Object Oriented Programming

Vs
Procedural Programming

by A. A. B. C. B. Adhikari
UOW number: 16280809
IIT number: 2015138
Module code: 4COSC008C
Module Name: Computer Science Practice
Email:[email protected]
Tutorial Number: Tutorial 03

Date: 11/11/16
Introduction
I will discuss about the differences of Object Oriented Programming and Procedural
Programming Paradigm. Moreover, I will discuss about each programming paradigm
separately and I will give a brief explanation for each one of them.
There are several programming paradigms but two of the most important methods
are Object Oriented Programming and Procedural Programming Paradigm. Consequently,
this report will compare Object Oriented Programming and Procedural Programming
Paradigm.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object Oriented Programming or OOP is a programming paradigm that uses the
concept of classes and objects to construct models based on the real world surrounding. An
object is a constituent of a program that recognizes how to execute certain actions and how
to interrelate with other elements of the program (study.com, 2003). Objects are the
foundation of object-oriented programming. An object-oriented program uses a set of
objects, which will communicate by sending and receiving messages to request services or
information. A class is a collection of objects with similar properties and behaviours (aka
methods). A method (behaviours) in OO (Object-Oriented) language is like a procedure in
procedural language. Finally, an object or a collection of objects (class) attempts to
complete its goals (goals such as displaying ‘hello world’ on to the screen) by
communicating by swapping messages. In fact, displaying ‘Hello World’ is a method.
Some examples for Object-Oriented Programming languages include Java, C#.NET,
C++, Python and Perl.

Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming languages follow a sequence of instructions and conveys it
to the computer. Procedural programming depends on procedures. As procedural
programming language follows a method of solving problems from the top of the code to
the bottom of the code, if a change is required to the program, the developer has to change
every line of code that links to the main or the original code.
If the user wants to code a program, they would have to follow a sequence of
instructions and thereby enter the instructions. In addition, we can say that when a problem
is need to be fix using procedural programming, the developer will start with the problem
(procedure) and then he logically fragment the problem down into sub problems (Sub-
Procedures). Subsequently, this process will continue until a sub-procedure is simple enough
to be solved by itself. Examples for procedural programming languages include C, COBOL,
FORTRAN and VB.

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Comparing OOP And Procedural Programming
When we consider, what are the differences between Object-Oriented Programming
and Procedural Programming it is obvious that OOP is based on objects and classes while
Procedural Programming is based on procedures. Using objects in OOP rather than
procedures as in procedural programming allow the developers to reuse a single code
anywhere as needed. Thus, allowing coding methods that are more complicated with ease
and using less code.
When we consider about the security of the data when using either of the
programming paradigms, OOP provides more security as it has a more improved data
concealing mechanism rather than procedural programming languages.
Procedural programming uses global data for sharing data within functions therefore
data can be accessed from function to function without any access limits. However, OOP
does not allow global data but instead the developer has the ability to set the functions to
private or public so developers can control the access rights for data.
In procedural programming, it is quite difficult to add new data or functions to the
program but OOP offers an easy approach to add new data and functions. Additionally, in
procedural programming data cannot be moved liberally from function to function but OOP
allow objects to move and communicate with each other via member functions.

Conclusion
The purpose of this report was to compare Object Oriented Programming and
Procedural Programming with adequate descriptions for each programming paradigm.
Firstly, the report looked into what is OOP and the report defined what OOP is.
Moreover, the report briefly explained what objects, classes and methods are and how they
cooperate with each other to make OOP work. Furthermore, we considered few examples
for OOP.
Thereafter, the report show what is Procedural Programming and the report defined
what Procedural Programming is. Moreover, the report briefly explained what procedures
are, how procedures are used and how procedures work. Furthermore, we considered few
examples for Procedural Programming.
Finally, we differentiated OOP and Procedural Programming Paradigms and we
discussed few main differences between them. Which concluded us that OOP is more easy
to use, more secure and efficient than procedural programming paradigm.

3
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