Lecture notes: Chapter 3 Gas power cycles Lecture notes: Chapter 3 Gas power cycles

Problems P3.12). Show that the necessary condition for positive work output from an open cycle gas
P3.1). An Otto cycle operates between maximum and minimum pressures of 600 kPa and 100  1

kPa. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 27ºC and 1600 K. turbine can be given by, c  T Tmax  Tmin  r 
Determine thermal efficiency of cycle and also show it on T-s and P-V diagram. [48%] The simple gas turbine cycle has compressor with isentropic efficiency of ηc and pressure
P3.2). In an air standard Carnot cycle operating between temperatures of 57ºC and 1327ºC, ratio of “r”. Turbine has isentropic efficiency of ηT and expansion ratio similar to that of
determine the heat added if cycle efficiency is 73.4% and the minimum pressure of cycle is compressor. The maximum and minimum temperatures are Tmax and Tmin and air is working
100 kPa. [300 kJ/kg] fluid throughout with γ as ratio of specific heat.
P3.3). Determine air standard efficiency for a diesel engine having L/D ratio of 1.6 and bore as P3.13). In a gas turbine installation based on Brayton cycle the highest and lowest temperatures
25 cm. Take the clearance volume and pressure at end of suction as 1.2 liters and 1 atm. are TH and TL respectively. The pressure ratio and heat input from high temperature
respectively. Also obtain mean effective pressure. Volume after combustion is 1.8 times reservoir vary such that temperature T and T remain constant. Show that the expression for
clearance volume. [63.5, 6 bar] net maximum work output is,
P3.4). An engine operates on Dual cycle with a compression ratio of 15. At the end of suction 2
 T 
the air is available at 1 atm and 27ºC. Total heat added is 430 kJ/kg. Heat supply is in ratio 
Wmax  C P  TL  H  1
of (0.536:1) for heat supply at constant volume and constant pressure. Determine cycle  TL 
efficiency and mean effective pressure. [65%, 0.342 MPa]
P3.5). A regenerative cycle has heat exchanger effectiveness of 75% and pressure ratio of 4 P3.14). A gas turbine installation has double stage compressor and double stage turbine having
with compression occurring in two stages of equal pressure ratio with intercooling back to pressure ratio across each stage as 8:1 in both compressor and turbine. Pressure at inlet to
initial temperature of 15ºC. Maximum temperature in cycle is 650º C and expansion occurs compressor is 1 bar and temperature entering each compressor is 293K and temperature
with efficiency of 0.88. Compression process has isentropic efficiency of 0.85 in each stage. entering each turbine is 1373K. Considering ideal regenerator in cycle determine cycle
Considering air as working fluid throughout the cycle determine efficiency of cycle. [34.6%] thermal efficiency and turbine work output. [0.613, 1.235 MJ/kg]
P3.6). A gas turbine installation has intercooling, regeneration and reheating with air entering P3.15). An ideal Stirling cycle running on hydrogen works between temperature of 723°C and
compressor at 100 kPa, 290 K and compressed to 0.41 MPa. Subsequently it is cooled until 23°C while highest and lowest pressure are 30 bar and 5 bar respectively. Considering it to
temperature drops to 13ºC in intercooler and finally compressed to 0.75 MPa. Regenerator be closed cycle determine the heat transfer to regenerator per cycle, net work per cycle and
effectiveness is 0.70 and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is 1350 K and expands to 0.41 MPa cycle efficiency. [3.67 MJ, 0.85 MJ, 70%]
where it is reheated up to 1350 K. The exhaust pressure is 0.1 MPa. Determine overall P3.16). An ideal Ericson cycle is running on helium. Helium is at 1.5 bar, 500°C at the start of
efficiency considering expansion and compression processes to be of isentropic type. Take compression process and expansion process occurs at a pressure of 35 bar. Temperature of
air as working fluid throughout. [54.3%] low temperature reservoir is 298 K. Determine the thermal efficiency and net work of cycle.
P3.7). In an actual gas turbine the compressor requires 300 kJ/kg of work to quadruple the inlet [61.5%, 31.075MJ]
pressure. For inlet air temperature of 100ºC determine, the compressor exit air temperature P3.17). Determine thermal efficiency of cycle, back work ratio and net power produced from a
and compressor efficiency. [671.6 K, 60.6%] gas turbine installation having compressor admitting air at 1 bar, 300K & 5m3/s volume flow
P3.8). In a gas turbine installation the exhaust from gas turbine is sent for process heating at rate. Air is compressed in two stages up to 12 bar with intercooling to 300K between stages
200 kPa. Turbine produces power just sufficient to drive the compressor. Turbine inlet at a pressure of 350 kPa. Turbine inlet temperature is 1127 °C and expansion occurs in two
temperature is 815ºC and air is supplied to compressor at 1 bar, 17ºC. Determine compressor stages with reheat to 1340K between stages at a pressure of 3.5 bar. Compressor and turbine
pressure ratio for air as working fluid throughout. [3] stage efficiencies are 87% and 85% respectively. Also find the % gain in efficiency if a
P3.9). A Brayton cycle producing 75 kW is designed for maximum work. The compressor inlet regenerator with effectiveness of 80% is employed in plant. Show the process on T-S
conditions are 100 kPa and 27ºC. Compression ratio is 5.5. For air standard Brayton cycle diagram. [23.8%, 0.441, 2.17 MW, 53.66%]
determine the turbine inlet temperature, cycle efficiency and air flow rate. [794 K, 38.6%, P3.18). A gas turbine runs at pressure ratio of 7 and maximum temperature of 1000K. Air enters
0.631 kg/s] compressor at temperature of 288 K. The isentropic efficiency of turbine and compressor are
P3.10). A gas turbine cycle has reheating and heat exchanger employed. The air is supplied at 1 90% & 85% respectively. Find the percentage reduction in efficiency compared to ideal
bar, 15ºC into compressor where it is compressed up to 4 bar with isentropic efficiency of Brayton cycle. Also find net work output and back work ratio of gas turbine. Show the
82%. Turbine inlet temperature is 700ºC and expansion occurs in two stages with equal processes on T-S diagram. [32.85%, 132.5 kJ/kg, 0.656]
pressure ratio up to 1 bar. The reheating between two stages occurs up to 700ºC. Isentropic
efficiency of expansion is 85%. Exhaust from low pressure turbine is passed into a heat
exchanger having 0.75 effectiveness. Heat exchanger heats the discharge from compressor
before being supplied to combustion chamber. Considering air as working fluid throughout
determine cycle efficiency. [32.1%]
P3.11). In a gas turbine plant air is supplied at 1 bar, 290 K to compressor having isentropic
efficiency of 0.84 and pressure ratio of 5. The air flow rate to compressor is 111600 kg/hr.
Compressed air is passed through a heat exchanger and it leaves exchanger at 360ºC, from
where it is supplied to combustion chamber. Fuel having calorific value of 41800 kJ/kg is
supplied at the rate of 890 kg/hr in combustion chamber. The combustion products expand
from 4.7 bar to 1.95 bar, 410ºC in turbine. Take cp,air=1.0032kJ/kg K, γair=1.4,
cpcomb,products=1.1286 kJ/kg K, γcomb, products=1.34. Determine hp developed. [3000 hp]

Dr. Tran Tien Anh@HCMUT 55 Dr. Tran Tien Anh@HCMUT 56