MIDTERMS TOPIC 1: DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM PRE IMPACT PHASE

1. Sustainability reduce global disaster

PRE-IMPACT PHASE mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per
100,000 global mortality
PREVENTION/ MITIGATION 2. Substantially reduce the number of affected
people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average
a. United nation International Strategy for
global figure per 100,000
Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
3. Reduce direct disaster economic loss in
b. HYOGO Framework for Action on Disaster
relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)
Reduction
4. Substantially reduce disaster damage to
c. Hazard Identification, Vulnerability Analysis,
critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services,
and Risk Assessment
among them health and educational facilities,
including through developing ther resilience
UNITED NATION INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR 5. Substantially increase the number of
DISASTER REDUCTION (UNISDR) countries with national and local disaster risk
 Brings governments partners and reduction strategies
communities together to reduce disaster risk and to 6. Substantially enhance international
ensure a safer, sustainable future. cooperation to developing countries through adequate
 Created in December 1999 to ensure the and sustainable support to complement their national
implementation of the international strategy for actions for implementation of this framework
Disaster Reduction. 7. Substantially increase the availability of and
 UNISDR aims to guide and coordinate the access to multi-hazard early warning systems and
efforts of a wide range of partners to: disaster risk information and assessments to people
o Achieve substantive reduction in disaster
losses FOUR PRIORITIES OF ACTION
o Build resilient nations and communities as  Understanding disaster risk
an essential condition for sustainable development  Strengthening disaster risk governance to
manage disaster risk
SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISK  Investing in disaster risk reduction for
REDUCTION (2015-2030) resilience
SCOPE AND PURPOSE  Enhancing disaster preparedness for
 The present framework will apply to the risk effective response and to build back better in
of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction
infrequents, sudden and slow-onset disasters, caused THE SENDAI FRAMEWORK OUTLINES SEVEN
by natural or man-made hazards as well as related GLOBAL TARGETS TO BE ACHIEVED BY 2030:
environmental, technological, and biological hazards SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTIONS
and risks. It aims to guide the multi-hazard
management of disaster risk in development at all  Reduce global disaster mortality
levels as well as within and across all sectors.  Reduce the number of affected people
globally
EXPECTED OUTCOME  Reduce direct economic loss in relation to
GDP
 The substantial reduction of disaster risk and
 Reduce disaster damage to critical
losses in lives, livelihoods, and health in the
infrastructure and disruption of basic services
economic, physical, social, cultural, and
environmental assets of persons, businesses. SUBSTANTIAL INCREASES
 Increases the number of countries with
GOAL national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
 Present new and reduce existing disaster  Substantially enhance international
risk through the implementation of integrated and cooperation for developing countries
inclusive economic, structural, legal, social, health  Increase the availability of and access to
cultural, educational, environmental, technological, multi-hazard early warning systems
political, and institutional measures that prevent and
reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, BUILDING RESILIENT NATION
increase preparedness for response and recovery,  Climate change adaptation
and thus strengthen resilience  Strengthening the international system for
DRRM
 Building disaster resilient cities, schools, and
SEVEN TRAGETS hospitals
 Increase investment for DRRM

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 of a specified outcome from a given hazard that
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION ON DISASTER affects a community with known vulnerabilities and
REDUCTION coping mechanisms
 The Hyogo Framework for Action (2005 -  The probability may be presented as a
2015): Building the Resilience of Nations and numerical range (percentage) or in relative form (low,
Communities to Disasters, was adopted by the World moderate, high)
Conference fo Disaster Reduction in Kobe Japan in
January 2005 RISK ASSESSMENT: MAJOR OBJECTIVES
 Designed and agreed upon by participating  Determining a community’s risk of adverse health effects
countries, which include the Philippines, to urgently due to specified disaster.
make actions to address disaster risk reduction  Identify the major hazards facing the community and their
 10-year plan to make a safer (error in ppt) sources
from natural hazard and reduce disaster losses  Identify the major hazards facing the community and their
 Primary Objective: To build the resilience of sources
nations and communities to disaster  Identify the sections of the community most likely to be
affected by a particular hazard
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION ON DISASTER  Determining existing measures and resources that reduce
REDUCTION: PRIORITY ACTIONS the impact of a given hazard
 Ensure Disaster risk reduction is a national  Determining areas that require strengthening to prevent to
and local priority with as strong institutional basis for mitigate the effects of hazard
implementation
 Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks
and enhance early warning system GENERAL PREPAREDNESS 
 Use knowledge, innovation and education to  Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world,
build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels supported by the IFRC (International Federation of Red
 Reduce underlying risk factors
Cross and Red Crescent Societies), are working to
 Strengthen disaster preparedness for
improve their preparedness for disasters, this includes: 
effective response at all levels
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, VULNERABILITY o Coordinating with national authorities and partners to
ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT know what risks and hazards to prepare for 
 The three-cornerstone method of data o Training and equipping millions of volunteers as first
collection for disaster planning: responders to a wide range of hazards 
o Hazard Identification and mapping o Researching new technologies to improve their
o Vulnerability Analysis response 
o Risk assessment o Working with communities to understand the needs of
 The first step of effective diaster planning
those most at risk 
requires advanced identification of potential problems
for the institution or community involved o Setting up early warning systems so communities can
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING take early action before a disaster hits. 
 Used to determine which event are most
likely to affect a community and to make decisions GENERAL PREPAREDNESS FOR FAMILY
about whom or what to protect as the basis of  Provide resources to families to assist with identifying
establishing measures for prevention, mitigation and hazards within the area
response
 Data are mapped using aerial photography,
 Assist families with identifying emergency communication
satellite imagery, remote sensing and geographic methods both from the community as well as within the
information systems family
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS  Encourage families to explore insurance options as well as
 Used to determine who is most likely to be the benefits that are associated with different policies and
affected, the property most likely to be damaged or plans
destroyed, and the capacity of the community to deal  Facilitate families to create a home emergency plan that
with the effects of the disaster.
includes evacuation routes, reunification points, and
 Data are collected regarding the
susceptibility of individuals, property land and the emergency contact lists.
environment to potential hazards in order to develop  Assist families with creating an emergency kit.
prevention strategies  Strengthen family plans by encouraging families to
RISK ASSESSMENT participate in community drill to increase awareness,
 Uses the results of the hazard identification knowledge and comfort levels.
and vulnerability analysis to determine the probability

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 Provide child- friendly education so that children can learn  Provision of information about an imminent hazard that is
about disaster preparedness and become an active likely to affect a community 
member in their family planning.  This may be in various forms of communication (e.g.,
sounds, symbols, letters) that can be easily and
KEY COMPONENTS FOR COMMUNITY immediately understood by all stakeholders 
PREPAREDNESS PLANS
 Community profile EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROTOCOL
 Physical Infrastructure  SEARCH AND RESCUE 
 Risk Assessment   Search for provide immediate aid to survivors of a
 Early Warning System (EWS)  disaster 

 Emergency Response Protocol 

 To ensure their safety, the rescuers should observe the
following: 
 Recovery Plans 
o Wear protective gear at all times 
 Community Disaster Reduction Fund o Constantly monitor for vital signs 
o Decontamination of rescuers and their equipment
COMMUNITY PROFILE 
should be done before leaving the rescue site to
IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES
prevent the spread of health hazard or secondary
 Accounts for all communities within the area and their
contamination 
level of exposure to an identified hazard 
NEEDS OF SURVIVORS 
RELATIONAL CONNECTIVITY 
 Clean, potable water 
 Identifies community’s relationships with agencies
 Ready to eat food 
and institutions in terms of providing aid, facilitating
services and supporting programs related to the  Huge, secured, and safe evacuation centers 
implementation, improvement and enhancement of  Visible, accessible, and equipped health care providers 
DRRM plan   Debriefing  
MANPOWER  SURVIVAL KITS AND MATERIALS
EXPERTS CONDUCTING RISK ASSESSMENT  All families need to prepare this for disasters
 Oversee, implement, update and manage the whole  Contains essential items, waterproof, checked regularly for
plan any expiring medicines or materials 
 Locals of the community will be trained for them to
take over the implementation of the DRRM plan FOOD
RESCUE TEAMS  Clean drinking water (at least three liters/day per person)
 Search and rescue - knowledgeable and familiar with  Easy to prepare, store and cary foods (biscuits, cookies,
the individuals/families they are searching/rescuing crackers, canned foods in easy-open cans)
 Medical assistance - understands and knows how to  Candies (to maintain sugar in the body)
deal with specific health problems or medical needs  Food for babies or elderly
 Relief distribution - prepares and facilitates fast and
efficient distribution of relief goods MEDICINE
 For cough and colds
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE  For stomach upset 
 Both vertical and horizontal infrastructure and natural  For headaches and other pains
elements that may be affected or can cause disaster from  For allergies
a hazard
 Special medicines

RISK ASSESSMENT
FIRST AID
 Done by experts identified in the manpower section  Medicated plastic strips
 Identification of each hazard and the level of disaster risk  Gauze
that the community has on each hazard
 Antiseptic /disinfectant

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS)   Antibiotic treatment

 Wide packets

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  Gradually restoring a community to return to its pre-
SANITATION AND TOILETRIES disaster level of functioning
 Sanitary napkins or diapers  Gives communities options for rehabilitation of livelihood,
 Toothpaste and toothbrushes restoration of social and economic activities, advancement
 Bath soap and laundry soap in development projects and reconstruction of shelters and
 Small towels infrastructure
 Plastic/garbage bags  Having recovery plans will give communities options for
rehabilitations of livelihood, restoration of social and
economic activity, advancement in development projects,
CLOTHING
and reconstruction of shelters and infrastructure
 Extra clothes
 Jackets
COMMUNITY DISASTER REDUCTION FUND
 Blankets  It is important to develop a comprehensive DRRM plan to
 Underwear estimate and allocate funds for the implementation of the
plan before, during, and after disaster
EMERGENCY TOOLS AND GADGETS
 Whistle
 Flashlights FIRE PREPAREDNESS 
 Batteries MANAGEMENT OF FIRE-RELATED EMERGENCIES
AND DISASTERS 
 Radios
 Fire Prevention Objectives: 
 Mobile phones and chargers o To prevent fire from starting 
o To eliminate the cause/s of fire 
IMPORTANT ITEMS o To save lives and property 
 Keys
o To minimize losses if fire does occur 
 Cash
o To confine fire in its point of origin 
 Jewelries o To put out fire. 
PREVENTS THE OUTBREAK OF FIRE 
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
 Birth and/or marriage certificates
 Identify source of flammable chemicals and materials 
 Bank passbooks, investment records
 Proper storage 
PROVIDE FOR EARLY DETECTION
 Government IDs
 Automatic alarm system to sense fire or smoke 
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROTOCOL  Smoke detectors 
GENERAL EVACUATION PROCEDURES  Heat detectors 
 Be aware of the emergency exits and warning calls of the  Light radiation/flame detectors 
buildings you frequently go to  Manually operated alarm systems shall be located within
 When the emergency alarms are sounded, keep calm and 61 meters travel distance from anypoint of the building, to
try to keep others calm too swarm occupants of the building of incipient fire. 
 Exit the buildings using the stairways. NEVER use the PREVENT THE SPREAD OF FIRE 
elevator  Use of barriers to limit the area of a fire or retard the
 If there is a DRRM personnel directing people on what to spread of fire. 
do, follow his or her instructions to facilitate a systematic o Fire wall 
and orderly evacuation or DRRM procedure o Shutters or louvers 
 Once in the assembly area, notify authorities of people o Baffles 
who need assistance such as the injured, trapped, or
o Fire dampers 
disabled
o Dikes 
 Never re enter the building unless it has been declared
PROVIDE FOR PROMPT EXTINGUISHMENT 
safe by authorities
 Blanketing or smothering 
RECOVERY PLANS  Cooling or quenching 

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 Removal of fuel  PROTECTING YOUR FAMILY 
 Fire extinguishers   Talk about earthquakes with your family so that everyone
knows what to do in case of an earthquake 
a. Permanent or Built-in Extinguishers   Check at your workplace and your children’s schools and
 Standpipe and hose  day care centers to learn about their earthquake
 Sprinklers system  emergency plans 
 Automatic extinguishing system   Pick safe places in each room of your home, workplace
and/or school 
b. Portable Extinguishers (should be accessible, located  Practice DROP, COVER, and HOLD ON in each safe
and maintained in operating condition).  place 
 Types:   Make sure you have access to radio broadcasts: 
o Dry chemical (red)   Find an online radio station: 
o HCFC 123 (green)  o Purchase a battery-powered or hand-crank radio 
o Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) (blue)  o Keep a flashflight and any low-heeled shoes by
each person’s bed. 
PROVIDE FOR PROMPT AND ORDERLY PROTECTING YOUR PETS 
EVACUATION   Prepare a pet emergency kit for your companion animals 
 Exit safely  PROTECTING YOUR HOME
 At latest 2 ways out and remote from each other   Bolt and brace water heaters and gas appliances to wall
 Know your emergency exits  studs.
 Travel distance to exits should be 45 m, if area if without  Do not hang heavy items, such as pictures and mirrors,
sprinkler and 60m, if with sprinkler  near beds, couches and anywhere people sleep or sit.
 Signs should be readily visible and placed within 30m from  Install strong latches or bolts on cabinets. Large or heavy
exit access  items should be closest to the floor.
 Emergency lights should provide illumination for at least  Learn how to shut off the gas valves in your home and
1.5 hour keep a wrench handy for that purpose.
 Written plan   Place large and heavy objects and breakable items (bottle
 Trainings  foods, glass or china) on lower shelves.
o Fire prevention, disaster preparedness,  Anchor overhead lighting fixtures to joists.
firefighting   Anchor top-heavy, tall and freestanding furniture such as
 Proper evacuation procedures  porches, decks, sliding glass doors, canopies, carports
 Proper search and rescue (SAR) and garage doors.
procedures   Learn about your area’s seismic building standards and
 Incident command system (ICS)  land use codes before you begin new construction.
o First Aid and Basic Life Support (BLS)   Have a professional, make sure your home is securely
o Regular Inspection  anchored to its foundation, as well as strengthening tips
o Drills for exterior features, such porches, decks, sliding glass
doors, canopies, carports and garage.
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS 
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE PROTECT YOURSELF DURING EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS:  DROP (OR LOCK)
 Assembling in emergency preparedness kit   Wherever you are, drop down to your hands and knees
 Creating a household evacuation plan that includes your and hold onto something sturdy. If you’re using a
pets  wheelchair or walker with a sear make sure your wheels
 Staying informed about your community’s risk and are locked and remain seated until the shaking stops.
response plans.  COVER
 Ensuring each family members knows how to get back in  Cover your neck and head with your arms. If a sturdy table
touch if you are separated during an emergency  or deck is nearby, crawl underneath it for shelter. If no
 Prepare in advance  shelter is nearby, crawl next to an interior wall (away from
windows).  Crawl only if you can reach better cover

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 without going through an area with more debris. Stay on 2. If evacuated, return only when authorities say it is safe to
your knees or bend over to protect vital organs. do so.
HOLD ON 3. Continue listening to local news or a NOAA Weather
 If you are under a table or desk, hold on with one hand Radio for updated information and instructions.
and be ready to move with it if it moves. If seated and 4. If people around you are injured, practice CHECK, CALL,
unable to drop to the floor, bend forward, cover your head CARE. Check the scene to be sure it’s safe for you to
with your arms and hold on to your neck. approach, call for help, and if you are trained, provide first
aid to those in need until emergency responders can
arrive.
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS PREPAREDNESS
 Assembling an emergency preparedness kit.
FLOODS PREPAREDNESS
 Creating a household evacuation plan that includes your
 Find out if you live in a flood prone area and whether your
pets.
property is above or below the flood stage water level.
 Staying informed about your community’s risk and
 Elevate your furnace, water heater and electric panel.
response plans.
 If time permits, use sandbags to construct barriers to
 Ensuring each family member knows how to get back in
protect your home.
touch if you are separated during an emergency.
 Consider installing “check valves” to prevent floodwaters
STAYING SAFE DURING A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
1. Listen to a local station on a portable, battery-operated from backing up into the drains of your home
radio television for updated emergency information and  Be familiar with flooding warning signs:
instructions. Local officials will give the most appropriate o Consistent heavy rains
advice for your particular situation. o Overflowing rivers and streams
2. Follow any evacuation orders issued by authorities, and o Saturated ground
put your emergency plan into action. Although it may  Know the difference between a flood or flash flood watch
seem safe to stay at home and wait out an eruption, if you and a flood or flash flood warning:
are in a hazard zone, doing so could be very dangerous.
3. If indoors, close all windows, doors, and dampers to keep
TORNADOES PREPAREDNESS
volcanic ash from entering.
PROTECTING YOUR HOME
4. Put all machinery inside a garage or barn to protect it from
 Make a list of items to bring inside in the event of a storm
volcanic ash. If buildings are not available, cover
machinery with large tarps.
 Make trees more wind resistant by removing diseased or
damaged limbs, then strategically remove branches so
that wind can blow through. Strong winds frequently break
IF YOU ARE OUTDOORS
weak limbs and hurl them at great speed, causing damage
 Seek shelter indoors if possible
or injury when they hit.
 Stay out of designated restricted zones
 Remove any debris or loose items in your yard.
 Avoid low-lying areas, areas downwind of the volcano, and
 Consider installing permanent shutters to cover windows.
river valleys downstream of the volcano.
Shutters can be closed quickly and provide the safest
 Stay in areas where you will not be further exposed to protection for windows.
volcanic eruption hazards.
 Strengthen garage doors. Garage doors are often
 Trying to watch an erupting volcano up close is a deadly damaged or destroyed by flying debris, allowing strong
idea. winds to enter. As winds apply pressure to the walls, the
roof can be lifted off, and the rest of the house can easily
IF YOU ARE CAUGHT IN AN ASHFALL follow.
 Wear a dusk mask designed to protect against lung TORNADO PREPAREDNESS
irritation from small particles.  Don’t wait until you see the tornado to act! If you
 Protect your eyes by wearing goggles. Wear eyeglass, not  Move to an underground shelter, basement or safe room.
contact lenses. If none is available, a small, windowless, interior room or
 Keep as much of your skin covered as possible. hallway on the lowest level of a sturdy building is the
safest alternative
STAYING SAFE AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION   Listen to local area radio, NOAA radio or TV stations for
1. Let family and friends know you’re safe. The American the latest information and updates
Red Cross can help you reconnect with family members.

BSN 4A (A.Y. 2022-2023) 6

 Find a local emergency shelter and know the best routes  Protect yourself from the effects of a tsunami by moving
to get there if you need to from the shore to safe, high grounds outside tsunami
hazard areas.
 Be alert to signs of a tsunami, such as a sudden rise or
STAYING SAFE DURING A VOLCANIC ERUPTION draining of ocean waters.
IF YOU ARE OUTDOORS  Listen to emergency information and alerts
 Seek shelter in a basement, shelter or sturdy building.
 Evacuate: DO NOT wait! Leave as soon as you see any
 If you cannot quickly walk to a shelter, immediately get natural signs of a tsunami or receive an official tsunami
into a vehicle and try to drive to the closest sturdy shelter. warning.
Remember to buckle your seat belt.  Learn the signs of a potential tsunami, such as an
 Stay away from bridge/highway overpasses. earthquake, a loud roar from the ocean, or unusual ocean
 If strong winds and flying debris occur while driving, pull behavior, such as sudden rise or wall of water or sudden
over and park, keeping your seat belt on and engine draining of water showing the ocean floor.
running. Put your head down below the windows, covering
your head with your hands and a blanket COMMUNICATION PLAN
 Consisting of policies, procedures, an incident command
TYPHOON/CYCLONES PREPAREDNESS structure - is the primary tool management has to ensure
 Secure your property employees follow protocols during an emergency in
 Cover windows. If storm shutters are unavailable, use ⅝ contacting stakeholders, the media, and others
inch exterior grade or marine plywood cut to fit each  A document that provides guidelines, contact information
window. Use screws to attach them and procedures for how information should be shared
 Trim trees and shrubs around your home so that they are during all phases of an unexpected occurrence that
more wind-resistant requires immediate action.
 Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.
 Reinforce garage doors so wind doesn’t enter and cause
structural damage.
 Bring in outdoor objects (furniture, toys, tools, etc.), anchor
object that cannot be brought inside and remove outside
antennas
 Listen to a NOAA weather radio or TV for updated
information
 Be prepared to evacuate, and do so immediately if
necessary.
 Keep valuables and important documents with you in a
waterproof container. Consider scanning and sending
copies of documents to yourself via email so that you have
an electronic version available after the storm.
 Turn off utilities if instructed to do so. Turn the refrigeration
thermostat to its coldest setting, and keep its door closed.
If you suspect flooding, duct tape your refrigerator shut.
 If electricity is lost, turn off appliances to avoid power
surge when electricity is restored.
 Fill the bathtub and other large containers with water to
ensure a supply for sanitary purposes.
 Take refuge in a small interior room
(closet/hallway/bathroom) on the lowest level and away
from windows and glass doors

TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS
 First protect yourself from an earthquake. DROP, COVER,
THEN HOLD ON.

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