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Citation and Referencing (APA Format)

This presentation provides an overview of how to cite and reference sources in APA style. It discusses the differences between citing sources in-text versus including them in a reference list. It provides examples of how to cite different types of sources such as books, book chapters, journal articles, and web pages in both the body of the text and the reference list. The presentation emphasizes including author names, publication years, page numbers if relevant, and following specific formatting guidelines for different source types.

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arlene landocan
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181 views38 pages

Citation and Referencing (APA Format)

This presentation provides an overview of how to cite and reference sources in APA style. It discusses the differences between citing sources in-text versus including them in a reference list. It provides examples of how to cite different types of sources such as books, book chapters, journal articles, and web pages in both the body of the text and the reference list. The presentation emphasizes including author names, publication years, page numbers if relevant, and following specific formatting guidelines for different source types.

Uploaded by

arlene landocan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Citing and Referencing

in APA Style
(American Psychological Association )
This presentation is based on the description of
APA found in this book:

(available in the library, shelfmark JJE)


Citing vs Referencing

in-text citations
Citing vs Referencing

references
In-Text Citations in APA
CITING in-text: the basics

The basic citation that you will use most of the time:

(Surname, YEAR)
Recent research in herbology
(Longbottom, 2013) has shown that…
… as shown in its annual report
(Ministry of Magic, 2016) …
CITING in-text : the basics

If you have used the name of the author within the sentence,
take it out of the brackets:

(YEAR) In his recent article, Neville


Longbottom (2013) found that…
… as the Ministry of Magic’s
annual report showed (2016) …
CITING in-text : the basics

Conversely, if you have used the year within the sentence, you
can take it out of the brackets:

(Surname)
In this 2013 article (Longbottom),
it was noted that…
… as the 2016 annual report
showed (Ministry of Magic) …
Citing Multiple Authors

For words with one or two authors, include all names in every
in-text citation:

(Surname1, YEAR)

Recent research in herbology


(Longbottom, 2013) has shown…

(Surname1 & Surname2, YEAR)

This important discovery (Weasley


& Potter, 1999) was done…
Citing Multiple Authors

For works with three to five authors, include all names in the
first in-text citations but used et al. for subsequent citations:

(Surname1, Surname2 & Surname3, YEAR)

In a ground breaking survey (Bones,


Crouch, & Bagman, 1992)…

Then: (Surname1 et al., YEAR)

This survey (Bones et al., 1992) was


later the basis of…
Citing Multiple Authors

For works with six or more authors, abbreviate to the first


author name for all in-text citations:

(Surname1 et al., YEAR)

This demonstrated something new


(Flamel et al., 1992).
No date available

If you don’t know the year of publication, you can write n.d. (for
“no date”) instead.

(Surname, n.d.)

The earliest report (Snape, n.d.)


In text: showed that…

Snape, S. (n.d.). School report.


Reference List: Hogsmeade: Hogswart Press.
Quotations

Short quotations are enclosed in quotation


marks.
Grubby-Plank (2014, p. 587) states that ‘a good blast-
ended skrewt is a dead blast-ended skrewt’.
Quotations

Longer quotations are separated from the text.

Scamander (2001, p. 35) in discussing the Common


Welsh Green states that
This dragon blends well with the lush grass of its
homeland, though it nests in the higher mountains,
where a reservation has been established for its
preservation.
Quotations

If you quote something directly, or if you


paraphrase a specific page of a text, then
you have to mention the page number
the quote is from.
Adding Page Numbers

Here is how to add a page number or a range of pages to your


citation:

(Surname, YEAR, p. XX)

… which proved this obscure point


definitively (Bagshot, 1986, p. 867).

(Surname, YEAR, pp. XX-XX)

In a recent study Sinistra (2015, pp.


26-29) argued that…
Adding Page Numbers

If pagination details are unavailable (i.e. on an eBook), use the


chapter, section, and paragraph numbers…

(Surname, YEAR, Chapter X, Section Y, para. Z)

… which proved this obscure point


definitively (Bagshot, 1986, Chapter 8,
Section 12, para. 8).
Distinguishing Identical Citations
If several citations could be mixed up (same surname, same
year), distinguish them by allocating lower case letters in
alphabetical order after the publication date.

Her study of the refereeing process


In text: (Weasley, 2012a) proved an important
point. However this other case study
(Weasley, 2012b) is also interesting.

Weasley, G. (2012a). The refereeing process


Reference List: in Quidditch. London: Leaky Cauldron
Press.
Weasley, R. (2012b). Chudley Cannons vs.
Referrees of the world: a study. London:
Leaky Cauldron Press.
Secondary Reference

To cite a document cited in another one, use the


phrase “as cited in” and give the page number.
There was further evidence to support researchers’
views on genetic abnormalities in frogs through
Kettleburn’s work (as cited in Hagrid, 2007, p.82).
Referencing in APA
Referencing a book
Referencing a book

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the book. Town: Publisher.


Burbage, C. (2002). Non-Magical populations of the
UK. London: Leaky Cauldron Press.
Department of Mysteries (2008). Of the lasting preservation
of prophecies. London: Ministry for Magic.
Authors’ names

You have to write every authors’ names up to


seven.

Black, P., Dippet, A., Derwent, D., & Everard, P.


(1978). Headmasters’ Secrets. London: Flourish
& Blotts.
Authors’ names

If you have more than seven authors, use an


ellipsis between the 6th and the last names.
Malfoy, D., Malfoy, L., Rookwood, A., Carrow,
A., Macnair, W., Lestrange, R. … Dolohov, A.
(2015). Death Eaters: Real life tales of darker
times. London: Flourish & Blotts.
Editors’ names
If the book has an editor, use her name + (Ed.)
or (Eds.) for plural instead of the author.

Bogrod, G. (Ed.). (1994). International Wizarding


Banking Strategies. London: Gringotts Press.

Figg, A. and Filch, A. (Eds.). (2003) They should


have been wizards: a history of forgotten
squibs. Hogsmeade: Scrivenschaft’s.
Different Editions

If this is not a first edition, add the edition number.

Bagshot, B. (1937). A History of Magic (3rd ed.).


Godric’s Hollow: Godric’s Press.
About eBooks

For eBooks, mention the DOI or URL you


downloaded the eBook from:
Cresswell, D. (1994). Liaising with goblins. Retrived from
http://www.ministryofmagic.co.uk/BeastsBeingsSpirits/
54/Goblins/
Referencing a Book Chapter
Referencing a Book Chapter
SurnameAuthor, I. (YEAR). Title of the chapter.
In I. SurnameEditor (Ed.) Title of the book (pp.
XX-XX). Town: Publisher.
Weasley, P. (1997). New standards for cauldron
thickness. In B. Crouch (Ed.) International Magical
Cooperation: the basics (pp. 112-117). London:
Ministry of Magic.

Bagshot, B. (1937). The Goblins’ rebellion In A


History of Magic (3rd ed., pp. 364-412). Godric’s
Hollow: Godric’s Press.
A Paper in a Collection

NameAuthor, I. (YEARpaper). Title of the paper.


In I. NameEditor (Ed.) Title of the book (pp. XX-
XX). Town: Publisher, YEARbook.
Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the pleasure principle. In
The standard edition of the complete psychological
works of Sigmund Freud.Vol.18 (pp. 3-64). London:
Hogarth Press, 1955.
Referencing an article
Referencing an article

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the article. Name of


the Journal, Volume(Issue), xx-xx.

Dumbledore, A. (1943). Twelve uses of dragon


blood. International Journal of Transfiguration,
135(2), 22-47.
Referencing an article

You can also add the DOI (Digital Object


Identifier) at the end of the reference.

Horch, E.P. and Zhou, J. (2012). Charge-coupled


device speckle observations of binary stars.
Astronomical Journal, 136, 312-322. doi:
10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/312
Referencing a Web Page
Referencing a Web Page

Surname, I. (YEAR) Title of the web page.


Retrieved from URL.
Rowling, J.K. (n.d.) How the wizarding world works.
Retrieved from https://www.pottermore.com/
collection/jk-rowling-how-the-wizarding-world-
works
Referencing a Web Page

Surname, I. (YEAR) Title of the blog post [Blog


post]. Retrieved from URL.
Storie, C. (2016). A very happy belated birthday to
Rebeus Hagrid [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2016/12/07/a-
very-happy-belated-birthday-to-rubeus-Hagrid/
Good luck with your referencing!

For more information,


have a look at the
information skills
Moodle page!
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