52 7.60
Local Off-Site Recovery Facilities
4 Penstoran Dalam Tapak / On-Site Storage 2,983,676.57 41.53
5 Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd 142,479.00 1.98
Kemudahan Buangan Klinikal (Penunu Buangan Klinikal,

Gelombang Mikro dan Tapak Pelupusan Selamat) /
6 39,883.32 0.56
Off-Site Clinical Waste Facilities (Incinerator, Microwave
and Secured Landfill)
7 Kemudahan Luar Negara (Ekspot) / Foreign Facilities (Export) 168,001.594 2.34
8 Trienekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 31,988.77 0.45
JUMLAH / TOTAL 7,185,227.76 100.00
Jadual 5.4 : Buangan Terjadual yang Diuruskan Di Bawah Pengurusan Khas, 2020
Table 5.4 : Scheduled Waste Managed Under Special Management, 2020
KOD METRIK PERATUS
BIL / KATEGORI BUANGAN / BUANGAN SUMBER / TAN / (%) / KAEDAH PELUPUSAN /
NO. WASTE CATEGORY / WASTE SOURCE METRIC PERCENTAGE METHOD OF DISPOSAL)
CODE TONNES (%)
Loji Rawatan
Air Minuman /
1,067,377.38 49.22
Drinking Water
Enap Cemar Logam Berat / Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari /
1. SW 204 Treatment Plant
Heavy Metal Sludge Reuse as Raw Material for Product
6,348.70 0.29
Industri / Industry
48,734.45 2.25
Coal-Fired

896,270.09 41.33 Guna Semula sebagai Bahan Mentah
2. Fly Ash & Bottom Ash SW 104 Power Plant
Pembuatan Produk / Sanitary Landfill
Industri / Industry 140,443.27 6.48
Enap Cemar Mengandungi Guna Semula sebagai Bahan Mentah
3. Flouride / Sludge SW 207 Industri / Industry 866.68 0.04 Pembuatan Produk /
Containing Flouride Reuse as Raw Material for Product
Buangan yang
Mengandungi Formaldehid,
Resin, Serbuk Epoksi SW 320, Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari /
4. Industri / Industry 663.58 0.03
Terbuang / Waste Containing 325, 418 Sanitary Landfill
Formaldehyde, Resin,
Discarded Epoxy Powder
Abu dari Enapcemar Kertas Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari /
5. SW 406 Industri / Industry 3,531.45 0.16
/ Ash of Paper Sludge Sanitary Landfill
Guna Semula sebagai Bahan Mentah
Activated Carbon Terpakai /
6. SW411 Industri / Industry 3,728.00 0.17 Pembuatan Produk /
Spent Activated Carbon
Reuse as Raw Material for Product
Guna Semula sebagai Bahan Agen
Enap Cemar Mineral /
7. SW 427 Industri / Industry 456.00 0.02 Peneutralan /
Mineral Sludge
Reuse as Neutralizing Agent
Buangan daripada Bahan
Kaedah Pembakaran /
8. Letupan Terpakai / Waste SW431 Industri / Industry 7.32 0.00
Slow Burning Method
from the Use of Explosives
JUMLAH / TOTAL 2,168,426.92 100.00
Kategori buangan terjadual yang dihantar ke premis The categories of scheduled wastes sent to the licensed
yang dilesenkan (Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. dan Trienekens premises (Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. and Trienekens (Sarawak)
(Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd.) untuk pelupusan akhir adalah seperti Sdn. Bhd.) for final disposal were sludge containing one
enapcemar yang mengandungi satu atau beberapa or several heavy metals, mixed wastes, dust/ slag/ dross
logam berat, campuran buangan terjadual, debu/ sanga/ or ash containing arsenic/ mercury and spent inorganic
dros atau abu yang mengandungi arsenik/ merkuri dan acid. Depending on their characteristics, the wastes were
asid bukan organik terpakai. Bergantung kepada ciri- either incinerated, treated physically and chemically,
ciri tertentu, buangan tersebut samada dibakar, dirawat solidified or disposed of in a secured landfill. As shown in
secara fizikal dan kimia, distabilkan atau dilupuskan Figure 5.18, most wastes sent to Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.
di tapak pelupusan selamat. Seperti yang ditunjukkan and Trienekens Sdn. Bhd. were landfilled (61%), followed
dalam Rajah 5.18, kebanyakan sisa yang dihantar ke by incineration (32%), solidification (6%) and physical
Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. dan Trienekens Sdn. Bhd. adalah ke and chemical treatment (1.0%).
tapak pelupusan (61%), diikuti dibakar (32%), solidifikasi
(6%) dan rawatan secara fizikal dan kimia (1.0%).
Solidifikasi / Solidification
6% Insinerator / Incinerator
32%
Rawatan Fizikal dan Kimia / Tapak Pelupusan Selamat /

Physical and Chemical Treatment Secure Landfill
1% 61%
Rajah 5.18 : Kualiti Alam dan Trienekens : Jenis Rawatan dan Pelupusan Buangan Terjadual, 2020
Figure 5.18 : Kualiti Alam and Trienekens : Types of Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal, 2020
AIR QUALITY
CHAPTER 1
171

172 ANNEX
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MALAYSIA

CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I IIA/IIB III # IV V
Al mg/l - (0.06) 0.5
As mg/l 0.05 0.4 (0.05) 0.1
Ba mg/l 1 - -
Cd mg/l 0.01 0.01* (0.001) 0.01
Cr (VI) mg/l 0.05 1.4 (0.05) 0.1
Cr (III) mg/l - 2.5 -
Cu mg/l 0.02 - 0.2
Hardness mg/l 250 - -
Ca mg/l - - -
Mg mg/l - - -
Na mg/l - - 3 SAR
K mg/l - - -
Fe mg/l 1 1 1 (Leaf) 5 (Others)
Pb mg/l 0.05 0.02* (0.01) 5
LEVEL ABOVE IV
Mn mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.2
Hg mg/l 0.001 0.004 (0.0001) 0.002
Ni mg/l 0.05 0.9* 0.2
Se mg/l 0.01 0.25 (0.04) 0.02
Ag mg/l 0.05 0.0002 -
Sn mg/l - 0.004 -
U mg/l - - -
Zn mg/l 5 0.4* 2
B mg/l 1 (3.4) 0.8
NATURAL LEVEL OR ABSENT
Cl mg/l 200 - 80
Cl 2 mg/l - (0.02) -
CN mg/l 0.02 0.06 (0.02) -
F mg/l 1.5 10 1
NO2 mg/l 0.4 0.4 (0.03) -
NO3 mg/l 7 - 5
P mg/l 0.2 0.1 -
Silica mg/l 50 - -
SO4 mg/l 250 - -
S mg/l 0.05 (0.001) -
CO2 mg/l - - -
Gross- α Bq/l 0.1 - -
Gross- β Bq/l 1 - -
Ra-226 Bq/l < 0.1 - -
Sr-90 Bq/l <1 - -
CCE mg/l 500 - - -
MBAS/BAS mg/l 500 5000 (200) - -
O & G (Mineral) mg/l 40; N N - -
O & G (Emulsified Edible) mg/l 7000; N N - -
PCB mg/l 0.1 6 (0.05) - -
Phenol mg/l 10 - - -
Aldrin/Dieldrin mg/l 0.02 0.2 (0.01) - -
BHC mg/l 2 9 (0.1) - -
Chlordane mg/l 0.08 2 (0.02) - -
t-DDT mg/l 0.1 (1) - -
Endosulfan mg/l 10 - - -
Heptachlor/Epoxide mg/l 0.05 0.9 (0.06) - -
Lindane mg/l 2 3 (0.4) - -
2,4-D mg/l 70 450 - -
2,4,5-T mg/l 10 160 - -
2,4,5-TP mg/l 4 850 - -
Paraquat mg/l 10 1800 - -
Notes :
* = At hardness 50 mg/l CaCO
# = Maximum (unbracketed) and 24-hour 3 average (bracketed) concentrations
N = Free from visible film sheen, discolouration and deposits
ANNEX 173
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MALAYSIA
CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I IIA IIB III IV V
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.7 > 2.7
Biochemical Oxygen mg/l 1 3 3 6 12 > 12

Demand
Chemical Oxygen mg/l 10 25 25 50 100 > 100

Demand
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7 5-7 5-7 3-5 <3 <1
pH - 6.5 - 8.5 6-9 6-9 5-9 5-9 -
Colour TCU 15 150 150 - - -
Electrical Conductivity* µS/cm 1000 1000 - - 6000 -
Floatables - N N N - - -
Odour - N N N - - -
Salinity % 0.5 1 - - 2 -
Taste - N N N - - -
Total Dissolved Solid mg/l 500 1000 - - 4000 -
Total Suspended Solid mg/l 25 50 50 150 300 300
Temperature o
C - Normal + 2 oC - Normal + 2 oC - -
Turbidity NTU 5 50 50 - - -
Faecal Coliform** count/100 ml 10 100 400 5000 (20000)a 5000 (20000)a -
Total Coliform count/100 ml 100 5000 5000 50000 50000 > 50000
Notes :
N : No visible floatable materials or debris, no objectional odour or no objectional taste

* : Related parameters, only one recommended for use
** : Geometric mean
a : Maximum not to be exceeded
WATER CLASSES AND USES
CLASS USES
Conservation of natural environment.
Class I Water Supply I – Practically no treatment necessary.
Fishery I – Very sensitive aquatic species.
Water Supply II – Conventional treatment required.

Class IIA
Fishery II – Sensitive aquatic species.
Class IIB Recreational use with body contact.
Water Supply III – Extensive treatment required.

Class III
Fishery III – Common, of economic value and tolerant species; livestock drinking.
Class IV Irrigation
Class V None of the above.

174 ANNEX
DOE WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX
SUB INDEX & INDEX RANGE

WATER QUALITY INDEX
CLEAN SLIGHTLY POLLUTED POLLUTED
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 91 - 100 80 - 90 0 - 79

Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) 92 - 100 71 - 91 0 - 70
Suspended Solids (SS) 76 - 100 70 - 75 0 - 69
Water Quality Index (WQI) 81 - 100 60 - 80 0 - 59
DOE WATER QUALITY INDEX CLASSIFICATION
CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I II III IV V
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l < 0.1 0.1 – 0.3 0.3 – 0.9 0.9 – 2.7 > 2.7
Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <1 1–3 3–6 6 – 12 > 12
Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l < 10 10 – 25 25 – 50 50 – 100 > 100
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l >7 5–7 3–5 1–3 <1
pH - > 7.0 6.0 – 7.0 5.0 – 6.0 < 5.0 > 5.0
Total Suspended Solid mg/l < 25 25 – 50 50 – 150 150 – 300 > 300
Water Quality Index (WQI) > 92.7 76.5 – 92.7 51.9 – 76.5 31.0 – 51.9 < 31.0
WQI FORMULA AND CALCULATION

FORMULA
WQI = (0.22 * SIDO) + (0.19 * SIBOD) + (0.16 * SICOD) + (0.15 * SIAN) + (0.16 * SISS) + (0.12 * SIpH)
where;
SIDO = Subindex DO (% saturation)

SIBOD = Subindex BOD
SICOD = Subindex COD
SIAN = Subindex NH3-N
SISS = Subindex SS
SIpH = Subindex pH
0 ≤ WQI ≤ 100
Best Fit Equations for the Estimation of Various Subindex Values
Subindex for DO (in % saturation)

SIDO = 0 for x ≤ 8
SIDO = 100 for x ≥ 92
SIDO = -0.395 + 0.030x2 - 0.00020x3 for 8 < x < 92
Subindex for BOD

SIBOD = 100.4 - 4.23x for x ≤ 5
SIBOD = 108 * exp(-0.055x) - 0.1x for x > 5
ANNEX 175
Subindex for COD

SICOD = -1.33x + 99.1 for x ≤ 20
SICOD = 103 * exp(-0.0157x) - 0.04x for x > 20
Subindex for NH3-N
SIAN = 100.5 - 105x for x ≤ 0.3
SIAN = 94 * exp(-0.573x) - 5 * I x – 2 I for 0.3 < x < 4
SIAN = 0 for x ≥ 4
Subindex for SS
SISS = 97.5 * exp(-0.00676x) + 0.05x for x ≤ 100
SISS = 71 * exp(-0.0016x) - 0.015x for 100 < x < 1000
SISS = 0 for x ≥ 1000
Subindex for pH
SIpH = 17.2 - 17.2x + 5.02x
2
for x < 5.5
SIpH = -242 + 95.5x - 6.67x2 for 5.5 ≤ x < 7
SIpH = -181 + 82.4x - 6.05x2
for 7 ≤ x < 8.75
SIpH = 536 - 77.0x + 2.76x
2
for x ≥ 8.75
Note:
* means multiply with
MALAYSIAN MARINE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

CLASSIFICATION
INTERIM INTERIM INTERIM CLASS
CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3
CLASS E1 CLASS E2 E3
PARAMETER (µG/L)
UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED INDUSTRY, ESTUARIES
SENSITIVE FISHERIES
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
MARINE (INCLUDING COASTAL
ACTIVITIES & COASTAL LAGOON DISTRIBUTARY
HABITATS MARICULTURE) PLAIN
SETTLEMENTS NETWORK
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) >6.0 >5.0 >3.0 >5.0 >5.0 >5.0
Suspended Solids (mg/l) 25.0 50.0 100.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
Phosphate 5.0 75.0 670.0 100.0 180.0 180.0
Nitrate 10.0 60.0 700.0 200.0 570.0 430.0
Ammonia 35.0 50.0 320.0 5.0 10.0 10.0

Mercury 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Cadmium 0.50 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chromium (VI) 0.14 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Copper 1.30 2.90 8.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Cyniade 2.00 7.00 14.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Lead 2.20 8.50 12.00 1.30 2.00 2.00
Zinc 7.00 50.00 100.00 16.00 5.00 5.00
Arsenic (III) 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00
Aluminium 27.0 27.0 55.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
TBT 0.001 0.010 0.050 0.002 0.002 0.002
PAH 100.0 200.0 1000.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Total Phenol 1.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Oil & Grease (mg/l) 0.01 0.14 5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Faecal Coliform (cfu/100ml) 70 70 70 70 70 70
Temperature (°C) ≤ 2 °C increase over maximum ambient

pH 6.5 - 9.0
Marine Litter Free from marine litter
176 ANNEX
MALAYSIAN MARINE WATER QUALITY INDEX (MMWQI) FORMULA AND

CALCULATION
MMWQI = qi DO0.18 x qi FC0.19 x qi NH30.15 x qi NO30.16 x qi PO40.17 x qi TSS0.15
whereby;
qi DO = Subindex Dissolved Oxygen
qi FC = Subindex Faecal Coliform
qi NH3 = Subindex Unionized Ammonia
qi NO3 = Subindex Nitrate
qi PO4 = Subindex Phosphate
qi TSS = Subindex Total Suspended Solids
*Salinity of the marine water quality data shall be higher than 10 ppt
BEST FIT EQUATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VARIOUS SUBINDEX VALUES
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/l

qi DO = -85.816 + 55.4768(DO) – 4.142(DO)2
If DO is less than (<) 3 mg/l, or more than (>) 10 mg/l, qi DO= 10
Faecal Coliform (FC) in cfu/100ml

qi FC = 100*EXP(-0.005(Faecal Coliform))
If FC is more than (>) 500 cfu/100ml, qi FC = 8
Unionized Ammonia (NH3 ) in µg/l

qi NH3 = 100*EXP (-0.0046(Unionized Ammonia))
If Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) is measured, convert the value into unionized ammonia.
Nitrate (NO3) in µg/l

qi NO3 = 94.8*EXP (-0.00035(Nitrate))
Phosphate (PO4) in µg/l

qi PO4 = 95.2*EXP(-0.002(Phosphate))
If PO4 is more than (>) 900 µg/l, qi PO4 = 10
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in mg/l

qi TSS = 95.8*EXP(-0.0043(Total Suspended Solid))
If TSS is more than (>) 100 mg/l, qi TSS = 20
UNIONIZED AMMONIA CALCULATION
In order to convert the concentration of total ammoniacal nitrogen into unionized ammonia,
calculate (a), (b), (c) and (d). Substitute the results into equation 1.
a. Calculation of Ionic Strength (IS)

19.9273*Salinity
IS =
(1000-1.005109*Salinity)
Salinity in part per thousand (ppt)
b. Calculation of PKa
2729.92
PKa = (0.0901821 + + IS(0.1552-0.000314*Temp)
Temperature in °C (Temp+273.15)
c. Calculation of working pH
pHsw = pH – (0.0007 x IS) – 0.131
ANNEX 177
d. Calculation of mole fraction for unionized ammonia
Mole Fraction =
equation 1:
Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) x mole fraction x 17/14
Ammoniacal nitrogen should be measured in µg/l
GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR CONVENTIONAL RAW WATER

TREATMENT (DRINKING WATER)
PARAMETER STANDARD (mg/L)
Total coliform 5000 MPN/100 ml

E coli 5000 MPN/100 ml
Kekeruhan 1000 NTU
Warna 300 TCU
pH 5.5-9.0
Suhu Normal ± 20C
Konduktiviti 1000 µS/cm#
Jumlah Pepejal Terlarut 1500
Klorida 250
Ammonia 1.5
Nitrat 10
Besi 1.0
Fluorida 1.5
Kekerasan 500
Mangan 0.2
COD 10
MBAS 1.0
BOD 6
Nitrit 0.4#
Raksa 0.001
Kadmium 0.003

Arsenik 0.01
Sianida 0.07
Plumbum 0.05
Kromium 0.05
Kuprum 1.0
Zink 3.0
Natrium 200
Sulfat 250
Selenium 0.01
Perak 0.05
Magnesium 150
Minyak 0.3
Racun Perosak (Pesticides) 0.00003-0.03*
Fenol 0.002
Nikel 0.05
Gross alpha 0.1 Bq/l
Gross beta 1.0 Bq/l
*Aldrin/ Dieldrin, DDT, Heptachlor, Methoxychlor, Lindane, Chlordane, Endosulfan, Hexachlorobenzene, 2,4,5–T, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, Alachlor,
Aldicarb, Carbofuran, MCPA, Permethrin
Class IIA, National Water Quality Standards
#Diambil dari
178 ANNEX
GROUNDWATER QUALITY INDEX (GWQI) FORMULA AND CALCULATION
To calculate the GWQI, the additive equation is used as follows:

GWQI=∑Wiqi
or
GWQI = 0.13Si(pH) + 0.17Si(Fe) + 0.17Si(E. coli)+ 0.04Si(TDS) + 0.09Si(SO42-) + 0.22Si(NO3 ) + 0.17 Si

(Phenol)
The sub-indices of all the parameters used for generating the GWQI are as follows
pH Sub Index
pH Si(pH)
<3.0 0
3–4 10 Acidic
4 – 5.5 30
5.5 – 9 100
9 – 10 30
10 – 11 10 Alkaline
>11.0 0
Iron Sub Index Total Dissolved Solid Sub Index
Si (Fe) = (1- i C/5.0) x 100 Si (TDS) = (1- Ci/3000) x 100
Si (Fe) = 0, if Ci exceeds 5.0 mg/L; Ci is the Si (TDS) = 0, if Ci exceeds 3000 mg/L; Ci is the
concentration of iron determined in the groundwater concentration of total dissolved solid determined
sample. in the groundwater sample.
Nitrate Sub Index Sulfate Sub Index
Si (NO3- ) = (1 - Ci/100) x 100 Si (SO42-) = (1- Ci/1000) x 100
Si (NO3-) = 0, if Ci exceeds 100 mg/L; Ci is Si (SO42-) = 0, if Ci exceeds 1000 mg/L; Ci is

the concentration of nitrate determined in the the concentration of sulfate determined in the
groundwater sample. groundwater sample.
Phenol Sub Index E. coli Sub Index
Si (Phenol) = (1- Ci/0.015) x 100 Si ( E. coli ) = (1- C i/5000) x 100
Si (Phenol) = 0, if Ci exceeds 0.015 mg/L; Ci is Si (E. coli) = 0, if Ci exceeds 5000 MPN/100ml; Ci

the concentration of phenol determined in the is the MPN E. coli measured in the groundwater
groundwater sample. sample.
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR
Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air
Aras 1 - 4, Podium 2 & 3,

Wisma Sumber Asli,
No.25, Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4,
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,
62574 Putrajaya,
Malaysia.
www.doe.gov.my

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Status of Groundwater Quality Index for Agriculture

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU), kualiti udara

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Based on the Air Pollutant Index (API), the overall

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

KUALITI UDARA / AIR QUALITY

PENGAWASAN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Jadual 1.1 : Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU)

STATUS KUALITI UDARA /

STATUS KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY STATUS

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Lembah Klang Klang Valley

Rajah 1.2 : Status Kualiti Udara, Lembah Klang 2020

Nota: Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian

Rajah 1.2(a) : Bilangan Hari Tidak Sihat, Lembah Klang, 2010-2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Wilayah Utara Northern Region

Wilayah Selatan Southern Region

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

300 287 287 281

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Rajah 1.6 : Status Kualiti Udara, Sarawak, 2020

Rajah 1.7 : Status Kualiti Udara, Sabah dan Labuan, 2020

TREN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY TREND

Jadual 1.2 : Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

µg/m3 350 350 300 250

HABUK HALUS (PM10) PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)

Rajah 1.8 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Habuk Halus (PM10), 2010-2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline For PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m³

OZON ARAS BUMI (O3) GROUND LEVEL OZONE (O3)

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Rajah 1.9 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3), 2010-2020

SULFUR DIOKSIDA (SO2) SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

Rajah 1.10 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), 2010-2020

NITROGEN DIOKSIDA (NO2) NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)

Rajah 1.11 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2), 2010-2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

Kepekatan (ppm) / Concentration (ppm)

Rajah 1.12 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Monoksida (CO), 2010-2020

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO O3

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

PM2.5 NO2 SO2 CO O3

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REPORT 2020

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

KUALITI AIR SUNGAI / RIVER WATER QUALITY