2005 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions d 3x

Free download and print from www.itute.com Q2ci Apply the product rule to find
dx
(
e (cos x − 3 sin x ) )
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= e 3 x (− sin x − 3 cos x ) + 3e 3 x (cos x − 3 sin x )
1 1 1  x = −10e 3 x sin x .
Q1a ∫ 2
x + 49
dx = ∫ 2
7 +x 2
dx = tan −1   + C .
7 7
∫ − 10e sin xdx = e 3 x (cos x − 3 sin x ) + D,
3x
Q2cii
Q1b 1 3x
∴ ∫ e 3 x sin xdx = − e (cos x − 3 sin x ) + C.
10
dT
Q2di T = 3 + Ae − kt , ∴ = −kAe − kt and − k (T − 3) = −kAe − kt .
dt
∴ T = 3 + Ae − kt satisfies the differential equation.

Q2dii At t = 0, T = 25. At t = 10, T = 11. Substitute into

T = 3 + Ae − kt to obtain 25 = 3 + A, ∴ A = 22 and
4 1  11 
11 = 3 + Ae −10 k , i.e. = e −10k , or k = log e  .
11 10 4
At t = 15, T = 3 + 22e −15 k = 7.8 o C.

Q3ai g (0.7 ) = −0.041, g (0.9) = 0.168. ∴ g (x ) has a zero

x
Q1c For y = cos   , the domain is [− 4,4] , the range [0, π ] .
−1 between 0.7 and 0.9.
4
0 .7 + 0 .9
Q3aii Halving the interval, x = = 0.8,
du 1 du 2
Q1d Let u = 2 x 2 + 1, = 4x, or x = . g (0.8) = 0.052, ∴ g (x ) has a zero between 0.7 and 0.8.
dx 4 dx
5
1
5
du 1
5 0.7 + 0.8
( )
∴ ∫ x 2 x 2 + 1 4 dx = ∫ u 4
4 dx
dx = ∫ u 4 du
4
Halving the interval, x =
2
= 0.75,

9 9
g (0.75) = 0.003, ∴ g (x ) has a zero between 0.7 and 0.75.
1 4 1
= u + C = 2 x 2 + 1 4 + C.
9 9
( ) To one decimal place, ∴ g (x ) has a zero at 0.7.

Q3bi sin (5 x + 4 x ) + sin (5 x − 4 x )

3× − 1 + 2 x 3×8 + 2y
Q1e = 1 and = 4, ∴ x = 4 and y = −2. = sin 5 x cos 4 x + cos 5 x sin 4 x + sin 5 x cos 4 x − cos 5 x sin 4 x
5 5
= 2 sin 5 x cos 4 x .
Q1f Let tan θ = 3 and tan φ = m, ∴ either θ − φ = 45 o or 1
φ − θ = 45 o . Hence tan (θ − φ ) = 1 or tan (φ − θ ) = 1.
Q3bii ∫ sin 5 x cos 4 xdx = ∫ 2 (sin 9 x + sin x )dx
tan θ − tan φ 3−m tan φ − tan θ m−3 1 1
∴ = = 1 or = = 1. =− cos 9 x − cos x + C .
1 + tan θ tan φ 1 + 3m 1 + tan φ tan θ 1 + 3m 18 2
1 Q3c f (x ) = x 2 + 5 x, f ( x + h ) = (x + h ) + 5(x + h ),
2
∴m = or −2 .
2
f ′(x ) = lim
(x + h )2 + 5(x + h ) − x 2 − 5 x = lim(2 x + h + 5) = 2 x + 5
h →0 h h→0

Q3di EB = 7 − 4 = 3, EC = l − x. AE × EB = DE × EC ,
Q2a
d
(
2 sin −1 (5 x ) = 5 ×
2
) =
10
. ∴ 12 = x(l − x ), or x 2 − lx + 12 = 0.
dx 1 − (5 x )
2
1 − 25 x 2
Q3dii For this quadratic equation to have real x for its
Q2b The term independent of x in the expansion of solutions, ∆ ≥ 0, i.e. l 2 − 4(1)(12) ≥ 0, l 2 ≥ 48. Since l > 0,
12 4
 1  8 1  ∴ l ≥ 48. Hence the shortest chord has length 48 = 4 3.
 2x − 2  is 12
C 4 (2 x )  − 2  = 126720.
 x   x 
2005 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions © Copyright 2009 itute.com Free download and print from www.itute.com 1
 π 1 π π π
Q4a Let u = sin x, when x = 0, u = 0; when x = ,u= .
(1 − cos 4 x )dx =  π  x − sin 4 x 
8 8
π 8
4 2 Q5a V = ∫ π sin 2 xdx = 2
∫0
du 0
2 2  4  0
= cos x.
dx π π 1  π (π − 2)
=  − = .
π 1 1 1 2  8 4 16
4 2
du 2
u3  2 2
∫ cos x sin ∫ ∫0
2 2 2
xdx = u dx = u du =   = .
0 0
dx  3 0 12 Q5bi Quadrilateral DPAE is cyclic because the sum of the
opposite angles is 180o.
1 cos θ 1 + cos θ
Q4b cos ecθ + cot θ = + = Q5bii ∠PDC = 90 o
sin θ sin θ sin θ
θ θ P
2 cos 2 cos
= 2 = 2 = cot θ .
θ θ θ
D
2
2 sin cos sin
2 2 2

Q4ci Solve simultaneously to find R,

x + py = 2ap + ap 3 …….(1)
x + qy = 2aq + aq 3 …….(2) where p ≠ q.
(2) − (1), qy − py = 2aq − 2ap + aq 3 − ap 3 , A E B
(q − p )y = 2a(q − p ) + a(q − p ), 3 3 C Q

(q − p )y = 2a(q − p ) + a(q − p )(q 2 + qp + p 2 ) ,

(q − p )y = a(q − p )(2 + q 2 + qp + p 2 ). ∠APE = ∠ADE , because they are subtended by the same arc AE
of the circle that passes through the vertices D, P, A and E. The
( 2
Hence y = a p + pq + q + 2 ……(3) 2
) circle is not shown in the above diagram.
Substitute (3) into (1), x = 2ap + ap 3 − py ∠ADC = ∠ABC , because they are subtended by the same arc
(
= 2ap + ap 3 − pa p 2 + pq + q 2 + 2 = −apq( p + q ) . ) AC of the circle shown above. Since ∠ADE and ∠ADC are the
same angle, ∴ ∠APE = ∠ABC.
(
∴ R is − apq[ p + q], a p + pq + q 2 + 2 . [ 2
])
Q5biii Consider ∆APE and ∆QBE .
1
Q4cii (0, a ) satisfies y = ( p + q )x − apq, ∴ a = −apq and Since ∠APE = ∠ABC = ∠QBE and ∠AEP = ∠QEB (vertically
2 opposite angles are equal), ∴ the third pair of angles must be the
pq = −1 .
same, i.e. ∠EQB = ∠EAP = 90 o . ∴ PQ ⊥ BC .

Q4ciii Since pq = −1 , ∴ R is a[ p + q], a p 2 + pq + q 2 + 2 . ( [ ]) Q5ci Let 3 sin 3t − cos 3t = R sin (3t − α ) , re-express the RHS
x
∴ x = a( p + q ) or = ( p + q ) …….(1) and to obtain 3 sin 3t − cos 3t = R sin 3t cos α − R cos 3t sin α .
a
( ) (
y = a p 2 + pq + q 2 + 2 = a p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 − pq + 2 ) Compare the two sides, R cos α = 3 and R sin α = 1 .
(
= a ( p + q) + 1 + 2 ,
2
) Hence tan α =
1
and R 2 cos 2 α + R 2 sin 2 α = 4 .
(
i.e. y = a ( p + q ) + 3 ………(2)
2
) 3
π  π
 x 2  1 ∴α = and R = 2 . ∴ 3 sin 3t − cos 3t = 2 sin  3t −  .
Substitute (1) into (2), y = a   + 3  , ∴ y = x 2 + 3a. 6  6
 a   a
 
 π
Q5cii x = 5 + 3 sin 3t − cos 3t = 5 + 2 sin  3t −  , hence the
n
Q4d For n = 2, 4 − 1 − 7n = 4 − 1 − 7 × 2 = 1 > 0 . 2
 6
Assume 4 n − 1 − 7n > 0 is true for n = k > 2 , particle oscillates about x = 5 , the centre of motion, with an
amplitude of 2 units.
i.e. 4 k − 1 − 7 k > 0 , then for n = k + 1,
4 k +1 − 1 − 7(k + 1) = 4 × 4 k − 1 − 7k − 7 Q5ciii Maximum speed occurs when the particle passes
( k
)
= 4 4 − 1 − 7k + 21k − 4 > 0 . Hence 4 − 1 − 7n > 0 for all n  π
through the centre of motion, where sin  3t −  = 0,
n≥2.  6
π π
3t − = 0, t = .
6 18

2005 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions © Copyright 2009 itute.com Free download and print from www.itute.com 2
 2 α  dr α 
Q6ai Binomial distribution: n = 5, p = . Q7aii r = 2050 tan   , ∴ = 1025 sec 2   .
3  
2 d α 2
To earn one point Megan needs to pick 3 or more. dα
3 2 4 1 5 0 Given = 0.02 and α = 0.1 ,
 2 1 5  2 1 5  2 1 dt
Pr ( X ≥ 3)= C 3     + C 4     + C 5     = 0.7901
5

 3 3  3 3  3 3 dr dr dα

∴ = × = 20.5 sec 2 (0.05) = 20.6 m per hour.
dt dα dt
Q6aii Binomial distribution: n = 18, p = 0.7901 .
Q7bi f (x ) = Ax 3 − Ax + 1, where A > 0 .
Pr ( X = 18) = 0.790118 = 0.01 .
2
 3   3 
f ( x ) = 3 Ax − A. ∴ f ±
′ 2
′  = 3A ± − A = 0.
Q6aiii Binomial distribution: n = 18, p = 0.7901, q = 0.2099 .  3   3 
   
Pr ( X ≤ 16) = 1 − Pr ( X = 17 ) − Pr( X = 18)
3
= 1−18 C17 (0.7901) (0.2099 ) − 0.01 = 0.92 .
17 1
∴ f (x ) has stationary points at x = ± .
3
3
dy Q7bii At x = , the value of the function is a minimum,
Q6bi Maximum height is reached when = 0. 3
dt 3
dy  3    
2
y = −4.9t + 200t + 5000, = −9.8t + 200 = 0, ∴ t = 20.4 s y = f  = A 3  − A 3  + 1 = − 2 A + 1.
dt  3   3   3 
      3 3
and y = 7040.8 m.
2A
For the local minimum to be a positive value, − + 1 > 0,
dx 3 3
Q6bii x = 200t , ∴ = 200 .
dt 3 3
∴A< . y
dy dy dx −9.8t + 200 2
Descending slope is = = .
dx dt dt 200
dy −9.8t + 200 • 1
At 45 o ,
dx
( )
= tan − 45 o = −1, ∴
200
= −1, t = 40.8 s.

o dy
At 60 ,
dx
( o
)
= tan − 60 = − 3 ,
−1 0 x
−9.8t + 200
∴ = − 3 , t = 55.8 s.
200 3 3
Earliest time is 40.8 s and the latest time is 55.8 s. ∴ f (x ) has exactly one zero when A < .
2
Q6biii The latest time is when the speed = 350 ms-1, Q7biii Since f (− 1) = 1 and f ′(− 1) = 2 A > 0, given A > 0 , the
2 2
 dx   dy  only zero must be at x < −1 . ∴ f (x ) does not have a zero in the
  +   = 350, ∴ 200 + (200 − 9.8t ) = 122500,
2 2
i.e.
 dt   dt  3 3
t = 49.7 s. interval −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 when 0 < A < .
2
π π
Q7biv g (θ ) = 2 cos θ + tan θ , where − <θ < .
2 2
1
g ′(θ ) = −2 sin θ + sec θ = −2 sin θ +
2

cos 2 θ
Q7ai PT = 450 2 + 2000 2 = 2050 m = =
(
− 2 sin θ cos 2 θ + 1 − 2 sin θ 1 − sin 2 θ + 1 )
r cos 2 θ cos 2 θ
= tan (0.05) , ∴ r = 102.6 m.
2050 2 sin 3 θ − 2 sin θ + 1 3 3
= 2
. Since 0 < 2 < and −1 < sin θ < 1
cos θ 2
P π π
Q− <θ < , ∴ 2 sin 3 θ − 2 sin θ + 1 has no zeros. Hence
2 2
α g (θ ) does not have any stationary points.
450
Q7bv ∴ g (θ ) must be a one-to-one function in the interval
r
π π
− <θ < , ∴ g (θ ) has an inverse function.
2000 T 2 2
r
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