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Lecture 06

The document discusses electric circuits that contain combinations of series and parallel components. It provides examples of how to calculate total resistance, current, and voltage values for various series-parallel circuits. It also discusses internal battery resistance and how it affects voltage measurements. Key steps include identifying series and parallel elements, using formulas to simplify circuit components into single resistances, and then applying Ohm's law to solve for total current, individual branch currents, and voltage drops.

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amit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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47 views28 pages

Lecture 06

The document discusses electric circuits that contain combinations of series and parallel components. It provides examples of how to calculate total resistance, current, and voltage values for various series-parallel circuits. It also discusses internal battery resistance and how it affects voltage measurements. Key steps include identifying series and parallel elements, using formulas to simplify circuit components into single resistances, and then applying Ohm's law to solve for total current, individual branch currents, and voltage drops.

Uploaded by

amit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Circuits

Series-Parallel
Series - Parallel Circuits
 Circuits may contain a combination of
series and parallel components
 Being able to recognize the various
connections in a network is an important
step in analyzing these circuits
Series - Parallel Circuits
Finding RTotal

1/Req=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+1/R4
Example:

Find Rab
Example:

Find Rab for the circuits shown below


Example
Find IT and RT for the two circuits shown
Internal Resistance
Batteries do have a resistance, called the internal
resistance. The consequence of this is that the
potential difference which is measured across the
terminals of a battery is higher when the battery is
not connected to an external circuit than when it is
connected to such a circuit.
If a voltmeter connected to a battery with an internal
resistance of 2 Ω reads 12 V when the battery is not
part of an external circuit, what will the voltmeter
read when a 10 Ω resistor is connected across the
terminals?
Example
Find RT , IT and V for the circuit shown below

The total resistance of the circuit is


Rtot = 2 Ω +10 Ω = 12 Ω.
The current flowing through
Find I and the
T T R circuit is
I = V/R = 12 (V)/12 (Ω) = 1 A.
We are measuring the potential difference across
the 10 Ω resistor. In other words, the voltmeter will
read 10 V.
V = IR = 1 (A) x 10 (Ω) = 10 V
Calculate the total resistance in
the circuit below
3Ω 2Ω  Rtot = 3 Ω + 2 Ω = 5 Ω

6Ω 4Ω Rtot = 6 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω

Rtot = 3 1/3 Ω
+ -

1/Rtot = 2/10 Ω+ 1/10 Ω = 3/10 Ω


Example
For the circuit shown below:
Find
 Sol:
Rtot = R1 + 4 Ω + R4 = 5 Ω + 4 Ω + 6 Ω
= 15 Ω
Itot = ΔVtot / Rtot
= (60 V) / (15 Ω)Itot
= 4 Amp
Itot = I1 = I4
= 4 Amp
I2 = I3 = 2 Amp
ΔV1 = I1 • R1 = (4 Amp) • (5 Ω)ΔV1 = 20
VΔV2 = I2 • R2 = (2 Amp) • (8 Ω)
ΔV2 = 16 VΔV3 = I3 • R3 = (2 Amp) • (8 Ω)
ΔV3 = 16 VΔV4 = I4 • R4 = (4 Amp) • (6 Ω)
ΔV4 = 24 V
Example:
Analyze the following circuit and determine
the value of the total resistance.

For parallel-connected resistors:


1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1 / (12 Ω) + 1 / (6 Ω) = 3 / (12 Ω)
Req = 4 Ω
For series-connected resistors:
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 = 3 Ω + 6 Ω + 4 Ω + 5 Ω
Req = 18 Ω
Example:
In the following circuit calculate the total
current ( IT ) taken from the 12v supply.
The resultant resistance for series combination
would therefore be:
RA = R2 + R3 = 8Ω + 4 Ω = 12 Ω
So we can replace both resistor R2 and R3 above
with a single resistor of resistance value 12 Ω
So our circuit now has a single resistor RA in
“PARALLEL” with the resistor R4. Using our resistors in
parallel equation we can reduce this parallel
combination to a single equivalent resistor value
of R(combination) using the formula for two parallel
connected resistors as follows.

Rcombination = RA//R4
=6Ω
The resultant resistive circuit now looks something
like this: 1 R = 6Ω

R( A B ) = Rcomb + R1
=6Ω+6Ω RCombination= 6Ω
= 12 Ω.
Example:
Find the equivalent resistance, REQ for the following
resistor combination circuit. Find the equivalent
resistance, REQ for the following resistor
combination circuit.
Example:
Find RT
Sol:
FIRST: Identify elements in series and elements in
parallel
 20Ω, 30Ω, and 8Ω are in parallel
 This parallel combination is in series with 2Ω and 6Ω

   
 1   1 
R234       4.8
 1

1

1   1

1 1
 
R  
 2 R3 R4   20 30 8 
SECOND: Simplify and redraw the circuit

RT  2  4.8  6  12.8 
Example:
vo(no load)=4 V
vo(load)=3 V
Find RL
Determine the Rbc , I and P in 100 Ohm of
this network if Vbc = 10V
Example:
Determine ITOT, I1, I2, Vab
Example
Find the indicated currents and voltages
for the network shown

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