Yr 10 Maths 5.3 Ch9 9.04 Trigonometric Ratios The hype potenvse is the longest side and is opposite the r ight angle. The opfosit® "side faces the marked angle The adjacent side is next to the angle. ah A The trigonometric ratios are: sine sind = ah soh ° cosine cos = a coh f tangent tan - Use [Jon calculator to change d degrees to and from degrees/minutes/seconds. ‘eg Change 58°19" into decimal degrees to 3d. p. serio’ = 58 BE 19 BEEN EE- ¢ 3-37 eg Change 45.236" into degrees and minutes. 5.236 EGE) 45° \4' eg Write sin 38°14" correct to 3 decimal places. sin38°L Gb: BE). BM -0 619 91 Find the value of each pronumeral, to one d. p. . | cosQ = We 45.236" cos 38°26! 1S om W=1S*6 cos 35*2¢' FIZ Tae 212+T on (Vdp.) » 2a sin = ee e \ sin ra Fam ZEnb18° 12-460 : 13 Oem (ldp.) Remember to use E4{(for inverse) to get the angle. eg If tan @ = 0.348 find @ to nearest minutes. o- GB Eos4s - @ = tan”'(0-246)= 19! igonometry notes @g Find @ in degrees and minutes if cos @ = 0.675. o= G3 oe7s BE - Ea @ cos” (0-616) = 47°33! —— 4 [Adegree = = 60 minutes, J miav 18 = 60 seconds eq Round off tothe nearest minut: 231222'= 23°12! sors¢'gn’= S9'35! 16°54'30'= \L°SS e92 Find 0 correct to nearest minute tan * of and = - Pen O= tan (a) Haw) + $8661 4 65°34! eg Find the vous of 0 in degrees and minutes. cos * “yay COB SS, 13 cos! (2% 3) = 37-390, % 37°23! Angles of elevation / depression Thea ngle of elevorki mn is the angle from horizontal looking up The angle of depression is the angle from horizontal looking down . Problems involving angles of elevation and depression usually require the t) ratio. We often use alternate angles to assist. eg3 The angle of elevation from a yacht 190 m out to sea, to the top of a cliff is 18°. Find correct to one decimal place the height of the cliff. band = “Ned fan 8 = Yad h He 190 fanlt S 6-13... 2 6 Tmy (dy) 140m94 A pilot flying at 2400 m saw a life raft in the sea at an angle of depression of 18°. Calculate the horizontal distance from the plane to the life raft, correct to the nearest metre. po tono> EY, SE altoal tang = aad 24400 Lsequl x= Aan? “eR = 1386-44 2 71386 m (nearest mn) eg A bird on top of an 8 m tall tree looks down at a possum 3.5 m out from the base of the tree. Find the angle of elevation to the nearest minute. tanb = Wed tan > Fm ortan’' (As) fe 266-31 2 66°22’ Bom 9.02 Bearings www.geogebra ocgin/aup447oy MOL 4208 oan Compass bearings are the 16 directions along ww, the compass rose: Pe or they are angles from North or Sovrh then turning East or West eg Sketch bearings NNW, N30°E, and S70°;W. IN NBOE WN w w —& Is ow f Is Write NNW another way: N 22+S* True bearings (or 3 figure bearings) measure angles clockwise from Nor'{.._ It always uses 3 figures by adding zeros in front if needed. eg 070° eg(5) Write the three figure bearing from O . oy hearny=A0 +1. a =107" x co _ bearing = 3668-43 al = 31° w bewang = Jo"- 38% = > ©S2° nN ne) a bearing of 160° from A. ' What is its compass bearing from A?! 8 bean) = _s 20° E eg7 A plane leaves a town and remains on a bearing of 122° for 260 km. a) How far south of the town is the plane, correct to one decimal place? Let d> Aistance South SCP = 18Q -122> SES cos = Aye cosSB = G0 A= 260 ws S® 2137-77 137-@ kml dp.) eg(6) Sketch point B on a compass rose if B has ted -168 220% Wso-122 okey b) What is the bearing of the town from the plane? bearing =1¢0 +120 yon aoe ole Lor beara = 360 <8 6 _ =20¥ ae 9. orem and trig in 3D ‘MOL 4294/4205 ‘eg8 A wooden box has the shape << of a rectangular prism with dimensions 18 om, 8 cm, and 4 om. a) Find, correct to one decimal place, the length of the longest pencil that can lie flat in the base of the ei I> 13 Pythac box. Oa the base oaths Sete « 88 C7 38R 219-697 Peng) 2 19-7 om Qay.)b) Find, correct to one decimal place, the length of, the longest diagonal of the box. | n ton diagonal “Ad \ ‘ ae . = 388+Ib = 404 A: Ya04 = 20-099 Alem C1 dp) c) Find, correct to the nearest degree, the angle the longest diagonal makes with the box’s base. Fem) diag can __tang = Ray = ‘“Asae | ©: ton? (*Arzee ) | — £1.47. # WP (nearest deg) Directions in 3D drawings up’ w E s €99 A 100 m high flagpole is observed from two different locations. From point 4, due south of the flagpole the angle of elevation of the top of the flagpole is 35°; from point B, due east of the flagpole the angle of elevation is 22°. Find, correct to the nearest m, the distance between A and B. In AACE Aw tan 3s’= op ma on: “tans In Aor oo ‘ ton 22 ae 08 = ANT aaa Shape sn_ BAO os as} (Ban) =_B1 656 AB = 816s = 285-166... A Wem (wo _neasesk wn ) | | sina COS ie 8), cose 9.04 Complementary relations/exact values Complementary Angles (“co” angles) ‘co" trig functions are complementary (add to 40°) In AABC, if 2B = 6, then 2A = 10-6 sind = if sin(90° 6) 4 cos8 = a Xeno -A= ie sm(aé-0) eg sin 50° — cos 40° = cos (0-SC)~cos4 © =O egi0a If sin35 = cosa, find a. sins = cos G-35) = cos SS te de Sst eg10b If P +Q = 90 and sing = +, find cos P. sinQ= gee -Q) "= cs P * COs P= eg If sinx = 45, find cosx and tanx 0 6 ce CATTH ist =8 Exact Trig Ratios ONG x 2 v T 8 o | 30 | 48 jeo | 7 : sind Ale lei os] |S le [4 ]o taro] o |g | 1 [V3 |vndeFeg11 Find the exact value of each pronumeral. x +» tanoe = 73 X= 12# fan6r . 2123 = b cos 0° Q- 38° 8 9.05 The trigonometric functions —_ WoL. 6559 ‘Assuming the radius of the circle is 1 (hyp = 1 ) So sind is the \) coordinate and cos 0 is the coordinate. This continues as the are become a full unit circle. The angle 6 is the angle from the positive axis in the ant) -olockw)ice direction For angles > 90°. The unit circle has four quadowt_ of “10 4 quad = © to IO". 2% quad = 40" ~ Wet 3 quad = 180" to 270" 4% quad = 270" 360" We relate each angle > 90° back to an angle in the ‘st quadrant. The sign of trig ratios in other quadrants may benegedhiv Ror poste MOL 4297 AST C_ tells when the trig ratio of the angle is te. All Statoas — Te Conker! We then add/subtract the angle to/from 180° or 360° to get an angle between Q and 0° 1 A ants § Angle = 180°— 6, or @ = MT Angle = 180° + 6, or @ a": Angle = 360° - 6, or @ eg Find all quadrants where: a) sine >0 b)cosa<0 ¢) tan6 <0 and cos@ > 0 e912 Given sina = = and cosa find tana. eg Find the exact value of tan 330° | 1 \ ~ / eg14a Find the exact value of sin 120° @g14b Find the exact value of tan 135°) bane > O. _ © 20, cosPa tang 0_Guod|q2 b) cos0 <0 Quods 2¢3 ©) tand < 0 and cos0 > 0 Quad 4 3 Given that sina = = and cos =——, find = vi vi3 eg Find the exact value of tan 330°) ton 330° = + tan(360-34 tan 30 te] be cco eg Find the exact value of sin 120° = + sm (I€6 20) _ = sm6o sia = T |e eg Find the exact value of tan 135° 2=tenleo-ws) ], tonto =f ¥ iz ‘eg Find the exact value of sin 225° = - sm (225-120 ) eg Find the exact value of sin 270° sm (270-180 = =sm40 = eg Simplify cos (180"+ x) cosGg0 +X) =— cos iv04x0 ) = =Cos OC Angles > 360 are calculated by going around the circle more than once and so repeating the values. Subtociny) 360° from any angle gives the same value of the trig ratio. eg sin420 = sin(420-360) = 5) CO = &. eg Find the exact value of cos 510" casStO= cos(S10-360)- Ja =cesico —=-ceslgo-o) NU fe 2 = cost =Feg if sing=-2 and cos x>0 find the value of tanx and cosx S|A Foe siniO_s.2 m O14 O3 SyJA the (QL: a In @3:X+ 60-180: -|20° 2. X= 60° we - 120° **eg Solve 2sin2x-1=0 for 0° < x< 360" Sin 2 zt A ——o Ss OLAS BOOD OE 2S TM ate sm2U 70 2,24 in OI Is @ In@\: 2X30 ah In. O23 2X= 18d -BO = WO 2 KTS \o OS 3 220 2198? WO: 24 = 360 NSD= S10 /, a 2HS* a KEISP TSS WAST 2OE Check: sm30= cals sa3VO> smcio> / See 11 Maths in Focus Ch 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.89.07 The sine rule ~ for sides The basic trig formulas use right angled triangles. For finding sides. or asg\®4_ in non right angled triangles we have two tools the sine and cosine rules. In both formulae the side (lower case letter) is opfC*!'® the angle (ratering upper case letter) ce 2 Sine rule: (2 sides opposite 2 angles) ran sides Finding angles: sit. cms. mC za “ Sne™ Enc a” bc i hz bemc 2. osm = bsmC € enc ee Sami \ ody SA? «. Baa? Se eg Find the value of x to 1 decimal place. a sa ~ x smd SOR — 107 ‘ t* sin 7992" 0-7 sing “at A292! = TAL 87S em eg Fir the value of yto 1 decimal pave. & aie Tore sin® __LE= 1€0°-70°=110° 9.08 TI for anales eg Find the value of 8 in degrees and minutes. sok sin O_o " sinQ@ _ sinS6Pil 61 __ #3 _ 6 Tein Berl” s sia® = zs 8 zea : ) When using the sine rule the calculator will only find acute angles. For obtuse angles you need to find the supplement of the acute angle. eg Find the obtuse angle @ in degrees and minutes. sit Sin® ow sad _ sin SF we sinQ = o = sa = 36-416", smce Q is cblwe Q189°-36-4N. A 143°C! eg In ADEF, 2D = 42°, d= 5 cmandf =7 cm. Find ZF correct to the nearest degree. cat. sine Z snk 7 s . Tsm4u 7 ‘S usmlfs efesm'( ) D 4 F = OVS. 376° Smee 2€ could be cbhise 2F = 70° or llo*9.09 The cosine rule ~ for sides A Cosine rule: (3 sides and 1 angle) Finding sides: ar=b+c-2be ca Finding angles: br+cr-o" cos RS She Proof 4 oe = . = cosC = & sbec @ InAAcD + v*+ p= b* © In AABD: (a- xy pis co ate Dak AEP zc o Sub@ mb®: a* -20%0 + b*=¢ J. a? -2abcosC+b*=c* =oartbt-2abcocC “Cc Sawiladly a? = b'tc*-2be cos A _ eg Find the value of x , correct to the nearest whole number. * sé ate b's" -2be cos : at's $6" 6:4*-206-G 46-4 *605 [12°32 =99-18,, AWE. 210 unis 9.10 The cosine rule — for angles eg Find 6 in degrees and minutes. tact eg Siu pe in igaroes and minutes. cash = abe St+ G1* 8-4" as = oe ye a A=os'C ” = lOxgS 210348" 9.11 Area of a triangle Area =Sabsinc LX. (2 sides and included angle) Proof: h sinC cao he asm A=tbh slebsacac © =tabsmc 4 Find the area of AABC correct to 2 decimal places. Aztalosnc od na anseesininesg! ENGIS A NS 2 vaits* awe ‘eg Find the exact value of x if area AABC =8y2 A X= (Br (x20) FANT onits Ae X olbsme ei = A R404 SAT Cheb QA *2 = b= oxy S3e9.12 Sine and cosine rule problems eg A ship sails from Sydney for 200 km on a bearing of 040°, then sails on a bearing of 157° for ésnN= 180-40 = 140° ESAB +360 140 B4sken ST = OF 6 How far from Sydney is the ship, to nearest km? at =b*4c7~2be cach (XC = 200°+346*- 24200 4845" x Cos 63 7 96374.3... =\V63T4-3... = 310 lem ‘What is the bearing of the ship from Sydney, to the nearest degree? sinh sin an smo Bagembs smQ 7 310 — oesm( " ) = @2-67... ¥ 83° bearing — 40+23 = 123° C eg Find the value of k, correct to one decimal place. Chats b= 2ol CasC__84km km Ee eahiina’ aeeaened oo aim le = 3:88. - b= (e88... = 709... %BOm eg Find the value of 8, correct to the nearest minute. 8 su sub a” ob “smo | sm 7 “se Semel 2 smO = aT onsm' (Co) __ 2 48°20 2 A8%2’