Umts Voice Quality Improvement Solution

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement

Solution
Issue 01
Date 2015-04-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution Contents
Contents
1 About This
This Document.........................
Document..........................................................................
.........................................................................................1
........................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Overview of Solution...............
Solution.....................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...................................2
.............2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application
Application Scenarios.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Overall Solution..............................................................................................................................................................3
Solution..............................................................................................................................................................3
3 Solution
Solution Application Guidelines...........................
Guidelines...............................................................................
....................................................................5
................5
3.1 Scenario 1:
1: Narrowband Voice Services........................................................................................................................5
3.1.1 Sub-scenario
Sub-scenario 1: Single-Rate AMR-NB.......................................................................................................................5
3.1.1.1 Scenar io
io Description...........................................................................................
Description.................................................................................................................................................5
......................................................5
3.1.1.2 Solution
Solution Purpose.......................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.1.3 Solution
Solution Description.................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.1.4 Implementation.........................................................................................................................................................7
Implementation.........................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.2 Sub-scenario
Sub-scenario 2: Multi-Rate AMR-NB.........................................................................................................................8
3.1.2.1 Scenar io
io Description...........................................................................................
Description.................................................................................................................................................8
......................................................8
3.1.2.2 Solution
Solution Purpose.......................................................................................................................................................9
3.1.2.3 Solution
Solution Description.................................................................................................................................................9
3.1.2.4 Implementation.......................................................................................................................................................10
Implementation.......................................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Scenario 2:
2: HD Voice Services....................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1 Sub-Scenario
Sub-Scenario 1: Common AMR-WB Scenarios (12.65 kbit/s).................................................................................12
3.2.1.1 Scenar io
io Description...........................................................................................
Description...............................................................................................................................................12
....................................................12
3.2.1.2 Solution Purpose.....................................................................................................................................................12
3.2.1.3 Solution
Solution Description...............................................................................................................................................12
3.2.1.4 Implementation.......................................................................................................................................................13
Implementation.......................................................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Sub-Scenario
Sub-Scenario 2: Optimized AMR-WB Scenarios (23.85 kbit/s)...............................................................................14
3.2.2.1 Scenar io
io Description...........................................................................................
Description...............................................................................................................................................15
....................................................15
3.2.2.2 Solution Purpose.....................................................................................................................................................15
3.2.2.3 Solution Description...............................................................................................................................................15
3.2.2.4 Implementation.......................................................................................................................................................16
3.3 Scenario 3: Optimal Voice Experience.........................................................................................................................17
Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii


WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution Contents
3.3.1 Scenario Description.............................................................................

Description..................................................................................................................................................17
.....................................................................17
3.3.2 Solution Purpose........................................................................................................................................................17
3.3.3 Solution Description..................................................................................................................................................18
3.3.4 Implementation..........................................................................................................................................................19
3.4 Scenario 4: Fast Voice Service Establishment.............................................................................................................20
3.4.1 Scenario Description.............................................................................
Description..................................................................................................................................................20
.....................................................................20
3.4.2 Solution Purpose........................................................................................................................................................20
3.4.4 Implementation..........................................................................................................................................................22
3.5 Scenario 5: Speech Quality Assessment, Test, and Maintenance................................................................................23
3.5.2 Implementation..........................................................................................................................................................24
4 List of Features Involved in Solution............................................

Solution......................................................................................26
..........................................26
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................27
Abbreviations...................................................................................................27
6 Reference Documents..............
Documents...................................................
.........................................................................
..............................................................28
..........................28
Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii


WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 1 About This Document
1 About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes voice quality improvement solutions for different application scenarios
in UMTS networks.
The purpose of this document is to help customers choose the appropriate feature or feature
combination based on different network deployment scenarios. The technical principles,
deployment, and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l Need to understand voice

voice quality improvement solutions
solutions
l Work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information on the changes in different document versions.
RAN17.1 01 (2015-04-20)
Compared with Issue 01 (2014-05-15) of RAN16.0, Issue 01 (2015-04-20) of RAN17.1 includes
the following changes:
l Added features WRFD-170201 Seamless Crystal Voice and WRFD-171201 Crystal Voice
in Deep Coverage to the scenario of optimal voice experience.
l Added feature WRFD-171202 Ultrafast CS Call Setup to the scenario of fast voice service
establishment.
l Added solutions to the scenario of narrowband voice services.
Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1


WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 2 Overview of Solution
2 Overview of Solution
2.1 Background
As the most basic and important
i mportant services in mobile networks, voice services are undergoing
constant evolution and development. In the MBB era, the UMTS network is the basic bearer
network for voice services, and requirements on user experience become more demanding.
AMR-NB services are conventional narrowband UMTS voice services. As the penetration rate
of AMR-WB-capable terminals increases, AMR-WB services become the trend. Compared with
the AMR-NB technique, AMR-WB significantly improves voice quality.
In addition to AMR-WB services, the voice quality improvement solution improves the mean
opinion score (MOS) of voice services, reduces the access delay, and provides optimal voice
quality for users.
2.2 Application Scenarios

As the basic services of the UMTS network, voice services are widely deployed. The voice
quality improvement solution applies to the following scenarios:
l Scenario 1: narrowband voice services

AMR-NB services are supported in this scenario. This scenario can be further divided into
single-rate AMR-NB scenarios (12.2 kbit/s) and multi-rate AMR-NB scenarios (such as
4.75 kbit/s and 12.2 kbit/s). In single-rate AMR-NB scenarios, only one data rate is used
to fulfill basic requirements of voice services. In multi-rate AMR-NB scenarios, multiple
data rates are used so that UEs can better adapt to the changing air-interface environment
to achieve optimal performance.
l Scenario 2: high-definition (HD) voice services
AMR-WB services are supported in this scenario. This scenario can be further divided into
common AMR-WB scenarios with a maximum data rate of 12.65 kbit/s and optimized
AMR-WB scenarios with a maximum data rate of 23.85 kbit/s. Common AMR-WB
scenarios provide the same maximum data rate as that in 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB scenarios
but consume the same number
number of codes, power,
power, and bandwidth. Therefore,
Therefore, enabling
common AMR-WB services ensures easy access to AMR-WB services while produces the
least impact on network performance. Optimized AMR-WB scenarios provide a maximum


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data rate twice that in 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB scenarios. This scenario consumes more power
resources but provides optimal voice quality. When resources are insufficient, the adaptive
SRB rate function must be enabled to reduce the data rate to 12.65 kbit/s or lower so as to
counteract the impact on the coverage and capacity of voice services.
l Scenario 3: optimal voice experience
Multiple differentiation enhancement algorithms can be used to improve the voice
experience. In areas with normal coverage, optimized power control can be used to enhance
the power efficiency and reduce the block error rate (BLER), thereby increasing the MOS
of voice services. In areas with weak coverage, functions such as decoding performance
improvement and voice combination enhancement can be used to reduce the BLER and
increase the MOS of voice services.
l Scenario 4: fast voice service establishment
Access delay is a key factor affecting user experience of voice services. This solution
reduces the access delay by means such as procedure optimization and signaling bearer
optimization.
l Scenario 5: speech quality assessment, test, and maintenance
This solution assesses, tests, and maintains speech quality. It also determines whether
garbled voices occur and, if so, locates these voices.
2.3 Overall Solution

Specific features or feature combinations can be selected to
t o suit various network deployment
scenarios. The following figure shows different feature and function selections in implementing
the voice quality improvement solution.
The AMR-NB technique ensures basic UMTS voice services. If user experience needs to be
further improved, you are advised to enable AMR-WB services and then use the optimal voice
experience solution to improve voice quality for both AMR-WB and AMR-NB services, and
use the fast voice service establishment solution to accelerate the access for both AMR-NB and
AMR-WB services, thereby improving the ultimate experience of voice users. You can also use
the speech quality assessment, test, and maintenance solution to monitor the voice quality of the
entire network.


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Figure 2-1 Overall solution for voice quality improvement


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UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 3 Solution Application Guidelines
3 Solution Application Guidelines
3.1 Scenario 1: Narrowband Voice Services

Narrowband voice services refer to AMR-NB services. The
The AMR-NB technique encodes
encodes
speeches whose frequencies range from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz. After speech encoding, the
maximum data rate of voice services reaches 12.2 kbit/s and the minimum data rate is 4.75 kbit/
s.
AMR-NB services can be further divided into single-rate AMR-NB (12.2 kbit/s) and multi-rate
AMR-NB (such as 4.75 kbit/s and 12.2 kbit/s) based on the AMR rates assigned by the CN for
RAN.
3.1.1 Sub-scenario 1: Single-Rate AMR-NB
3.1.1.1 Scenario Description

In single-rate AMR-NB scenarios, only one AMR data rate is used, such as rate set 0/2/3/4/5/6/7
in the following table. The recommended rate set is rate set 7 (12.2 kbit/s).
Set Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat
tin e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
g Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
12. - (1) - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1
2
kbit
/s
10. - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - -
2
kbit
/s


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
7.9 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1
5
kbit
/s
7.4 - 1 - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - - -
0
kbit
/s
6.7 - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 - -
0
kbit
/s
5.9 - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
kbit
/s
5.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5
kbit
/s
4.7 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5
kbit
/s
OM F F F F F F F F F F F A F A F A
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicates that
a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose

Single-rate AMR-NB provides basic narrowband voice services and is easy to deploy.


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3.1.1.3 Solution Description
List of Features Involved in the Solution

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of single-rate AMR-
NB services.
Feature IID
D Feature Introduced in… Reference Document
Name
WRFD-011 TFO/TrFO RAN3.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter
600 Description
Description of Features Involved in the Solution

The following table describes the feature involved in the solution for scenarios of single-rate
AMR-NB services.
Feature ID Feature Name Feature Description
WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO This feature helps reduce the signal loss

during speech coding/decoding and
therefore improves the MOS of AMR
services.
3.1.1.4 Implementation
The single-rate AMR-NB solution provides common narrowband voice services without
requiring any feature enhancements. If the voice quality of single-rate AMR-NB services needs
to be further improved, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature on both the CN and
RAN sides. The following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenario CN RAN UE Remarks
To ensure Configure rate set 7. – – None

basic
performance
To reduce the Configure rate set 7 Enable the – The TFO/TrFO

number of and enable the TFO/ TFO/TrFO feature is
encoding/ TrFO feature. feature. recommended for
decoding to improving the MOS
improve the of voice services.
voice quality
The following is an example of solution implementation.


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1. It is recomm
recommended
ended that th
thee CN config
configure
ure rrate
ate set
set 7 (12.2
(12.2 kbit/s)
kbit/s) for
for all the RNCs
RNCs on the
the
network.
2. If the voice quali
quality
ty needs
needs to b
bee further
further improv
improved,
ed, you
you are advised
advised to enable
enable the TFO/TrFO
TFO/TrFO
feature for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
l If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during inter-
RNC relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
l You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO
TFO/TrF O feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
Ot herwise,
calls may fail to be set up.
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
3.1.2 Sub-scenario 2: Multi-Rate AMR-NB

In multi-rate AMR-NB scenarios, multiple data rates are used, such as rate set
1/8/9/10/11/12/13/14/15 in the following table. The recommended rate set is rate set 1 (including
12.2 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, and 4.75 kbit/s).
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
12. - (1) - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1
2
kbit
/s
10. - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - -
2
kbit
/s
7.9 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1
5
kbit
/s
7.4 - 1 - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - - -
0
kbit
/s
6.7 - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 - -
0
kbit
/s


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5.9 - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
kbit
/s
5.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5
kbit
/s
4.7 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5
kbit
/s
OM F F F F F F F F F F F A F A F A
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicates that
a rate set does not contain the rate.

The multi-rate AMR-NB solution provides narrowband voice services with optimal
performance. Compared
Compared with the single-rate
single-rate AMR-NB solution, multi-rate AMR-NB enables
UEs to adapt to the complicated radio environment by using a lower data rate, thereby improving
the coverage and performance of voice services.

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of multi-rate AMR-
NB services.
Feature ID Feature Introduced in

in… Reference Do
Document
Name

Parameter
00 Description


WCDMA RAN

in… Reference Do
Document
Name
WRFD-0207 AMR/WB- RAN2.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter
01 AMR Speech Description
Rates Control

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of multi-rate
AMR-NB services.

therefore improves the MOS of AMR
services.
WRF
RFD-
D-02
0207
0701
01 AMR/W
MR/WB- B-A
AMR Speec
peech
h This feature gradually adjusts the rate of
Rates Control AMR-WB services. In areas with weak
coverage, decreasing the data rate improves
the MOS of voice services and reduces the
call drop rate. In scenarios where resources
are insufficient, rate adjustment and
reconfiguration help relieve the congestion
and provide better voice services.
The multi-rate AMR-NB solution provides common narrowband voice services without
requiring any feature enhancements. You are only required to configure the recommended rate
set on the CN side. To improve the voice quality of multi-rate AMR-NB services, you are advised
to enable the TFO/TrFO feature on both the CN and RAN R AN sides. To improve the coverage and
capacity of multi-rate AMR-NB services, you are advised to enable the AMR/AMR-WB Speech
Rates Control feature on the RAN side. The following table describes requirements on solution
implementation.
To ensure Configure rate – – Rate set 1 must be configured on

basic set 1. the CN side. If the AMR/AMR-
performance WB Speech Rates Control feature
is not enabled on the RAN side, the
actual data rate is only 12.2 kbit/s,
which is the same as that in single-
rate AMR-NB scenarios.


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To reduce Configure rate Enable the – The TFO/TrFO feature is

the number set 1 and enable TFO/TrFO recommended for improving the
of encoding/ the TFO/TrFO feature. MOS of voice services.
decoding to feature.
improve the
voice quality
To use a Configure rate Enable the – Low-rate voice services consume
lower data set 1. AMR/WB- less power and code resources,
rate to AMR thereby improving coverage and
improve the Speech capacity for voice services.
coverage Rates
and capacity Control
for voice feature.
services
1. It is recomm
recommended
ended that th
thee CN config
configure
ure rrate
ate set
set 1 (includi
(including
ng 12.2
12.2 kbit/s,
kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s,
kbit/s, 5.9
kbit/s, and 4.75 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the network.
NOTE
If the CN configures different rate sets for different RNCs, call drops may occur during inter-RNC
relocations after the TFO/TrFO feature is enabled.
2. If the voice quali
quality
ty needs
needs to b
bee further
further improv
improved,
ed, you
you are advised
advised to enable
enable the TFO/TrFO
TFO/TrFO
feature.
NOTE
l Enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise, calls may fail
to be set up.
l It is recommended that the CN configure different AMR multi-rates for the GSM and UMTS
networks. Otherwise, one-way audio may occur in GSM networks if a TFO/TrFO call is initiated
between the two nnetworks.
etworks. The reason is as follows: After a ch
channel
annel switch from full-rate to h
half-
alf-
rate is performed in the GSM network, services can no longer be carried over high-rate channels.
In this case, the GSM network initiates a rate adjustment request to the UMTS network. If the
UE in the UMTS network is undergoing a non-stable
non-st able procedure such as a handover, the UE cannot
respond to the rate adjustment request and as a result, the RNC returns a rate adjustment failure
to the BSC, leading to possible one-way audio in the GSM network. In the GSM network, only
AMR-NB services are carried over half-rate channels and one-way audio occurs only to AMR-
NB services.
services.
3. If you need to further
further improv
improvee the cover
coverage
age and
and capacit
capacity
y for voice services,
services, enable
enable the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature on the RAN side.
3.2 Scenario 2: HD Voice Services

HD voice services refer to AMR-WB services. The AMR-WB technique expands the usable
frequency band from 300-3400 Hz (supported by AMR-NB) to 50-7000 Hz. The added low


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band of 50-300 Hz makes voices sound more natural and comfortable to listen to while the added
high band of 3400-7000 Hz makes voices clearer. Compared with AMR-NB, AMR-WB
significantly increases the voice quality and makes it easier to recognize the caller.
HD voice services can be further divided into common AMR-WB (12.65 kbit/s) and optimized
AMR-WB (23.85 kbit/s) based on the AMR rates configured by the CN for RAN.
3.2.1 Sub-Scenario 1: Common AMR-WB Scenarios (12.65 kbit/s)

In common AMR-WB scenarios, the CN supports AMR-WB services and the maximum rate of
AMR-WB services is 12.65 kbit/s. The recommended rate set is 0 (including 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85
kbit/s, and 6.6 kbit/s).
Setting Rate Set 0 Rate Set 1 Rate Set 2 Rate Set 3 Rate Set 4 Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/ - - - - 1 1
s
15.85 kbit/ - - 1 1 - -
s
12.65 kbit/ 1 1 1 1 1 1
s
8.85 kbit/s 1 1 1 1 1 1
6.6 kbit/s 1 1 1 1 1 1
OM F A F A F A
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.

The solution for common AMR-NB (12.2 kbit/s) increases the MOS without compromising cell
coverage or capacity.

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s AMR-
WB services.


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in… Reference Do
Document
Name
WRFD-0106 AMR-WB RAN6.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter
13 (Adaptive Description
Multi Rate
Wide Band)

Parameter
00 Description

Parameter
Rates Control

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s
AMR-WB services.

WRF
RFD-
D-01
0106
0613
13 AMR-W
MR-WB B (Adap
daptiv
tive This feature provides AMR-WB services.
Multi Rate Wide Band)

therefore improves the MOS of AMR-WB
services.
WRF
RFD-
D-02
0207
0701
01 AMR/W
MR/WB- B-A
AMR Speec
peech
are insufficient, rate adjustment and
reconfiguration help relieve the congestion
When 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB services are activated, the TFO/TrFO feature must be enabled for
both the CN and RAN to achieve end-to-end
end-to-end HD voices. Before
Before a call is set up,
up, the TFO/TrFO
feature negotiates the encoding/decoding codes for the calling party and called party. AMR-WB
services can be set up only when both the two parties support AMR-WB services. Otherwise,
the two parties cannot enjoy HD voices. To implement rate adjustment among multiple AMR-
WB services, you are advised to enable the AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature. The
following table describes requirements on solution implementation.


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To ensure Configure rate Enable the – l The CN configures rate set 0

basic set 0 and enable AMR-WB and the TFO/TrFO feature
performance the AMR-WB and TFO/ must be enabled for both the
and TFO/TrFO TrFO CN and RAN.
features. features. l If the AMR/AMR-WB Speech
Rates Control feature is not
enabled on the RAN side, the
actual data rate can only reach
12.65 kbit/s.
To use a Configure rate Enable the – Low-rate voice services consume

lower data set 0 and enable AMR-WB, less power and code resources,
rate to the AMR-WB TFO/TrFO, thereby improving coverage and
improve the and TFO/TrFO and AMR/ capacity for voice services.
coverage features. AMR-WB
and capacity Speech
for voice Rates
services Control
features.
1. If the AMR-WB
AMR-WB feature
feature isis enabled
enabled for
for both
both the CN
CN and RAN, it it is recomme
recommended
nded that
that the
the
CN configure rate set 0 (including 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and 6.6 kbit/s) for all the RNCs
on the network.
NOTE
l You are advised to enable the AMR-WB feature first for the
t he RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
2. To enjoy
enjoy
feature betrue
true HD voices
enabled vfor
oices during
durin
both thegCN
AMR-
AMR-WB
and WB calls,
calls, it is recommen
RAN. recommended
ded that
that the
the TFO/TrF
TFO/TrFO
O
NOTE
You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
3. If you need to further

further improv
improvee the cover
coverage
age and
and capacit
capacity
y for voice services,
services, enable
enable the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature on the RAN side.
3.2.2 Sub-Scenario 2: Optimized AMR-WB Scenarios (23.85 kbit/s)


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In optimized AMR-WB scenarios, the CN supports AMR-WB services and the maximum rate
of AMR-WB services is 23.85 kbit/s. The recommended rate set is 4 (including 23.85 kbit/s,
12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and 6.6 kbit/s).
Setting Rate Set 0 Rate Set 1 Rate Set 2 Rate Set 3 Rate Set 4 Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/ - - - - 1 1
s
15.85 kbit/ - - 1 1 - -
s
12.65 kbit/ 1 1 1 1 1 1
s
8.85 kbit/s 1 1 1 1 1 1
6.6 kbit/s 1 1 1 1 1 1
OM F A F A F A
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.

Compared with the cell coverage and capacity for 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB services, the cell
coverage and capacity for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services are much smaller because 23.85 kbit/
s AMR-WB services consume more code and power resources. With AMRC, the cell coverage
is enlarged and congestion is relieved when the uplink coverage is limited, or the downlink code
or power resources
Therefore, with the are insufficient.
solution With TFO/TrFO,
for optimized the optimum
AMR-WB scenarios, the voice
voice quality
quality is
ofensured.
23.85 kbit/
s AMR-WB services is improved, and the cell coverage and capacity for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB
services are increased to the same level as those for 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB services.

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s AMR-
WB services.


WCDMA RAN

in… Reference Do
Document
Name
WRFD-0106 AMR-WB RAN6.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter
13 (Adaptive Description
Multi Rate
Wide Band)

Parameter
00 Description

Parameter
Rates Control

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s
AMR-WB services.

WRF
RFD-
D-01
0106
0613
13 AMR-W
MR-WB B (Adap
daptiv
tive This feature provides AMR-WB services.

therefore improves the MOS of AMR-WB
services.
WRF
RFD-
D-02
0207
0701
01 AMR/W
MR/WB- B-A
AMR Speec
peech
are insufficient, help

reconfiguration rate adjustment and
relieve the congestion
When 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services are enabled, the TFO/TrFO feature must be enabled for
both the CN and RAN to achieve end-to-end
end-to-end HD voices. Before
Before a call is set up,
up, the TFO/TrFO
feature negotiates the encoding/decoding codes for the calling party and called party. AMR-WB
services can be set up only when both the two parties support AMR-WB services. Otherwise,
the two parties cannot enjoy HD voices. Compared with 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB, 23.85 kbit/s
AMR-WB consumes more power resources and code resources, which undermine the coverage
and
mustcapacity of voice
be enabled services.
on the Therefore,
RAN side. the AMR/AMR-WB
This feature Speechcapacity
prevents voice service Rates Control feature
and coverage


WCDMA RAN
from degrading when rate adjustment is performed in the case of insufficient resources. The
following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
To ensure Configure rate Enable the – l The CN configures rate set 0

basic set 0 and enable AMR-WB, and the TFO/TrFO feature
performance the AMR-WB TFO/TrFO,
and TFO/TrFO and AMR/ must be RAN.
CN and enabled for both the
features. AMR-WB l To prevent voice service
Speech coverage and capacity from
Rates degrading, the AMR/AMR-
Control WB Speech Rates Control
features. feature must be enabled on the
RAN side.
1. If the AMR-WB
AMR-WB feature
feature is
is enabled
enabled for
for both
both the CN
CN and RAN, it
it is recomme
recommended
nded that
that the
the
CN configure rate set 4 (including data rates of 23.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and
6.6 kbit/s) for all the RNCs on the network.
NOTE
l You are advised to enable the AMR-WB feature first for the
t he RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
2. To enjoy
enjoy true
true HD voices
voices during
during AMR-
AMR-WB
WB calls,
calls, it is recommen
recommended
ded that
that the
the TFO/TrF
TFO/TrFO
O
feature be enabled for both the CN and RAN.
NOTE
You are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO feature first for the RNC and then for the CN. Otherwise,
3. To prevent
prevent the
the impact
impact of
of 23.85
23.85 kbit/s
kbit/s AMR-WB
AMR-WB service
servicess on covera
coverage
ge and
and capacity
capacity,, the
AMR/AMR-WB Speech Rates Control feature must be enabled on the RAN side.
3.3 Scenario 3: Optimal Voice Experience
3.3.1 Scenario Description

This solution improves the MOS of AMR-NB or AMR-WB services.
3.3.2 Solution Purpose
The average
areas, block
the BLER error
may berate (BLER)
higher than is
5%,about 1% leads
which in theto
UMTS
a lownetwork.
MOS (lessIn than
some3)
weak
and coverage
severely


WCDMA RAN
degrades the user experience. This solution aims to reduce the BLER over the Uu interface for
voice services by improving the performance of voice channels and eventually improve the
MOS.
3.3.3 Solution Description

This solution improves speech decoding performance, which therefore reduces the BLER in the
uplink without increasing the UE transmit power.

The following table lists the features involved in the optimal voice experience solution.

in… Reference Do
Document
Name
WRFD-1402 AMR Voice RAN14.0 AMR Voice Quality Improvement

Improvement
01 Quality Based on PLVA Feature
Feature
Improvement Parameter Description
Based on
PLVA
WRFD-1602 CS Voice RAN16.0 CS Voice Precise Power Control

04 Precise Feature Parameter Description
Description
Power
Control
WRFD-1702 Seamless RAN17.1 Seamless Crystal Voice Feature

01 Crystal Voice Parameter Description
WRFD-1712 Crystal Voice RAN17.1 Crystal Voice in Deep Coverage

01 in Deep Feature Parameter Description
Coverage

The following table describes the features involved in the optimal voice experience solution.
WRFD-140201 AMR Vo
Voice Qu
Quality This feature helps improve the decoding
Improvement Based on performance of voice frames in the uplink
uplink
PLVA and reduces the BLER for voice frames in
the uplink. There are many bit errors in
voice frames in weak coverage areas and
this feature can correct these bit errors.


WCDMA RAN
WRF
RFD-
D-16
1602
0204
04 CS Voic
oice Pr
Precis
ecisee P
Pow
oweer This feature adjusts and controls the uplink
Control transmit power of UEs according to changes
of the channel environment and quality of
received signals, thereby reducing the
BLER for voice frames in the uplink.
WRFD
WRFD-1
-170
7020
201
1 Se
Seam
amle
less
ss Crys
Crysta
tall Voic
Voicee With
With th
this
is fe
feat
atur
ure,
e, a ch
chan
anne
nell deco
decode
derr is
deployed on the RNC. When a CS AMR
voice service experiences a soft handover, a
softer combination is performed on multiple
soft handover tributaries, which improves
the voice quality in the soft handover area.
WRF
RFD-
D-17
1712
1201
01 Crys
Crysta
tall Vo
Voice
ice in
in Dee
Deep
p This feature deploys a high-order channel
Coverage decoding algorithm (with the number of
decoding reaching 64 times) to perform
high-order channel decoding again on voice
frames that experienced a low-order channel
decoding failure. This reduces the BLER
and improves the voice quality in deep
coverage scenarios.

3.3.4 Implementation
The optimal voice experience solution does not require the support from the CN or UE. The
features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. These features
and functions have different dependencies on the NodeB or RNC hardware. For details, see the
corresponding feature parameter description document. If allowed by hardware, it is
recommended that these features and functions be enabled at the same time to improve the MOS
of voice services. The following table describes requirements on solution implementation.
Scenarios CN RAN UE Remarks
To increase – The following features must – This feature reduces

the MOS in be enabled: the BLER of uplink
the cell l AMR Voice Quality voice frames when
center Improvement Based on UEs in the cell center
PLVA have the same
transmit power.
l CS Voice Precise Power
Control
l Crystal Voice in Deep
Coverage


WCDMA RAN
To increase – The following features must – UE transmit power

the MOS at be enabled: reaches the maximum
the cell edge l AMR Voice Quality at the cell edge, which
Improvement Based on paralyzes the power
power
PLVA control function.
l Seamless Crystal Voice Therefore, the CS

Voice Precise Power
l Crystal Voice in Deep Control feature
Coverage cannot increase the
MOS at the cell edge
as expected. The
Seamless Crystal
Voice feature
increases the MOS in
the soft handover
area.
3.4 Scenario 4: Fast Voice Service Establishment
3.4.1 Scenario Description

When a UE in the UMTS network initiates a voice service, this solution reduces the end-to-end
access delay. That is, the calling party hears the ring earlier.
3.4.2 Solution Purpose

This solution reduces the service access delay using the following functions during service
establishment: fast radio bearer (RB) setup, adaptive SRB rate, and parallel procedure
processing.

This solution reduces the end-to-end access delay using functions or features unique to Huawei.
It implements fast voice service establishment without sacrificing the service setup success rate.
l Procedure optimization: Asynchronous reconfiguration is used during RB setups. This
function shortens the RB setup duration and reduces the access delay for voice services.
l Signaling bearer: After the function of adaptive SRB rate is enabled, during the access
procedure, signaling rates
rates of UEs in well-covered
well-covered areas are
are improved when signaling
signaling is
carried over dedicated channels. Signaling rates of UEs are adaptively adjusted based on
the signalareas
covered quality in places without
is improved where UEs are located.
sacrificing In this setup
the service way, success
user experience
rate. in well-


WCDMA RAN
l Parallel procedure processing: This function implements parallel processing of the Iu and
Uu paging procedures, parallel processing of the Iu setup and Uu security mode procedures,
and parallel processing of the ringing and RAB setup procedures. This reduces the waiting
time of each process and achieves the ultrafast access of voice services.
It is recommended that the preceding functions or features be enabled to ensure better user
experience.

The following table lists the features and functions involved in this solution.
Feature ID
ID Feature Na
Name Introduced in
in… Reference D
Do
ocument
WRFD-1601 Fast Radio Bearer RAN16.0 Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature
Feature
06 Setup Parameter Description
N/A Adaptive SRB RAN16.0 Radio Bears Feature Parameter

Parameter
rate Description
WRFD-1712 Ultrafast CS Call RAN17.1 Ultrafast CS Call Setup Feature

02 Setup Parameter Description

The following table describes the features and functions involved in the solution for scenarios
of fast voice service establishment.
WRFD
WRFD-1
-160
6010
106
6 Fast
Fast Radi
Radio
o Bear
Bearer
er Se
Setu
tup
p With
With th
this
is fe
feat
atur
ure,
e, as
asyn
ynch
chro
rono
nous
us
reconfiguration is used during RB setups.
This shortens the RB setup duration and
reduces the access delay for voice services.
NA Adaptive SRB rate With this function, signaling rates

rates of UEs
are adaptively adjusted based on the signal
quality in places where UEs are located. In
this way, user experience in well-covered
areas is improved without sacrificing the
service setup success rate.
WRF
RFD-
D-17
1712
1202
02 Ultra
ltrafa
fast
st CS Call
Call Setup
tup This
This fea
featu
ture
re op
opti
timi
mizzes tthe
he AMR
AMR voi
voicce
service access procedure. That is, it changes
serial processing to parallel processing,
which reduces the waiting time of each
process and accelerates
accelerates the access
access
especially for a call involving two UMTS
UEs.


WCDMA RAN
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. It is
recommended that all these features and functions be enabled at the same time to reduce the
access delay for voice services.
The WRFD-160106 Fast Radio Bearer Setup feature requires support from UEs. If some UEs
do not support this feature, add these UEs to the blacklist. For details about this feature, see
see Fast
Fast
Radio Bearer Setup Feature
Feature Parameter Description
Description.. Before enabling the WRFD-171202
Ultrafast CS Call Setup feature, you are advised to enable the TFO/TrFO function for intra-
UMTS calls on the CN side and enable the WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO feature on the RNC side
to ensure the gains provided by parallel processing of paging procedures. The following table
describes requirements on solution implementation.
To accelerate the Enable The following features – For a call involving two
access for UMTS the must be enabled: UMTS users, the gains
users acting as the TFO/ l TFO/TrFO provided by the
calling or called TrFO Ultrafast CS Call Setup
l Adaptive SRB rate
party (the called feature. feature include those
party is a UMTS l Ultrafast CS Call provided by the Fast
user) Setup Radio Bearer Setup

feature. In this case, it is
recommended that the
Fast Radio Bearer
Setup feature be
disabled.
To accelerate the – The following features No It is recommended that

access for UMTS must be enabled: requirem all these features or
users acting as the l Fast Radio Bearer
ents (add functions be enabled.
calling party (the Setup UEs with
called party is a compatib
l Adaptive SRB rate
user belonging to ility
another operator) l Ultrafast CS Call issues to
Setup the
blacklist)


WCDMA RAN
To accelerate the – The following features – For a call initiated by a

access for UMTS must be enabled: user belonging to
users acting as the l Adaptive SRB rate another operator to a
called party (the UMTS user, the gains
l Ultrafast CS Call
calling party is a provided by the
user belonging to Setup Ultrafast CS Call Setup
another operator) feature include those
provided by the Fast
Radio Bearer Setup
feature. In this case, it is
recommended that the
Fast Radio Bearer
Setup feature be
disabled.
1. It is recomm
recommended
ended that th
thee TFO/TrF
TFO/TrFO
O func
function
tion be
be enabled
enabled for
for intra-UM
intra-UMTS
TS calls
calls on both
both
the CN and RNC sides.
NOTE
If this function is not enabled, the gains provided by parallel processing of paging procedures cannot
be ensured and the op optimal
timal access performan
performance
ce cannot b
bee fulfilled.
2. Enable
Enable the feature
feature and
and func
function
tion involve
involved
d in th
thee fast
fast voice
voice service
service setup
setup solutio
solution
n one by
by one.
one.
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other and can
be enabled at the same time. Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described
in this document and will be included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
3. If some
some UEs do not support
support the Fast Radio Bearer
Bearer Setup
Setup featur
feature,
e, add these UEs to the
blacklist.
3.5 Scenario 5: Speech Quality Assessment, Test, and

Maintenance

This solution uses the EVQI to assess the speech quality of voice services. It also uses the Garbled
Noise Detection and Correction
Correction of AMR Voice feature to detect
detect and correct garbled
garbled voices
caused by inconsistent settings for encryption parameters.

The following table lists the features and functions involved in this solution.


WCDMA RAN
Feature ID Feature Name Introduced in… Reference Document
WRFD-160102 Garbled No
Noise RAN16.0 Garbled Noise Detection and
Detection and Correction of AMR Voice
Correction of Feature Parameter Description
AMR Voice
N/A EVQI RAN16.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter
Description

The following table describes the features and functions involved in this solution.
WRFD-160102 Garbled No
Noise For AMR-WB and AMR-NB services,
Detection and inconsistent settings for encryption
Correction of AMR parameters cause
cause garbled voices, greatly
greatly
Voice affecting user experience. With this
feature, the RNC can detect and correct

garbled voices in the uplink or downlink.
N/A EVQI The MOS is used to ev evaluate

aluate the voice
quality on the entire network. The EVQI
is used to evaluate voice quality over the
air interface and suitable for routine voice
quality monitoring.
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. It is
recommended that these features and functions be enabled at the same time. The following table
describes requirements on solution implementation.
To evaluate – Enable the EVQI – Downlink BLER is

the MOS of function. required for downlink
voice quality EVQI evaluation.
on the entire Therefore, the UE
network (for must send the
the air measurement report.
interface
only)


WCDMA RAN
Garbled – Garbled Noise – None

Noise Detection and
Detection Correction of AMR
and Voice
Correction of
AMR Voice



WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 4 List of Features Involved in Solution
4 List of Features Involved in Solution
Feature ID Feature Name Introduced Reference Document

in…
WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive RAN6.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Parameter Description

WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Sp Speech RAN2.0 AMR Feature Parameter
Rates Control
WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality RAN14.0 AMR Voice Quality Improvement

Improvement Based on
Improvement Based on PLVA Feature Parameter
PLVA
WRFD-160204 CS V
Vooice Pr
Precise Po
Power RAN16.0 CS Voice Precise Power Control Feature
Control Parameter Description
WRFD-160106 Fast Radio Bearer Setup RAN16.0 Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature Parameter
Description
NA Adaptive SRB rate RAN16.0 Radio Bears Feature

Feature Parameter
WRFD-160102 Garbled Noise Detection RAN

RAN16.0
16.0 Ga
Garb
rble
led
d Nois
Noisee Det
eteecti
tio
on and Co
Corrrec
recti
tio
on of
and Correction of AMR AMR Voice Feature Parameter Description
Voice
WRFD-170201 Seamless Crystal Voice RAN17.1 Seamless Crystal Voice Feature Parameter
Description
WRFD-171201 Crystal Voice in Deep RAN17.1 Crystal Vo

Voice iin
n De
Deep Co
Coverage Fe
Feature
Coverage Parameter Description
WRFD-171202 Ultrafast CS Call Setup RAN17.1 Ultrafast CS Call Setup Feature Parameter
Description


WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym and Full Name

Abbreviation
HD High Definition
AMR-WB Adaptive Mu
Multirate Wi
Wide Band
AMR-NB Adaptive Mu
Multirate Na
Narrow Band
MOS Mean Opinion Score
PLVA Parallel List Viterbi Algorithm
CN Core Network
TF
TFO/
O/Tr
TrFO
FO Ta
Tand
ndem
em Fr
Free
ee Oper
Operat
atio
ion/
n/Tr
Tran
ansc
scod
oder
er Free
Free Oper
Operat
atio
ion
n
AMRC AMR Rate Control
LDR Load Reshuffling
BLER Block Error Rate
RSCP Received Signal Code Power
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System


WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution 6 Reference Documents
6 Reference Documents
1. AMR Feature Parameter

2. AMR Voice Quality Improvement
Improvement Based on PLVA
PLVA Feature Parameter
3. CS Voice Precise Power Control Feature Parameter Description
4. Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature
Description
5. Procedure Optimization Feature
Description
6. Radio Bears Feature Parameter
7. Garbled Noise Detection and Correction of AMR Voice Feature Parameter Description
8. Seamless Crystal Voice Feature Parameter Description
9. Crystal Voice in Deep Coverage Feature Parameter Description
10. Ultrafast CS Call Setup Feature Parameter Description


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UMTS Voice Quality Improvement

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

3.3.1 Scenario Description.............................................................................

4 List of Features Involved in Solution............................................

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

1 About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

l Need to understand voice

1.3 Change History

l Added solutions to the scenario of narrowband voice services.

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

2.2 Application Scenarios

l Scenario 1: narrowband voice services

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

2.3 Overall Solution

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

Figure 2-1 Overall solution for voice quality improvement

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.1 Scenario 1: Narrowband Voice Services

3.1.1 Sub-scenario 1: Single-Rate AMR-NB

3.1.1.1 Scenario Description

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

3.1.1.3 Solution Description

List of Features Involved in the Solution

WRFD-011 TFO/TrFO RAN3.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Description of Features Involved in the Solution

Feature ID Feature Name Feature Description

WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO This feature helps reduce the signal loss

Scenario CN RAN UE Remarks

To ensure Configure rate set 7. – – None

To reduce the Configure rate set 7 Enable the – The TFO/TrFO

The following is an example of solution implementation.

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

3.1.2 Sub-scenario 2: Multi-Rate AMR-NB

3.1.2.1 Scenario Description

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

3.1.2.2 Solution Purpose

3.1.2.3 Solution Description

List of Features Involved in the Solution

Feature ID Feature Introduced in

WRFD-0116 TFO/TrFO RAN3.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

Feature ID Feature Introduced in

WRFD-0207 AMR/WB- RAN2.0 AMR Feature Parameter

Description of Features Involved in the Solution

Feature ID Feature Name Feature Description

WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO This feature helps reduce the signal loss

Scenario CN RAN UE Remarks

To ensure Configure rate – – Rate set 1 must be configured on

rate AMR-NB scenarios.

Issue 01 (2015-04-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10