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    LEC5&6

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    Mohmmed Hussein
    The document discusses various methods for analyzing runoff, including the water balance method, rating curve method, rational method, and SCS method. It also discusses hydrological systems concepts, key hydrological processes like rainfall interception and infiltration, challenges with modeling in arid/semi-arid regions, and frequency analysis of rainfall data using statistical distributions and parameter estimation techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LEC5&6

    Uploaded by

    Mohmmed Hussein
    9 views6 pages
    The document discusses various methods for analyzing runoff, including the water balance method, rating curve method, rational method, and SCS method. It also discusses hydrological systems concepts, key hydrological processes like rainfall interception and infiltration, challenges with modeling in arid/semi-arid regions, and frequency analysis of rainfall data using statistical distributions and parameter estimation techniques.

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    Integrated watershed management

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    The document discusses various methods for analyzing runoff, including the water balance method, rating curve method, rational method, and SCS method. It also discusses hydrological systems concepts, key hydrological processes like rainfall interception and infiltration, challenges with modeling in arid/semi-arid regions, and frequency analysis of rainfall data using statistical distributions and parameter estimation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views6 pages

    LEC5&6

    Uploaded by

    Mohmmed Hussein
    The document discusses various methods for analyzing runoff, including the water balance method, rating curve method, rational method, and SCS method. It also discusses hydrological systems concepts, key hydrological processes like rainfall interception and infiltration, challenges with modeling in arid/semi-arid regions, and frequency analysis of rainfall data using statistical distributions and parameter estimation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    2/19/2023

    Integrated Watershed Management

    (Lecture 5)

    Runoff:
    Runoff relationships:

     Water Balance
     Rating Curve method .
     Rational method.
     Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method.
     Others

    1
    2/19/2023

    Water Balance

    𝑃−𝐸−𝐼−𝑄±𝑆 =0

    Where:
    P: Precipitation
    E: Evapotranspiration
    I : Infiltration
    Q: Runoff
    S : Storage

    Rating Curve method

    2
    2/19/2023

    Rational method

    Where:
    i: Rainfall Intensity (mm/h)
    A: Catchment Area (km2)
    C : Runoff Coefficient

    b
    I
    (t c  d ) e

    Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method

    Where:
    Pe: Surface Runoff (in)
    P: Precipitation (in)
    CN : Curve Number

    3
    2/19/2023

    Systems Concept:

    The Hydrologic System:


    • A significant aspect of flood hydrology is the estimation of the
    magnitude of streamflow at various locations in a watershed resulting
    from a given precipitation input.
    • The hydrologic system embodies all of the physical processes that are
    involved in the conversion of precipitation to streamflow, as well as
    physical characteristics of the watershed and atmosphere that
    influence the runoff generation.
    • The use of computer models to simulate the hydrologic system is of
    major significance in the performance of many rainfall-runoff
    analyses.

    4
    2/19/2023

    The Hydrologic Processes:


    • The behavior of each process is controlled by its own characteristics
    as well as by its interaction with other processes active in the
    watershed.
    • The predominant hydrologic processes include:
    • Rainfall interception.
    • Evapotranspiration.
    • Infiltration.
    • Percolation.
    • Subsurface flow.
    • Surface runoff.

    Hydrological Modelling in arid & Semi-Arid Regions:

    • The complexity of the hydrological processes seen in semi-arid


    regions makes it difficult to predict the spatial and temporal variation
    of the processes that occur within these regions.
    • The lack of data is a major obstacle for the application of hydrological
    models for complex semi-arid catchments.
    • Often lumped and conceptual catchment models based on simple
    and semi-empirical relationships are used and only the hydrological
    processes of interest are included in the model.

    5
    2/19/2023

    Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Data:


    • The hydraulic design and management of water systems are not
    based on the long-term average of rainfall records but on particular
    rainfall depths that can be expected for a specific probability or return
    period. These rainfall depths can only be obtained by a thorough
    analysis of long time series of historic rainfall data.

    • Frequency analysis is used to predict how often certain values of a


    variable phenomenon may occur and to assess the reliability of the
    prediction. It is a statistical technique to estimate rainfall depths that
    can be expected for selected probabilities or return periods. The
    estimates are required for determining design rainfalls and design
    discharges for the hydraulic design and management.

    Frequency Analysis of Rainfall Data:


    • Statistical Distributions:
    • Normal, 2 and 3 Parameters Log Normal, Person type 3, Log Person type 3 and
    Gumbel.
    • Parameter Estimation:
    • Method of Moment.
    • Method of Maximum Likelihood.
    • Goodness of fit criteria:
    • Standard Error.
    • Kolmogorov Smirnov.
    • Chi Square.

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