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Topic 4.5 Formative Answer Key

Standing waves are created when two coherent traveling waves superpose while coming from opposite directions. They do not travel as the resultant wave is stationary. For a string fixed at both ends, the second harmonic standing wave has a wavelength equal to the length of the string. The fundamental frequency is calculated as the speed of sound divided by twice the length. For a closed or open pipe, the sketches show the half or quarter wavelengths that make up the standing waves, and the fundamental frequency is calculated based on the boundary conditions at the open or closed end of the pipe. An oscillating telephone pole generates standing waves similarly to a closed pipe.

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698 views1 page

Topic 4.5 Formative Answer Key

Standing waves are created when two coherent traveling waves superpose while coming from opposite directions. They do not travel as the resultant wave is stationary. For a string fixed at both ends, the second harmonic standing wave has a wavelength equal to the length of the string. The fundamental frequency is calculated as the speed of sound divided by twice the length. For a closed or open pipe, the sketches show the half or quarter wavelengths that make up the standing waves, and the fundamental frequency is calculated based on the boundary conditions at the open or closed end of the pipe. An oscillating telephone pole generates standing waves similarly to a closed pipe.

Uploaded by

이수연
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 4.

5 – Standing waves Formative Assessment


NAME: _________________________________ TEAM:__
THIS IS A PRACTICE ASSESSMENT. Show formulas, substitutions, answers (in spaces provided) and units!
The following questions are about the creation of standing waves.
1. What does it mean for two waves to be coherent?
Coherent means same phase, amplitude, velocity. It means identical, except for direction.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How are standing waves created? Why are they called standing waves?
Standing waves are created by two coherent traveling waves superposing while coming from
_________________________________________________________________________________.
opposite directions. They are called “standing” because the resultant wave does not travel.
_________________________________________________________________________________.

The following questions are about a string fixed at both ends.


3. Sketch the 2nd harmonic standing wave in the string.
3. ___in diagram____
4. If the speed of sound in the string is 1700 m s-1 and length of the string is 12.5 m, what is the
frequency of the second harmonic of the string? 136 Hz
4. _________________
From the sketch note that λ = L = 12.5 m. Then f = v/λ = 1700/12.5 = 136 Hz.
5. What is the fundamental frequency of this string? 5. _________________
68 Hz
For the fundamental, only one lobe would be present. Thus (1/2)λ = L = 12.5 → λ = 25 m.
Then f = v/λ = 1700/25 = 68 Hz.
The following questions are about a pipe closed at one end.

6. Sketch the 2nd harmonic standing wave in this pipe:


6. ___in diagram____
7. If the speed of sound in air is 350 m s-1 and the length of the pipe is 12.5 m, what is the fundamental
frequency of the pipe? 7 Hz
7. _________________
For the fundamental, only half a lobe would be present. Thus (1/4)λ = L = 12.5 → λ = 50 m.
Then f = v/λ = 3500/50 = 7 Hz.
The following questions are about a pipe open at both ends.

8. Sketch the 2nd harmonic standing wave in this pipe:


8. ___in diagram____
9. If the speed of sound in air is 350 m s-1 and the length of the pipe is 12.5 m, what is the fundamental
frequency of the pipe? 9. _________________
14 Hz
From the sketch note that (1/2)λ = L = 12.5 → λ = 25 m. Then f = v/λ = 350/25 = 14 Hz.

The following questions are about a telephone pole having standing waves generated
in its length by the prevailing winds.
10. If the length of the pole exposed above the ground is 18.5 m, what is its
fundamental frequency? The seed of sound through the pole is 92.5 ms-1.
For the fundamental, only half a lobe would be present. 10. _________________
1.25 Hz
Thus (1/4)λ = L = 18.5 → λ = 74 m. Then f = v/λ =
11. What is its second harmonic? 92.5/74 = 1.25 Hz. 3.75 Hz
11. _________________
The 2nd harmonic looks like the closed pipe of 6. Thus (3/4)λ = L = 18.5 → λ =
24.67 m. Then f = v/λ = 92.5/24.67 = 3.75 Hz.
12. Explain how an oscillating telephone pole is similar to an oscillating tuning fork.
Both are like a closed pipe: There is an antinode on the free end, and a node
____________________________________________________________________
on the fixed end.
___________________________________________________________________.

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