Самостійна робота №

I Тема: Використання комп’ютера в медицині.

II Питання, які треба опрацювати:
1. Make a list of all the applications of computers you can think of which are
related to medicine and patient care.
2. A new way to communicate for stroke victims.
3. Stroke victims : computers that cares.
4. New technology comes to the rescue of stroke victims.
III Завдання до тексту:
1. Read the text and to understand its main idea.
2. Decide which of these titles best sums up the content of the text.
3. Read this summary of the text and fill in each gap with an appropriate word.
Методичні вказівки:
IV Методичні вказівки:
1.Студенту потрібно звернути увагу на вживання комп’ютерної термінології та
розвивати навички перекладу та розуміння тексту.
2. Навчити студента логічно та послідовно давати стислу інформацію по темі.
3. Студент зможе поширити свій кругозір з питань щодо використання
комп’ютерів в освіті.
V Література: English for Computing (Oxford University), роздатковий матеріал.
VI Ця робота буде перевірятися на заняттях та при написанні КМ.
 Computer in medicine
I. Start-up
Make a list of all the applications of computers you can think of which are related
to medicine and patient care.

II. Reading
Elleen Carleton has whimsical talent for hand signals. When the 65-year-old
stroke victim draws a vertical line in the air , her family knows she is referring to a
very slim friend of her son.
But a lexicon of hand gestures- no matter how inventive=and few dozen words
left in Carlengton’s vocabulary following her stroke are inadequate for conveying
even the most basic wishes, observations, or questions to her family. Through a
pilot study at a school of Medicine, however, Carleton has learned to
communicate using a specially designed computer program that has restored not
only her ability to express herself, but also, family members and therapists say,
her enthusiasm for life.
The stroke that Carleton suffered in 1985 damaged the portion of her brain
where words and speech are processed, leaving her with a condition known as
aphasia, or the inability to use language. While she is able to comprehend much
of what people say to her, she cannot formulate her thoughts into coherent
phrases or sentences.
Using the computer program, she can selects from hundreds of pictures that
represent people, objects, actions and descriptive qualities and arrange them in
sequence to communicate thoughts, obviating the needs to use words.
“When Eileen first entered the study, she depended on her husband Steve to
figure out what she wanted to say from the gestures and facial expressions. All
she could say was, “Come on! You know!”, with increasing frustration, said Dr.
Chery! Goodenough Trepagnier, associate professor of rehabilitation medicine.
The computer program used in the Tufts study was developed in conjunction
with the Palo Alto, California, veterans Administration Centre and grew out of
research in the 1970s at the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital.

“Researchers has found that chimpanzees, whose brains lack specialized language
centers, could engaged in a kind of communication using plastic tokens that
represent different objects and actions. We Wondered whether aphasics – whose
language processing areas are damaged – could benefit from the same idea”.
On small cards, researches drew symbols representing different people,
objects, and actions and trained aphasic patients to select and arrange the cards
to form statements or questions. By selecting cards showing a woman, a person
walking, a store, and a chicken, for example, an aphasic patient could ask his wife
to go to the grocery store to buy some poultry.
“ Some patient become quite adept at using the cards”, Dr. Trepangnier said.
“But as the number of cards increased, it became awkward and time-consuming
to find the right card and then put them back in the right order. Patients find the
cards too cumbersome and didn’t use them at home”.
In the mid- 1980s, however, a computer program was developed that, like the
cards, used pictures represent ideas, but was easier to use. With the program,
aphasic patient could select from hundreds of pictures simply by moving the
computer mouse. Dr. Trepagnier was among the first researches to test the new
software on aphasics.
“At first, there was a great deal of doubt over whether aphasics would be able
to use computer” , Dr.Trepagnier said. “But we found that many took to the
computer quite easily. As they became more proficient on the computer, some
showed gains.

Encouraged by the results thus far, Dr. Trepagnier will study ways of expanding
the computer program s capabilities. For unknown reasons, many aphasics have
more trouble conceptualizing verbs than nouns. Making the intellectual
connection between a picture of a sailboat is easier than connecting a picture of a
boy running. Trepagnier hopes to overcome this difficulty by designing a program
that enables patients to see computer images in motion.

Vocabulary
Whimsical –fanciful, highly imaginative
Lexicon – vocabulary
Dozen – about twelve
Stroke – sudden attack of illness in the brain, causing loss of speech and
movement
Took to – developed an ability with
Passed away – died
III. Decide which of these titles best sums up the content of the text.
1. A new way to communicate for stroke victims.
2. Stroke victims : computers that cares.
3. New technology comes to the rescue of stroke victims.

IV. Read this summary of the text and fill in each gap with an appropriate word.
Eileen Carleton’s life has been completely transformed by Dr. Trepagnier”s
computer program. Whereas she used to be entirely _________ on her husband
to deduce what she wanted to say, now she is able to _________ her own ideas.
Before, she had to hope other people would _________ what she was thinking.
Now she is ________ of starting a conversation with others.
Dr.Trepagnier”s program was _________ from research on symbolic
communication by chimpanzees, which ___________ specialized language areas
in their brains. As these language-processing areas are also known to be _______
in human aphasics the same idea of using visual symbols to represent different
people, objects, and actions was thought likely to be effective. Using cards to
show these symbols proved _________ for most patients, but the introduction of
computer technology has greatly ________ the use of the system by aphasics,
whose lives have been immeasurably ________ since the invention of this
program.
V. Each of the following sentences from the text is followed by two paraphrases.
Decide which paraphrase ( a or b )is closer in meaning to the original comment.
Remember the look at the comments in their original context.
1. But a vocabulary following her stroke are inadequate for lexicon of hand
gestures- no matter how inventive- and the few dozen words left in Carlenton’s
conveying even the most basic wishes, observations, or questions to her family.
a Eileen Carleton’s hand gestures and words are not clear enough to allow her
thoughts to be understood.
b Eileen Carleton does not have enough hand signals and words to express her
thoughts.
2. While she is able to comprehend much of what people say to her, she cannot
formulate her thoughts into coherent phrases or sentences.
a Eileen understands quite a lot of people are saying to her and knows what she
wants to say. However, she cannot translate her thoughts into understandable
messages.
b Eileen finds it difficult to choose the right words and sentences to express
herself while she is concentrating on what people are saying to her.
3. As they became more proficient on the computer, some showed gains in their
overall self-confidence, as well.
a Some people found that their growing confidence about using the computer
made them generally more self-confident.
b The more people used their computer. The more self-confident they became.
4. It’s hardly an exaggeration to say that the program transformed Carleton’s life.
a The program changed Carleton’s life in some respects.
b The program completely changed Carleton’s life.
VI. Match each word in the left with the appropriate synonym on the right.
1 inventive a deduce
2 inadequate b awkward
3 select c take part in
4 obviating d depressed
5 figure out e insufficient
6 engage in f completely changed
7 cumbersome g skilled
8 proficient h creative
9 transformed i choose
10 despondent j removing